*g*a*l*h*n*o*u *p*e*ri *f*u*si*k*w*n *d*u*n*a*m*e*w*n *A
e)peidh\ to\ me\n ai)sqa/nesqai/ te kai\ kinei=sqai
kata\ proai/resin i)/dia tw=n zw|/wn e)sti/, to\ d'
au)ca/nesqai/ te kai\ tre/fesqai koina\ kai\ toi=s
futoi=s, ei)/h a)\n ta\ me\n pro/tera th=s yuxh=s, ta\ de\
deu/tera th=s fu/sews e)/rga. ei) de/ tis kai\ toi=s
futoi=s yuxh=s metadi/dwsi kai\ diairou/menos au)ta\s
o)noma/zei futikh\n me\n tau/thn, ai)sqhtikh\n de\ th\n
e(te/ran, le/gei me\n ou)d' ou(=tos a)/lla, th=| le/cei d'
ou) pa/nu th=| sunh/qei ke/xrhtai. a)ll' h(mei=s ge
megi/sthn le/cews a)reth\n safh/neian ei)=nai
pepeisme/noi kai\ tau/thn ei)do/tes u(p' ou)deno\s ou(/tws
w(s u(po\ tw=n a)sunh/qwn o)noma/twn diafqeirome/nhn,
w(s toi=s polloi=s e)/qos, ou(/tws o)noma/zontes u(po\ me\n
yuxh=s q' a(/ma kai\ fu/sews ta\ zw=|a dioikei=sqai/
famen, u(po\ de\ fu/sews mo/nhs ta\ futa\ kai\ to/ g'
au)ca/nesqai/ te kai\ tre/fesqai fu/sews e)/rga fame/n,
ou) yuxh=s.
kai\ zhth/somen kata\ to/nde to\n lo/gon, u(po\
ti/nwn gi/gnetai duna/mewn au)ta\ dh\ tau=ta kai\ ei)
dh/ ti a)/llo fu/sews e)/rgon e)sti/n.
a)lla\ pro/tero/n ge diele/sqai te xrh\ kai\
mhnu=sai safw=s e(/kaston tw=n o)noma/twn, oi(=s xrhso/meqa kata\ to/nde to\n lo/gon,
kai\ e)f' o(/ ti fe/romen pra=gma. genh/setai de\ tou=t' eu)qu\s e)/rgwn
fusikw=n didaskali/a su\n tai=s tw=n o)noma/twn
e)chgh/sesin.
o(/tan ou)=n ti sw=ma kata\ mhde\n e)calla/tthtai
tw=n prou+parxo/ntwn, h(suxa/zein au)to/ famen: ei)
d' e)ci/staito/ ph|, kat' e)kei=no kinei=sqai. kai\ toi/nun
e)pei\ polueidw=s e)ci/statai, polueidw=s kai\ kinhqh/setai. kai\ ga\r ei) leuko\n
u(pa/rxon melai/noito
kai\ ei) me/lan leukai/noito, kinei=tai kata\ xro/an,
kai\ ei) gluku\ te/ws u(pa/rxon au)=qis au)sthro\n h)\
e)/mpalin e)c au)sthrou= gluku\ ge/noito, kai\ tou=t' a)\n
kinei=sqai le/goito kata\ to\n xumo/n. a)/mfw de
tau=ta/ te kai\ ta\ proeirhme/na kata\ th\n poio/thta
kinei=sqai lexqh/setai kai\ ou) mo/non ge ta\ kata\
th\n xro/an h)\ to\n xumo\n e)callatto/mena kinei=sqai/
famen, a)lla\ kai\ to\ qermo/teron e)k yuxrote/rou
geno/menon h)\ yuxro/teron e)k qermote/rou kinei=sqai
kai\ tou=to le/gomen, w(/sper ge kai\ ei)/ ti chro\n e)c
u(grou= h)\ u(gro\n e)k chrou= gi/gnoito. koino\n de\ kata\
tou/twn a(pa/ntwn o)/noma fe/romen th\n a)lloi/wsin.
e(/n ti tou=to ge/nos kinh/sews. e(/teron de\ ge/nos
e)pi\ toi=s ta\s xw/ras a)mei/bousi sw/masi kai\ to/pon
e)k to/pou metalla/ttein legome/nois, o)/noma de\ kai\
tou/tw| fora/.
au(=tai me\n ou)=n ai( du/o kinh/seis a(plai= kai\
prw=tai, su/nqetoi d' e)c au)tw=n au)/chsi/s te kai\
fqi/sis, o(/tan e)c e)la/ttono/s ti mei=zon h)\ e)k mei/zonos
e)/latton ge/nhtai fula/tton to\ oi)kei=on ei)=dos. e(/terai
de\ du/o kinh/seis ge/nesis kai\ fqora/, ge/nesis me\n h(
ei)s ou)si/an a)gwgh/, fqora\ d' h( e)nanti/a.
pa/sais de\ tai=s kinh/sesi koino\n e)ca/llacis
tou= prou+pa/rxontos, w(/sper ou)=n kai\ tai=s h(suxi/ais
h( fulakh\ tw=n prou+parxo/ntwn. a)ll' o(/ti me\n
e)calla/ttetai kai\ pro\s th\n o)/yin kai\ pro\s th\n
geu=sin kai\ pro\s th\n a(fh\n ai(=ma gigno/mena ta\
siti/a, sugxwrou=sin: o(/ti de\ kai\ kat' a)lh/qeian,
ou)ke/ti tou=q' o(mologou=sin oi( sofistai/. oi( me\n
ga/r tines au)tw=n a(/panta ta\ toiau=ta tw=n h(mete/rwn
ai)sqh/sewn a)pa/tas tina\s kai\ paragwga\s nomi/zousin a)/llot' a)/llws pasxousw=n,
th=s u(pokeime/nhs ou)si/as mhde\n tou/twn, oi(=s e)ponoma/zetai,
dexome/nhs: oi( de/ tines ei)=nai me\n e)n au)th=| bou/lontai
ta\s poio/thtas, a)metablh/tous de\ kai\ a)tre/ptous
e)c ai)w=nos ei)s ai)w=na kai\ ta\s fainome/nas tau/tas
a)lloiw/seis th=| diakri/sei te kai\ sugkri/sei gi/gnesqai/ fasin w(s *)anacago/ras.
ei) dh\ tou/tous e)ktrapo/menos e)cele/gxoimi, mei=zon
a)/n moi to\ pa/rergon tou= e)/rgou ge/noito. ei) me\n
ga\r ou)k i)/sasin, o(/sa peri\ th=s kaq' o(/lhn th\n
ou)si/an a)lloiw/sews *)aristote/lei te kai\ met'
au)to\n *xrusi/ppw| ge/graptai, parakale/sai xrh\
toi=s e)kei/nwn au)tou\s o(milh=sai gra/mmasin: ei) de\
gignw/skontes e)/peiq' e(ko/ntes ta\ xei/rw pro\ tw=n
beltio/nwn ai(rou=ntai, ma/taia dh/pou kai\ ta\
h(me/tera nomiou=sin. o(/ti de\ kai\ *(ippokra/ths
ou(/tws e)gi/gnwsken *)aristote/lous e)/ti pro/teros w)/n,
e)n e(te/rois h(mi=n a)pode/deiktai. prw=tos ga\r ou(=tos
a(pa/ntwn w(=n i)/smen i)atrw=n te kai\ filoso/fwn a)podeiknu/ein e)pexei/rhse te/ttaras
ei)=nai ta\s pa/sas
drastika\s ei)s a)llh/las poio/thtas, u(f' w(=n gi/gnetai/
te kai\ fqei/retai pa/nq', o(/sa ge/nesi/n te kai\ fqora\n
e)pide/xetai. kai\ me/ntoi kai\ to\ kera/nnusqai di'
a)llh/lwn au)ta\s o(/las di' o(/lwn *(ippokra/ths a(pa/ntwn prw=tos e)/gnw: kai\ ta\s
a)rxa/s ge tw=n a)podei/cewn, w(=n u(/steron *)aristote/lhs metexeiri/sato,
par' e)kei/nw| prw/tw| gegramme/nas e)/stin eu(rei=n.
ei) d' w(/sper ta\s poio/thtas ou(/tw kai\ ta\s ou)si/as
di' o(/lwn kera/nnusqai xrh\ nomi/zein, w(s u(/steron
a)pefh/nato *zh/nwn o( *kittieu/s, ou)x h(gou=mai dei=n
e)/ti peri\ tou/tou kata\ to/nde to\n lo/gon e)pecie/nai.
mo/nhn ga\r ei)s ta\ paro/nta de/omai gignw/skesqai
th\n di' o(/lhs th=s ou)si/as a)lloi/wsin, i(/na mh/ tis
o)stou= kai\ sarko\s kai\ neu/rou kai\ tw=n a)/llwn
e(ka/stou mori/wn oi(onei\ misga/gkeia/n tina tw=| a)/rtw|
nomi/sh| perie/xesqai ka)/peit' e)n tw=| sw/mati diakrino/menon w(s to\ o(mo/fulon
e(/kaston i)e/nai. kai/toi
pro/ ge th=s diakri/sews ai(=ma fai/netai gigno/menos
o( pa=s a)/rtos. ei) gou=n pampo/llw| tis xro/nw| mhde\n
a)/ll' ei)/h siti/on prosfero/menos, ou)de\n h(=tton e)n
tai=s fleyi\n ai(=ma periexo/menon e(/cei. kai\ fanerw=s
tou=to th\n tw=n a)meta/blhta ta\ stoixei=a tiqeme/nwn
e)cele/gxei do/can, w(/sper oi)=mai kai\ tou)/laion ei)s
th\n tou= lu/xnou flo/ga katanalisko/menon a(/pan
kai\ ta\ cu/la pu=r mikro\n u(/steron gigno/mena.
kai/toi to/ g' a)ntile/gein au)toi=s h)rnhsa/mhn, a)ll'
e)pei\ th=s i)atrikh=s u(/lhs h)=n to\ para/deigma kai\
xrh/|zw pro\s to\n paro/nta lo/gon au)tou=, dia\ tou=t'
e)mnhmo/neusa. katalipo/ntes ou)=n, w(s e)/fhn, th\n
pro\s tou/tous a)ntilogi/an, e)no\n toi=s boulome/nois
ta\ tw=n palaiw=n e)kmanqa/nein ka)c w(=n h(mei=s i)di/a|
peri\ au)tw=n e)peske/mmeqa.
to\n e)fech=s lo/gon a(/panta poihso/meqa zhtou=ntes
u(pe\r w(=n e)c a)rxh=s prou)qe/meqa, po/sai te kai\ ti/nes
ei)si\n ai( th=s fu/sews duna/meis kai\ ti/ poiei=n e)/rgon
e(ka/sth pe/fuken. e)/rgon de\ dhlono/ti kalw= to\
gegono\s h)/dh kai\ sumpeplhrwme/non u(po\ th=s e)nergei/as au)tw=n, oi(=on to\ ai(=ma, th\n sa/rka, to\ neu=ron:
e)ne/rgeian de\ th\n drastikh\n o)noma/zw ki/nhsin kai\
th\n tau/ths ai)ti/an du/namin. e)pei\ ga\r e)n tw=| to\
siti/on ai(=ma gi/gnesqai paqhtikh\ me\n h( tou= siti/ou,
drastikh\ d' h( th=s flebo\s gi/gnetai ki/nhsis, w(sau/tws de\ ka)n tw=| metafe/rein
ta\ kw=la kinei= me\n o(
mu=s, kinei=tai de\ ta\ o)sta=, th\n me\n th=s flebo\s kai\
tw=n muw=n ki/nhsin e)ne/rgeian ei)=nai/ fhmi, th\n de\
tw=n siti/wn te kai\ tw=n o)stw=n su/mptwma/ te kai\
pa/qhma: ta\ me\n ga\r a)lloiou=tai, ta\ de\ fe/retai.
th\n me\n ou)=n e)ne/rgeian e)gxwrei= kalei=n kai\ e)/rgon
th=s fu/sews, oi(=on th\n pe/yin, th\n a)na/dosin, th\n
ai(ma/twsin, ou) mh\n to/ g' e)/rgon e)c a(/pantos e)ne/rgeian: h( ga/r toi sa\rc e)/rgon me/n e)sti th=s fu/sews,
ou) mh\n e)ne/rgeia/ ge. dh=lon ou)=n, w(s qa/teron me\n
tw=n o)noma/twn dixw=s le/getai, qa/teron d' ou)/.
e)moi\ me\n ou)=n kai\ h( fle\y kai\ tw=n a)/llwn
a(pa/ntwn e(/kaston dia\ th\n e)k tw=n tetta/rwn poia\n
kra=sin w(di/ pws e)nergei=n dokei=. ei)si\ de/ ge mh\n ou)k
o)li/goi tine\s a)/ndres ou)d' a)/docoi, filo/sofoi/ te
kai\ i)atroi/, tw=| me\n qermw=| kai\ tw=| yuxrw=| to\ dra=n
a)nafe/rontes, u(poba/llontes d' au)toi=s paqhtika\
to\ chro/n te kai\ to\ u(gro/n. kai\ prw=to/s g' *)aristote/lhs ta\s tw=n kata\ me/ros a(pa/ntwn ai)ti/as ei)s
tau/tas a)na/gein peira=tai ta\s a)rxa/s, h)kolou/qhse
d' u(/steron au)tw=| kai\ o( a)po\ th=s stoa=s xoro/s. kai/toi tou/tois me/n, w(s a)\n kai\ au)tw=n tw=n stoixei/wn
th\n ei)s a)/llhla metabolh\n xu/sesi/ te/ tisi kai\
pilh/sesin a)nafe/rousin, eu)/logon h)=n a)rxa\s drastika\s poih/sasqai to\ qermo\n kai\ to\ yuxro/n,
*)aristote/lei d' ou)x ou(/tws, a)lla\ tai=s te/ttarsi
poio/thsin ei)s th\n tw=n stoixei/wn ge/nesin xrwme/nw|
be/ltion h)=n kai\ ta\s tw=n kata\ me/ros ai)ti/as a(pa/sas
ei)s tau/tas a)na/gein. ti/ dh/pot' ou)=n e)n me\n toi=s peri\
gene/sews kai\ fqora=s tai=s te/ttarsi xrh=tai, e)n de\
toi=s metewrologikoi=s kai\ toi=s problh/masi kai\
a)/lloqi pollaxo/qi tai=s du/o mo/nais; ei) me\n ga\r
w(s e)n toi=s zw|/ois te kai\ toi=s futoi=s ma=llon me\n
dra=| to\ qermo\n kai\ to\ yuxro/n, h(=tton de\ to\ zhro\n
kai\ to\ u(gro\n a)pofai/noito tis, i)/sws a)\n e)/xoi kai\
to\n *(ippokra/thn su/myhfon: ei) d' w(sau/tws e)n
a(/pasin, ou)ke/t' oi)=mai sugxwrh/sein tou=to mh\ o(/ti
to\n *(ippokra/thn a)lla\ mhd' au)to\n to\n *)aristote/lhn memnh=sqai/ ge boulo/menon w(=n e)n toi=s peri\
gene/sews kai\ fqora=s ou)x a(plw=s a)lla\ met' a)podei/cews au)to\s h(ma=s e)di/dacen. a)lla\ peri\ me\n
tou/twn ka)n toi=s peri\ kra/sewn, ei)s o(/son i)atrw=|
xrh/simon, e)peskeya/meqa.
h( d' ou)=n du/namis h( e)n tai=s fleyi\n h( ai(matopoihtikh\ prosagoreuome/nh kai\ pa=sa d' a)/llh
du/namis e)n tw=| pro/s ti neno/htai: prw/tws me\n
ga\r th=s e)nergei/as ai)ti/a, h)/dh de\ kai\ tou= e)/rgou
kata\ sumbebhko/s. a)ll' ei)/per h( ai)ti/a pro/s
ti, tou= ga\r u(p' au)th=s genome/nou mo/nou, tw=n d'
a)/llwn ou)deno/s, eu)/dhlon, o(/ti kai\ h( du/namis e)n tw=|
pro/s ti. kai\ me/xri g' a)\n a)gnow=men th\n ou)si/an
th=s e)nergou/shs ai)ti/as, du/namin au)th\n o)noma/zomen,
ei)=nai/ tina le/gontes e)n tai=s fleyi\n ai(matopoihtikh/n, w(sau/tws de\ ka)n th=| koili/a| peptikh\n ka)n th=|
kardi/a| sfugmikh\n kai\ kaq' e(/kaston tw=n a)/llwn
i)di/an tina\ th=s kata\ to\ mo/rion e)nergei/as. ei)/per
ou)=n meqo/dw| me/lloimen e)ceurh/sein, o(po/sai te kai\
o(poi=ai/ tines ai( duna/meis ei)si/n, a)po\ tw=n e)/rgwn
au)tw=n a)rkte/on: e(/kaston ga\r au)tw=n u(po/ tinos
e)nergei/as gi/gnetai kai\ tou/twn e(ka/sths prohgei=tai/
tis ai)ti/a.
e)/rga toi/nun th=s fu/sews e)/ti me\n kuoume/nou te
kai\ diaplattome/nou tou= zw|/ou ta\ su/mpant' e)sti\
tou= sw/matos mo/ria, gennhqe/ntos de\ koino\n e)f'
a(/pasin e)/rgon h( ei)s to\ te/leion e(ka/stw| me/geqos
a)gwgh\ kai\ meta\ tau=q' h( me/xri tou= dunatou=
diamonh/.
e)ne/rgeiai d' e)pi\ trisi\ toi=s ei)rhme/nois e)/rgois
trei=s e)c a)na/gkhs, e)f' e(ka/stw| mi/a, ge/nesi/s te kai\
au)/chsis kai\ qre/yis. a)ll' h( me\n ge/nesis ou)x
a(plh= tis e)ne/rgeia th=s fu/sews, a)ll' e)c a)lloiw/sew/s te kai\ diapla/sew/s e)sti su/nqetos. i(/na me\n
ga\r o)stou=n ge/nhtai kai\ neu=ron kai\ fle\y kai\ tw=n
a)/llwn e(/kaston, a)lloiou=sqai xrh\ th\n u(pobeblhme/nhn ou)si/an, e)c h(=s gi/gnetai to\ zw=|on: i(/na de\ kai\
sxh=ma to\ de/on kai\ qe/sin kai\ koilo/thta/s tinas
kai\ a)pofu/seis kai\ sumfu/seis kai\ ta)=lla ta\
toiau=ta kth/shtai, diapla/ttesqai xrh\ th\n a)lloioume/nhn ou)si/an, h(\n dh\ kai\ u(/lhn tou= zw|/ou kalw=n,
w(s th=s new\s ta\ cu/la kai\ th=s ei)ko/nos to\n khro/n,
ou)k a)\n a(ma/rtois.
h( d' au)/chsis e)pi/dosi/s e)sti kai\ dia/stasis kata\
mh=kos kai\ pla/tos kai\ ba/qos tw=n sterew=n tou=
zw|/ou mori/wn, w(=nper kai\ h( dia/plasis h)=n, h( de\
qre/yis pro/sqesis toi=s au)toi=s a)/neu diasta/sews.
peri\ prw/ths ou)=n th=s gene/sews ei)/pwmen, h(\n e)c
a)lloiw/sew/s q' a(/ma kai\ diapla/sews e)le/gomen
gi/gnesqai.
