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Browsing named entities in Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita, books 43-45 (ed. Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D.).

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lii. 2 and XLII. lvi. 6. ostensibly for the Romans and against the Macedonians; when this fleet should be ready and equipped, the Carthaginians would be free to decide for themselves who should be considered an enemy or who an ally. The instilling of this [suspicion caused the senate] . . .Four quaternions are lost from the MS. at this point. The following matters were treated: the outcome of the dispute between Masinissa and Carthage; the choice of magistrates and their provinces for 170 B.C. —the consuls were Aulus Hostilius Mancinus for Macedonia and Aulus Atilius Serranus for Italy (cf. below), while the praetor Lucius Hortensius received the fleet; the mistreatment of Coronea by Licinius (cf. below, iv. 5 and 11, and the Summary); the defeat of the praetor Lucretius at Oreüs (Plutarch, Aemilius Paullus ix); the secession of the Epirotes and Hostilius' narrow escape from them (cf. below, xxi. 4, Polybius XXVII. 13-14, Diodorus XXX. 5); Hostilius' unsuccessful campaign (cf. XL
Meanwhile the consul had settled on the plan of proceeding by the pass where the king's officer was encamped near Ottolobus.I.e., the pass by Lake Ascuris. Cf. Herodotus VII. 128 on Xerxes' choice of routes in 480 B.C.; he went via Perrhaebia and Gonnus. It was decided, however, to send ahead four thousand men to seize valuable advance positions; the commanders of this force were Marcus Claudius and Quintus Marcius, the son of the consul. Immediately the whole Roman army followed. However, so steep, rough, and rugged was the road that the advance forces, travelling light, barely completed a two days' march of fifteen miles before pitching camp. The place they occupied isB.C. 169 called Dierus. Thence on the following day they advanced seven miles, seized a hill not far from the enemy's camp, and reported by messenger to the consul that they were in contact with the enemy, that they had occupied a place safe and suitable for all purposes, and that he should follo
ation of this: Polyaratus the Rhodran was at the court of Ptolemy; Popilius ordered him to be sent to Rome. Ptolemy sent him instead to Rhodes, but Polyaratus jumped ship at Phaselis, in eastern Lycia, and again at Caunus; then he took refuge at Cibyra, but was finally rounded up and taken to Rome. After a few days, Paulus himself sailed up the Tiber to the city in a royal galley of immense size, which was driven by sixteen banks of oars,Perhaps the one left to Philip by the treaty of 196 B.C.: XXXIII. xxx. 5. and decorated with the spoils of Macedonia, not only splendid armour, but also royal fabrics. The banks were lined with the crowd which had poured out to welcome him. A few days later Anicius and Octavius arrived aboard their fleet. A triumph was decreed to all three commanders by the senate, and Quintus Cassius the praetor was assigned the task of arranging with the tribunes of the commons that they should propose to the commons, on motion of the senate, a resolution
crown of eighty pounds' weight,Perhaps a gift to the goddess Roma, like the similar but more lavish gift of Rhodes when in the bad graces of the Romans (Polybius XXX. 5. 4). and called to mind that they had abandoned Perseus, after a Roman army had come into Macedonia, although they had been subject to Perseus and previously to Philip.This statement may be inaccurate; Lampsacus declared itself independent of Antiochus in 196 B.C. (XXXIII. xxxviii. 3) and when last heard of (XXXVII. xxxv. 2, 190 B.C.) was apparently recognized as independent; perhaps Livy or his source has assumed that Lampsacus had abandoned Perseus at the time when it came forward as an ally of Rome. In return for this and for their action in furnishing the Roman generals with everything, they asked only that they might be admitted to friendshipApparently they wanted an entente with Rome, without the precise and formal undertakings of an alliance (societas). Usually, friendship and alliance go hand in hand (e.g.
