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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Capitoli'nus, Sp. Tarpe'ius Monta'nus consul in B. C. 454 with A. Aternius Varus. A lex de multae sacramento which was carried in his consulship, is mentioned by Festus (s. v. peculatus, comp. Cic. de Re Publ. 2.35; Liv. 3.31; Dionys. A. R. 10.48, 50). After the close of their office both consuls were accused by a tribune of the people for having sold the booty which they had made in the war against the Aequians, and giving the proceeds to the aerarium instead of distributing it among the soldiers. Both were condemned notwithstanding the violent opposition of the senate. In B. C. 449, when the Roman army advanced towards Rome to revenge the murder of Virginia, and had taken possession of the Aventine, Sp. Tarpeius was one of the two ambassadors whom the senate sent to the revolted army to remonstrate with then. In the year following, he and A. Aternius, though both were patricians, were elected tribunes of the plebs by the cooptation of the college to support the senate in its opposi
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ci'cero (search)
Ci'cero *kike/rwn, the name of a family, little distinguished in history, belonging to the plebeian Claudia gens, the only member of which mentioned is C. Claudius Cicero, tribune of the plebs in B. C. 454. (Liv. 3.31.) The word seems to be connected with cicer, and may have been originally applied by way of distinction to some individual celebrated for his skill in raising that kind of pulse, by whom the epithet would be transmitted to his descendants. Thus the designation will be precisely analogous to Bulbus, Fabius, Lentulus, Piso, Tubero, and the like. [W.R]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Crati'nus (search)
nd there are a few other fragments which evidently belong to an earlier period than the 85th Olympiad. Again, Crates the comic poet acted the plays of Cratinus before he began to write himself ; but Crates began to write in B. C. 449-448. We can therefore have no hesitation in preferring the date of Eusebius (Chron. s. a. Ol. 81. 3; Syncell. p. 339), although he is manifestly wrong in joining the name of Plato with that of Cratinus. According to this testimony, Cratinus began to exhibit in B. C. 454-453, in about the 66th year of his age. Of his personal history very little is known. His father's name was Callimedes, and he himself was taxiarch of the *Fulh/ *Oi)nh/i+s. (Suid. s. vv. *Krati=nos, *)Ereiou= deilo/teros.) In the latter passage he is charged with excessive cowardice. Of the charges which Suidas brings against the moral character of Cratinus, one is unsupported by any other testimony, though, if it had been true, it is not likely that Aristophanes would have been silent
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Fontina'lis (search)
Fontina'lis an agnomen of A. Aternius, consul in B. C. 454. [ATERNIUS.]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
to attend a foreign prince. However, the date of B. C. 437 is the less probable because it would not only extend the reign of his father Alexander to more than sixty years, but would also suppose him to have lived seventy years after a period at which he was already grown up to manhood. For these reasons Mr. Clinton (F. Hell. 2.222) agrees with Dodwell in supposing the longer periods assigned to his reign to be nearer the truth; and assumes the accession of Perdiccas to have fallen within B. C. 454, at which time Hippocrates was only six years old. This celebrated story has been told, with more or less variation, of Erasistratus and Avicenna, besides being interwoven in the romance of Heliodorus (Aethiop. iv. 7. p. 171), and the love-letters of Aristaenetus (Epist. 1.13). Galen also says that a similar circumstance happened to himself. (De Praenot. ad Epig. 100.6. vol. xiv. p. 630.) The story as applied to Avicenna seems to be most probably apocryphal (see Biogr. Dict. of the Usef. K
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Julus (search)
le he marched against the Aequians and Volscians. (Liv. 4.26, 27; Diod. 12.64, who places the dictatorship in the preceding year.) In the following year, B. C. 430, L. Julius (erroneously called by Cicero C. Julius) was consul with C. Papirius Crassus. Having learnt from the treachery of one of the tribunes, that the latter intended to bring forward a law which was much wished for by the people, imposing a pecuniary fine instead of the one in cattle, which had been fixed by the Aternia Tarpeia lex., B. C. 454, the consuls anticipated their purpose, and proposed a law by which a small sum of money was to be paid in place of each head of cattle (multarum aestimatio). This law was occasioned, according to Cicero, by the censors, L. Papirius and P. Pinarius, having, through the infliction of fines, deprived private persons of an immense quantity of cattle, and brought them into the possession of the state. (Liv. 4.30; Diod. 12.72; Cic. de Rep. 2.35; Niebuhr, Rom. List. vol. ii. note 690.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pericles (search)
