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ame people, and for ourselves, assent to and ratify the foregoing Constitution for the United States of America. In New Jersey the ratification, which took place on December 18, was unanimous. This is no less significant and instructive than the unanimity of Delaware, from the fact that the New Jersey delegation, in the convention that framed the Constitution, had taken the lead in behalf of the federal, or state rights, idea, in opposition to that of nationalism or consolidation. William Patterson, a distinguished citizen (afterward governor) of New Jersey, had introduced into that convention what was known as the Jersey plan, embodying these state-rights principles, as distinguished from the various national plans presented. In defending them, he had said, after calling for the reading of the credentials of delegates: Can we, on this ground, form a national Government? I fancy not. Our commissions give a complexion to the business; and can we suppose that, when we exceed
invasion would be from that point, while assaults of more or less vigor might be expected upon all important places which the enemy, by his facilities for transportation, could reach. The concentration of Confederate troops in Virginia was begun, and they were sent forward as rapidly as practicable to the points threatened with attack. It was soon manifest that, besides the army at Washington, which threatened Virginia, there was a second one at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, under Major General Patterson, designed to move through Williamsport and Martinsburg, and another forming in Ohio, under the command of Major General McClellan, destined to invade the western counties of Virginia. This latter force, having landed at Wheeling on May 26th, advanced as far as Grafton on the 29th. At this time Colonel Porterfield, with the small force of seven hundred men sent forward by Governor Letcher of Virginia, was at Philippi. On the night of June 2d he was attacked by General McClellan,
stroy, though he had for that purpose fired the buildings before his evacuation of the post. The demonstrations of General Patterson, commanding the Federal army in that region, caused General Johnston earnestly to insist on being allowed to retirertillery has also been received. They were greatly superior to us in that arm before. The object of reenforcing General Patterson must be an advance upon this place. Fighting here against great odds seems to me more prudent than retreat. I htters of the 12th and 15th instant expressed his doubts about his power to retire from before the superior force of General Patterson, therefore the word practicable was in this connection the equivalent of possible. That it was, at the time, so un headquarters, Winchester, July 18, 1861. General:I have had the honor to receive your telegram of yesterday. General Patterson, who had been at Bunker Hill since Monday, seems to have moved yesterday to Charlestown, twenty-three miles to the
equired for such operations would have more than sufficed for General Patterson's army and other forces to have been brought to that localityorgetown, Arlington, and Alexandria; the certainty, too, that General Patterson, if needed, would reach Washington with his army of more thanpresenting the relative strength and positions of the enemy under Patterson and of his own forces to be such as to make it doubtful whether G guard the five defensive passes of the Blue Ridge, and thus hold Patterson in check. At the same time Brigadier-General Holmes was to marchs, was to march back rapidly into the Valley, fall upon and crush Patterson with a superior force, wheresoever he might be found. This, I cogain for a time within the lines of Bull Run with my main force. Patterson having been virtually destroyed, then General Johnston would reenke the movement, in view of the relative strength and position of Patterson's forces as compared with his own. The plan of campaign report
eech by Davis, 447-52. Orr, James L., 182. Orr (ship), 339. P Pacific railway surveys, 20-21. Palgrave, Sir, Francis, 131. Palinurus, 13. Pandora, 10. Paris, Count of, 172, 173. Partisan rangers, 439. Patterson, Major-General, 293, 296, 300, 301, 313, 316, 319. Patterson, William. Jersey plan, 91-92. Pawnee (ship), 252. Peace Congress, 214-15, 380. Plan agreed upon, 216. Plan rejected by Congress, 216. Pegram, Colonel, 293. PenPatterson, William. Jersey plan, 91-92. Pawnee (ship), 252. Peace Congress, 214-15, 380. Plan agreed upon, 216. Plan rejected by Congress, 216. Pegram, Colonel, 293. Pendleton, Capt. W. N., 311. Pennington, —, 32. Pennsylvania. Fugitive slaves, 69. Commissioners to Annapolis, 76. Instructions to delegates to Constitutional convention, 78. Ratification of Constitution, 91. Pennsylvania (ship), 285. Personal liberty laws, 69, 70. Pettus, J. J. Gov. of Miss., 51. Philadelphia Constitutional convention, 82, 101-02. Resolution adopted by Congress, 77. Powers of delegates, 77. Instructions to delegates, 77-80; con-clusions derived from