for New England and its vice-president.
He was also judge of the courts of Hampshire, England, in 1665, and in October was appointed viceadmiral of New England.
He died, in London, in December, 1635, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Mason's heirs sold his rights in the province of New Hampshire in 1691 to Samuel Allan.
Indian fighter; born in England in 1600; served as a soldier under Fairfax in the Netherlands, and was invited by that leader to join his standard in the civil war. He came to America in 1630, and was one of the first settlers of Dorchester.
Captain Mason led the white and Indian troops against the Pequods near the Mystic in 1637 (see Pequod War), and was soon afterwards made major-general of the Connecticut forces, a post he held until his death in Norwich, Conn., in 1672.
He was a magistrate from 1642 until 1668, and deputygovernor from 1660 to 1670.
He went to Saybrook after the Pequod War at the request of the settlers, and in 1659 removed to Norwich.
ssachusetts colonies.
Plymouth colony, elected.
Name.Term.
John Carver1620 to 1621
William Bradford1621 to 1633
Edward Winslow1633 to 1634
Thomas Prince1634 to 1635
William Bradford1635 to 1636
Edward Winslow1636 to 1637
William Bradford1637 to 1638
Thomas Prince1638 to 1639
William Bradford1639 to 1644
Edward Winslow1644 to 1645
William Bradford1645 to 1657
Thomas Prince1657 to 1673
Josiah Winslow1673 to 1681
Thomas Hinkley1681 to 1686
Sir Edmund Andros, governor-general1686 Hinkley1689 to 1692
Massachusetts Bay colony.
Name.Term.
John Endicott (acting)1629 to 1630
Matthew Cradock (did not serve)
John Winthrop1630 to 1634
Thomas Dudley1634 to 1635
John Haynes1635 to 1636
Henry Vane1636 to 1637
John Winthrop1637 to 1640
Thomas Dudley1640 to 1641
Richard Bellingham1641 to 1642
John Winthrop1642 to 1644
governors of the Massachusetts colonies— Continued.
Massachusetts Bay colony.
Name.Term.
John Endicott1644 to 1645
Thomas Dudley1645 to 1646
J
Medicine and Surgery in the United States.
The position of physician-general of the colony of Virginia was held one year by Lawrence Bohun, who arrived 1610; and afterwards by John Pot, the first permanent resident physician in the United States.
Samuel Fuller, first physician of New England, arrived in the Mayflower in 1620, and Johannes la Montagne, first permanent medical settler in New Amsterdam, arrived 1637, followed the next year by Gerrit Schult and Hans Kiersted, while Abraham Staats settled at Albany prior to 1650.
Lambert Wilson, a chirurgeon or surgeon, was sent to New England in 1629 to serve the colony three years, and to educate and instruct in his art one or more youths.
Anatomical lectures were delivered in Harvard College by Giles Firman be fore1647
Earliest law to regulate practice of medicine in the colonies was passed in Massachusetts in 1649; adopted by New York1665
Earliest recorded autopsy and verdict of a coroner's jury was made in
Maryland on
Miantonomoh, 1632-
King of the Narraganset Indians; born in Rhode Island: nephew of Canonicus and Ninegret (qq.
v.). As early as 1632 he visited Boston with his wife and stayed two nights.
He went to church with the English.
Governor Winthrop took Miantonomoh and his attendants to his home and made much of them.
In 1637 he assisted the English in the war with the Pequod Indians (q. v.). At the beginning of 1638 he succeeded his uncle, Canonicus, as sachem or king of the Narragansets; and in March he granted lands on the island of Rhode Island to William Coddington and others to make a settlement.
Entering into an agreement with Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, not to make war upon each other without first appealing to the English, he fell under the suspicions of the latter, and was cited to appear before the governor and council at Boston in 1642.
Nothing being found against him, he was dismissed with honor.
It was the policy of the English to foment a rivalry between the Mo
r thirteen cantons on Long Island.
They received the Dutch kindly, and gave them lands on which they erected Fort Orange, now Albany.
They were then at war with the Mohawks, and when furiously attacked by the latter the Mohegans fled to the valley of the Connecticut, whither a part of the nation had gone before, and settled on the Thames.
This portion was the Pequods (Pequod Indians). A part of them, led by Uncas, seceded, and these rebels aided the English in their war with the Pequods in 1637.