*katablhqe/ntos dh\ tou= spe/rmatos ei)s th\n
mh/tran ei)s th\n gh=n, ou)de\n ga\r diafe/rei, xro/nois
tioi\n w(risme/nois pa/mpolla suni/statai mo/ria
th=s gennwme/nhs ou)si/as u(gro/thti kai\ chro/thti kai\
yuxro/thti kai\ qermo/thti kai\ toi=s a)/llois a(/pasin,
o(/sa tou/tois e(/petai, diafe/ronta. ta\ d' e(po/mena
gignw/skeis, ei)/per o(/lws e)filoso/fhsa/s ti peri\
gene/sews kai\ fqora=s: ai( loipai\ ga\r tw=n a(ptw=n
o)nomazome/nwn diaforw=n tai=s ei)rhme/nais e(/pontai
prw=tai kai\ ma/lista, meta\ de\ tau/tas ai( geustai/
te kai\ o)sfrhtai\ kai\ o(ratai/. sklhro/ths me\n ou)=n
kai\ malako/ths kai\ glisxro/ths kai\ krauro/ths kai\
koufo/ths kai\ baru/ths kai\ pukno/ths kai\ a)raio/ths
kai\ leio/ths kai\ traxu/ths kai\ paxu/ths kai\ lepto/ths a(ptai\ diaforai\ kai\ ei)/rhtai peri\ pasw=n
*)aristote/lei kalw=s. oi)=sqa de\ dh/pou kai\ ta\s
geusta/s te kai\ o)sfrhta\s kai\ o(rata\s diafora/s.
w(/st', ei) me\n ta\s prw/tas te kai\ stoixeiw/deis
a)lloiwtika\s duna/meis zhtoi/hs, u(gro/ths e)sti\ kai\
chro/ths kai\ yuxro/ths kai\ qermo/ths: ei) de\ ta\s e)k
th=s tou/twn kra/sews genome/nas, tosau=tai kaq'
e(/kaston e)/sontai zw=|on, o(/saper a)\n au)tou= ta\
ai)sqhta\ stoixei=a u(pa/rxh|: kalei=tai d' ai)sqhta\
stoixei=a ta\ o(moiomerh= pa/nta tou= sw/matos mo/ria:
kai\ tau=t' ou)k e)k meqo/dou tino\s a)ll' au)to/pthn
geno/menon e)kmaqei=n xrh\ dia\ tw=n a)natomw=n.
o)stou=n dh\ kai\ xo/ndron kai\ neu=ron kai\ u(me/na
kai\ su/ndesmon kai\ fle/ba kai\ pa/nq' o(/sa toiau=ta
kata\ th\n prw/thn tou= zw|/ou ge/nesin h( fu/sis
a)perga/zetai duna/mei xrwme/nh kaqo/lou me\n
ei)pei=n th=| gennhtikh=| te kai\ a)lloiwtikh=|, kata\
me/ros de\ qermantikh=| te kai\ yuktikh=| kai\ chrantikh=|
kai\ u(grantikh=| kai\ tai=s e)k th=s tou/twn
kra/sews genome/nais, oi(=on o)stopoihtikh=| te kai\
neuropoihtikh=| kai\ xondropoihtikh=|: safhnei/as
ga\r e(/neka kai\ tou/tois toi=s o)no/masi xrhste/on.
e)/sti gou=n kai\ h( i)di/a sa\rc tou= h(/patos e)k
tou/tou tou= ge/nous kai\ h( tou= splhno\s kai\ h( tw=n
nefrw=n kai\ h( tou= pneu/monos kai\ h( th=s kardi/as
ou(/tw de\ kai\ tou= e)gkefa/lou to\ i)/dion sw=ma kai\
th=s gastro\s kai\ tou= stoma/xou kai\ tw=n e)nte/rwn
kai\ tw=n u(sterw=n ai)sqhto\n stoixei=o/n e)stin o(moiomere/s te kai\ a(plou=n kai\ a)su/nqeton: e)a\n ga\r
e)ce/lh|s e(ka/stou tw=n ei)rhme/nwn ta\s a)rthri/as te
kai\ ta\s fle/bas kai\ ta\ neu=ra, to\ u(po/loipon
sw=ma to\ kaq' e(/kaston o)/rganon a(plou=n e)sti kai\
stoixeiw=des w(s pro\s ai)/sqhsin. o(/sa de\ tw=n
toiou/twn o)rga/nwn e)k duoi=n su/gkeitai xitw/nwn
ou)x o(moi/wn me\n a)llh/lois, a(plou= d' e(kate/rou,
tou/twn oi( xitw=ne/s ei)si ta\ stoixei=a kaqa/per th=s
te gastro\s kai\ tou= stoma/xou kai\ tw=n e)nte/rwn
kai\ tw=n a)rthriw=n, kai\ kaq' e(ka/tero/n ge tw=n
xitw/nwn i)/dios h( a)lloiwtikh\ du/namis h( e)k tou=
para\ th=s mhtro\s e)pimhni/ou gennh/sasa to\
mo/rion, w(/ste ta\s kata\ me/ros a)lloiwtika\s duna/meis tosau/tas ei)=nai kaq' e(/kaston zw=|on, o(/saper
a)\n e)/xh| ta\ stoixeiw/dh mo/ria. kai\ me/n ge kai\
ta\s e)nergei/as i)di/as e(ka/stw| tw=n kata\ me/ros
a)nagkai=on u(pa/rxein w(/sper kai\ ta\s xrei/as, oi(=on
kai\ tw=n a)po\ tw=n nefrw=n ei)s th\n ku/stin dihko/ntwn
po/rwn, oi(\ dh\ kai\ ou)rhth=res kalou=ntai. ou(=toi
ga\r ou)/t' a)rthri/ai ei)si/n, o(/ti mh/te sfu/zousi mh/t'
e)k duoi=n xitw/nwn sunesth/kasin, ou)/te fle/bes, o(/ti
mh/q' ai(=ma perie/xousi mh/t' e)/oiken au)tw=n o( xitw\n
kata/ ti tw=| th=s flebo/s: a)lla\ kai\ neu/rwn e)pi\
ple/on a)festh/kasin h)\ tw=n ei)rhme/nwn.
ti/ pot' ou)=n ei)sin; e)rwta=| tis, w(/sper a)nagkai=on
o)\n a(/pan mo/rion h)\ a)rthri/an h)\ fle/ba h)\ neu=ron
u(pa/rxein h)\ e)k tou/twn peple/xqai kai\ mh\ tou=t'
au)to\ to\ nu=n lego/menon, w(s i)/dios e(ka/stw| tw=n kata\
me/ros o)rga/nwn e)sti\n h( ou)si/a. kai\ ga\r kai\ ai(
ku/steis e(ka/terai h(/ te to\ ou)=ron u(podexome/nh kai\
h( th\n canqh\n xolh\n ou) mo/non tw=n a)/llwn a(pa/ntwn
a)lla\ kai\ a)llh/lwn diafe/rousi kai\ oi( ei)s to\ h(=par
a)pofuo/menoi po/roi, kaqa/per sto/maxoi/ tines
a)po\ th=s xolhdo/xou ku/stews, ou)de\n ou)/t' a)rthri/ais
ou)/te fleyi\n ou)/te neu/rois e)oi/kasin. a)lla\ peri\
me\n tou/twn e)pi\ ple/on e)n a)/llois te/ tisi ka)n toi=s
peri\ th=s *(ippokra/tous a)natomh=s ei)/rhtai.
ai( de\ kata\ me/ros a(/pasai duna/meis th=s fu/sews
ai( a)lloiwtikai\ au)th\n me\n th\n ou)si/an tw=n xitw/nwn th=s koili/as kai\ tw=n e)nte/rwn kai\ tw=n u(sterw=n
a)pete/lesan, oi(/ape/r e)sti: th\n de\ su/nqesin au)tw=n
kai\ th\n tw=n e)mfuome/nwn plokh\n kai\ th\n ei)s to\
e)/nteron e)kfusin kai\ th\n th=s e)/ndon koilo/thtos
i)de/an kai\ ta)=ll' o(/sa toiau=ta du/nami/s tis e(te/ra
die/plasen, h(\n diaplastikh\n o)noma/zomen, h(\n dh\
kai\ texnikh\n ei)=nai le/gomen, ma=llon d' a)ri/sthn
kai\ a)/kran te/xnhn kai\ pa/nta tino\s e(/neka poiou=san,
w(s mhde\n a)rgo\n ei)=nai mhde\ peritto\n mhd' o(/lws
ou(/tws e)/xon, w(s du/nasqai be/ltion e(te/rws e)/xein.
a)lla\ tou=to me\n e)n toi=s peri\ xrei/as mori/wn
a)pdei/comen.
*)epi\ de\ th\n au)chtikh\n h)/dh metaba/ntes du/namin
au)to\ tou=q' u(pomnh/swmen prw=ton, w(s u(pa/rxei
me\n kai\ au)th\ toi=s kuoume/nois w(/sper kai\ h( qreptikh/: a)ll' oi)=on u(phre/tide/s tine/s ei)si thnikau=ta
tw=n proeirhme/nwn duna/mewn, ou)k e)n au(tai=s
e)/xousai to\ pa=n ku=ros. e)peida\n de\ to\ te/leion
a)pola/bh| me/geqos to\ zw=|on, e)n tw=| meta\ th\n
a)poku/hsin xro/nw| panti\ me/xri th=s a)kmh=s h( me\n
au)chtikh\ thnikau=ta kratei=: bohqoi\ d' au)th=s kai\
oi(=on u(phre/tides h(/ t' a)lloiwtikh\ du/nami/s e)sti
kai\ h( qreptikh/. ti/ ou)=n to\ i)/dio/n e)sti th=s au)chtikh=s duna/mews; ei)s pa=n me/ros e)ktei=nai ta\
pefuko/ta. kalei=tai d' ou(/tw ta\ sterea\ mo/ria
tou= sw/matos, a)rthri/ai kai\ fle/bes kai\ neu=ra kai\
o)sta= kai\ xo/ndroi kai\ u(me/nes kai\ su/ndesmoi kai\ oi(
xitw=nes a(/pantes, ou(\s stoixeiw/deis te kai\ o(moiomerei=s kai\ a(plou=s o)li/gon e)/mprosqen e)kalou=men.
o(/tw| de\ tro/pw| th\n ei)s pa=n me/ros e)/ktasin i)/sxousin,
e)gw\ fra/sw para/deigma/ ti pro/teron ei)pw\n e(/neka
tou= safou=s.
*ta\s ku/steis tw=n u(w=n labo/ntes oi( pai=des
plhrou=si/ te pneu/matos kai\ tri/bousin e)pi\ th=s
te/fras plhsi/on tou= puro/s, w(s a)leai/nesqai me/n,
bla/ptesqai de\ mhde/n: kai\ pollh/ g' au(/th h(
paidia\ peri/ te th\n *)iwni/an kai\ e)n a)/llois e)/qnesin
ou)k o)li/gois e)sti/n. e)pile/gousi de\ dh\ kai/ tin' e)/ph
tri/bontes e)n me/trw| te/ tini kai\ me/lei kai\ *r(uqmw=|
kai\ e)/sti pa/nta ta\ *r(h/mata tau=ta parake/leusis
th=| ku/stei pro\s th\n au)/chsin. e)peida\n d' i(kanw=s
au)toi=s diateta/sqai dokh=|, pa/lin e)mfusw=si/ te kai\
e)pidiatei/nousi kai\ au)=qis tri/bousi kai\ tou=to
pleona/kis poiou=sin, a)/xris a)\n au)toi=s h( ku/stis
i(kanw=s e)/xein dokh=| th=s au)ch/sews. a)ll' e)n tou/tois
ge toi=s e)/rgois tw=n pai/dwn e)nargw=s, o(/son ei)s
me/geqos e)pidi/dwsin h( e)nto\s eu)ruxwri/a th=s
ku/stews, tosou=ton a)nagkai=on ei)s lepto/thta
kaqairei=sqai to\ sw=ma kai\ ei)/ ge th\n lepto/thta
tau/thn a)natre/fein oi(=oi/ t' h)=san oi( pai=des, o(moi/ws
a)\n th=| fu/sei th\n ku/stin e)k mikra=s mega/lhn
a)peirga/zonto. nuni\ de\ tou=t' au)toi=s e)ndei= to\
e)/rgon ou)de\ kaq' e(/na tro/pon ei)s mi/mhsin
e)ndexo/menon a)xqh=nai mh\ o(/ti toi=s paisi\n a)ll' ou)d' a)/llw|
tini/: mo/nhs ga\r th=s fu/sews i)/dio/n e)stin.
w(/st' h)/dh soi dh=lon, w(s a)nagkai/a toi=s au)canome/nois h( qre/yis. ei) ga\r diatei/noito me/n, a)natre/foito de\ mh/, fantasi/an yeudh= ma=llon, ou)k
au)/chsin a)lhqh= ta\ toiau=ta sw/mata kth/setai.
kai/toi kai\ to\ diatei/nesqai pa/nth mo/nois toi=s u(po\
fu/sews au)canome/nois u(pa/rxei. ta\ ga\r u(f' h(mw=n
diateino/mena sw/mata kata\ mi/an tina\ dia/stasin
tou=to pa/sxonta meiou=tai tai=s loipai=s, ou)d' e)/stin
eu(rei=n ou)de/n, o(\ sunexe\s e)/ti me/non kai\ a)dia/spaston
ei)s ta\s trei=s diasta/seis e)pektei=nai duna/meqa.
mo/nhs ou)=n th=s fu/sews to\ pa/nth diista/nai sunexe\s
e(autw=| me/non e)/ti kai\ th\n a)rxai/an a(/pasan i)de/an
fula/tton to\ sw=ma.
kai\ tou=t' e)/stin h( au)/chsis a)/neu th=s e)pirreou/shs
te kai\ prosplattome/nhs trofh=s mh\ duname/nh
gene/sqai.
kai\ toi/nun o( lo/gos h(/kein e)/oiken o( peri\ th=s
qre/yews, o(\s dh\ loipo/s e)sti kai\ tri/tos w(=n e)c
a)rxh=s prou)qe/meqa. tou= ga\r e)pirre/ontos e)n ei)/dei
trofh=s panti\ mori/w| tou= trefome/nou sw/matos
prosplattome/nou qre/yis me\n h( e)ne/rgeia, qreptikh\
de\ du/namis h( ai)ti/a. a)lloi/wsis me\n dh\ ka)ntau=qa
to\ ge/nos th=s e)nergei/as, a)ll' ou)x oi(/aper h( e)n th=|
gene/sei. e)kei= me\n ga\r ou)k o)\n pro/teron u(/steron
e)ge/neto, kata\ de\ th\n qre/yin tw=| h)/dh gegono/ti
sunecomoiou=tai to\ e)pirre/on kai\ dia\ tou=t' eu)lo/gws
e)kei/nhn me\n th\n a)lloi/wsin ge/nesin, tau/thn d'
e)comoi/wsin w)no/masan.
e)peidh\ de\ peri\ tw=n triw=n duna/mewn th=s fu/sews
au)ta/rkws ei)/rhtai kai\ fai/netai mhdemia=s a)/llhs
prosdei=sqai to\ zw=|on, e)/xon ge kai\ o(/pws au)chqh=|
kai\ o(/pws teleiwqh=| kai\ o(/pws e(/ws plei/stou diafulaxqh=|, do/ceie me\n a)\n i)/sws
i(kanw=s e)/xein o( lo/gos
ou(=tos h)/dh kai\ pa/sas e)chgei=sqai ta\s th=s fu/sews
duna/meis. a)ll' ei)/ tis pa/lin e)nnoh/seien, w(s ou)deno\s
ou)de/pw tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn e)fh/yato,
koili/as le/gw kai\ e)nte/rwn kai\ h(/patos kai\ tw=n
o(moi/wn, ou)d' e)chgh/sato ta\s e)n au)toi=s duna/meis,
au)=qis do/ceien a)\n oi(=on prooi/mio/n ti mo/non ei)rh=sqai
th=s xrhsi/mou didaskali/as. to\ ga\r su/mpan w(=d'
e)/xei. ge/nesis kai\ au)/chsis kai\ qre/yis ta\ prw=ta
kai\ oi(=on kefa/laia tw=n e)/rgwn e)sti\ th=s fu/sews:
w(/ste kai\ ai( tou/twn e)rgastikai\ duna/meis ai(
prw=tai trei=s ei)si kai\ kuriw/tatai: de/ontai d' ei)s
u(phresi/an, w(s h)/dh de/deiktai, kai\ a)llh/lwn kai\
a)/llwn. ti/nwn me\n ou)=n h( gennhtikh/ te kai\ au)chtikh\ de/ontai, ei)/rhtai, ti/nwn d' h( qreptikh/, nu=n
ei)rh/setai.
