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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 58 0 Browse Search
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 4. (ed. Frank Moore) 1 1 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
obtain observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising and setting, to find the variation of the compass. Al-pacA. （Fabric.) a. A cloth in which the wool of the alpaca (a species of the Hama, inhabiting Peru) is combined with wool, silk, or cotton. b. A soft dress-goods, an imitation of the former; having a cotton chain and woolen filling, plain color and highly finished surface. Al′pha-bet Tel′e-graph. An apparatus which marks symbols on paper by pressure, as Morse's; or by chemical action, as Bain's; or impresses type on paper, as House's or Hughes's; in contradistinction to one whose indications are observed by the fluctuating position of a needle or needles, as Cooke and Wheatstone's, or the bell-telegraph of Bright. See recording telegraph. Al-phon′sin. （Surgical.) A kind of bulletforceps. Named from Alphonsus Ferrier of Naples. Al′tar. 1. The low ridge which intervenes between the puddling-hearth and the stack. 2. One of t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
Plain. Driver.Prong. Eccentric.Ring. Elastic.Screw. Epicycloidal.Surface. Expanding.Universal. An expansion or elastic chuck a, having a certain range of capacity, may be formed by giving a quad- rafid cleft to the end of a cylindrical tube, whose other end screws on to the threaded mandrel of the lathe-head. The object to be turned is thrust into the chuck, expanding the quadripartite socket. b is Beach's patent drill-chuck. c, center-drill chuck. d, Warwick chuck. e, Morse's adjustable chuck. Expansion chuck. A circular saw of small diameter may be mounted on a lathe-chuck f, which has an axial tenon to fit the hole in the saw, and a central screw or nut to fix the same. Opticians use this mode for the small, thin saws with which they cut the notches in the tubes serving as springs in pocket-telescopes. Carvers in ivory mount their saws in a similar manner. The saws for cutting the nicks in screwheads, and those for making slits in gas-burners, m
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
discoveries came the practical instruments and codes of the no less illustrious Morse, Wheatstone, and others. See voltaic pile ; galvanic battery ; electro-magnetiand the relay or local battery, as they are familiarly known in connection with Morse's telegraph. The effect of a combination of circuits is to enable a weak or exuctors is used. — Prescott, History of the Electric Telegraph. In 1832, Professor Morse began to devote his attention to the subject of telegraphy; and in that yepassage home from Europe, invented the form of telegraph since so well known as Morse's. A short line worked on his plan was set up in 1835, though it was not unt money sufficient to construct a line between Washington and Baltimore. Professor Morse deserves high honor for the ingenious manner in which he availed himself oin England, appears to have been drawn to the subject of telegraphy in 1834. Morse's first idea was to employ chemical agencies for recording the signals, but he
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
n the latter under charge of one of the Siemens brothers. These systems simply connected a series of watch-towers, wherein watchmen were stationed, by an ordinary Morse line, so that the watchmen could telegraph to each other the locality of a fire. The present system is that of Farmer and Channing, American patent of May 19, 1 Lever. No.Name.Date. 747W. JenksMay 25, 1838. 7,443W. W. MarstonJune 18, 1850. *8,317H. SmithAug. 26, 1851. *10,535Smith and WessonFeb. 14, 1854. 15,995G. W. MorseOct. 28, 1856. 16,797W. C. HicksMar. 10, 1857. 20,825G. H. SouleJuly 6, 1858. 20,954J. H. MerrillJuly 20, 1858. *30,446B. F. HenryOct. 16, 1860. 30,714J. BoetAug. 15, 1854. *12,567A. T. WatsonMar. 20, 1855. 15,072H. GrossJune 10, 1856. 18,472Skinner and TryonOct. 20, 1857. 19,068W. BurghartJan. 12, 1858. 20,503G. W. MorseJune 8, 1858. *21,149F. B. PrindleAug. 10, 1858. 23,224Barber and ReinfriedMar. 15, 1859. 23,378E. LindnerMar. 29, 1859. 24,394D. LeavittJune 14, 1859. 25,2
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
1832, contrived a complicated instrument on this principle, in which a separate circuit and needle was employed for each letter and numeral, 36 needles being employed, each being excited by a current of electricity as the occasion required. Cooke and Wheatstone's indicator-telegraph, patented June 12, 1837, is the most prominent and best example of this class of instruments, and is generally used in England. America and the continent of Europe employ the much superior system of Professor Morse, introduced about the same time. C is a front and D a rear view of Wheatstone's instrument. In this the right and left hand terminals a b of the multiplier are each connected to the linewire, which is, when a message is not being transmitted, thrown out of connection with the local battery. The circuit is opened and closed by means of a drum c, at each end of which is a stout steel wire forming respectively the positive and negative poles of the battery; these wires, on turning t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