t learn distinctly what part he took in the movements which ensued. The expedition to Egypt he disapproved of; and through his whole career he showed himself averse to those ambitious schemes of foreign conquest which the Athenians were fond of cherishing; and at a later period effectually withstood the dreams of conquest in Sicily, Etruria. and Carthage, which, in consequence of the progress of Greek settlements in the West, some of the more enterprising Athenians had begun to cherish. In B. C. 454, after the failure of the expedition to Thessaly, Pericles led an armament which embarked at Pegae, and invaded the territory of Sicyon, routing those of the Sicyonians who opposed him. Then, taking with him some Achaean troops, he proceeded to Acarnania, and besieged Oeniadae, though without success (Thuc. 1.111). It was probably after these events (Thirlwall, Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 34), that the recal of Cimon took place. If there was some want of generosity in his ostracism, Peri
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phei'dias (search)
to observe the principle on which the dates are generally chosen by Pliny, namely, with reference to some important epoch of Greek history. Thus the 84th Olympiad (B. C. 444-440), at which he places Pheidias, is evidently chosen because the first year of that Olympiad was the date at which Pericles began to have the sole administration of Athens * The vagueness of pliny's dates is further shown by his appending the words "rciter CCC. nostrae Urbis anno," which give a date ten years higher, B. C. 454. This, however, cannot be very far from the date at which pheidias began to work. (Clinton, Fast. Hell. s.a. 444). The date of Pliny determines, therefore, nothing as to the age of Pheidias at this time, nor as to the period over which his artistic life extended. Nevertheless, it seems to us that this coincidence of the period, during which the artist executed his greatest works, with the administration of Pericles, furnishes the best clue to the solution of the difficulty. It forbids us t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Plato (search)
Plato （*Pla/twn), one of the chief Athenian comic poets of the Old Comedy, was contemporary with Aristophanes, Phrynichus, Eupolis, and Pherecrates. (Suid. s. v.) He is erroneously placed by Eusebius (Chron.) and Syncellus (p. 247d.) as contemporary with Cratinus, at Ol. 81. 3, B. C. 454 ; whereas, his first exhibition was in Ol. 88, B. C. 427, as we learn from Cyril (ad v. Julian. i. p. 13b.), whose testimony is confirmed by the above statement of Suidas, and by the fact that the comedies of Plato evidently partook somewhat of the character of the Middle Comedy, to which, in fact, some of the grammarians assign him. He is mentioned by Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. p. xi. Bekker) as contemporary with Thucydides, who died in Ol. 97. 2, B. C. 391; but Plato must have lived a few years longer, as Plutarch quotes from him a passage which evidently refers to the appointment of the demagogue Agyrrhius as general of the army of Lesbos in Ol. 97. 3. (Plut. de Repub. gerend. p. 801b.) The period, t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sici'nius (search)
e manuscripts and editions of several ancient authors, is called by A. Gellius and others the Roman Achilles. He is said to have fought in a hundred and twenty battles, to have slain eight of the enemy in single combat, to have received forty-five wounds on the front of his body, the scars of which remained, to have earned honorary rewards innumerable, and to have accompanied the triumphs of nine generals, whose victories were principally owing to his valour. He was tribune of the plebs in B. C. 454, in which year he brought to trial before the people T. Romilius, the consul of the preceding year, and procured his condemnation. After the defeat of the Romans in the campaign against the Sabines, in the second decemvirate, B. C. 450, since the troops were discontented with the government, and therefore did not fight with their usual valour, Sicinius endeavored to persuade them to secede to the Sacred Mount, as their forefathers had done. His death was accordingly resolved upon by the de
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