dokw= ga/r moi dei/cein ta\ peri\ th\n th=s trofh=s
oi)konomi/an o)/rgana/ te kai\ ta\s duna/meis au)tw=n
dia\ tau/thn gegono/ta. e)peidh\ ga\r h( e)ne/rgeia
tau/ths th=s duna/mews e)comoi/wsi/s e)stin, o(moiou=sqai de\ kai\ metaba/llein ei)s a)/llhla pa=si toi=s
ou)=sin a)du/naton, ei) mh/ tina e)/xoi koinwni/an h)/dh
kai\ sugge/neian e)n tai=s poio/thsi, dia\ tou=to
prw=ton me\n ou)k e)k pa/ntwn e)desma/twn pa=n zw=|on
tre/fesqai pe/fuken, e)/peita d' ou)d' e)c w(=n oi(=o/n t'
e)sti\n ou)d' e)k tou/twn paraxrh=ma, kai\ dia\ tau/thn
th\n a)na/gkhn pleio/nwn o)rga/nwn a)lloiwtikw=n th=s
trofh=s e(/kaston tw=n zw|/wn xrh/|zei. i(/na me\n ga\r
to\ canqo\n e)ruqro\n ge/nhtai kai\ to\ e)ruqro\n canqo/n,
a(plh=s kai\ mia=s dei=tai th=s a)lloiw/sews: i(/na de\ to\
leuko\n me/lan kai\ to\ me/lan leuko/n, a(pasw=n tw=n
metacu/. kai\ toi/nun kai\ to\ malakw/taton ou)k a)\n
a)qro/ws sklhro/taton kai\ to\ sklhro/taton ou)k a)\n
a)qro/ws malakw/taton ge/noito, w(/sper ou)de\ to\
duswde/staton eu)wde/staton ou)d' e)/mpalin to\ eu)wde/staton duswde/staton e)cai/fnhs ge/noit' a)/n.
pw=s ou)=n e)c ai(/matos o)stou=n a)/n pote ge/noito mh\
paxunqe/ntos ge pro/teron e)pi\ plei=ston au)tou= kai\
leukanqe/ntos h)\ pw=s e)c a)/rtou to\ ai(=ma mh\ kata\
braxu\ me\n a)poqeme/nou th\n leuko/thta, kata\
braxu\ de\ lamba/nontos th\n e)ruqro/thta; sa/rka
me\n ga\r e)c ai(/matos gene/sqai *r(a=|ston: ei) ga\r ei)s
tosou=ton au)to\ paxu/neien h( fu/sis, w(s su/stasi/n
tina sxei=n kai\ mhke/t' ei)=nai *r(uto/n, h( prw/th kai\
neopagh\s ou(/tws a)\n ei)/h sa/rc: o)stou=n d' i(/na ge/nhtai, pollou= me\n dei=tai xro/nou, pollh=s d' e)rgasi/as
kai\ metabolh=s tw=| ai(/mati. o(/ti de\ kai\ tw=| a)/rtw|
kai\ polu\ ma=llon qridaki/nh| kai\ teu/tlw| kai\ toi=s
o(moi/ois pampo/llhs dei=tai th=s a)lloiw/sews ei)s
ai(/matos ge/nesin, ou)de\ tou=t' a)/dhlon.
*(n me\n dh\ tou=t' ai)/tion tou= polla\ gene/sqai ta\
peri\ th\n th=s trofh=s a)lloi/wsin o)/rgana. deu/teron
d' h( tw=n perittwma/twn fu/sis. w(s ga\r u(po\
botanw=n ou)d' o(/lws duna/meqa tre/fesqai, kai/toi
tw=n boskhma/twn trefome/nwn, ou(/tws u(po\ *r(afani/dos
trefo/meqa me/n, a)ll' ou)x w(s u(po\ tw=n krew=n.
tou/twn me\n ga\r o)li/gou dei=n o(/lwn h( fu/sis h(mw=n
kratei= kai\ metaba/llei kai\ a)lloioi= kai\ xrhsto\n
e)c au)tw=n ai(=ma suni/sthsin: e)n de\ th=| *r(afani/di to\
me\n oi)kei=o/n te kai\ metablhqh=nai duna/menon, mo/gis
kai\ tou=to kai\ su\n pollh=| th=| katergasi/a|, panta/pasin e)la/xiston: o(/lh d' o)li/gou dei=n e)sti perittwmatikh\ kai\ diece/rxetai ta\ th=s pe/yews o)/rgana,
braxe/os e)c au)th=s ei)s ta\s fle/bas a)nalhfqe/ntos
ai(/matos kai\ ou)de\ tou/tou tele/ws xrhstou=. deute/ras ou)=n au)=qis e)de/hse diakri/sews th=| fu/sei tw=n e)n
tai=s fleyi\ perittwma/twn. kai\ xrei/a kai\
tou/tois o(dw=n te/ tinwn e(te/rwn e)pi\ ta\s e)kkri/seis au)ta\
paragousw=n, w(s mh\ lumai/noito toi=s xrhstoi=s,
u(podoxw=n te/ tinwn oi(=on decamenw=n, e)n ai(=s o(/tan
ei)s i(kano\n plh=qos a)fi/khtai, thnikau=t' e)kkriqh/setai.
deu/teron dh/ soi kai\ tou=to to\ ge/nos tw=n e)n tw=|
sw/mati mori/wn e)ceu/rhtai toi=s perittw/masi th=s
trofh=s a)nakei/menon. a)/llo de\ tri/ton u(pe\r tou=
pa/nth fe/resqai, kaqa/per tine\s o(doi\ pollai\ dia\
tou= sw/matos o(/lou katatetmhme/nai.
mi/a me\n ga\r ei)/sodos h( dia\ tou= sto/matos a(/pasi
toi=s siti/ois, ou)x e(\n de\ to\ trefo/menon a)lla\
pa/mpolla/ te kai\ pa/mpolu diestw=ta. mh\ toi/nun
qau/maze to\ plh=qos tw=n o)rga/nwn, o(/sa qre/yews
e(/neken h( fu/sis e)dhmiou/rghse. ta\ me\n ga\r a)lloiou=nta
proparaskeua/zei th\n e)pith/deion e(ka/stw|
mori/w| trofh/n, ta\ de\ diakri/nei ta\ perittw/mata,
ta\ de\ parape/mpei, ta\ d' u(pode/xetai, ta\ d'
e)kkri/nei, ta\ d' o(doi\ th=s pa/nth fora=s ei)si tw=n
xrhstw=n xumw=n, w(/st', ei)/per bou/lei ta\s duna/meis
th=s fu/sews a(pa/sas e)kmaqei=n, u(pe\r e(ka/stou
tou/twn a)\n ei)/h soi tw=n o)rga/nwn e)piskepte/on.
*)arxh\ d' au)tw=n th=s didaskali/as, o(/sa tou=
te/lous e)ggu\s e)/rga te th=s fu/sew/s e)sti kai\ mo/ria
kai\ duna/meis au)tw=n.
au)tou= de\ dh\ pa/lin a)namnhste/on h(mi=n tou=
te/lous, ou(=per e(/neka tosau=ta/ te kai\ toiau=ta th=|
fu/sei dedhmiou/rghtai mo/ria. to\ me\n ou)=n o)/noma
tou= pra/gmatos, w(/sper kai\ pro/teron ei)/rhtai,
qre/yis: o( de\ kata\ tou)/noma lo/gos o(moi/wsis tou=
tre/fontos tw=| trefome/nw|. i(/na d' au(/th ge/nhtai,
prohgh/sasqai xrh\ pro/sfusin, i(/na d' e)kei/nh,
pro/sqesin. e)peida\n ga\r e)kpe/sh| tw=n a)ggei/wn
o( me/llwn qre/yein o(tiou=n tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn
xumo/s, ei)s a(/pan au)to\ diaspei/retai prw=ton,
e)/peita prosti/qetai ka)/peita prosfu/etai kai\
tele/ws o(moiou=tai.
dhlou=si d' ai( kalou/menai leu=kai th\n diafora\n
o(moiw/sew/s te kai\ prosfu/sews, w(/sper to\ ge/nos
e)kei=no tw=n u(de/rwn, o(/ tines o)noma/zousin a)na\
sa/rka, diori/zei safw=s pro/sqesin prosfu/sews.
ou) ga\r e)ndei/a| dh/pou th=s e)pirreou/shs u(gro/thtos,
w(s e)/niai tw=n a)trofiw=n te kai\ fqi/sewn, h( tou=
toiou/tou ge/nesis u(de/rou suntelei=tai. fai/netai
ga\r i(kanw=s h(/ te sa\rc u(gra\ kai\ dia/broxos
e(/kasto/n te tw=n sterew=n tou= sw/matos mori/wn
w(sau/tws diakei/menon. a)lla\ pro/sqesis me/n tis
gi/gnetai th=s e)piferome/nhs trofh=s, a(/te d' u(datwdeste/ras ou)/shs e)/ti kai\ mh\ pa/nu ti kexumwme/nhs
mhde\ to\ gli/sxron e)kei=no kai\ kollw=des, o(\ dh\
th=s e)mfu/tou qermasi/as oi)konomi/a| prosgi/gnetai,
kekthme/nhs h( pro/sfusis a)du/nato/s e)stin e)pitelei=sqai plh/qei lepth=s u(gro/thtos a)pe/ptou
diarreou/shs te kai\ *r(a|di/ws o)lisqainou/shs a)po\
tw=n sterew=n tou= swmatos mori/wn th=s trofh=s.
e)n de\ tai=s leu/kais pro/sfusis me/n tis gi/gnetai
th=s trofh=s, ou) mh\n e)comoi/wsi/s ge. kai\ dh=lon e)n
tw=|de to\ mikrw=| pro/sqen *r(hqe\n w(s o)rqw=s e)le/geto
to\ dei=n pro/sqesin me\n prw=ton, e)fech=s de\ pro/sfu/sin, e)/peit' e)comoi/wsin gene/sqai tw=| me/llonti
tre/fesqai.
kuri/ws me\n ou)=n to\ tre/fon h)/dh trofh/, to\ d' oi(=on
me\n trofh/, ou)/pw de\ tre/fon, o(poi=o/n e)sti to\
prosfuo/menon h)\ prostiqe/menon, trofh\ me\n ou)
kuri/ws, o(mwnu/mws de\ trofh/: to\ d' e)n tai=s fleyi\n
e)/ti periexo/menon kai\ tou/tou ma=llon e)/ti to\ kata\
th\n gaste/ra tw=| me/llein pote\ qre/yein, ei) kalw=s
katergasqei/h, ke/klhtai trofh/. kata\ tau)ta\ de\
kai\ tw=n e)desma/twn e(/kaston trofh\n o)noma/zomen
ou)/te tw=| tre/fein h)/dh to\ zw=|on ou)/te tw=| toiou=ton
u(pa/rxein oi(=on to\ tre/fon, a)lla\ tw=| du/nasqai/ te
kai\ me/llein tre/fein, ei) kalw=s katergasqei/h.
tou=to ga\r h)=n kai\ to\ pro\s *(ippokra/tous
lego/menon: "*trofh\ de\ to\ tre/fon, trofh\ kai\ to\
oi(=on trofh\ kai\ to\ me/llon." to\ me\n ga\r o(moiou/enon h)/dh trofh\n w)no/mase, to\ d' oi(=on me\n e)kei=no
prostiqe/menon h)\ prosfno/menon oi(=on trofh/n: to\
d' a)/llo pa=n, o(/son e)n th=| gastri\ kai\ tai=s fleyi\
perie/xetai, me/llon.
*(oti me\n ou)=n a)nagkai=on o(moi/wsi/n tin: ei)=nai tou=
tre/fontos tw=| trefome/nw| th\n qre/yin, a)/ntikrus
dh=lon. ou) mh\n u(pa/rxousa/n ge tau/thn th\n o(moi/wsin, a)lla\ fainome/nhn mo/non ei)=nai/ fasin oi( mh/te
texnikh\n oi)o/menoi th\n fu/sin ei)=nai mh/te pronohtikh\n tou= zw|/ou mh/q' o(/lws tina\s oi)kei/as e)/xein
duna/meis, ai(=s xrwme/nh ta\ me\n a)lloioi=, ta\ d'
e(/lkei, ta\ d' e)kkri/nei.
kai\ au(=tai du/o gego/nasin ai(re/seis kata\ ge/nos
e)n i)atrikh=| te kai\ filosofi/a| tw=n a)pofhname/nwn
ti peri\ fu/sews a)ndrw=n, o(/soi g' au)tw=n gignw/skousin,
o(/ ti le/gousi, kai\ th\n a)kolouqi/an w(=n
u(pe/qento qewrou=si q' a(/ma kai\ diafula/ttousin.
o(/soi de\ mhd' au)to\ tou=to sunia=sin, a)ll' a(plw=s,
o(/ ti a)\n e)pi\ glw=ttan e)/lqh|, lhrou=sin, e)n ou)dete/ra|
tw=n ai(re/sewn a)kribw=s katame/nontes, ou)de\ memnh=sqai tw=n toiou/twn prosh/kei.
ti/nes ou)=n ai( du/o ai(re/seis au(=tai kai\ ti/s h( tw=n
e)n au)tai=s u(poqe/sewn a)kolouqi/a; th\n u(pobeblhme/nhn ou)si/an gene/sei kai\ fqora=| pa=san h(nwme/nhn
q' a(/ma kai\ a)lloiou=sqai duname/nhn u(pe/qeto
qa/teron ge/nos th=s ai(re/sews, a)meta/blhton de\ kai\
a)nalloi/wton kai\ katatetmhme/nhn ei)s lepta\ kai\
kenai=s tai=s metacu\ xw/rais dieilhmme/nhn h( loiph/.
kai\ toi/nun o(/soi ge th=s a)kolouqi/as tw=n u(poqe/sewn
ai)sqa/nontai, kata\ me\n th\n deute/ran
ai(/resin ou)/te fu/sews ou)/te yuxh=s i)di/an tina\ nomi/zousin
ou)si/an h)\ du/namin u(pa/rxein, a)ll' e)n th=|
poia=| suno/dw| tw=n prw/twn e)kei/nwn swma/twn tw=n
a)paqw=n a)potelei=sqai. kata\ de\ th\n prote/ran
ei)rhme/nhn ai(/resin ou)x u(ste/ra tw=n swma/twn h(
fu/sis, a)lla\ polu\ prote/ra te kai\ presbute/ra.
kai\ toi/nun kata\ me\n tou/tous au(/th ta\ sw/mata
tw=n te futw=n kai\ tw=n zw|/wn suni/sthsi duna/meis
tina\s e)/xousa ta\s me\n e(lktika/s q' a(/ma kai\
o(moiwtika\s tw=n oi)kei/wn, ta\s d' a)pokritika\s tw=n
a)llotri/wn, kai\ texnikw=s a(/panta diapla/ttei te
gennw=sa kai\ pronoei=tai tw=n gennwme/nwn e(te/rais
au)=qi/s tisi duna/mesi, sterktikh=| me/n tini kai\
pronohtikh=| tw=n e)ggo/nwn, koinwnikh=| de\ kai\ filikh=|
tw=n o(mogenw=n. kata\ d' au)= tou\s e(te/rous ou)/te
tou/twn ou)de\n u(pa/rxei tai=s fu/sesin ou)/t' e)/nnoia/
ti/s e)sti th=| yuxh=| su/mfutos e)c a)rxh=s ou)k a)kolouqi/as ou) ma/xhs, ou) diaire/sews ou) sunqe/sews,
ou) dikai/wn ou)k a)di/kwn, ou) kalw=n ou)k ai)sxrw=n,
a)ll' e)c ai)sqh/sew/s te kai\ di' ai)sqh/sews a(/panta
ta\ toiau=q' h(mi=n e)ggi/gnesqai/ fasi kai\ fantasi/ais
tisi\ kai\ mnh/mais oi)aki/zesqai ta\ zw=|a.
*)/enioi d' au)tw=n kai\ *r(htw=s a)pefh/nanto
mhdemi/an ei)=nai th=s yuxh=s du/namin, h(=| logizo/meqa, a)ll'
u(po\ tw=n ai)sqhtw=n a)/gesqai paqw=n h(ma=s kaqa/per
boskh/mata pro\s mhde\n a)naneu=sai mhd' a)nteipei=n
duname/nous. kaq' ou(\s dhlono/ti kai\ a)ndrei/a kai\
fro/nhsis kai\ swfrosu/nh kai\ e)gkra/teia lh=ro/s
e)sti makro\s kai\ filou=men ou)/t' a)llh/lous ou)/te ta\
e)/ggona kai\ toi=s qeoi=s ou)de\n h(mw=n me/lei. katafronou=si de\ kai\ tw=n o)neira/twn kai\ tw=n oi)wnw=n
kai\ tw=n sumbo/lwn kai\ pa/shs a)strologi/as, u(pe\r
w(=n h(mei=s me\n i)di/a| di' e(te/rwn gramma/twn e)pi\ ple/on
e)skeya/meqa peri\ tw=n *)asklhpia/dou tou= i)atrou=
skopou/menoi dogma/twn. e)/nesti de\ toi=s boulome/nois ka)kei/nois me\n o(milh=sai toi=s lo/gois kai\ nu=n
d' h)/dh skopei=n, w(/sper tinw=n duoi=n o(dw=n h(mi=n
prokeime/nwn, o(pote/ran be/ltio/n e)sti tre/pesqai.
