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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bull Run, battles of. (search)
v.). On the morning after the battle at Groveton, Pope's army was greatly reduced. It had failed to prevent the unity of Lee's army, and prudence dictated its immediate flight across Bull Run, and even to the defences of Washington. But Pope dete thing impossible. He had no alternative but to fight. Both commanders had made dispositions for attack in the morning. Lee's movements gave Pope the impression that the Confederates were retreating, and he ordered McDowell to pursue with a larged forward, were opened upon by a fierce fire of cannon, shot, shell, and bullets, and at the same moment a large number of Lee's troops were making a flank movement that might imperil the whole of Pope's army. A very severe battle soon occurred. P Run, to the heights of Centreville, the brigades of Meade and Seymour covering the retreat. The night was very dark, and Lee did not pursue; and in the morning (Aug. 31) Bull Run again divided the two great armies. So ended the second battle of B
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Burnside, Ambrose Everett, 1824-1881 (search)
d Roanoke Island (q. v.) in February, 1862; also Newbern and Beaufort. He was called to Virginia after the close of the campaign on the Peninsula, and was active and skilful as a corps commander in many of the most important military events of the war. General Burnside served in the campaign in Maryland under McClellan, and was in the battles at South Mountain and Antietam. On Nov. 7, 1862, he superseded McClellan in command of the Army of the Potomac. Failing of success in his attack upon Lee at Fredericksburg (December, 1862), he resigned, and was succeeded by General Hooker in January, 1863. Assigned to the command of the Department of the Ohio in May, he was active there in suppressing the disloyal elements in that region. In the fall he freed eastern Tennessee of Confederate domination, where he fought Longstreet. He was in command of his old corps (the 9th) in Grant's campaign against Richmond in 1864-65, where he performed important work. He resigned April 15, 1865. In
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Burr, Aaron, 1716- (search)
fence and abandonment of the city of New York in 1776: and in 177 he became lieutenant-colonel of Malcolm's regiment. Burr distinguished himself in the battle of Monmouth in 1778, where he commanded a brigade in Stirling's division. During the winter of 1778-79 he was stationed in Westchester county, N. Y. For a short time he was in command of the post at West Point, but, on account of ill-health, he left the army in March, 1779. Burr was a born intriguer, and was naturally drawn towards Lee and Gates, and became a partisan in their schemes for injuring the reputation of Washington. He had been detected by the commander-in-chief in immoralities, and ever afterwards he affected to despise the military character of Washington. He began to practise law at Albany in 1782, but removed to New York the next year. Entering the arena of politics, he was chosen a member of the New York legislature in 1784, and again in 1798. In 1789 he was appointed adjutant-general of the State, and
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carnifex Ferry, battle of. (search)
Carnifex Ferry, battle of. The Confederate troops left by Garnett and Pegram in western Virginia in the summer of 1861 were placed in charge of Gen. Robert E. Lee. At the beginning of August he was at the head of 16,000 fighting men. John B. Floyd, the late Secretary of War, was placed in command of the Confederates in the region of the Gauley River. From him much was expected, for he promised much. He was to drive General Cox out of the Kanawha Valley, while Lee should disperse the army of 10,000 men under Rosecrans at Clarksburg, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and so open a way for an invading force of Confederates into Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Early in September Rosecrans marched southward in search of Floyd. He scaled the Gauley Mountains, and on the 10th found Floyd at Carnifex Ferry, on the Gauley River, 8 miles from Summersville, the capital of Nicholas county, Va. Already a detachment of Floyd's men had surprised and dispersed (Aug. 26, 1861.) some Nat
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cedar Creek, battle of. (search)
Cedar Creek, battle of. In October, 1864, the National army, commanded by General Wright, in the temporary absence of Sheridan at Washington, were so strongly posted behind Cedar Creek that they had no expectation of an attack. They were mistaken. Early felt keenly his misfortune, and, having been reinforced by Kershaw's division and 600 cavalry sent by Lee, he determined to make a bold movement, swiftly and stealthily, against the Nationals. He secretly gathered his forces at Fisher's Hill behind a mask of thick woods, and formed them in two columns to make a simultaneous attack upon both flanks of the Nationals. He moved soon after midnight (Oct. 19, 1864), with horse, foot, and artillery, along rugged paths over the hills, for he shunned the highways for fear of discovery. The divisions of Gordon, Ramseur, and Pegram formed his right column; his left was composed of the divisions of Kershaw and Wharton. At dawn these moving columns fell upon the right, left, and rear of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence 1828- (search)
