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[p. 307] said by way of testimony”; that Marcus Cato used it in still another way in the fourth book of his Origins: 1 “The battle was fought and ended before the camp,” and also in the fifth book: 2 “That all the islands and cities were in favour of the Illyrian land.” Also “before the temple of Castor” is one form of expression, “on the rostra” another, “before, or on, the tribunal” 3 another, “in presence of the assembly” another, and “the tribune of the commons interposed a veto in view of his authority” still another. Now, I thought that anyone who imagined that all these expressions were wholly alike and equal, or were entirely different, was in error; for I was of the opinion that this variety came from the same origin and source, but yet that its end was not the same. And this surely anyone will easily understand, 4 if he attentively considers the question and has a somewhat extensive use and knowledge of the early language.


IV

[4arg] How Quintus Ennius rivalled 5 certain verses of Euripides.


IN the Hecuba of Euripides there are some verses remarkable and brilliant in their diction, their thought and their terseness. Hecuba is speaking to Ulysses: 6

1 Fr. 91, Peter2.

2 Fr. 96, Peter2.

3 On the origin of such expressions, see Frank, Riv. di Fil. liii (1925), p. 105.

4 The preceding statement is not “easy to understand.” Gellius seems to mean that all the different significations of pro developed from one or two original meanings. Thus “for” or “before” will give the general meaning in nearly all the examples except “on the rostra” and “on the tribunal,” for which see Frank's article, cited in the preceding note.

5 The principle of rivalry, the ἀγών, was a recognized feature of literary technique.

6 v. 293; the translation is that of Way, L.C.L.

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