The bulk of the nation finally returned to the Hudson, and kept up a communication with the French in Canada, who called them Loups (wolves), which is the meaning of Mohegan.
When the English and French began their great struggle for the mastery in America (about 1690), the Hudson Mohegans made peace with the Mohawks and joined the English, but were soon reduced to 200 warriors, and the Connecticut Mohegans to about 150.
Some of the latter were collected at Stockbridge, Mass.; and from 1
the State of Rhode Island.
Industrious and hardy, they were numerous, and had twelve towns within a distance of 20 miles. Their chief, Canonicus, sent a bundle of arrows tied with a snake-skin to Governor Bradford, of Plymouth, indicating his hostility.
Bradford returned the skin filled with gunpowder.
Canonicus was alarmed, and remained peaceable, especially after banished Roger Williams won their good — will by his kindness.
They accompanied Massachusetts troops against the Pequods in 1637, and in 1644 ceded their lands to the British King.
The Narragansets having violated the terms of a treaty made in 1644, the New England Congress, under the provisions of the union or confederation, sent messengers to the offending Indians requiring their appearance at Boston.
At first they treated the messengers kindly, but finally declared that they would not have peace until they received the head of Uncas.
Roger Williams warned the congress that the Narragansets would suddenly break ou
New Haven colony.
After the destruction of the Pequods in the summer of 1637, and peace was restored to the legion of the Connecticut, there was a strong desire among the inhabitants of Massachusetts to emigrate thither.
Rev John Davenport, Theophilus Eaton, Edward Hopkins, and others of less note, had arrived at Boston.
They heard from those who had pursued the Pequods of the beautiful country stretching along Long Island Sound, and in the autumn (1637) Mr Eaton and a small party visite1637) Mr Eaton and a small party visited the region.
They arrived at a beautiful bay, and on the banks of a small stream that entered it they built a log hut, where some of the party wintered.
The place had been called by Block, the Dutch discoverer of it, Roodenberg— Red Hills — in allusion to the red cliffs a little inland In the spring of 1638, Mr. Davenport and some of his friends sailed for the spot where Eaton had built his hut. They named the beautiful spot New Haven Under a wide-spreading oak Mr. Davenport preached on the e
Ninegret,
Chief of the Narraganset Indians, and uncle of Miantonomoh (q. v.). He aided the English in the Pequod War (1637). Because of a supposed plot between Ninegret and the Dutch, the commissioners or Congress of the New England Confederation deemed it advisable to make war upon him. They voted 250 footsoldiers (1653). The commissioners of Massachusetts did not agree with the others in the measure.
Ninegret prosecuted a war with the Long Island Indians, who had placed themselves under the protection of the English.
In September. 1654, the commissioners sent a message to Ninegret, demanding his appearance at Hartford, where they were convened, and the payment of a tribute long due for the Pequods under him. He refused to appear, and sent them a haughty answer.
They therefore determined again to make war on him. They raised 270 infantry and forty horsemen.
Maj. Simon Willard was appointed commander-in-chief of these forces, with instructions to proceed directly to Ninegret's
not enforce; desolated fields, burned wigwams, killed a few people, and departed.
The exasperated Pequods sent ambassadors to the Narraganset's urging them to join in a war of extermination.
Through the influence of Roger Williams, who rendered good for evil, the Narragansets were not only kept from joining the Pequods, but became allies of the English in making war upon them.
All through the next winter the Pequods harassed the settlements in the Connecticut Valley, and in the spring of 1637 the colonists determined to make war upon the aggressors.
They had slain more than thirty Englishmen.
Massachusetts sent troops to assist the Connecticut people.
The English were joined by the Mohegans under Uncas, and the entire army was under the command of Capt. John Mason, who had been a soldier in the Netherlands.
The little army proceeded by water to the Narraganset country, whence the Pequods would least expect attack, and marched upon their rear.
The Indians, seeing them sail eas
Sassacus,
Indian chief; born near Groton, Conn., about 1560; chief of the Pequod Indians, feared greatly by the settlers of the New England coast.
In 1637 his tribe murdered several women at Wethersfield, and took two girls captive.
On June 5, 1637, the colonists attacked the Pequod settlement on the Mystic River and won a victory.
Sassacus, however, escaped to the Mohawks, by whom he was murdered the same month.
