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all the allies, induced Caesar to bring forward a law for granting the citizenship to the Latins and the allies which had remained faithful. (Lex Julia de Civitate.) It appears, however, to have contained a provision, giving each allied state the opportunity of accepting what was offered them; and many preferred their original condition as federate states to incurring the obligations and responsibilities of Roman citizens. (Cic. pro Balb. 8; Vell. 2.16 ; Gel. 4.4.) In the following year, B. C. 89, Caesar's command was prolonged. He gained a considerable victory over the enemy, and afterwards proceeded to besiege Asculum, before which he died of disease, according to the statement of Appian. (BC 1.48.) This, however, is clearly a mistake : he probably was obliged to leave the army in consequence of serious illness, and was succeeded in the command by C. Baebius. He was censor in the same year with P. Licinius Crassus (Cic. pro Arch. 5; Plin. Nat. 13.3. s. 5, 14.14. s. 16; Festus, s.
Ca'ssius 3. L. Cassius, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 89, at the time of the Marsic war, when the value of landed property was depreciated, and the quantity of money in circulation was comparatively small. Debtors were thus unable to pay the money they owed, and as the praetor A. Sempronius Asellio decided against the debtors in accordance with the old laws, the people became exasperated, and L. Cassius excited them still more against him, so that he was at length murdered by the people while offering a sacrifice in the forum. (V. Max. 9.7.4; comp. Liv. Epit. 74.
speakers at the bar and from the rostra, dedicating however a large portion of his time to reading, writing, and oratorical exercises. At this period he was committed by his father to the care of the venerable Q. Mucius Scaevola, the augur, whose side he scarcely ever quitted, acquiring from his lips that acquaintance with the constitution of his country and the principles of jurisprudence, and those lessons of practical wisdom which proved of inestimable value in his future career. During B. C. 89, in accordance with the ancient practice not yet entirely obsolete which required every citizen to be a soldier, he served his first and only campaign under Cn. Pompeius Strabo (father of Pompeius Magnus), then engaged in prosecuting with vigour the Social war, and was present at the conference between his commander and P. Vettius Scato, general of the Marsi, by whom the Romans had been signally defeated, a few months before, and the consul P. Rutilius Lupus slain. For upwards of six yea
Clau'dius 35. App. Claudius Pulcher, apparently the son of No. 29. (Orelli, Inscript. No. 578.) When curule aedile he celebrated the Megalesian games. (Cic. de Harusp. Resp. 12.) In B. C. 89 he was made praetor (Cic. pro Arch. 5), and afterwards filled the office of propraetor. In B. C. 87 Cinna gained a victory over his army. (Liv. Epit. 79.) Claudius was impeached by one of the tribunes, and, not appearing, was deposed from his command and banished. Next year, L. Marcius Philippus, his nephew, who was censor, omitted his name in the list of senators. (Cic. pro Dom. 31, 32.) He appears in 82 to have marched with Sulla against Rome, and met his death near the city. (Plut. Sull. 29.) He married Caecilia, and left three sons and three daughters, but no property. (Varro, R. R. 3.16,)
Cleopatra 6. Another daughter of Ptolemy VI. Philometor and Cleopatra [No. 4], married, as we have seen, her uncle Physcon, and on his death was left heir of the kingdom in conjunction with whichever of her sons she chose. She was compelled by her people to choose the elder, Ptolemy VIII. Lathyrus, but she soon prevailed on them to expel him, and make room for her younger son Alexander, her favourite (Paus. 8.7), and even sent an army against Lathyrus to Cyprus, whither he had fled, and put to death the general who commanded it for allowing him to escape alive. Terrified at her cruelty, Alexander also retired, but was recalled by his mother, who attempted to assassinate him, but was herself put to death by him ere she could effect her object, B. C. 89. (Just. 39.4.)