*(ippokra/ths me\n ga\r th\n prote/ran *r(hqei=san
e)tra/peto, kaq' h(\n h(/nwtai me\n h( ou)si/a kai\ a)lloiou=tai kai\ su/mpnoun o(/lon e)sti\ kai\ su/rroun to\
sw=ma kai\ h( fu/sis a(/panta texnikw=s kai\ dikai/ws
pra/ttei duna/meis e)/xousa, kaq' a(\s e(/kaston tw=n
mori/wn e(/lkei me\n e)f' e(auto\ to\n oi)kei=on e(autw=|
xumo/n, e(/lcan de\ prosfu/ei te panti\ me/rei tw=n e)n
au(tw=| kai\ tele/ws e)comoioi=, to\ de\ mh\ krathqe\n e)n
tou/tw| mhde\ th\n pantelh= dunhqe\n a)lloi/wsi/n te
kai\ o(moio/thta tou= trefome/nou katade/casqai di'
e(te/ras au)= tinos e)kkritikh=s duna/mews a)potri/betai.
maqei=n d' e)/nestin ou) mo/non e)c w(=n oi( ta)nanti/a
tiqe/menoi diafe/rontai toi=s e)nargw=s fainome/nois,
ei)s o(/son o)rqo/thto/s te kai\ a)lhqei/as h(/kei ta\ *(ippokra/tous do/gmata, a)lla\ ka)c au)tw=n tw=n kata\
me/ros e)n th=| fusikh=| qewri/a| zhtoume/nwn tw=n t'
a)/llwn a(pa/ntwn kai\ tw=n e)n toi=s zw|/ois e)nergeiw=n.
o(/soi ga\r ou)demi/an ou)deni\ mori/w| nomi/zousin u(pa/rxein e(lktikh\n th=s oi)kei/as poio/thtos du/namin,
a)nagka/zontai polla/kis e)nanti/a le/gein toi=s e)nargw=s fainome/nois, w(/sper kai\ *)asklhpia/dhs o(
i)atro\s e)pi\ tw=n nefrw=n e)poi/hsen, ou(\s ou) mo/non
*(ippokra/ths h)\ *dioklh=s h)\ *)erasi/stratos h)\
*pracago/ras h)/ tis a)/llos i)atro\s a)/ristos o)/rgana
diakritika\ tw=n ou)/rwn pepisteu/kasin u(pa/rxein,
a)lla\ kai\ oi( ma/geiroi sxedo\n a(/pantes i)/sasin,
o(shme/rai qew/menoi th/n te qe/sin au)tw=n kai\ to\n
a)f' e(kate/rou po/ron ei)s th\n ku/stin e)mba/llonta,
to\n ou)rhth=ra kalou/menon, e)c au)th=s th=s kataskeuh=s a)nalogizo/menoi th/n te xrei/an au)tw=n kai\
th\n du/namin. kai\ pro/ ge tw=n magei/rwn a(/pantes
a)/nqrwpoi kai\ dusourou=ntes polla/kis kai\ panta/pasin i)sxourou=ntes, o(/tan a)lgw=si me\n ta\ kata\
ta\s yo/as, yammw/dh d' e)courw=sin, nefritikou\s
o)noma/zousi sfa=s au)tou/s.
*)asklhpia/dhn d' oi)=mai mhde\ li/qon ou)rhqe/nta
pote\ qea/sasqai pro\s tw=n ou(/tw pasxo/ntwn mhd'
w(s prohgh/sato kata\ th\n metacu\ tw=n nefrw=n
kai\ th=s ku/stews xw/ran o)du/nh tis o)cei=a dierxome/nou tou= li/qou to\n ou)rhth=ra mhd' w(s ou)rhqe/ntos
au)tou= ta/ te th=s o)du/nhs kai\ ta\ th=s i)sxouri/as
e)pau/sato paraxrh=ma. pw=s ou)=n ei)s th\n ku/stin
tw=| lo/gw| para/gei to\ ou)=ron, a)/cion a)kou=sai kai\
qauma/sai ta)ndro\s th\n sofi/an, o(/s katalipw\n
ou(/tws eu)rei/as o(dou\s e)nargw=s fainome/nas a)fanei=s
kai\ stena\s kai\ panta/pasin a)naisqh/tous u(pe/qeto. bou/letai ga\r ei)s a)tmou\s a)naluo/menon to\
pino/menon u(gro\n ei)s th\n ku/stin diadi/dosqai
ka)/peit' e)c e)kei/nwn au)=qis a)llh/lois sunio/ntwn
ou(/tws a)polamba/nein au)to\ th\n a)rxai/an i)de/an kai\
gi/gnesqai pa/lin u(gro\n e)c a)tmw=n a)texnw=s w(s peri\
spoggia=s tinos h)\ e)ri/ou th=s ku/stews dianoou/menos, a)ll' ou) sw/matos a)kribw=s puknou= kai\
steganou= du/o xitw=nas i)sxurota/tous kekthme/nou,
di' w(=n ei)/per die/rxesqai fh/somen tou\s a)tmou/s, ti/
dh/pot' ou)xi\ dia\ tou= peritonai/ou kai\ tw=n frenw=n
dielqo/ntes e)ne/plhsan u(/datos to/ t' e)piga/strion
a(/pan kai\ to\n qw/raka; a)lla\ paxu/teros, fhsi/n,
e)sti\ dhladh\ kai\ steganw/teros o( perito/naios
xitw\n th=s ku/stews kai\ dia\ tou=t' e)kei=nos me\n
a)poste/gei tou\s a)tmou/s, h( de\ ku/stis parade/xetai.
a)ll' ei)/per a)natetmh/kei pote/, ta/x' a)\n h)pi/stato
to\n me\n e)/cwqen xitw=na th=s ku/stews a)po\ tou=
peritonai/ou pefuko/ta th\n au)th\n e)kei/nw| fu/sin
e)/xein, to\n d' e)/ndoqen to\n au)th=s th=s ku/stews i)/dion
ple/on h)\ dipla/sion e)kei/nou to\ pa/xos u(pa/rxein.
*)all' i)/sws ou)/te to\ pa/xos ou)/q' h( lepto/ths
tw=n xitw/nwn, a)ll' h( qe/sis th=s ku/stews ai)ti/a tou=
fe/resqai tou\s a)tmou\s ei)s au)th/n. kai\ mh\n ei) kai\
dia\ ta)=lla pa/nta piqano\n h)=n au)tou\s e)ntauqoi=
sunaqroi/zesqai, to/ ge th=s qe/sews mo/nhs au)/tarkes
kwlu=sai. ka/tw me\n ga\r h( ku/stis kei=tai, toi=s d'
a)tmoi=s su/mfutos h( pro\s to\ mete/wron fora/, w(/ste
polu\ pro/teron a)\n e)/plhsan a(/panta ta\ kata\ to\n
qw/raka/ te kai\ to\n pneu/mona, pri\n e)pi\ th\n ku/stin
a)fike/sqai.
kai/toi ti/ qe/sews ku/stews kai\ peritonai/ou kai\
qw/rakos mnhmoneu/w; diekpeso/ntes ga\r dh/pou
tou/s te th=s koili/as kai\ tw=n e)nte/rwn xitw=nas oi(
a)tmoi\ kata\ th\n metacu\ xw/ran au)tw=n te tou/twn
kai\ tou= peritonai/ou sunaqroisqh/sontai kai\ u(gro\n
e)ntauqoi= genh/sontai, w(/sper kai\ toi=s u(derikoi=s e)n
tou/tw| tw=| xwri/w| to\ plei=ston a)qroi/zetai tou=
u(/datos, h)\ pa/ntws au)tou\s xrh\ fe/resqai pro/sw
dia\ pa/ntwn tw=n o(pwsou=n o(milou/ntwn kai\ mhde/poq' i(/stasqai. a)ll' ei) kai\ tou=to/ tis u(po/qoito,
diekpeso/ntes a)\n ou(/tws ou) to\ perito/naion mo/non
a)lla\ kai\ to\ e)piga/strion, ei)s to\ perie/xon
skedasqei=en h)\ pa/ntws a)\n u(po\ tw=| de/rmati sunaqroisqei=en.
a)lla\ kai\ pro\s tau=t' a)ntile/gein oi( nu=n
*)asklhpia/deioi peirw=ntai, kai/toi pro\s a(pa/ntwn
a)ei\ tw=n paratugxano/ntwn au)toi=s, o(/tan peri\
tou/twn e)ri/zwsi, katagelw/menoi. ou(/tws a)/ra
dusapo/tripto/n ti kako/n e)stin h( peri\ ta\s ai(re/seis
filotimi/a kai\ duse/knipton e)n toi=s ma/lista kai\
yw/ras a(pa/shs dusiato/teron.
tw=n gou=n kaq' h(ma=s tis sofistw=n ta/ t' a)/lla
kai\ peri\ tou\s e)ristikou\s lo/gous i(kanw=s sugkekrothme/nos kai\ deino\s ei)pei=n, ei)/per tis a)/llos,
a)fiko/menos e)moi/ poq' u(pe\r tou/twn ei)s lo/gous,
tosou=ton a)pe/dei tou= duswpei=sqai pro/s tinos
tw=n ei)rhme/nwn, w(/ste kai\ qauma/zein e)/fasken
e)mou= ta\ safw=s faino/mena lo/gois lhrw/desin
a)natre/pein e)pixeirou=ntos. e)nargw=s ga\r o(shme/rai
qewrei=sqai ta\s ku/steis a(pa/sas, ei)/ tis au)ta\s
e)mplh/seien u(/datos h)\ a)e/ros, ei)=ta dh/sas to\n
tra/xhlon pie/zoi pantaxo/qen, ou)damo/qen meqiei/sas ou)de/n, a)ll' a)kribw=s a(/pan e)nto\s e(autw=n
stegou/sas. kai/toi g' ei)/per h)=sa/n tines e)k tw=n
nefrw=n ei)s au)ta\s h(/kontes ai)sqhtoi\ kai\ mega/loi
po/roi, pa/ntws a)/n, e)/fh, di' e)kei/nwn, w(/sper ei)sh/|ei
to\ u(gro\n ei)s au)ta/s, ou(/tw kai\ qlibo/ntwn
e)cekri/neto. tau=ta kai\ ta\ toiau=t' ei)pw\n e)cai/fnhs
a)ptai/stw| kai\ safei= tw=| sto/mati teleutw=n
a)naphdh/sas a)ph/|ei katalipw\n h(ma=s w(s ou)de\
piqanh=s tinos a)ntilogi/as eu)porh=sai duname/nous.
ou(/tws ou) mo/non u(gie\s ou)de\n i)/sasin oi( tai=s
ai(re/sesi douleu/oites, a)ll' ou)de\ maqei=n u(pome/nousi. de/on ga\r a)kou=sai th\n ai)ti/an, di' h(\n
ei)sie/nai me\n du/natai dia\ tw=n ou)rhth/rwn ei)s th\n
ku/stin to\ u(gro/n, e)cie/nai d' au)=qis o)pi/sw th\n
au)th\n o(do\n ou)ke/q' oi(=o/n te, kai\ qauma/sai th\n
te/xnhn th=s fu/sews, ou)/te maqei=n e)qe/lousi kai\
loidorou=ntai prose/ti ma/thn u(p' au)th=s a)/lla te
polla\ kai\ tou\s nefrou\s gegone/nai fa/skontes.
ei)si\ d' oi(\ kai\ deixqh=nai paro/ntwn au)tw=n tou\s
a)po\ tw=n nefrw=n ei)s th\n ku/stin e)mfuome/nous
ou)rhth=ras u(pomei/nantes e)to/lmhsan ei)pei=n oi( me/n,
o(/ti ma/thn kai\ ou(=toi gego/nasin, oi( d', o(/ti spermatikoi/ tine/s ei)si po/roi kai\ dia\ tou=to kata\ to\n
tra/xhlon au)th=s, ou)k ei)s to\ ku=tos e)mfu/ontai.
dei/cantes ou)=n h(mei=s au)toi=s tou\s w(s a)lhqw=s
spermatikou\s po/rous katwte/rw tw=n ou)rhth/rwn
e)mba/llontas ei)s to\n tra/xhlon, nu=n gou=n, ei) kai\
mh\ pro/teron, w)|h/qhmen a)pa/cein te tw=n yeudw=s
u(peilhmme/nwn e)pi/ te ta)nanti/a metasth/sein
au)ti/ka. oi( de\ kai\ pro\s tou=t' a)ntile/gein e)to/lmwn
ou)de\n ei)=nai qaumasto\n ei)po/ntes, e)n e)kei/nois me\n
w(s a)\n steganwte/rois ou)=sin e)pi\ ple/on u(pome/nein
to\ spe/rma, kata\ de\ tou\s a)po\ tw=n nefrw=n w(s a)\n
i(kanw=s a)neurusme/nous e)krei=n dia\ taxe/wn. h(mei=s
ou)=n h)nagka/sqhmen au)toi=s tou= loipou= deiknu/ein
ei)sre/on th=| ku/stei dia\ tw=n ou)rhth/rwn to\ ou)=ron
e)nargw=s e)pi\ zw=ntos e)/ti tou= zw|/ou, mo/gis a)\n ou(/tw
pote\ th\n fluari/an au)tw=n e)pisxh/sein e)lpi/zontes.
o( de\ tro/pos th=s dei/cew/s e)sti toio/sde. dielei=n
xrh\ to\ pro\ tw=n ou)rhth/rwn perito/naion, ei)=ta
bro/xois au)tou\s e)klabei=n ka)/peit' e)pidh/santas
e)a=sai to\ zw=|on: ou) ga\r a)\n ou)rh/seien e)/ti. meta\
de\ tau=ta lu/ein me\n tou\s e)/cwqen desmou/s, deiknu/nai
de\ kenh\n me\n th\n ku/stin, mestou\s d' i(kanw=s kai\
diatetame/nous tou\s ou)rhth=ras kai\ kinduneu/ontas
*r(agh=nai ka)/peita tou\s bro/xous au)tw=n a)felo/ntas
e)nargw=s o(ra=n h)/dh plhroume/nhn ou)/rou th\n
ku/stin.
*)epi\ de\ tou/tw fane/nti, pri\n ou)rh=sai to\
zw=|on, bro/xon au)tou= peribalei=n xrh\ tw=| ai)doi/w|
ka)/peita qli/bein pantaxo/qen th\n ku/stin. ou)de\
ga\r a)\n ou)de\n e)/ti dia\ tw=n ou)rhth/rwn e)pane/lqoi
pro\s tou\s nefrou/s. ka)n tou/tw| dh=lon gi/gnetai
to\ mh\ mo/non e)pi\ teqnew=tos a)lla\ kai\ perio/ntos e)/ti
tou= zw|/ou kwlu/esqai metalamba/nein au)=qis e)k th=s
ku/stews tou\s ou)rhth=ras to\ ou)=ron. e)pi\ tou/tois
o)fqei=sin e)pitre/pein h)/dh to\ zw=|on ou)rei=n lu/ontas
au)tou= to\n e)pi\ tw=| ai)doi/w| bro/xon, ei)=t' au)=qis
e)pibalei=n me\n qate/rw| tw=n ou)rhth/rwn, e)a=sai de\
to\n e(/teron ei)s th\n ku/stin surrei=n kai/ tina dialipo/ntas xro/non e)pideiknu/ein h)/dh, pw=s o( me\n e(/teros
au)tw=n o( dedeme/nos mesto\s kai\ diatetame/nos kata\
ta\ pro\s tw=n nefrw=n me/rh fai/netai, o( d' e(/teros
o( lelume/nos au)to\s me\n xalaro/s e)sti, peplh/rwke
d' ou)/rou th\n ku/stin. ei)=t' au)=qis diatemei=n prw=ton
me\n to\n plh/rh kai\ dei=cai, pw=s e)cakonti/zetai to\
ou)=ron e)c au)tou=, kaqa/per e)n tai=s flebotomi/ais
to\ ai(=ma, meta\ tau=ta de\ kai\ to\n e(/teron au)=qis
diatemei=n ka)/peit' e)pidh=sai to\ zw=|on e)/cwqen,
a)mfote/rwn dih|rhme/nwn, ei)=q' o(/tan i(kanw=s e)/xein
dokh=|, lu=sai to\n desmo/n. eu(reqh/setai ga\r h( me\n
ku/stis kenh/, plh=res d' ou)/rou to\ metacu\ tw=n
e)nte/rwn te kai\ tou= peritonai/ou xwri/on a(/pan,
w(s a)\n ei) kai\ u(deriko\n h)=n to\ zw=|on. tau=t' ou)=n ei)/
tis au)to\s kaq' e(auto\n boulhqei/h basani/zein e)pi\
zw|/ou, mega/lws moi dokei= katagnw/sesqai th=s
*)asklhpia/dou propetei/as. ei) de\ dh\ kai\ th\n
ai)ti/an ma/qoi, di' h(\n ou)de\n e)k th=s ku/stews ei)s
tou\s ou)rhth=ras a)ntekrei=, peisqh=nai a)/n moi dokei=
kai\ dia\ tou=de th\n ei)s ta\ zw=|a pro/noia/n te kai\
te/xnhn th=s fu/sews.