supported even their farmers on imported grain, yet they had gathered this amount so as not to fail in their duty;B.C. 171 and they were ready to furnish other things too which might be ordered. The Milesians, without mentioning anything which they had furnished, promised that if the senate wished to order anything for the war they were ready to furnish it. The envoys of Alabanda announced that they had built a temple to the City of Rome,Such a temple had been built by Smyrna in 195 B.C., Tacitus, Annals IV. 56. The conception of Rome as a goddess was quite un-Roman; it was invented by Greeks, adopted by Roman poets (e.g. Vergil, Aeneid VI. 781-7, Lucan, Pharsalia I. 186-192), but not officially adopted as part of Roman religion till the reign of Hadrian (Cassius Dio LXIX. 4. 3). The divinity of cities, either personified or represented by their Fortune, seems like a last freakish form of the glorification of the polls found in Aristotle (Politics I. i. 11: Thus also the ci
request was also made by the people of Lampsacus, who brought a crown of eighty pounds' weight,Perhaps a gift to the goddess Roma, like the similar but more lavish gift of Rhodes when in the bad graces of the Romans (Polybius XXX. 5. 4). and called to mind that they had abandoned Perseus, after a Roman army had come into Macedonia, although they had been subject to Perseus and previously to Philip.This statement may be inaccurate; Lampsacus declared itself independent of Antiochus in 196 B.C. (XXXIII. xxxviii. 3) and when last heard of (XXXVII. xxxv. 2, 190 B.C.) was apparently recognized as independent; perhaps Livy or his source has assumed that Lampsacus had abandoned Perseus at the time when it came forward as an ally of Rome. In return for this and for their action in furnishing the Roman generals with everything, they asked only that they might be admitted to friendshipApparently they wanted an entente with Rome, without the precise and formal undertakings of an alli
The consul sighted much security as well as hope in the folly and inaction of the king; he sent back a message to Spurius LucretiusOn this section, cf. Polybius XXVIII. 0. 11 (9a. 12). Lucretius had been praetor in 172 B.C., cf. XLII. ix. 8. at Larisa to seize the forts abandoned by the enemy in the region of Tempe, and sending Popilius to reconnoitre the crossings around Dium, arrived at that city in two days' march, since he learned that everything lay open in all directions. He ordered his camp to be pitched next to the temple itself, so that no sacrilegeB.C. 169 against the sacred precinct might be committed. On personally inspecting the city which, though not large, was adorned with public installations and an abundance of statuesAmong these statues were the portraits by Lysippus of the twenty-five Cavalry Companions killed at the battle of the Granicus, cf. Arrian, AnabasisI. 16. 4. and was magnificently fortified, the consul could hardly convince himself that n
in 180 B.C. (XL. xlii. 2-5, XLII. xxix. 11). Efforts to attach him to the Roman cause had been misconducted and were valueless (XLII. xxxvii. 2, and xlv. 8). On Perseus' overtures to Gentius, see below, xix. 13-xx. 3, and xxiii. 8. with suspicion. And so, on the one hand, the senate decided that eight fully-equipped ships should be sent from Brundisium to Gaius Furius,Very likely the naval duumvir mentioned in XLI. i. 2-3, who had been in charge of the north-eastern coast of Italy in 178 B.C. the staff-officer at Issa, who was in charge of the island with a force of two Issaean ships-twoB.C. 171 thousand soldiers were put aboard the eightThe number of soldiers to be transported on the ships, which had their own crews, seems too large (cf. XXXVII. ii. 10-a force of three thousand transported in twenty ships (cf. XXII. xxii. 1), XXI. 1. 5-1700 soldiers and sailors in 7 ships) and the number of ships should perhaps be larger (eighteen?). ships, a force raised, in accordance with a
formally discharged the army without action by the senate. the soldiers of the two Roman legions within sixty days after arriving in his province. After having at an early time led the force of allies of the Latin Name into winter-quarters at Luna and Pisa, he himself visited with the cavalry several towns of the province of Gaul. Nowhere else was there war except in Macedonia. However, they still regarded Gentius, the king of the Illyrians,Gentius had been suspected of piracy in 180 B.C. (XL. xlii. 2-5, XLII. xxix. 11). Efforts to attach him to the Roman cause had been misconducted and were valueless (XLII. xxxvii. 2, and xlv. 8). On Perseus' overtures to Gentius, see below, xix. 13-xx. 3, and xxiii. 8. with suspicion. And so, on the one hand, the senate decided that eight fully-equipped ships should be sent from Brundisium to Gaius Furius,Very likely the naval duumvir mentioned in XLI. i. 2-3, who had been in charge of the north-eastern coast of Italy in 178 B.C. the
because the fires of the king's camp at the Elpeüs were in sight. Then the siege began, both with assaults and with field-works and engines, both from land and sea, for the fleet, too, had arrived and occupied the shore side. The younger Romans even captured the lowest part of the wall by turning to military use a performance of the arena. It was the custom then, before there had been introduced the present extravaganceLivy notes the beginnings of lavishness in shows as early as 186 B.C., see XXXIX. xxii. 2, XLI. xxvii. 6, and below, xviii. 8. of cramming the arena with animals from all over the earth, to hunt out various sorts of spectacles, for one race with four-horse chariots and one with bareback riders hardly occupied the space of an hour for the two events. As one of these performances, groups of about sixtySixty was the usual number of soldiers in the so-called century. youths (occasionally more at more elaborate games) entered under arms. Their entranceB.C. 1
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