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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Apha'reus (search)
of the rhetorician Hippias and Plathane. After the death of his father, his mother married the orator Isocrates, who adopted Aphareus as his son. He was trained in the school of Isocrates, and is said to have written judicial and deliberative speeches (lo/goi dikanikoi\ kai\ sumbouleutikoi/). An oration of the former kind, of which we know only the name, was written and spoken by Aphareus on behalf of Isocrates against Megacleides. (Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. 839 ; Dionys. Isocr. 18, Dinarch. 13; Eudoc. p. 67 ; Suid. s.v. Phot. Bibl. 260.) According to Plutarch, Aphareus wrote thirty-seven tragedies, but the authorship of two of them was a matter of dispute. He began his career as a tragic writer in B. C. 369, and continued it till B. C. 342. He gained four prizes in tragedy, two at the Dionysia and two at the Lenaea. His tragedies formed tetralogies, i. e. four were performed at a time and formed a didascalia; but no fragments, not even a title of any of them, have come down to us. [L.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Aventinensis (search)
Aventinensis 3. L. GENUCIUS (AVENTINENSIS), tribune of the plebs, B. C. 342, probably belonged to this family. He brought forward a law for the abolition of usury, and was probably the author of many of the other reforms in the same year mentioned by Livy. (7.42.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Corvus (search)
lds of those who had been slain or had fled, and a hundred and seventy standards are said to have been piled up before the consul. His triumph on his return to Rome was the most brilliant that the Romans had yet seen. Corvus gained these two great victories in his twenty-ninth year, and he is another instance of the fact which we so frequently find in history, that the greatest military talents are mostly developed at an early age. (Liv. 7.28-39; Appian, Samn. 1.) In the year following, B. C. 342, Corvus was appointed dictator in consequence of the mutiny of the army. The legions stationed at Capua and the surrounding Campanian towns had openly rebelled, marched against Rome, and pitched their camp within eight miles of the city. Here they were met by Corvus at the head of an army; but before proceeding to use force, he offered them peace. This was accepted by the soldiers, who could place implicit confidence in their favourite general and a member likewise of the Valerian house. T
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Demo'sthenes (search)
energetic demonstration of the Athenians under Diopeithes. The complaints which Philip then made roused Demosthenes, in B. C. 342, to his powerful oration peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerroonh/s/y, and to his third Philippic, in which he describes the king's faion under the name of Hegesippus in 1833. 8. *Peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerrsonh/sw| *Peri\ tw=n e)n *Xerroonh/sw| delivered in B. C. 342. 9. The third Philippic The third Philippic, delivered in B. C. 342. See Vömel, Demosthenis Philip. III. habitant esB. C. 342. See Vömel, Demosthenis Philip. III. habitant esse ante Chersonesiticam, Frankf. 1837; L. Spengel, Ueber die dritte Philip. Rede des Dem., Munich, 1839. 10. The fourth Philippic The fourth Philippic, belongs to B. C. 341, but is thought by nearly all critics to be spurious. See Becker, Philip.t. pro Ctesiph. praestantia, Isenac. 1832. 18. *Peri\ th=s *Parapredbei/as *Peri\ th=s *Parapredbei/as, delivered in B. C. 342. 19. *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn, was spoken in B. C. 355. Edi
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Epicu'rus (search)
Epicu'rus （*)Epi/kouros), a celebrated Greek philosopher and the founder of a philosophical school called after him the Epicurean. He was a son of Neocles and Charestrata, and belonged to the Attic demos of Gargettus, whence he is sometimes simply called the Gargettian. (Cic. Fam. 15.16.) He was born, however, in the island of Samos, in B. C. 342, for his father was one of the Athenian cleruichi, who went to Samos and received lands there. Epicurus spent the first eighteen years of his life at Samos, and then repaired to Athens, in B. C. 323, where Xenocrates was then at the head of the academy, by whom Epicurus is said to have been instructed, though Epicurus himself denied it. (D. L. 10.13; Cic. de Nat. Deor. 1.26.) He did not, however, stay at Athens long, for after the outbreak of the Lamian war lie went to Colophon, where his father was then residing, and engaged in teaching. Epicurus followed the example of his father: he collected pupils and is said to have instructed them in
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Le'ptines (search)