*(ippokra/ths me\n ou)=n w(=n i)/smen i)atrw=n te kai\
filoso/fwn prw=tos a(pa/ntwn, w(s a)\n kai\ prw=tos
e)pignou\s ta\ th=s fu/sews e)/rga, qauma/zei te kai\
dia\ panto\s au)th\n u(mnei= dikai/an o)noma/zwn kai\
mo/nhn e)carkei=n ei)s a(/panta toi=s zw|/ois fhsi/n,
au)th\n e)c au(th=s a)dida/ktws pra/ttousan a(/panta
ta\ de/onta: toiau/thn d' ou)=san au)th\n eu)qe/ws
kai\ duna/meis u(pe/laben e)/xein e(lktikh\n me\n tw=n
oi)kei/wn, a)pokritikh\n de\ tw=n a)llotri/wn kai\
tre/fein te kai\ au)/cein au)th\n ta\ zw=|a kai\ kri/nein
ta\ nosh/mata: kai\ dia\ tou=t' e)n toi=s sw/masin
h(mw=n su/mpnoia/n te mi/an ei)=nai/ fhsi kai\ su/rroian
kai\ pa/nta sumpaqe/a. kata\ de\ to\n *)asklhpia/dhn
ou)de\n ou)deni\ sumpaqe/s e)sti fu/sei, dih|rhme/nhs te
kai\ katateqrausme/nhs ei)s a)/narma stoixei=a kai\
lhrw/deis o)/gkous a(pa/shs th=s ou)si/as. e)c a)na/gkhs
ou)=n a)/lla te muri/a toi=s e)nargw=s fainome/nois
e)nanti/ws a)pefh/nato kai\ th=s fu/sews h)gno/hse
th/n te tw=n oi)kei/wn e)pispastikh\n du/namin kai\
th\n tw=n a)llotri/wn a)pokritikh/n. e)pi\ me\n ou)=n
th=s e)caimatw/sew/s te kai\ a)nado/sews e)ceu=re/ tina
yuxra\n a)dolesxi/an: ei)s de\ th\n tw=n perittwma/twn
ka/qarsin ou)de\n o(/lws eu(rw\n ei)pei=n ou)k w)/knhsen
o(mo/se xwrh=sai toi=s fainome/nois, e)pi\ me\n th=s
tw=n ou)/rwn diakri/sews a)posterh/sas me\n tw=n te
nefrw=n kai\ tw=n ou)rhth/rwn th\n e)ne/rgeian, a)dh/lous
de/ tinas po/rous ei)s th\n ku/stin u(poqe/menos: tou=to
ga\r h)=n dhladh\ me/ga kai\ semno\n a)pisth/santa
toi=s fainome/nois pisteu=sai toi=s a)dh/lois.
*)epi\ de\ th=s canqh=s xolh=s e)/ti mei=zon au)tw=|
kai\ neanikw/tero/n e)sti to\ to/lmhma: genna=sqai
ga\r au)th\n e)n toi=s xolhdo/xois a)ggei/ois, ou) diakri/nesqai le/gei.
pw=s ou)=n toi=s i)kterikoi=s a(/m' a)/mfw sumpi/ptei,
ta\ me\n diaxwrh/mata mhde\n o(/lws e)n au(toi=s
e)/xonta xolh=s, a)na/plewn d' au)toi=s gigno/menon
o(/lon to\ sw=ma; lhrei=n pa/lin e)ntau=q' a)nagka/zetai
toi=s e)pi\ tw=n ou)/rwn ei)rhme/nois paraplhsi/ws.
lhrei= d' ou)de\n h(=tton kai\ peri\ th=s melai/nhs xolh=s
kai\ tou= splhno\s ou)/te ti/ poq' u(f' *(ippokra/tous
ei)/rhtai suniei\s a)ntile/gein t' e)pixeirw=n oi(=s ou)k
oi)=den e)mplh/ktw| tini\ kai\ manikw=| sto/mati.
*ti/ dh\ to\ ke/rdos e)k tw=n toiou/twn dogma/twn ei)s
ta\s qerapei/as e)kth/sato; mh/te nefritiko/n ti
no/shma du/nasqai qerapeu=sai mh/t' i)kteriko\n
mh/te melagxoliko/n, a)lla\ kai\ peri\ tou= pa=sin
a)nqrw/pois ou)x *(ippokra/tei mo/non o(mologoume/nou
tou= kaqai/rein tw=n farma/kwn e)/nia me\n th\n canqh\n
xolh/n, e)/nia de\ th\n me/lainan, a)/lla de/ tina fle/gma
kai/ tina to\ lepto\n kai\ u(datw=des perittwma,
mhde\ peri\ tou/twn sugxwrei=n, a)ll' u(p' au)tw=n
tw=n farma/kwn gi/gnesqai le/gein toiou=ton e(/kaston
tw=n kenoume/nwn, w(/sper u(po\ tw=n xolhdo/xwn
po/rwn th\n xolh/n: kai\ mhde\n diafe/rein kata\ to\n
qaumasto\n *)asklhpia/dhn h)\ u(dragwgo\n dido/nai
toi=s u(deriw=sin h)\ xolagwgo\n fa/rmakon: a(/panta
ga\r o(moi/ws kenou=n kai\ sunth/kein to\ sw=ma kai\ to\
su/nthgma toio/nde ti fai/nesqai poiei=n, mh\ pro/teron u(pa/rxon toiou=ton.
a)=r' ou)=n ou) mai/nesqai nomiste/on au)to\n h)\
panta/pasin a)/peiron ei)=nai tw=n e)/rgwn th=s te/xnhs;
ti/s ga\r ou)k oi)=den, w(s, ei) me\n fle/gmatos a)gwgo\n
doqei/h fa/rmakon toi=s i)kteriw=sin, ou)k a)\n ou)de\
te/ttaras kua/qous kaqarqei=en: ou(/tw d' ou)d' ei)
tw=n u(dragwgw=n ti: xolagwgw=| de\ farma/kw|
plei=ston me\n e)kkenou=tai xolh=s, au)ti/ka de\
kaqaro\s toi=s ou(/tw kaqarqei=sin o( xrw\s gi/gnetai.
pollou\s gou=n h(mei=s meta\ to\ qerapeu=sai th\n e)n
tw=| h(/pati dia/qesin a(/pac kaqh/rantes a)phlla/camen tou= paqh/matos. ou) mh\n ou)d' ei) fle/gmatos
a)gwgw=| kaqai/rois farma/kw|, ple/on a)/n ti diapra/caio.
kai\ tau=t' ou)x *(ippokra/ths me\n ou(/tws oi)=de
gigno/mena, toi=s d' a)po\ th=s e)mpeiri/as mo/nhs
o(rmwme/nois e(te/rws e)/gnwstai, a)lla\ ka)kei/nois w(sau/tws
kai\ pa=sin i)atroi=s, oi(=s me/lei tw=n e)/rgwn th=s te/xnhs, ou(/tw dokei= plh\n *)asklhpia/dou. prodosi/an
ga\r ei)=nai neno/mike tw=n stoixei/wn w(=n u(pe/qeto th\n
a)lhqh= peri\ tw=n toiou/twn o(mologi/an. ei) ga\r
o(/lws eu(reqei/h ti fa/rmakon e(lktiko\n tou=de/ tinos
tou= xumou= mo/nou, ki/ndunos kratei=n dhladh\ tw=|
lo/gw| to\ e)n e(ka/stw| tw=n swma/twn ei)=nai/ tina
du/namin e)pispastikh\n th=s oi)kei/as poio/thtos. dia\
tou=to knh=kon me\n kai\ ko/kkon to\n kni/dion kai\
i(ppofae\s ou)x e(/lkein e)k tou= sw/matos a)lla\ poiei=n
to\ fle/gma fhsi/n: a)/nqos de\ xalkou= kai\ lepi/da
kai\ au)to\n to\n kekaume/non xalko\n kai\ xamai/drun
kai\ xamaile/onta ei)s u(/dwr a)nalu/ein to\ sw=ma kai\
tou\s u(derikou\s u(po\ tou/twn ou) kaqairome/nous o)ni/nasqai a)lla\ kenoume/nous sunauco/ntwn dhladh\ to\
pa/qos. ei) ga\r ou) kenoi= to\ periexo/menon e)n toi=s
sw/masin u(datw=des u(gro\n a)ll' au)to\ genna=|, tw=|
nosh/mati prostimwrei=tai. kai\ me/n ge kai\ h(
skammwni/a pro\s tw=| mh\ kenou=n e)k tou= sw/matos
tw=n i)kterikw=n th\n xolh\n e)/ti kai\ to\ xrhsto\n ai(=ma
xolh\n e)rgazome/nh kai\ sunth/kousa to\ sw=ma kai\
thlikau=ta kaka\ drw=sa kai\ to\ pa/qos e)pau/cousa
kata/ ge to\n *)asklhpia/dou lo/gon.
o(/mws e)nargw=s o(ra=tai pollou\s w)felou=sa.
nai/, fhsi/n, o)ni/nantai me/n, a)ll' au)tw=| mo/nw| tw=|
lo/gw| th=s kenw/sews. kai\ mh\n ei) fle/gmatos a)gwgo\n au)toi=s doi/hs fa/rmakon, ou)k o)nh/sontai. kai\
tou=q' ou(/tws e)narge/s e)stin, w(/ste kai\ oi( a)po\ mo/nhs
th=s e)mpeiri/as o(rmw/menoi gignw/skousin au)to/.
kai/toi tou/tois ge toi=s a)ndra/sin au)to\ dh\ tou=t'
e)/sti filoso/fhma, to\ mhdeni\ lo/gw| pisteu/ein a)lla\
mo/nois toi=s e)nargw=s fainome/nois. e)kei=noi me\n ou)=n
swfronou=sin: *)asklhpia/dhs de\ parapai/ei tai=s
ai)sqh/sesin h(ma=s a)pistei=n keleu/wn, e)/nqa to\ faino/menon a)natre/pei safw=s au)tou= ta\s u(poqe/seis.
kai/toi makrw=| g' h)=n a)/meinon ou)x o(mo/se xwrei=n
toi=s fainome/nois a)ll' e)kei/nois a)naqe/sqai to\ pa=n.
a)=r' ou)=n tau=ta mo/non e)nargw=s ma/xetai toi=s
*)asklhpia/dou do/gmasin h)\ kai\ to\ qe/rous me\n
plei/ona kenou=sqai th\n canqh\n xolh\n u(po\ tw=n
au)tw=n farma/kwn, xeimw=nos de\ to\ fle/gma, kai\
neani/skw| me\n plei/ona th\n xolh/n, presbu/th| de\ to\
fle/gma; fai/netai ga\r e(/kaston e(/lkein th\n
ou)=san, ou)k au)to\ genna=n th\n ou)k ou)=san. ei) gou=n
e)qelh/sais neani/skw| tini\ tw=n i)sxnw=n kai\ qermw=n
w(/ra| qe/rous mh/t' a)rgw=s bebiwko/ti mh/t' e)n plhsmonh=| fle/gmatos a)gwgo\n dou=nai fa/rmakon, o)li/giston me\n kai\ meta\ bi/as pollh=s e)kkenw/seis tou=
xumou=, bla/yeis d' e)sxa/tws to\n a)/nqrwpon: e)/mpalin d' ei) xolagwgo\n doi/hs, kai\ pa/mpolu kenw/seis
kai\ bla/yeis ou)de/n.
a)=r' a)pistou=men e)/ti tw=| mh\ ou)x e(/kaston tw=n
farma/kwn e)pa/gesqai to\n oi)kei=on e(autw=| xumo/n;
i)/sws fh/sousin oi( a)p' *)asklhpia/dou, ma=llon d'
ou)k i)/sws, a)lla\ pa/ntws a)pistei=n e)rou=sin, i(/na mh\
prodw=si ta\ fi/ltata.
pa/lin ou)=n kai\ h(mei=s e)f' e(te/ran metabw=men
a)dolesxi/an: ou) ga\r e)pitre/pousin oi( sofistai\
tw=n a)ci/wn ti zhthma/twn proxeiri/zesqai kai/toi
pampo/llwn u(parxo/ntwn, a)lla\ katatri/bein a)nagka/zousi to\n xro/non ei)s th\n tw=n sofisma/twn, w(=n
proba/llousi, lu/sin.
ti/s ou)=n h( a)dolesxi/a; h( e)/ndocos au(/th kai\
poluqru/lhtos li/qos h( to\n si/dhron e)pispwme/nh.
ta/xa ga\r a)\n au(/th pote\ th\n yuxh\n au)tw=n e)pispa/saito pisteu/ein ei)=nai/ tinas e)n e(ka/stw| tw=n swma/twn e(lktika\s tw=n oi)kei/wn poioth/twn duna/meis.
*)epi/kouros me\n ou)=n kai/toi paraplhsi/ois *)asklhpia/dh| stoixei/ois pro\s th\n fusiologi/an xrw/menos o(/mws o(mologei=, pro\s me\n th=s h(raklei/as
li/qou to\n si/dhron e(/lkesqai, pro\s de\ tw=n h)le/ktrwn ta\ kurh/bia kai\ peira=tai/ ge kai\ th\n ai)ti/an
a)podido/nai tou= fainome/nou. ta\s ga\r a)porreou/sas
a)to/mous a)po\ th=s li/qou tai=s a)porreou/sais a)po\
tou= sidh/rou toi=s sxh/masin oi)kei/as ei)=nai/ fhsin,
w(/ste periple/kesqai *r(a|di/ws. proskrouou/sas ou)=n
au)ta\s toi=s sugkri/masin e(kate/rois th=s te li/qou
kai\ tou= sidh/rou ka)/peit' ei)s to\ me/son a)popallome/nas ou(/tws a)llh/lais te periple/kesqai kai\
sunepispa=sqai to\n si/dhron. to\ me\n ou)=n tw=n
u(poqe/sewn ei)s th\n ai)tiologi/an a)pi/qanon a)/ntikrus
dh=lon, o(/mws d' ou)=n o(mologei= th\n o(lkh/n. kai\ ou(/tw
ge kai\ kata\ ta\ sw/mata tw=n zw|/wn fhsi\ gi/gnesqai
ta/s t' a)nado/seis kai\ ta\s diakri/seis tw=n perittwma/twn kai\ ta\s tw=n kaqairo/ntwn farma/kwn
e)nergei/as.
*)asklhpia/dhs dh\ to/ te th=s ei)rhme/nhs ai)ti/as
a)pi/qanon u(pido/menos kai\ mhdemi/an a)/llhn e)f'
oi(=s u(pe/qeto stoixei/ois e)ceuri/skwn piqanh\n e)pi\ to\
mhd' o(/lws e(/lkesqai le/gein u(po\ mhdeno\s mhde\n
a)naisxunth/sas e)tra/peto, de/on, ei) mh/q' oi(=s *)epi/kouros ei)=pen h)re/sketo mh/t' a)/lla belti/w le/gein
ei)=xen, a)posth=nai tw=n u(poqe/sewn kai\ th/n te fu/sin
ei)pei=n texnikh\n kai\ th\n ou)si/an tw=n o)/ntwn e(noume/nhn te pro\s e(auth\n a)ei\ kai\ a)lloioume/nhn u(po\
tw=n e(auth=s mori/wn ei)s a)/llhla drw/ntwn te kai\
pasxo/ntwn. ei) ga\r tau=q' u(pe/qeto, xalepo\n ou)de\n
h)=n th\n texnikh\n e)kei/nhn fu/sin o(mologh=sai du/nameis e)/xein e)pispastikh\n me\n tw=n oi)kei/wn, a)pokritikh\n de\ tw=n a)llotri/wn. ou) ga\r di' a)/llo ti/
g' h)=n au)th=| to\ texnikh=| t' ei)=nai kai\ tou= zw|/ou
diaswstikh=| kai\ tw=n noshma/twn kritikh=| para\ to\
prosi/esqai me\n kai\ fula/ttein to\ oi)kei=on, a)pokri/nein de\ to\ a)llo/trion.
a)ll' *)asklhpia/dhs ka)ntau=qa to\ me\n a)ko/louqon tai=s a)rxai=s ai(=s u(pe/qeto sunei=den, ou) mh\n th/n
ge pro\s to\ faino/menon e)nargw=s h)|de/sqh ma/xhn,
a)ll' o(mo/se xwrei= kai\ peri\ tou/tou pa=sin ou)k
i)atroi=s mo/non a)ll' h)/dh kai\ toi=s a)/llois a)nqrw/pois
ou)/te kri/sin ei)=nai/ tina le/gwn ou)/q' h(me/ran kri/simon
ou)/q' o(/lws ou)de\n e)pi\ swthri/a| tou= zw|/ou pragmateu/sasqai th\n fu/sin. a)ei\ ga\r to\ me\n a)ko/louqon
fula/ttein bou/letai, to\ d' e)nargw=s faino/menon
a)natre/pein e)/mpalin *)epikou/rw|. tiqei\s ga\r e)kei=nos
a)ei\ to\ faino/menon ai)ti/an au)tou= yuxra\n a)podi/dwsi.
ta\ ga\r a)popallo/mena smikra\ sw/mata th=s h(raklei/as li/qou toiou/tois e(te/rois periple/kesqai mori/ois tou= sidh/rou ka)/peita dia\ th=s periplokh=s
tau/ths mhdamou= fainome/nhs e)pispa=sqai barei=an
ou(/tws ou)si/an ou)k oi)=d' o(/pws a)/n tis peisqei/h. kai\
ga\r ei) tou=to sugxwrh/somen, to/ ge tw=| sidh/rw|
pa/lin e(/teron prosteqe/n ti suna/ptesqai th\n
au)th\n ai)ti/an ou)ke/ti prosi/etai.