L. Clue'ntius called A. Cluentius by Eutropius (5.3), was one of the generals of the Italians in the Social War. He gained a victory over Sulla in the neighbourhood of Pompeii, but was soon after defeated with great loss by Sulla, B. C. 89. Thirty thousand of his men are said to have fallen in their flight towards Nola, and twenty thousand, among whom was Cluentius himself, before the walls of that town, as the inhabitants would admit them by only one gate, for fear lest Sulla's troops should rush in with them. (Appian, App. BC 1.50; Eutrop. l.c.; comp. Cic. de Div. 1.33; V. Max. 1.6.4; Plin. Nat. 22.6.)
Cosco'nius 3. C. Cosconius, praetor in the Social war, B. C. 89, distinguished himself in the command of one of the Roman armies. According to Livy (Liv. Epit. 75) Cosconius and Lucceius defeated the Samnites in battle, slew Marius Egnatius, the most distinguished of the enemy's generals, and received the surrender of very many towns. Appian (App. BC 1.52) says, that Cosconius burnt Salapia, took possession of Cannae, and then proceeded to besiege Canusium; but a Samnite army came to the relief of the town, which defeated Cosconius and obliged him to fall back upon Cannae. Trebatius, the Samnite general, following up his advantage, crossed the Aufidus, but was attacked, immediately after his passage of the river, by Cosconius, defeated with a loss of 15,000 men, and fled with the remnant to Canusium. Hereupon, Cosconius marched into the territories of the Larinates, Venusini, and Apulians, and conquered the Poediculi in two days. Most modern commentators Appian has made a mistake in t
20,000 Vaccaeans, transplanted the inhabitants of Termesus, conquered Colenda after a siege of nine months, and destroyed a colony of robbers by enticing them into his camp and then ordering them to be cut down. (Comp. Frontin. Strat. 1.8.5, 2.10.1.) According to Sallust (ap. Gel. 2.27; comp. Plut. Sert. 3) Sertorius served in Spain as military tribune under Didius. Didius also took part in the Marsic war, which soon after broke out, and he fell in a battle which was fought in the spring of B. C. 89. (Appian, App. BC 1.40 ; Vell. 2.16; Ov. Fast. 6.567, &c.) According to a passage in Plutarch (Plut. Sert. 12), Didius was beaten and slain, ten years later, by Sertorius in Spain, but the reading in that passage is wrong, and instead of *Di/dion, or as some read it *Fi/dion, we ought to read *Foufi/dion. (Ruhnken, ad Vell. Pat. 2.16.) There is a coin figured on p. 602b., which refers to our T. Didius : the reverse shews a portico with a double row of pillars, and bears the inscription T. D
have proposed to change the name in Gellius into Fannius, Augurinus, or Favonius; but as all the MSS. agree in Favorinus, it would be arbitrary to make any such alteration, and we must acquiesce in what we learn from Gellius. As for the lex Licinia here spoken of, Macrobius (2.13), in enumerating the sumptuary laws, mentions one which was carried by P. Licinius Crassus Dives, and which is, in all probability, the one which was supported by Favorinus. The exact year in which this law was promulgated is uncertain; some assign it to the censorship of Licinius Crassus, B. C. 89, others to his consulship in B. C. 97, and others, again, to his tribuneship, B. C. 110, or his praetorship, B. C. 104. The poet Lucilius is known to have mentioned this law in his Satires; and as that poet died in B. C. 103, it is at any rate clear that the law must have been carried previous to the consulship of Licinins Crassus, i. e. previous to B. C. 97. (H. Meyer, Fragm. Orat. Rom. p. 207, &c., 2d edit.) [L.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), A. ? Gabi'nius (search)
A. ? Gabi'nius 3. A.? GABINIUS, was legatus in the Social War, and, in B. C. 89, after a successful campaign against the Marsi and Lucani, lost his life in a blockade of the enemy's camp. (Liv. Epit. 76 ; Flor. 3.18.13; Oros. 5.18, calls him Caius.)