lling the garrison of the younger Dionysius from Rhegium, B. C. 351. Having effected this, they restored the city to nominal independence, but it appears that they continued to occupy it with their mercenaries: and not long afterwards Leptines took advantage of the discontent which had arisen among these, to remove Callippus by assassination. (Diod. 16.45; Plut. Dion. 58.) We know nothing of his subsequent proceedings, nor of the circumstances that led him to quit Rhegium, but it seems probable that he availed himself of the state of confusion in which Sicily then was to make himself master of the two cities of Apollonia and Engyum: at least there is little doubt that the Leptines whom we find established as the tyrant of those cities when Timoleon arrived in Sicily is the same with the associate of Callippus. He was expelled in common with all the other petty tyrants, by Timoleon; but his life was spared, and he was sent into exile at Corinth, B. C. 342. (Diod. 16.72; Plut. Tim. 24.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Menander of ATHENS (search)
shed poet of the New Comedy, was the son of Diopeithes and Hegesistrate, and flourished in the time of the successors of Alexander. He was born in Ol. 109. 3, or B. C. 342-1, which was also the birth-year of Epicurus; only the birth of Menander was probably in the former half of the year, and therefore in B. C. 342, while that of EB. C. 342, while that of Epicurus was in the latter half, B. C. 341. (Suid. s. v.; Clinton, F. H. sub ann.) Strabo also (xiv. p. 526) speaks of Menander and Epicurus as sunefh/bous. His father, Diopeithes, commanded the Athenian forces on the Hellespont in B. C. 342-341, the year of Menander's birth, and was defended by Demosthenes in his oration peri\ tw=nB. C. 342-341, the year of Menander's birth, and was defended by Demosthenes in his oration peri\ tw=n *Xersonh/sw. (Anon. de Com. p. xii.) On this fact the grammarians blunder with their usual felicity, not only making Menander a friend of Demosthenes, which as a boy he may have been, but representing him as inducing Demosthenes to defend his father, in B. C. 341, when he himself was just born, and again placing him among the dica
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Parme'nion (search)
neral, and that was Parmenion. (Plut. Apophth. p. 177c.) Yet the occasions on which his name is specially mentioned during the reign of Philip are not numerous. In B. C. 346 we find him engaged in the siege of Halus in Thessaly (Dem. de F. L. p. 392), and shortly after he was sent by Philip, together with Antipater and Eurylochus, as ambassador to Athens, to obtain the ratification of the proposed peace from the Atienians and their allies. (Id. ib. p. 362; Arg. ad Or. de. F. L. p. 336.) In B. C. 342, while Philip was in Thrace, Parmenion carried on operations in Euboea, where he supported the Macedonian party at Eretria, and subsequently besieged and took the city of Oreus, and put to death Euphraeus, the leader of the opposite faction. (Dem. Phil. iii. p. 126; Athen. 11.508.) When Philip at length began to turn his views seriously towards the conquest of Asia B. C. 336, he sent forward Parmenion and Attalus with an army, to carry on preliminary operations in that country, and secure
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
sus [DIOPEITHES]; and of these questions not one was satisfactorily adjusted, as we may see from the speech (peri\ *(Alonnh/sou) which was delivered in answer to a letter from Philip to the Athenians on the subject of their complaints. Early in B. C. 342 Philip marched into Thrace against Teres and Cersobleptes, and established colonies in the conquered territory. Hostilities ensued between the Macedonians and Diopeithes, the Athenian commander in the Chersonesus, and the remonstrance sent to Auence of which the Athenians appear to have entered into a successful negotiation with the Persian king, for an alliance against Macedonia (Phil. Ep ad Ath. ap. Dem. p. 160; Diod. 16.7.; Paus. 1.29; Arr. Anab. 2.14). The operations in Euboea in B. C. 342 and 341 [CALLIAS; CLEITARCHUS; PARMENION ; PHOCION], as well as the attack of Callias, sanctioned by Athens, against the towns on the bay of Pagasae, brought matters nearer to a crisis, and Philip sent to the Athlenians a letter, yet extant, de
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
h a well appointed army. Their expectations of success were fully realised. The plebeian dictator defeated the Etruscans with great slaughter; but is the senate refused him a triumph, notwithstanding his brilliant victory, he celebrated one by comnand of the people. In B. C. 352 he obtained the consulship a second time with P. Valerius Publicola; and in the following year, B. C. 351, he was the first plebeian censor. He was consul for the third time in B. C. 344 with T. Manlius Torquatus, and for the fourth time in B. C. 342 with Q. Servilius Ahala. In the latter year, which was the second of the Samnite war, Rutilus was stationed in Campania, and there discovered a formidable conspiracy among the Roman troops, which he quelled before it broke out by his wise and prudent measures. (Liv. 7.16, 17, 21, 22, 28, 38, 39.) The son of this Rutilus took the surname of Censorinus, which in the next generation entirely supplanted that of Rutilus, and became the name of the family. [CENSORINUS.]
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