ti/ ga\r e)rou=men; h)\ dhladh\ tw=n a)porreo/ntwn
th=s li/qou mori/wn e)/nia me\n proskrou/santa tw=|
sidh/rw| pa/lin a)popa/llesqai kai\ tau=ta me\n ei)=nai,
di' w(=n krema/nnusqai sumbai/nei to\n si/dhron, ta\ d'
ei)s au)to\n ei)sduo/mena dia\ tw=n kenw=n po/rwn diece/rxesqai ta/xista ka)/peita tw=| parakeime/nw|
sidh/rw| proskrou/onta mh/t' e)kei=non diadu=nai du/nasqai, kai/toi to/n ge prw=ton diadu/nta, palindromou=nta d' au)=qis e)pi\ to\n pro/teron e(te/ras au)=qis
e)rga/zesqai tai=s prote/rais o(moi/as periploka/s;
e)nargw=s ga\r e)ntau=qa to\ lhrw=des th=s ai)ti/as
e)le/gxetai. grafei=a gou=n oi)=da/ pote sidhra= pe/nte
kata\ to\ sunexe\s a)llh/lois sunafqe/nta, tou= prw/tou me\n mo/nou th=s li/qou yau/santos, e)c e)kei/nou
d' ei)s ta)=lla th=s duna/mews diadoqei/shs: kai\ ou)k
e)/stin ei)pei=n, w(s, ei) me\n tw=| ka/tw tou= grafei/ou
pe/rati prosa/gois e(/teron, e)/xetai/ te kai\ suna/ptetai kai\ kre/matai to\ prosenexqe/n: ei) d' a)/llw| tini\
me/rei tw=n plagi/wn prosqei/hs, ou) suna/ptetai.
pa/nth ga\r o(moi/ws h( th=s li/qou diadi/dotai du/namis,
ei) mo/non a(/yaito kata/ ti tou= prw/tou grafei/ou.
kai\ me/ntoi ka)k tou/tou pa/lin ei)s to\ deu/teron o(/lon
h( du/namis a(/ma noh/mati diarrei= ka)c e)kei/nou pa/lin
ei)s to\ tri/ton o(/lon. ei) dh\ noh/sais smikra/n tina
li/qon h(raklei/an e)n oi)/kw| tini\ kremame/nhn, ei)=t' e)n
ku/klw| yau/onta pa/mpolla sidh/ria ka)kei/nwn
pa/lin e(/tera ka)kei/nwn a)/lla kai\ tou=t' a)/xri
plei/onos, a(/panta dh/pou pi/mplasqai dei= ta\ sidh/ria
tw=n a)porreo/ntwn th=s li/qou swma/twn. kai\ kinduneu/ei diaforhqh=nai to\ smikro\n e)kei=no liqi/dion ei)s
ta\s a)porroa\s dialuqe/n. kai/toi, ka)\n ei) mhde\n
parake/oit' au)tw=| sidh/rion, ei)s to\n a)e/ra skeda/nnutai, ma/list' ei) kai\ qermo\s u(pa/rxoi.
nai/, fhsi/, smikra\ ga\r au)ta\ xrh\ pa/nu noei=n,
w(/ste tw=n e)mferome/nwn tw=| a)e/ri yhgma/twn tou/twn dh\ tw=n smikrota/twn e)kei/nwn e)/nia muriosto\n
ei)=nai me/ros. ei)=t' e)c ou(/tw smikrw=n tolma=te le/gein
krema/nnusqai ba/rh thlikau=ta sidh/rou; ei) ga\r
e(/kaston au)tw=n muriosto/n e)sti me/ros tw=n e)n tw=|
a)e/ri ferome/nwn yhgma/twn, phli/kon xrh\ noh=sai
to\ pe/ras au)tw=n to\ a)gkistroeide/s, w(=| periple/ketai
pro\s a)/llhla; pa/ntws ga\r dh/pou tou=to smikro/tato/n e)stin o(/lou tou= yh/gmatos.
ei)=ta mikro\n mikrw=|, kinou/menon kinoume/nw| periplake\n ou)k eu)qu\s a)popa/lletai. kai\ ga\r dh\ kai\
a)/ll' a)/tta pa/ntws au)toi=s, ta\ me\n a)/nwqen, ta\ de\
ka/twqen, kai\ ta\ me\n e)/mprosqen, ta\ d' o)/pisqen,
ta\ d' e)k tw=n deciw=n, ta\ d' e)k tw=n a)risterw=n
e)krhgnu/mena sei/ei te kai\ bra/ttei kai\ me/nein ou)k
e)a=|. kai\ me/ntoi kai\ polla\ xrh\ noei=n e)c a)na/gkhs
e(/kaston e)kei/nwn tw=n smikrw=n swma/twn e)/xein
a)gkistrw/dh pe/rata. di' e(no\s me\n ga\r a)llh/lois
suna/ptetai, di' e(te/rou d' e(no\s tou= me\n u(perkeime/nou th=| li/qw|, tou= d' u(pokeime/nou tw=| sidh/rw|.
ei) ga\r a)/nw me\n e)cafqei/h th=s li/qou, ka/tw de\ tw=|
sidh/rw| mh\ sumplakei/h, ple/on ou)de/n. w(/ste tou=
me\n u(perkeime/nou to\ a)/nw me/ros e)kkre/masqai xrh\
th=s li/qou, tou= d' u(pokeime/nou tw=| ka/tw pe/rati
sunh=fqai to\n si/dhron. e)pei\ de\ ka)k tw=n plagi/wn
a)llh/lois periple/ketai, pa/ntws pou ka)ntau=qa
e)/xei ta\ a)/gkistra. kai\ me/mnhso/ moi pro\ pa/ntwn,
o(/pws o)/nta smikra\ ta\s toiau/tas kai\ tosau/tas
a)pofu/seis e)/xei. kai\ tou/tou ma=llon e)/ti, pw=s, i(/na
to\ deu/teron sidh/rion sunafqh=| tw=| prw/tw| kai\ tw=|
deute/rw| to\ tri/ton ka)kei/nw| to\ te/tarton, a(/ma me\n
diece/rxesqai xrh\ tou\s po/rous tauti\ ta\ smikra\
kai\ lhrw/dh yh/gmata, a(/ma d' a)popa/llesqai tou=
met' au)to\ tetagme/nou, kai/toi kata\ pa=n o(moi/ou
th\n fu/sin u(pa/rxontos.
ou)de\ ga\r h( toiau/th pa/lin u(po/qesis a)/tolmos,
a)ll', ei) xrh\ ta)lhqe\s ei)pei=n, makrw=| tw=n e)/mprosqen a)naisxuntote/ra, pe/nte sidhri/wn o(moi/wn a)llh/lois
e)fech=s tetagme/nwn dia\ tou= prw/tou diaduo/mena *r(a|di/ws th=s li/qou ta\ mo/ria kata\ to\ de\u/teron
a)popa/llesqai kai\ mh\ dia\ tou/tou kata\ to\n au)to\n
tro/pon e(toi/mws diece/rxesqai. kai\ mh\n e(kate/rws
a)/topon. ei) me\n ga\r a)popa/lletai, pw=s ei)s to\
tri/ton w)ke/ws diece/rxetai; ei) d' ou)k a)popa/lletai,
pw=s krema/nnutai to\ deu/teron e)k tou= prw/tou; th\n
ga\r a)po/palsin au)to\s u(pe/qeto dhmiourgo\n th=s
o(lkh=s.
a)ll', o(/per e)/fhn, ei)s a)dolesxi/an a)nagkai=on
e)mpi/ptein, e)peida/n tis toiou/tois a)ndra/si diale/ghtai. su/ntomon ou)=n tina kai\ kefalaiw/dh lo/gon
ei)pw\n a)palla/ttesqai bou/lomai. toi=s *)asklhpia/dou gra/mmasin ei)/ tis e)pimelw=s o(milh/seie, th/n
te pro\s ta\s a)rxa\s a)kolouqi/an tw=n toiou/twn
dogma/twn a)kribw=s a)\n e)kma/qoi kai\ th\n pro\s ta\
faino/mena ma/xhn. o( me\n ou)=n *)epi/kouros ta\
faino/mena fula/ttein boulo/menos a)sxhmonei= filotimou/menos e)pideiknu/ein au)ta\ tai=s a)rxai=s o(mologou=nta: o( d' *)asklhpia/dhs to\ me\n a)ko/louqon
tai=s a)rxai=s fula/ttei, tou= fainome/nou d' ou)de\n
au)tw=| me/lei. o(/stis ou)=n bou/letai th\n a)topi/an
e)cele/gxein tw=n u(poqe/sewn, ei) me\n pro\s *)asklhpia/dhn o( lo/gos au)tw=| gi/gnoito, th=s pro\s to\
faino/menon u(pomimnhske/tw ma/xhs: ei) de\ pro\s
*)epi/kouron, th=s pro\s ta\s a)rxa\s diafwni/as. ai(
d' a)/llai sxedo\n ai(re/seis ai( tw=n o(moi/wn a)rxw=n
e)xo/menai tele/ws a)pe/sbhsan, au(=tai d' e)/ti mo/nai
diarkou=sin ou)k a)gennw=s. kai/toi ta\ me\n *)asklhpia/dou *mho/dotos o( e)mpeiriko\s a)fu/ktws
e)cele/gxei, th/n te pro\s ta\ faino/mena ma/xhn u(pomimnh/skwn au)to\n kai\ th\n pro\s a)/llhla: ta\ d'
*)epikou/rou pa/lin o( *)asklhpia/dhs e)xo/menos a)ei\
th=s a)kolouqi/as, h(=s e)kei=nos ou) pa/nu ti fai/netai
fronti/zwn.
a)ll' oi( nu=n a)/nqrwpoi, pri\n kai\ tau/tas
e)kmaqei=n ta\s ai(re/seis kai\ ta\s a)/llas ta\s
belti/ous ka)/peita xro/nw| pollw=| kri=nai/ te kai\
basani/sai to\ kaq' e(ka/sthn au)tw=n a)lhqe/s te kai\
yeu=dos, oi( me\n i)atrou\s e(autou/s, oi( de\ filoso/fous
o)noma/zousi mhde\n ei)do/tes. ou)de\n ou)=n qaumasto\n
e)pi/shs toi=s a)lhqe/si ta\ yeudh= tetimh=sqai. o(/tw|
ga\r a)\n e(/kastos prw/tw| peritu/xh| didaska/lw|,
toiou=tos e)ge/neto, mh\ perimei/nas mhde\n e)/ti par'
a)/llou maqei=n. e)/nioi d' au)tw=n, ei) kai\ plei/osin
e)ntu/xoien, a)ll' ou(/tw g' ei)si\n a)su/netoi/ te kai\
bradei=s th\n dia/noian, w(/ste kai\ geghrako/tes ou)/pw
sunia=sin a)kolouqi/an lo/gou. pa/lai de\ tou\s toiou/tous e)pi\ ta\s banau/sous a)pe/luon te/xnas. a)lla\
tau=ta me\n e)s o(/ ti teleuth/sei qeo\s oi)=den.
h(mei=s d' e)peidh/, kai/toi feu/gontes a)ntile/gein
toi=s e)n au)tai=s tai=s a)rxai=s eu)qu\s e)sfalme/nois,
o(/mws h)nagka/sqhmen u(p' au)th=s tw=n pragma/twn
th=s a)kolouqi/as ei)pei=n tina kai\ dialexqh=nai pro\s
au)tou/s, e)/ti kai\ tou=to prosqh/somen toi=s ei)rhme/nois, w(s ou) mo/non ta\ kaqai/ronta fa/rmaka
pe/fuken e)pispa=sqai ta\s oi)kei/as poio/thtas a)lla\
kai\ ta\ tou\s sko/lopas a)na/gonta kai\ ta\s tw=n
belw=n a)ki/das ei)s polu\ ba/qos sarko\s e)mpeparme/nas e)ni/ote. kai\ me/ntoi kai\ o(/sa tou\s i)ou\s tw=n
qhri/wn h)\ tou\s e)mpefarmagme/nous toi=s be/lesin
a)ne/lkei, kai\ tau=ta th\n au)th\n tai=s h(raklei/ais
li/qois e)pidei/knutai du/namin. e)/gwg' ou)=n oi)=da/ pote
katapeparme/non e)n podi\ neani/skou sko/lopa toi=s
me\n daktu/lois e(/lkousin h(mi=n biai/ws ou)k a)kolouqh/santa, farma/kou d' e)piteqe/ntos a)lu/pws te kai\
dia\ taxe/wn a)nelqo/nta. kai/toi kai\ pro\s tou=to/
tines a)ntile/gousi fa/skontes, o(/tan h( flegmonh\
luqh=| tou= me/rous, au)to/maton e)cie/nai to\n sko/lopa
pro\s ou)deno\s a)nelko/menon. a)ll' ou(=toi/ ge prw=ton me\n a)gnoei=n e)oi/kasin, w(s a)/lla me/n e)sti
flegmonh=s, a)/lla de\ tw=n ou(/tw katapeparme/nwn
e(lktika\ fa/rmaka: kai/toi g' ei)/per a)flegma/ntwn
genome/nwn e)cekri/neto ta\ para\ fu/sin, o(/sa flegmonh=s e)sti lutika/, tau=t' eu)qu\s a)\n h)=n ka)kei/nwn
e(lktika/.
deu/teron d', o(\ kai\ ma=llon a)/n tis qauma/seien,
w(s ou) mo/non a)/lla me\n tou\s sko/lopas, a)/lla de\
tou\s i)ou\s e)ca/gei fa/rmaka, a)lla\ kai\ au)tw=n tw=n
tou\s i)ou\s e(lko/ntwn ta\ me\n to\n th=s e)xi/dnhs, ta\ de\
to\n th=s trugo/nos, ta\ d' a)/llou tino\s e)pispa=tai
kai\ safw=s e)/stin i)dei=n toi=s farma/kois e)pikeime/nous au)tou/s. e)ntau=q' ou)=n *)epi/kouron me\n
e)painei=n xrh\ th=s pro\s to\ faino/menon ai)dou=s,
me/mfesqai de\ to\n lo/gon th=s ai)ti/as. o(\n ga\r
h(mei=s e(/lkontes toi=s daktu/lois ou)k a)nhga/gomen
sko/lopa, tou=ton u(po\ tw=n smikrw=n e)kei/nwn a)ne/lkesqai yhgma/twn, pw=s ou) panta/pasin a)/topon
ei)=nai xrh\ nomi/zein;
a)=r' ou)=n h)/dh pepei/smeqa tw=n o)/ntwn e(ka/stw|
du/nami/n tin' u(pa/rxein, h(=| th\n oi)kei/an e(/lkei
poio/thta, to\ me\n ma=llon, to\ d' h(=tton;
h)\ kai\ to\ tw=n purw=n e)/ti para/deigma proxeiriso/meqa
tw=| lo/gw|; fanh/sontai ga\r oi)=mai
kai\ tw=n gewrgw=n au)tw=n a)maqe/steroi peri\ th\n
fu/sin oi( mhde\n o(/lws u(po\ mhdeno\s e(/lkesqai
sugxwrou=ntes: w(s e)/gwge prw=ton, me\n a)kou/sas
to\ gigno/menon e)qau/masa kai\ au)to\s h)boulh/qhn
au)to/pths au)tou= katasth=nai. meta\ tau=ta de/,
w(s kai\ ta\ th=s pei/ras w(molo/gei, th\n ai)ti/an
skopou/menos e)n pampo/llw| xro/nw| kata\ pa/sas
ta\s ai(re/seis ou)demi/an a)/llhn eu(rei=n oi(=o/s t' h)=n
ou)d' a)/xri tou= piqanou= proi+ou=san a)lla\ katagela/stous te kai\ safw=s e)celegxome/nas ta\s a)/llas
a(pa/sas plh\n th=s th\n o(lkh\n presbeuou/shs.
e)/sti de\ to\ gigno/menon toio/nde.
katakomi/zontes oi( par' h(mi=n gewrgoi\ tou\s e)k tw=n a)grw=n
purou\s ei)s th\n po/lin e)n a(ma/cais tisi/n, o(/tan
u(fele/sqai boulhqw=sin, w(/ste mh\ fwraqh=nai,
kera/mi' a)/tta plhrw/santes u(/datos me/sois au)toi=s
e)nista=sin. e(/lkontes ou)=n e)kei=noi dia\ tou= kerami/ou
to\ u(gro\n ei)s au(tou\s o)/gkon me\n kai\ ba/ros
prosktw=ntai, kata/dhloi d' ou) pa/nu gi/gnontai toi=s
o(rw=sin, ei) mh/ tis propepusme/nos h)/dh periergo/teron e)piskopoi=to. kai/toi g' ei) boulhqei/hs e)n
h(li/w| kataqei=nai pa/nu qermw=| tau)to\n a)ggei=on,
e)la/xiston pantelw=s eu(rh/seis to\ dapanw/menon
e)f' e(ka/sths h(me/ras. ou(/tws a)/ra kai\ th=s h(liakh=s
qermasi/as th=s sfodra=s i)sxurote/ran oi( puroi\
du/namin e)/xousin e(/lkein ei)s e(autou\s th\n plhsia/zousan u(gro/thta. lh=ros ou)=n e)ntau=qa makro\s
h( pro\s to\ leptomere\s fora\ tou= perie/xontos
h(ma=s a)e/ros kai\ ma/lisq' o(/tan i(kanw=s h)=| qermo/s,
polu\ me\n u(pa/rxontos h)\ kata\ tou\s purou\s leptomereste/rou, dexome/nou d' ou)de\ to\ de/katon me/ros
th=s ei)s e)kei/nous metalambanome/nhs u(gro/thtos.