0th,E ♭B ♮E ♭ 11th,DB ♭D ♮ A D ♭ C typical. B ♮ B ♭ C See Berlioz's Instrumentation and Orchestration. 6. (Telegraphy.) A device for breaking and closing electric circuits, so that the current may be interrupted to give signals. Morse's key. Morse's key for transmitting the currents by which the characters of his alphabet are indicated, consists of a pivoted lever provided with a spring a. When a message is being transmitted, the operator, by tapping on the button b, bringMorse's key for transmitting the currents by which the characters of his alphabet are indicated, consists of a pivoted lever provided with a spring a. When a message is being transmitted, the operator, by tapping on the button b, brings the points c d in contact, connecting the battery and line wire, and producing the combination of dots and dashes which form the Morse alphabet. When not in use for transmitting, the spring a keeps those points out of contact, and currents arriving by the line wire are conducted by the points e f to the indicator or to the relay. 7. A tooth-drawing instrument. 8. (Masonry.) The highest stone of an arch. 9. (Plastering.) That portion of the rendering or first coat of hai
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
ght, or diagonal threads, producing a wrinkled appearance. See Muspratt's Chemistry, II. 530. Morse Al′pha-bet. The telegraphic alphabet contrived by Professor Morse, and which has practically nearly superseded all others on land routes in the United States and on the continent of Europe, is composed of a series of dots an---— —7— —----- J-— — —V----—8— — —--- K—--—W-— —9— — — —-- T-—---X—---—0— — — — — tus by which the message may be impressed on a slip of paper, if required. Morse apparatus and alphabet Mor′tar. 1.(Grinding.) A vessel, generally in the form of a bell or conical frustum, in which substances are pounded by a pestle. Wh connection between the battery and the recording apparatus is formed, and the electric current passes through. The recording apparatus is similar to that used in Morse's telegraph. Attached to clock-work, by which a uniform motion is produced, are two cylinders, between which i
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
f the operation was subsequently published in the same journal. The first daguerreotype view taken in America was by Professor John W. Draper, and was a view of the Church of the Messiah, taken from a window of the New York City University. Professor Morse learned the art in Professor Draper's laboratory. Daguerre made an unsuccessful attempt to photograph the moon. Dr. J. W. Draper of New York succeeded, in 1840, in obtaining a photograph of the moon on silver plates with a telescope of f in the central cylinder, which is surrounded by an annular air-chamber. A liquid is interposed between the cushion of air and the head of the plunger. Pneumatic telegraph. Pneu-mat′ic Tel′e-graph. A telegraph used before the times of Morse and Wheatstone for communicating information by the impulse given to a column of water by pneumatic pressure. A device in which air instead of water is the transmitting medium was patented in 1868 by Count Sparre of Sweden. The transmitting a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
See steam-gage. Re-cord′ing-tel′e-graph. A telegraph provided with an apparatus which makes a record of the message transmitted, as the symbol telegraphs of Morse and Bain, and the type-printing telegraphs of House and Hughes, in contradistinction to the indicatortele-graph of Cooke and Wheatstone, which has a pointing needl moves the strip of paper at a uniform speed in contiguity to the stylus or marking-pen, whose movements are controlled by the electrical current. In the ordinary Morse apparatus this stylus is simply a sharp metallic point on the end of the armature lever, which embosses the character on the strip of paper on being brought in contact therewith. Morse register. An inking stylus or an inking roller is sometimes used in lieu of a plain stylus. The fire-alarm telegraph register records all the alarms and tests which are sent into the central office. The line currents from the stations are received through a series of fifty-six relay magnets, which a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
e British journalists to have written the History of steam navigation, leaving out the name of Fulton. A parallel experiment has been made by the same parties in writing the History of electric telegraphs, leaving out the names of Henry, Draper, Morse, Farmer, and others. Of course they have not heard of Hughes, Phelps, Edison, Stearns, Little, Anders, Pope, and House. One such treatise (?) is before the writer, and its complacent appropriation of all the glory is amusing. Fulton visited ts and marks (see Morse alphabet) or other cipher, as distinct from printing in the usual. Roman letter. (See printing-telegraph.) The dots and dashes of the Morse, or similar system, may be produced by pressure on, or penetration of the paper (Morse), or by a chemical action at the point of contact of the styles (Bain), or the passage of the electric current. Sympa-thet′ic ink. A colorless ink, the writing made with which is made visible by a subsequent operation, — warmth, or other re
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