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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Metellus (search)
Metellus 21. Q. Metellus Metellus Nepos, Q. F. Q. N., brother of the preceding, and son of the elder Nepos [No. 16]. In B. C. 67 he served as legate of Pompey in the war against the pirates, and was still with him in Asia in B. C. 64. In B. C. 63 he returned to Rome, in order to become a candidate for the tribunate, that he might thereby favour the views of Pompey. The aristocracy, who now dreaded Pompey more than any one else in the state, were in the utmost consternation. They brought forward M. Cato as a rival candidate, and succeeded in carrying his election, but were unable to prevent the election of Metellus likewise. Metellus entered upon his office on the 10th of December, B. C. 63, and commenced his official career by a violent attack upon Cicero, whom he looked upon as the main support of the existing order of things. He openly asserted that he who had condemned Roman citizens without a hearing ought not to be heard himself, and accordingly prevented Cicero from addressing t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mithrida'tes (search)
he Great, he was generally looked upon as in reality the son of that monarch. To this supposition the king himself lent some countenance by the care he bestowed on his education, having taken him into his own court and camp, where the young man was trained in all kinds of military exercises and studies. (Strab. xiii. p.625; Hirt. de B. Alex. 78.) His natural abilities, united to his illustrious birth, raised him to a high place in the estimation of his countrymen, and he appears as early as B. C. 64 to have exercised the chief control over the affairs of his native city. (Cic. pro Flacc. 7; Schol. Bob. ad loc.) At a subsequent period he was fortunate enough to obtain the favour and even personal friendship of Caesar, who, at the commencement of the Alexandrian war (B. C. 48), sent him into Syria and Cilicia to raise auxiliary forces. This service he performed with zeal and alacrity, and having assembled a large body of troops advanced by land upon Egypt, and by a sudden attack made him
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mure'na (search)
and was one of ten commissioners who were sent out to settle affairs in the countries conquered by Lucullus. (Cic. Att. 13.6.) In B. C. 65, was praetor with Serv. Sulpicius, and had the jurisdictio, while Sulpicius had the unpopular function of presiding at the quaestio peculatus (Cic. pro Muren. 20). Murena expended considerable sums on the public exhibitions (ludi Apollinares), which he had to superintend during his office. (Plin. Nat. 33.3; Cic. pro Muren. 18, 19.) After his praetorship (B. C. 64) he was propraetor of Gallia Cisalpina, where his brother Caius served under him, and he settled the disputes between debtor and creditor in a satisfactory and equitable way, as Cicero says. In B. C. 63 he was a candidate for the consulship, and was elected with D. Junius Silanus. Serv. Sulpicius, an unsuccessful candidate, instituted a prosecution against Murena for bribery (ambitus), and he was supported in the matter by M. Porcius Cato, Cn. Postumius, and Serv. Sulpicius the younger (P
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Oxathres (search)
Oxathres 5. A son of Mithridates the Great, who was taken prisoner in the insurrection of the citizens of Phanagoria, B. C. 64. He was afterwards given up to Pompey, by whom he was led captive in his triumph at Rome. (Appian, App. Mith. 108, 117.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
produce a still greater impression upon their minds he brought before them a Roman citizen whom Verres had scourged. (Cic. in Verr. 1.47, 2.41; Schol. Gronov. in Cic. Verr. p. 386.) Such steady opposition, united with a humble origin, made him a special object of hatred to the aristocracy; and accordingly when he became a candidate for the consulship in B. C. 67, the consul Piso, who presided at the comitia, positively refused to announce his name if he should be elected (V. Max. 3.8.3). In B. C. 64, it was expected that he would again come forward as a candidate (Cic. Att. 1.1); but though he seems to have been very popular, he had not distinguished himself sufficiently to counterbalance his lowly birth, and to overcome the formidable opposition of the aristocracy. The last time he is mentioned is in B. C. 60, when he is said to have been abusing almost every day the consul Afranius (ad Att. 1.18). His powers as an orator are perhaps somewhat unduly depreciated through party-hatred: C
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pompeius Magnus or Pompeius the Great or Cn. Pompeius (search)