e)pei\ d' i(kanw=s h)dolesxh/samen ou)x e(ko/ntes,
a)ll', w(s h( paroimi/a fhsi/, mainome/nois
a)nagkasqe/ntes summanh=nai, pa/lin e)pi\ th\n tw=n ou)/rwn
e)pane/lqwmen dia/krisin, e)n h(=| tw=n me\n *)asklhpia/dou lh/rwn e)pilaqw/meqa, meta\ de\ tw=n pepeisme/nwn dihqei=sqai ta\ ou)=ra dia\ tw=n nefrw=n,
ti/s o( tro/pos th=s e)nergei/as e)sti/n, e)piskeyw/meqa:
pa/ntws ga\r h)\ e)c au(tw=n e)pi\ tou\s nefrou\s fe/retai
ta\ ou)=ra tou=to be/ltion ei)=nai nomi/zonta, kaqa/per
h(mei=s, o(po/tan ei)s th\n a)gora\n a)pi/wmen: h)/, ei) tou=t'
a)du/naton, e(/tero/n ti xrh\ th=s fora=s au)tw=n e)ceurei=n
ai)/tion. ti/ dh\ tou=t' e)/stin; ei) ga\r mh\ toi=s nefroi=s
dw/some/n tina du/namin e(lktikh\n th=s toiau/ths
poio/thtos, w(s *(ippokra/ths e)no/mizen, ou)de\n e(/teron
e)ceurh/somen. o(/ti me\n ga\r h)/toi tou/tous e(/lkein
au)to\ prosh=ken h)\ ta\s fle/bas pe/mpein, ei)/per ge mh\
e)c e(autou= fe/retai, panti/ pou dh=lon. a)ll' ei) me\n
ai( fle/bes peristello/menai prowqoi=en, ou)k e)kei=no
mo/non, a)lla\ su\n au)tw=| kai\ to\ pa=n ai(=ma to\
periexo/menon e)n e(autai=s ei)s tou\s nefrou\s e)kqli/yousin: ei) de\ tou=t' a)du/naton, w(s dei/comen,
lei/petai tou\s nefrou\s e(/lkein.
pw=s ou)=n a)du/naton tou=to; tw=n nefrw=n h( qe/sis
a)ntibai/nei. ou) ga\r dh\ ou(/tw g' u(po/keintai th=|
koi/lh| flebi\ kaqa/per toi=s e)c e)gkefa/lou
perittw/masin e)/n te th=| *r(ini\ kai\ kata\ th\n u(perw|/an
oi( toi=s h)qmoi=s o(/moioi po/roi, a)ll' e(kate/rwqen
au)th=| para/keintai. kai\ mh/n, ei)/per o(moi/ws toi=s
h)qmoi=s o(/son a)\n h)=| lepto/teron kai\ tele/ws o)rrw=des,
tou=to me\n e(toi/mws diape/mpousi, to\ de\ paxu/teron
a)poste/gousin, a(/pan e)p' au)tou\s i)e/nai xrh\ to\
ai(=ma to\ periexo/menon e)n th=| koi/lh| flebi/, kaqa/per
ei)s tou\s trughtou\s o( pa=s oi)=nos e)mba/lletai. kai\
me/n ge kai\ to\ tou= ga/laktos tou= turoume/nou
para/deigma safw=s a)/n, o(\ bou/lomai le/gein,
e)ndei/caito. kai\ ga\r kai\ tou=to pa=n e)mblhqe\n
ei)s tou\s tala/rous ou) pa=n dihqei=tai, a)ll' o(/son
me\n a)\n h)=| lepto/teron th=s eu)ru/thtos tw=n ploka/mwn, ei)s to\ ka/tantes fe/retai kai\ tou=to me\n
o)rro\s e)ponoma/zetai: to\ loipo\n de\ to\ paxu\ to\
me/llon e)/sesqai turo/s, w(s a)\n ou) paradexome/nwn
au)to\ tw=n e)n toi=s tala/rois po/rwn, ou) diekpi/ptei
ka/tw. kai\ toi/nun, ei)/per ou(/tw me/llei dihqei=sqai
tw=n nefrw=n o( tou= ai(/matos o)rro/s, a(/pan e)p'
au)tou\s h(/kein xrh\ to\ ai(=ma kai\ mh\ to\ me\n nai/, to\
d' ou)/.
*pw=s ou)=n e)/xei to\ faino/menon e)k th=s a)natomh=s;
to\ me\n e(/teron me/ros th=s koi/lhs a)/nw pro\s th\n
kardi/an a)nafe/retai, to\ loipo\n d' e)pibai/nei th=|
*r(a/xei kaq' o(/lhs au)th=s e)kteino/menon a)/xri tw=n
skelw=n, w(/ste to\ me\n e(/teron ou)d' e)ggu\s a)fiknei=tai
tw=n nefrw=n, to\ loipo\n de\ plhsia/zei me/n, ou) mh\n
ei)s au)tou/s ge katafu/etai. e)xrh=n d', ei)/per
e)/mellen w(s di' h)qmw=n au)tw=n kaqarqh/sesqai to\
ai(=ma, pa=n e)mpi/ptein ei)s au)tou\s ka)/peita ka/tw
me\n fe/resqai to\ lepto/n, i)/sxesqai d' a)/nw to\
paxu/. nuni\ d' ou)x ou(/tws e)/xei: pla/gioi ga\r
e(kate/rwqen th=s koi/lhs flebo\s oi( nefroi\ kei=ntai.
ou)/koun w(s h)qmoi\ dihqou=si, pempou/shs me\n e)kei/nhs,
au)toi\ d' ou)demi/an ei)sfero/menoi du/namin, a)ll'
e(/lkousi dhlono/ti: tou=to ga\r e)/ti lei/petai.
pw=s ou)=n e(/lkousin; ei) me/n, w(s *)epi/kouros oi)/etai
ta\s o(lka\s a(pa/sas gi/gnesqai kata\ ta\s tw=n
a)to/mwn a)popa/lseis te kai\ periploka/s, a)/meinon
h)=n o)/ntws ei)pei=n au)tou\s mhd' e(/lkein o(/lws: polu\
ga\r a)\n ou(/tw ge tw=n e)pi\ th=s h(raklei/as li/qou
mikrw=| pro/sqen ei)rhme/nwn o( lo/gos e)cetazo/menos
eu(reqei/h geloio/teros: a)ll' w(s *(ippokra/ths h)bou/leto. lexqh/setai de\ safe/steron e)pi\ proh/konti
tw=| lo/gw|. nuni\ ga\r ou) tou=to pro/keitai dida/skein,
a)ll' w(s ou)/t' a)/llo ti dunato\n ei)pei=n ai)/tion ei)=nai
th=s tw=n ou)/rwn diakri/sews plh\n th=s o(lkh=s tw=n
nefrw=n ou)/q' ou(/tw gi/gnesqai th\n o(lkh/n, w(s oi(
mh)demi/an oi)kei/an dido/ntes th=| fu/sei du/namin
oi)/ontai gi/gnesqai.
tou/tou ga\r o(mologhqe/ntos, w(s e)/stin o(/lws tis
e)n toi=s u(po\ fu/sews dioikoume/nois du/namis e(lktikh/,
lhrw/dhs nomi/zoit' a)\n o( peri\ a)nado/sews trofh=s
a)/llo ti le/gein e)pixeirw=n.
*)erasi/stratos d' ou)k oi)=d' o(/pws e(te/rais me/n tisi
do/cais eu)h/qesin a)ntei=pe dia\ makrw=n, u(pere/bh de\
tele/ws th\n *(ippokra/tous, ou)d' a)/xri tou= mnhmoneu=sai mo/non au)th=s, w(s e)n toi=s peri\ katapo/sews
e)poi/hsen, a)ciw/sas. e)n e)kei/nois me\n ga\r a)/xri
tosou/tou fai/netai mnhmoneu/wn, w(s tou)/nom'
ei)pei=n th=s o(lkh=s mo/non w(=de/ pws gra/fwn:
"*(olkh\ me\n ou)=n th=s koili/as ou)demi/a fai/netai
ei)=nai": peri\ de\ th=s a)nado/sews to\n lo/gon poiou/menos ou)d' a)/xri sullabh=s mia=s e)mnhmo/neuse
th=s *(ippokratei/ou do/chs. kai/toi g' e)ph/rkesen
a)\n h(mi=n, ei) kai\ tou=t' e)/graye mo/non, w(s *(ippokra/ths ei)pw\n "*sa/rkes o(lkoi\ kai\ e)k koili/hs kai\
e)/cwqen" yeu/detai: ou)/te ga\r e)k th=s koili/as ou)/t'
e)/cwqen e(/lkein du/nantai. ei) de\ kai\ o(/ti mh/tras
ai)tiw/menos a)/rrwston au)xe/na kakw=s ei)=pen "*ou)
ga\r du/natai au)te/hs o( sto/maxos ei)ru/sai th\n gonh/n,"
h)\ ei) kai/ ti toiou=ton a)/llo gra/fein o( *)erasi/stratos h)ci/wse, to/t' a)\n kai\ h(mei=s pro\s au)to\n
a)pologou/menoi ei)/pomen:
w)= gennai=e, mh\ *r(htorikw=s h(mw=n kata/trexe
xwri\s a)podei/cews, a)ll' ei)pe/ tina kathgori/an
tou= do/gmatos, i(/n' h)\ peisqw=me/n soi w(s kalw=s
e)ce/legxonti to\n palaio\n lo/gon h)\ metapei/swmen
w(s a)gnoou=nta. kai/toi ti/ le/gw *r(htorikw=s; mh\
ga/r, e)peidh/ tines tw=n *r(hto/rwn, a(\ ma/list' a)dunatou=si dialu/esqai, tau=ta diagela/santes ou)d'
e)pixeirou=sin a)ntile/gein, h)/dh pou tou=to kai\ h(mei=s
h(gw/meq' ei)=nai to\ *r(htorikw=s: to\ ga\r dia\ lo/gou
piqanou= e)sti to\ *r(htorikw=s, to\ d' a)/neu lo/gou
bwmoloxiko/n, ou) *r(htoriko/n. ou)/koun ou)/te *r(htorikw=s ou)/te dialektikw=s a)ntei=pen o( *)erasi/stratos
e)n tw=| peri\ th=s katapo/sews lo/gw|. ti/ ga/r fhsin;
"*(olkh\ me\n ou)=n th=s koili/as ou)demi/a fai/netai
ei)=nai." pa/lin ou)=n au)tw=| par' h(mw=n a)ntimarturw=n
o( au)to\s lo/gos a)ntiparaballe/sqw: peristolh\
me\n ou)=n tou= stoma/xou ou)demi/a fai/netai ei)=nai.
kai\ pw=s ou) fai/netai; ta/x' a)\n i)/sws ei)/poi tis tw=n
a)p' au)tou=: to\ ga\r a)ei\ tw=n a)/nwqen au)tou= merw=n
sustellome/nwn diaste/llesqai ta\ ka/tw pw=s ou)k
e)/sti th=s peristolh=s e)ndeiktiko/n; au)=qis ou)=n h(mei=s,
kai\ pw=s ou) fai/netai, fh/somen, h( th=s koili/as
o(lkh/; to\ ga\r a)ei\ tw=n ka/twqen merw=n tou=
stoma/xou diastellome/nwn suste/llesqai ta\ a)/nw
pw=s ou)k e)/sti th=s o(lkh=s e)ndeiktiko/n; ei) de\
swfronh/seie/ pote kai\ gnoi/h to\ faino/menon tou=to
mhde\n ma=llon th=s e(te/ras tw=n docw=n u(pa/rxein
e)ndeiktiko\n a)ll' a)mfote/rwn ei)=nai koino/n, ou(/tws
a)\n h)/dh dei/caimen au)tw=| th\n o)rqh\n o(do\n th=s tou=
a)lhqou=s eu(re/sews.
a)lla\ peri\ me\n th=s koili/as au)=qis. h( de\ th=s
trofh=s a)na/dosis ou)de\n dei=tai th=s pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as a(/pac ge th=s e(lktikh=s duna/mews
e)pi\ tw=n nefrw=n w(mologhme/nhs, h(\n kai/toi pa/nu
safw=s a)lhqh= gignw/skwn u(pa/rxein o( *)erasi/stratos ou)/t' e)mnhmo/neusen ou)/t' a)ntei=pen ou)/q'
o(/lws a)pefh/nato, ti/n' e)/xei do/can u(pe\r th=s tw=n
ou)/rwn diakri/sews.
h)\ dia\ ti/ proeipw\n eu)qu\s kat' a)rxa\s tw=n kaq'
o(/lou lo/gwn, w(s u(pe\r tw=n fusikw=n e)nergeiw=n e)rei=,
prw=ton ti/nes t' ei)si\ kai\ pw=s gi/gnontai kai\ dia\
ti/nwn to/pwn, e)pi\ th=s tw=n ou)/rwn diakri/sews, o(/ti
me\n dia\ nefrw=n, a)pefh/nato, to\ d' o(/pws gi/gnetai
pare/lipe; ma/thn ou)=n h(ma=s kai\ peri\ th=s pe/yews
e)di/dacen, o(/pws gi/gnetai, kai\ peri\ th=s tou= xolw/dous perittw/matos diakri/sews katatri/bei. h)/rkei
ga\r ei)pei=n ka)ntau=qa ta\ mo/ria, di' w(=n gi/gnetai, to\
d' o(/pws paralipei=n. a)lla\ peri\ me\n e)kei/nwn ei)=xe
le/gein, ou) mo/non di' w(=n o)rga/nwn a)lla\ kai\ kaq'
o(/ntina gi/gnetai tro/pon, w(/sper oi)=mai kai\ peri\ th=s
a)nado/sews: ou) ga\r h)/rkesen ei)pei=n au)tw=| mo/non,
o(/ti dia\ flebw=n, a)lla\ kai\ pw=s e)pech=lqen, o(/ti th=|
pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a|: peri\ de\ tw=n
ou)/rwn th=s diakri/sews, o(/ti me\n dia\ nefrw=n gi/gnetai, gra/fei, to\ d' o(/pws ou)ke/ti prosti/qhsin.
ou)de\ ga\r oi)=mai th=| pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a|
h)=n ei)pei=n: ou(/tw ga\r a)\n ou)dei\s u(p' i)sxouri/as
a)pe/qanen ou)de/pote mh\ duname/nou plei/onos e)pirruh=nai/
pote para\ to\ kenou/menon: a)/llhs ga\r
ai)ti/as mhdemia=s prosteqei/shs, a)lla\ mo/nhs th=s
pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as podhgou/shs to\
sunexe/s, ou)k e)gxwrei= ple/on e)pirruh=nai/ pote tou=
kenoume/nou. a)ll' ou)d' a)/llhn tina\ prosqei=nai
piqanh\n ai)ti/an ei)=xen, w(s e)pi\ th=s a)nado/sews th\n
e)/kqliyin th=s gastro/s. a)ll' au(/th g' e)pi\ tou=
kata\ th\n koi/lhn ai(/matos a)pwlw/lei tele/ws, ou)
tw=| mh/kei mo/non th=s a)posta/sews e)kluqei=sa, a)lla\
kai\ tw=| th\n kardi/an u(perkeime/nhn e)carpa/zein
au)th=s sfodrw=s kaq' e(ka/sthn diastolh\n ou)k
o)li/gon ai(=ma.
mo/nh dh/ tis e)/ti kai\ pa/ntwn e)/rhmos a)pelei/peto
tw=n sofisma/twn e)n toi=s ka/tw th=s koi/hs h( pro\s
to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a, dia/ te tou\s e)pi\ tai=s
i)sxouri/ais a)poqnh/skontas a)polwlekui=a th\n piqano/thta kai\ dia\ th\n tw=n nefrw=n qe/sin ou)de\n
h(=tton. ei) me\n ga\r a(/pan e)p' au)tou\s e)fe/reto to\
ai(=ma, deo/ntws a)/n tis a(/pan e)/fasken au)to\ kaqai/resqai. nuni\ de/, ou) ga\r o(/lon a)lla\ tosou=ton
au)tou= me/ros, o(/son ai( me/xri nefrw=n de/xontai
fle/bes, e)p' au)tou\s e)/rxetai, mo/non e)kei=no kaqarqh/setai. kai\ to\ me\n o)rrw=des au)tou= kai\ lepto\n
oi(=on di' h)qmw=n tinwn tw=n nefrw=n diadu/setai: to\
d' ai(matw=de/s te kai\ paxu\ kata\ ta\s fle/bas u(pome/non e)mpodw\n sth/setai tw=| kato/pin e)pirre/onti.
palindromei=n ou)=n au)to\ pro/teron e)pi\ th\n koi/lhn
a)nagkai=on kai\ kena\s ou(/tws e)rga/zesqai ta\s e)pi\
tou\s nefrou\s i)ou/sas fle/bas, ai(\ deu/teron ou)ke/ti
parakomiou=sin e)p' au)tou\s a)ka/qarton ai(=ma: kateilhfo/tos ga\r au)ta\s tou= prote/rou pa/rodos
ou)demi/a le/leiptai. ti/s ou)=n h(mi=n h( du/namis a)pa/cei pa/lin o)pi/sw tw=n nefrw=n to\ kaqaro\n ai(=ma;
ti/s de\ tou=to me\n diadecame/nh keleu/sei pa/lin pro\s
to\ ka/tw me/ros i)e/nai th=s koi/lhs, e(te/rw| d' a)/nwqen
e)piferome/nw| prosta/cei, pri\n e)pi\ tou\s nefrou\s
a)pelqei=n, mh\ fe/resqai ka/tw;
tau=t' ou)=n a(/panta sunidw\n o( *)erasi/stratos
a)poriw=n mesta\ kai\ mi/an mo/nhn do/can eu)/poron
eu(rw\n e)n a(/pasi th\n th=s o(lkh=s, ou)/t' a)porei=sqai
boulo/menos ou)/te th\n *(ippokra/tous e)qe/lwn le/gein
a)/meinon u(pe/labe siwphte/on ei)=nai peri\ tou= tro/pou th=s diakri/sews.
