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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 4 0 Browse Search
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seem to have conformed to its inequalities, indicating a more advanced state of hydraulic engineering in Solomon's time than is commonly supposed to have been possessed by the earlier Romans, who were justly famed for their works of this kind, which have never been surpassed in strength and beauty. The earliest account of any aqueduct for conveying water is probably that which is given by Herodotus (who was born 484 B. C.). He describes the mode in which an ancient aqueduct was made by Eupalinus, an architect of Megara, to supply the city of Samos with water. In the course of the aqueduct a tunnel, nearly a mile in length, was pierced through a hill, and a channel three feet wide made to convey the water. The first of the Roman aqueducts (Aqua Appia) was built, according to Diodorus, by Appius Claudius, in the year of the city 441, or 312 B. C. The water which it supplied was collected from the neighborhood of Frascati, eleven miles from Rome, and its summit was about one hund
nd, and by turning which it is tuned. Tun′nel. 1. (Engineering.) A horizontal or slightly inclined gallery beneath the surface of the ground; generally used for an aqueduct or for the passage of a roadway or canal. Very extensive works of this kind were executed by the ancients; especially by the Romans, as a part of their magnificent structures for supplying cities with water. One tunnel of antiquity is spoken of by Herodotus with great praise. He describes it as executed by Eupalinus, son of Naustrophus, a Megarian, for the city of Samos, on the island of the same name. A tunnel under a hill 150 fathoms high, carried entirely through the base of the hill, with a mouth at either end. The length of the cutting is 7 furlongs; the hight and width are each 8 feet. Along the whole course there is a second cutting 20 cubits deep and 3 feet broad, whereby water is brought through pipes from an abundant source into the city. — Book III. chap 60. Strabo mentions a tunnel at