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William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, I. The Army of the Potomac in history. (search)
onfederate Government; and whereas that Government had borne the prefix provisional at Montgomery, at Richmond it assumed to itself the style and title of permanent. Thus marked out as a seat of war by virtue of being the administrative centre of the insurgent power, Virginia was furthermore marked out as the main seat of war by her geographical relations as a frontier State. For upon her secession the Potomac, her northern boundary, became, for all the region between the Atlantic and the Alleghanies, the dividing line betwixt those points of mighty opposites, the North and the South,—names which, hitherto of no more than political import, now assumed the new and dread significance of belligerent Powers. Thus, by her will and by fate, Virginia became the Flanders of the war. And already, from the moment the events in Charleston harbor made war flagrant, armed men, in troops and battalions, hurried forward, from the North and from the South, to her borders. An equal fire animated
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 2 (search)
erfield, with instructions to raise a local volunteer force—not a promising undertaking among the hardy, Union-loving mountaineers—and hold the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the direct line of communication with the States west of the Alleghanies. Between these outlying members was placed the main body of the Confederate force, in two camps—the one located at Manassas Junction, twenty-seven miles southwest from Alexandria, and the point of intersection of the great Southern railrlar army. Garnett took up advantageous positions at Laurel Hill, a westward-facing sentinel of the Alleghany range, where he held command of the great road from Wheeling to Staunton,—the main highway of communications for the region west of the Alleghanies with that to the east of that mountain-wall,—and began a system of very active and very annoying partisan operations. In the course of a month General McClellan had on foot a considerable army, and he then determined to take the field ag
William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, chapter 13 (search)
eir rolls to one in the ranks. At the opening of the spring campaign, General Lee had, on paper, one hundred and sixty thousand men, but in reality less than fifty thousand, from which, if there be deducted the troops on detached duty, it will appear that he had forty thousand men wherewithal to defend forty miles of intrenchments. These were the forlorn hope of the rebellion. Corralled between the two great Union armies, in the restricted space between the James and the Neuse and the Alleghanies and the Atlantic, it was manifest that the end was near. It only remains to show how in the last wrestle these men comported themselves, and how when they at last broke down under a burden too heavy to bear, the fabric of the revolt which they had for four years upheld on their bayonets, fell with a crash that resounded through the world. Ii. Lee's initiative. The glories of spring-tide that adorned the hills and vales of beautiful Virginia, and made her woods vocal with the son