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30. Now the engagement began through the entire fleets in every place at once. [2] On the Roman side eighty ships were fighting, of which twenty-two were Rhodian; the fleet of the enemy consisted of eighty-nine vessels; of ships of the largest size they had three with six banks of oars and two with seven. In strength of ships and courage of soldiers the Romans were far the best, the Rhodian ships in quickness of movement and skill of pilots and dexterity of rowers; [3] yet the greatest terror was caused the enemy by those which carried fire before their prows,1 and that which was their sole source of safety at Panhormus when they were surrounded was at this time the greatest factor in their victory. [4] For when, from fear of the flames in front of them, the royal ships had swerved to avoid the collision of their prows, they were unable to strike the enemy with their beaks, [p. 379]and while turning [5??] they exposed themselves broadside2 to blows, and if one did clash it was covered by flames pouring upon it, and they were more afraid of the fire than of the battle. [6] Nevertheless, as usual, the valour of the soldiers had the greatest effect in the battle. For when the Romans had broken the centre of the hostile line, they swung around and took in the rear the royal ships which were engaged with the Rhodians; and in an instant of time both in the centre and on the left flank the ships of Antiochus were surrounded and sunk. [7] The uninjured right wing was terrified more by the destruction of their comrades than by their own peril; but after they saw the others surrounded and the flagship of Polyxenidas abandoning the allies and setting sail, they quickly raised their top-sails —and the wind was favourable for ships bound for Ephesus —and took to flight, with a loss of forty-two ships in this fight, of which thirteen were captured and fell into the hands of the enemy and the rest were burned or sunk. [8] Two Roman ships were damaged severely, several somewhat injured3 ; one Rhodian ship was captured by a curious accident. [9] When it had struck a Sidonian vessel with its beak, its anchor,4 dislodged from its own ship by the very shock, caught the prow of the other ship with its fluke, falling like an iron hand; [10] then, in the ensuing excitement, since the Rhodians backed water trying to disengage themselves from the enemy, the anchor-cable, fouling the blades, swept one side clean of oars; the crippled ship was then captured by the very vessel which it had struck and [p. 381]grappled. In this manner, in the main, the5 seafight off Myonnesus was conducted.

1 Cf. xi. 13 above and the note.

2 B.C. 190

3 Appian (Syr. 27) gives somewhat different figures: the Roman fleet consisted of 83 ships, of which 25 were Rhodian. The enemy lost only 29 ships (in XL. lii. 6 Livy still insists on 42). Even if we accept the account of Appian the Roman losses were exceedingly small.

4 The anchor was hung suspended abaft of the prow; it might easily then have fallen as Livy says and served as a grappling-iron.

5 B.C. 190

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load focus Notes (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1873)
load focus Notes (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1911)
load focus Notes (W. Weissenborn, 1873)
load focus Summary (English, Evan T. Sage, PhD professor of latin and head of the department of classics in the University of Pittsburgh, 1935)
load focus Summary (Latin, W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1911)
load focus Summary (Latin, Evan T. Sage, PhD professor of latin and head of the department of classics in the University of Pittsburgh, 1935)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, 1873)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1911)
load focus English (Rev. Canon Roberts, 1912)
load focus English (William A. McDevitte, Sen. Class. Mod. Ex. Schol. A.B.T.C.D., 1850)
load focus Latin (Evan T. Sage, PhD professor of latin and head of the department of classics in the University of Pittsburgh, 1935)
hide References (31 total)
  • Commentary references to this page (11):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 33.9
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.10
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.34
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.48
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.16
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.45
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 38.33
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 38.39
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 40.35
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 40.52
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.38
  • Cross-references to this page (7):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Navis
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Polyxenidas
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Pugnae
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Rhodii
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Antiochus Magnus
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), NAVIS
    • Smith's Bio, Polyxe'nidas
  • Cross-references in notes to this page (1):
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (12):
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