ain that his favourite wife or concubine, Stratonice, surrendered to the Roman general one of the strongest fortresses of the king, which had been entrusted to her care, together with valuable treasures and private documents. Pompey now reduced Pontus to the form of a Roman province, without waiting for any commissioners from the senate; and he ordered his fleet to cruise in the Euxine, and seize all vessels that attempted to carry provisions to the king in the Bosporus. In the spring of B. C. 64 Pompey left his winterquarters in Pontus, and set out for Syria. In his march he passed the field of battle near Zela, where Valerius Triarius, the legate of Lucullus, had been defeated by Mithridates three years before, with a loss of more than 7000 men. Pompey collected their bones which still lay upon the field, and buried them with due honours. On his arrival in Syria he deposed Antiochus Asiaticus [ANTIOCHUS XIII.], whom Lucullus had allowed to take possession of the throne, after the
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ptolemaeus (search)
Ptolemaeus *Ptolemai=os), tetrarch of CHALCIS in Syria, the son of Mennaeus. He appears to have held the cities of Heliopolis and Chalcis as well as the mountain district of Ituraea, from whence he was in the habit of infesting Damascus and the more wealthy parts of Coele-Syria with predatory incursions. These Alexan. dra, queen of Judaea, endeavoured to repress by sending against him her son Aristobulus with an army, but without much success. Subsequently, when Pompey came into Syria, B. C. 64, Ptolemy was summoned to answer for his misdeeds, but was able to purchase impunity from the conqueror with a sum of a thousand talents. In B. C. 49, when Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, was put to death at Antioch by the partisans of Pompey, Ptolemy afforded shelter and protection to the brothers and sisters of the deceased prince, and his son Philippion at first married one of the fugitive princesses, Alexandra : but, afterwards, Ptolemy becoming enamoured of her himself, put Philippion to
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
hip by the favour of the people, but who now exhibited unequivocal signs of having deserted his former friends and united himself to the aristocracy. The latter would expect their new champion, as consul, to show the sincerity of his conversion by opposing the popular measure with all the powers of his oratory; and thus he would of necessity lose much of the influence which he still possessed with the people. Rullus entered upon his office with the other tribunes on the 10th of December, B. C. 64, and immediately brought forward his agrarian law, in order that the people might vote upon it in the following January. Cicero, who entered upon his consulship on the 1st of January, B. C. 63, lost no time in showing his zeal for his new party, and accordingly on the first day of the year opposed the law in the senate in the first of the orations which have come down to us. But as his eloquence did not deter Rullus from persevering in his design, Cicero addressed the people a few days afte
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
f law, from which there are four excerpts in the Digest (Dig. 41. tit. 1. s. 64; 43. tit. 20. s. 8; 50. tit. 16. s. 241; and tit. 17. s. 73). This is the oldest work from which there are any excerpts in the Digest, and even these may have been taken at second-hand. The work on the Jus Civile was commented on by Servius Sulpicius, Laelius Felix (Gel. 15.27), Pomponius, and Modestinus. The chief hearer (auditor) of Scaevola was C. Aquilius Gallus, the colleague of Cicero in the praetorship (B. C. 64). Cicero himself, a diligent attendant on Scaevola, was not, and did not profess to be a jurist. As pontifex maximus Scaevola must also have been skilled in the Jus Pontificium, and Cicero refers to him as his authority on these matters (de Leg. 2.20). The Cautio Muciana, which is mentioned in the Digest, was devised by this Scaevola. It was a cautio, or security, originally applied to the case of certain conditional legacies; but afterwards to cases when a heres was instituted sub conditio
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
ldest son of the preceding, and stepson of the dictator Sulla, whom his mother Caecilia married after the death of his father, as has been already remarked. In the third Mithridatic war he served under Pompey as quaestor. The latter sent to him to Damascus with an army, and from thence he marched into Judaea, to settle the disputes between the brothers Hyrcanus and Aristobulus. Both of them offered him large sums of money; but he decided for Aristobulus, probably because he bid the highest, B. C. 64. After driving Hyrcanus out of Judaea, Scaurus returned to Damascus. Upon Pompey's arrival at this city in the following year, an accusation was brought against Scaurus of having been bribed by Aristobulus; but though Pompey reversed his decision, and placed Hyrcanus upon the throne, he took no notice of the charges, and left Scaurus in the command of Syria with two legions. Scaurus remained in Syria till B. C. 59, when he was succeeded by L. Marcius Philippus. During his government of Syri
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