as appointed lieutenantcolonel of a Maine regiment, and rose to brigadier-general of volunteers in the summer of 1864. He was severely wounded in the siege of Petersburg, and again at Quaker Road in March, 1865. In the final operations ending in Lee's surrender he commanded a division of the 5th Corps. General Chamberlain was a most active and efficient officer, and was in twenty-four pitched battles. He was six times wounded—three times severely. He was designated to receive the formal suded a division of the 5th Corps. General Chamberlain was a most active and efficient officer, and was in twenty-four pitched battles. He was six times wounded—three times severely. He was designated to receive the formal surrender of the weapons and colors of Lee's army, and was brevetted major-general in 1865. He resumed his professional duties in the college in 1865; was governor of Maine in 1866-71; president of Bowdoin College in 1871-83; and afterwards engaged in writing and lectur
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chancellorsville, battle of (search)
valry under Stoneman were sent to destroy railways in Lee's rear, but were foiled by the water in the streams. After a pause, Hooker determined to attempt to turn Lee's flank, and, for that purpose, sent 10,000 mounted med. This movement was so masked by a demonstration on Lee's front by Hooker's left wing, under General Sedgwick, that the right was well advanced before Lee was aware of his peril. These troops reached Chancellorsville, ivening of April 30, 1863, when Hooker expected to see Lee, conscious of danger, fly towards Richmond. He did nfederate cavalry, under Stuart, and were defeated. Lee had called Stonewall Jackson's large force to come up when he perceived Sedgwick's movements. Lee left General 20, 1870. Early with 9,000 men and thirty cannon toe ridges back of Fredericksburg. Banks's Ford, which Lee had strenuously sought to cover, was now virtually in Howard's his right, with Pleasonton's cavalry near. Lee's forces had the Virginia cavalry of Owen and Wickham
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Civil War in the United States. (search)
ere repulsed.—8. General Pope relieved of the command of the Army of Virginia, and assigned to that of the Northwest. General Lee issued a proclamation to the people of Maryland. Skirmish near Cochran's Cross Roads, Miss. Restrictions on travel rt Office at Washington and were repulsed with heavy loss.—13-14. Gen. A. J. Smith defeated the Confederates under Forrest, Lee, and Walker, in five different engagements, in Mississippi, killing and wounding over 2,000.—15. Six steamers burned at Stk with cargoes valued at $6,000,000. Confederate iron-works in the Shenandoah Valley destroyed by National troops.—18. General Lee wrote a letter to a Confederate Congressman declaring that the white people could not carry on the war, and recommendired a salute of 200 guns at West Point, and at each United States post, arsenal, and department and army headquarters, for Lee's surrender.—10. The American consul at Havana hoisted the American flag, when the Confederate sympathizers there thre
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cold Harbor, battle of (search)
Army of the James formed a junction near Cold Harbor, a locality in Hanover county, Va., originally known as Cool Arbor, and the old battle-ground of McClellan and Lee the year before. Gen. W. F. Smith and 16,000 men of the Army of the James had been taken in transports from Bermuda Hundred around to the White House, whence they Warren, who connected with Smith. Having made these dispositions on the 2d, it was determined to force the passage of the Chickahominy the next morning, and compel Lee to seek safety in the fortifications around Richmond. The Nationals moved at four o'clock on the morning of the 3d. Wilson's cavalry was on the right flank, and Sof Cold Harbor, was reported at 13,153, of whom 1,705 were killed and 2,406 were missing. Immediately after the battle Sheridan was sent to destroy the railways in Lee's rear, and so make Washington more secure. This task he effectually performed, fighting much of the time. Grant then resolved to transfer his army to the south s
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colfax, Schuyler 1823- (search)
le1844 Zeta Psi*z *yNew York University1846 Delta Psi*d *yColumbia1847 Theta Delta Chi*q *d *xUnion1847 Phi Delta Theta*f *d *qMiami1848 Phi Gamma Delta *f *g *dJefferson1848 Phi Kappa Sigma.*f *k *sUniversity of Pennsylvania1850 Phi Kappa Psi*f *k *yJefferson1852 Chi Phi*x *fPrinceton1854 Sigma Chi *s *xMiami1855 Sigma Alpha Epsilon*s *a *eAlabama1856 Delta Tau Delta *d *t *dBethany1860 Alpha Tau Omega*a *t *wVirginia Military Institute1865 Kappa Alpha (south)*k *aWashington and Lee1867 Kappa Sigma*k *sVirginia1867 Sigma Nu*s *nVirginia Military Institute1869 Schuyler his deputy. There he studied law, and finally established a weekly newspaper. In 1850 he was a member of the Indiana State constitutional convention, and the next year was a candidate for Congress, but was not elected. In 1856 the newly formed Republican party elected him to Congress, and he was reelected for six consecutive terms. In December, 1863, he was elected Speaker of the House of Representati
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