a)ll' ei) ka)kei=nos e)si/ghsen, h(mei=s ou) siwph/somen: i)/smen ga/r, w(s ou)k e)nde/xetai parelqo/nta
th\n *(ippokra/teion do/can, ei)=q' e(/tero/n ti peri\
nefrw=n e)nergei/as ei)po/nta mh\ ou) katage/laston
ei)=nai panta/pasi. dia\ tou=t' *)erasi/stratos me\n
e)siw/phsen, *)asklhpia/dhs d' e)yeu/sato paraplhsi/ws oi)ke/tais la/lois me\n ta\ pro/sqen tou= bi/ou
kai\ polla\ polla/kis e)gklh/mata dialusame/nois
u(po\ peritth=s panourgi/as, e)p' au)tofw/rw| de/ pote
kateilhmme/nois, ei)=t' ou)de\n e)ceuri/skousi so/fisma
ka)/peit' e)ntau=qa tou= me\n ai)dhmoneste/rou siwpw=ntos, oi(=on a)poplhci/a| tini\ kateilhmme/nou, tou= d'
a)naisxuntote/rou kru/ptontos me\n e)/q' u(po\ ma/lhs
to\ zhtou/menon, e)comnume/nou de\ kai\ mhd' e(wrake/nai
pw/pote fa/skontos. ou(/tw ga/r toi kai\ o(
*)asklhpia/dhs e)pileipo/ntwn au)to\n tw=n th=s panourgi/as
sofisma/twn kai\ mh/te th=s pro\s to\ leptomere\s
fora=s e)xou/shs e)/ti xw/ran e)ntauqoi= lhrei=sqai
mh/q' w(s u(po\ tw=n nefrw=n genna=tai touti\ to\ peri/ttwma, kaqa/per u(po\ tw=n e)n h(/pati po/rwn h( xolh/,
dunato\n o)\n ei)po/nta mh\ ou) me/giston o)flei=n ge/lwta, e)co/mnutai/ te kai\ yeu/detai fanerw=s, ou)
dih/kein le/gwn e)pi\ tou\s nefrou\s to\ ou)=ron a)ll'
a)tmoeidw=s eu)qu\s e)k tw=n kata\ th\n koi/lhn merw=n
ei)s th\n ku/stin a)qroi/zesqai.
ou(=toi me\n ou)=n toi=s e)p' au)tofw/rw| kateilhmme/nois oi)ke/tais o(moi/ws e)kplage/ntes o( me\n e)siw/phsen, o( d' a)naisxu/ntws yeu/detai.
tw=n de\ newte/rwn o(/soi toi=s tou/twn o)no/masin
e(autou\s e)se/mnunan *)erasistratei/ous te kai\ *)asklhpiadei/ous e)ponoma/santes, o(moi/ws toi=s u(po\ tou=
belti/stou *mena/ndrou kata\ ta\s kwmw|di/as ei)sagome/nois oi)ke/tais, *da/ois te/ tisi kai\ *ge/tais, ou)de\n
h(goume/nois sfi/si pepra=xqai gennai=on, ei) mh\ tri\s
e)capath/seian to\n despo/thn, ou(/tw kai\ au)toi\ kata\
pollh\n sxolh\n a)nai/sxunta sofi/smata sune/qesan, oi( me/n, i(/na mhd' o(/lws e)celegxqei/h pot'
*)asklhpia/dhs yeudo/menos, oi( d', i(/na kakw=s ei)/pwsin, a(\ kalw=s e)siw/phsen *)erasi/stratos.
a)lla\ tw=n me\n *)asklhpiadei/wn a(/lis. oi( d'
*)erasistra/teioi le/gein e)pixeirou=ntes, o(/pws oi(
nefroi\ dihqou=si to\ ou)=ron, a(/panta drw=si/ te kai\
pa/sxousi kai\ pantoi=oi gi/gnontai piqano\n e)ceurei=n ti zhtou=ntes ai)/tion o(lkh=s mh\ deo/menon.
oi( me\n dh\ plhsi/on *)erasistra/tou toi=s xro/nois
geno/menoi ta\ me\n a)/nw tw=n nefrw=n mo/ria kaqaro\n
ai(=ma lamba/nein fasi/, tw=| de\ ba/ros e)/xein to\
u(datw=des peri/ttwma bri/qein te kai\ u(porrei=n
ka/tw: dihqou/menon d' e)ntau=qa kata\ tou\s nefrou\s
au)tou\s xrhsto\n ou(/tw geno/menon a(/pasi toi=s ka/tw
tw=n nefrw=n e)pipe/mpesqai to\ ai(=ma.
kai\ me/xri ge/ tinos eu)doki/mhsen h(/de h( do/ca kai\
h)/kmase kai\ a)lhqh\s e)nomi/sqh: xro/nw| d' u(/steron
kai\ au)toi=s toi=s *)erasistratei/ois u(/poptos e)fa/nh
kai\ teleutw=ntes a)pe/sthsan au)th=s. ai)tei=sqai
ga\r e)do/koun du/o tau=ta mh/te sugxwrou/mena pro/s
tinos a)ll' ou)d' a)podeixqh=nai duna/mena, prw=ton
me\n to\ ba/ros th=s o)rrw/dous u(gro/thtos e)n th=|
koi/lh| flebi\ gennw/enon, w(/sper ou)k e)c a)rxh=s
u(pa/rxon, o(po/t' e)k th=s koili/as ei)s h(=par a)nefe/reto.
ti/ dh\ ou)=n ou)k eu)qu\s e)n e)kei/nois toi=s xwri/ois
u(pe/rrei ka/tw; pw=s d' a)/n tw| do/ceien eu)lo/gws
ei)rh=sqai suntelei=n ei)s th\n a)na/dosin h( u(datw/dhs
u(gro/ths, ei)/per ou(/tws e)sti\ barei=a;
deu/teron d' a)/topon, o(/ti ka)\n ka/tw sugxwrhqh=|
fe/resqai pa=sa kai\ mh\ kat' a)/llo xwri/on h)\ th\n
koi/lhn fle/ba, ti/na tro/pon ei)s tou\s nefrou\s
e)mpesei=tai, xalepo/n, ma=llon d' a)du/naton ei)pei=n,
mh/t' e)n toi=s ka/tw me/resi keime/nwn au)tw=n th=s
flebo\s a)ll' e)k tw=n plagi/wn mh/t' e)mfuome/nhs
ei)s au)tou\s th=s koi/lhs a)ll' a)po/fusi/n tina mo/non
ei)s e(ka/teron pempou/shs, w(/sper kai\ ei)s ta)=lla
pa/nta mo/ria.
ti/s ou)=n h( diadecame/nh tau/thn do/ca katagnwsqei=san; e)moi\ me\n h)liqiwte/ra makrw=| fai/netai
th=s prote/ras. h)/kmase d' ou)=n kai\ au(/th pote/.
fasi\ ga/r, ei) kata\ th=s gh=s e)kxuqei/h memigme/non
e)/laion u(/dati, dia/foron e(ka/teron o(do\n badiei=sqai
kai\ *r(uh/sesqai to\ me\n th=|de, to\ de\ th=|de. qaumasto\n
ou)=n ou)de\n ei)=nai/ fasin, ei) to\ me\n u(datw=des u(gro\n
ei)s tou\s nefrou\s *r(ei=, to\ d' ai(=ma dia\ th=s koi/lhs
fe/retai ka/tw. kate/gnwstai ou)=n h)/dh kai\ h(/de
h( do/ca. dia\ ti/ ga\r a)po\ th=s koi/lhs muri/wn
e)kpefukuiw=n flebw=n ai(=ma me\n ei)s ta\s a)/llas
a(pa/sas, h( d' o)rrw/dhs u(gro/ths ei)s ta\s e)pi\ tou\s
nefrou\s ferome/nas e)ktre/petai; tou=t' au)to\ to\
zhtou/menon ou)k ei)rh/kasin, a)lla\ to\ gigno/menon
ei)po/ntes mo/non oi)/ontai th\n ai)ti/an a)podedwke/nai.
pa/lin ou)=n, to\ tri/ton tw=| swth=ri, th\n xeiri/sthn
a(pasw=n do/can e)ceurhme/nhn nu=n u(po\ *lu/kou tou=
*makedo/nos, eu)dokimou=san de\ dia\ to\ kaino\n h)/dh
le/gwmen. a)pefh/nato ga\r dh\ o( *lu/kos ou(=tos,
w(/sper e)c a)du/tou tino\s xrhsmo\n a)pofqeggo/menos,
peri/ttwma th=s tw=n nefrw=n qre/yews ei)=nai to\
ou)=ron. o(/ti me\n ou)=n au)to\ to\ pino/menon a(/pan
ou)=ron gi/gnetai, plh\n ei)/ ti meta\ tw=n diaxwrhma/twn u(ph=lqen h)\ ei)s i(drw=tas a)pexw/rhsen h)\ ei)s
th\n a)/dhlon diapnoh/n, e)nargw=s e)ndei/knutai to\
plh=qos tw=n kaq' e(ka/sthn h(me/ran ou)roume/nwn.
e)n xeimw=ni de\ ma/lista maqei=n e)/stin e)pi\ tw=n
a)rgou/ntwn me/n, kwqwnizome/nwn de/, kai\ ma/list'
ei) lepto\s o( oi)=nos ei)/h kai\ po/rimos. ou)rou=si ga\r
ou(=toi dia\ taxe/wn o)li/gou dei=n, o(/sonper kai\
pi/nousin. o(/ti de\ kai\ o( *)erasi/stratos ou(/tws
e)gi/gnwsken, oi( to\ prw=ton a)negnwko/tes au)tou=
su/ggramma tw=n kaqo/lou lo/gwn e)pi/stantai. w(/sq'
o( *lu/kos ou)/t' a)lhqh= fai/netai le/gwn ou)/t' *)erasistra/teia, dh=lon d' w(s ou)d' *)asklhpia/deia, polu\
de\ ma=llon ou)d' *(ippokra/teia. leukw=| toi/nun kata\
th\n paroimi/an e)/oike ko/raki mh/t' au)toi=s toi=s ko/racin a)namixqh=nai duname/nw| dia\ th\n xro/an mh/te
tai=s peristerai=s dia\ to\ me/geqos, a)ll' ou)/ti pou
tou/tou g' e(/neka paropte/os: i)/sws ga/r ti le/gei
qaumasto/n, o(\ mhdei\s tw=n e)/mprosqen e)/gnw.
to\ me\n ou)=n a(/panta ta\ trefo/mena mo/ria poiei=n
ti peri/ttwma sugxwrou/menon, to\ de\ tou\s nefrou\s
mo/nous, ou(/tw smikra\ sw/mata, xo/as o(/lous te/ttaras h)\ kai\ plei/ous i)/sxein e)ni/ote perittw/matos
ou)/q' o(mologou/menon ou)/te lo/gon e)/xon: to\ ga\r
e(ka/stou tw=n meizo/nwn spla/gxnwn peri/ttwma
plei=on a)nagkai=on u(pa/rxein. oi(=on au)ti/ka to\ tou=
pneu/monos, ei)/per a)na/logon tw=| mege/qei tou=
spla/gxnou gi/gnoito, pollapla/sion e)/stai dh/pou tou= kata\ tou\s nefrou/s, w(/sq' o(/los me\n o(
qw/rac e)mplhsqh/setai, pnigh/setai d' au)ti/ka to\
zw=|on. a)ll' ei) i)/son fh/sei tis gi/gnesqai to\ kaq'
e(/kaston tw=n a)/llwn mori/wn peri/ttwma, dia\ poi/wn
ku/stewn e)kkri/netai; ei) ga\r oi( nefroi\ toi=s kwqwnizome/nois trei=s h)\ te/ttaras e)ni/ote xo/as poiou=si
perittw/matos, e(ka/stou tw=n a)/llwn spla/gxnwn
pollw=| plei/ous e)/sontai kai\ pi/qou tino\s ou(/tw
megi/stou deh/sei tou= decome/nou ta\ pa/ntwn perittw/mata.
kai/toi polla/kis, o(/son e)/pie/ tis, o)li/gou
dei=n ou)/rhsen a(/pan, w(s a)\n e)pi\ tou\s nefrou\s ferome/nou tou= po/matos a(/pantos.
e)/oiken ou)=n o( to\ tri/ton e)capatw=n ou(=tos ou)de\n
a)nu/ein a)ll' eu)qu\s gegone/nai kata/fwros kai\ me/nein
e)/ti to\ e)c a)rxh=s a)/poron *)erasistra/tw| te kai\ toi=s
a)/llois a(/pasi plh\n *(ippokra/tous. diatri/bw d'
e(kw\n e)n tw=| to/pw| safw=s ei)dw/s, o(/ti mhde\n ei)pei=n
e)/xei mhdei\s a)/llos peri\ th=s tw=n nefrw=n e)nergei/as,
a)ll' a)nagkai=on h)\ tw=n magei/rwn a)maqeste/rous
fai/nesqai mhd' o(/ti dihqei=tai di' au)tw=n to\ ou)=ron
o(mologou=ntas h)\ tou=to sugxwrh/santas mhde\n
e)/t' e)/xein ei)pei=n e(/teron ai)/tion th=s diakri/sews
plh\n th=s o(lkh=s.
a)ll' ei) mh\ tw=n ou)/rwn h( fora\ th=| pro\s to\
kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a| gi/gnetai, dh=lon, w(s ou)d' h(
tou= ai(/matos ou)d' h( th=s xolh=s h)\ ei)/per e)kei/nwn kai\
tou/tou: pa/nta ga\r w(sau/tws a)nagkai=on e)pitelei=sqai kai\ kat' au)to\n to\n *)erasi/straton.
ei)rh/setai d' e)pi\ ple/on u(pe\r au)tw=n e)n tw=| meta\
tau=ta gra/mmati.
*B
*(/oti me\n ou)=n a)nagkai=o/n e)stin ou)k *)erasistra/tw| mo/non a)lla\ kai\ toi=s a)/llois a(/pasin, o(/soi
me/llousi peri\ diakri/sews ou)/rwn e)rei=n ti xrhsto/n, o(mologh=sai du/nami/n tin' u(pa/rxein toi=s
nefroi=s e(/lkousan ei)s e(autou\s poio/thta toiau/thn,
oi(/a e)n toi=s ou)/rois e)sti/, dia\ tou= pro/sqen e)pide/deiktai gra/mmatos, a)namimnhsko/ntwn a(/m' au)tw=|
kai\ tou=q' h(mw=n, w(s ou)k a)/llws me\n ei)s th\n ku/stin
fe/retai ta\ ou)=ra dia\ tw=n nefrw=n, a)/llws d' ei)s
a(/panta tou= zw|/ou ta\ mo/ria to\ ai(=ma, kat' a)/llon
de/ tina tro/pon h( canqh\ xolh\ diakri/netai.
deixqei/shs ga\r e)nargw=s e)f' e(no\s ou(tinosou=n o)rga/nou
th=s e(lktikh=s te kai\ e)pispastikh=s o)nomazome/nhs
duna/mews ou)de\n e)/ti xalepo\n e)pi\ ta\ loipa\ metafe/rein au)th/n: ou) ga\r dh\ toi=s me\n nefroi=s h( fu/sis
e)/dwke/ tina toiau/thn du/namin, ou)xi\ de/ ge kai\ toi=s
to\ xolw=des u(gro\n e(/lkousin a)ggei/ois ou)de\ tou/tois
me/n, ou)ke/ti de\ kai\ tw=n a)/llwn mori/wn e(ka/stw|.
kai\ mh\n ei) tou=t' a)lhqe/s e)sti, qauma/zein xrh\ tou=
*)erasistra/tou yeudei=s ou(/tw lo/gous u(pe\r a)nado/sews
trofh=s ei)po/ntos, w(s mhd' *)asklhpia/dhn
laqei=n. kai/toi g' oi)/etai panto\s ma=llon a)lhqe\s
u(pa/rxein, w(s, ei)/per e)k tw=n flebw=n a)porre/oi
ti, duoi=n qa/teron h)\ keno\s e)/stai to/pos a)qro/ws h)\
to\ sunexe\s e)pirruh/setai th\n ba/sin a)naplhrou=n
tou= kenoume/nou. a)ll' o(/ g' *)asklhpia/dhs ou)
duoi=n qa/tero/n fhsin, a)lla\ triw=n e(/n ti xrh=nai
le/gein e)pi\ toi=s kenoume/nois a)ggei/ois e(/pesqai h)\
keno\n a)qro/ws to/pon h)\ to\ sunexe\s a)kolouqh/sein h)\
sustalh/sesqai to\ a)ggei=on. e)pi\ me\n ga\r tw=n
kala/mwn kai\ tw=n au)li/skwn tw=n ei)s to\ u(/dwr
kaqieme/nwn a)lhqe\s ei)pei=n, o(/ti kenoume/nou tou=
periexome/nou kata\ th\n eu)ruxwri/an au)tw=n a)e/ros
h)\ keno\s a)qro/ws e)/stai to/pos h)\ a)kolouqh/sei to\
sunexe/s: e)pi\ de\ tw=n flebw=n ou)ke/t' e)gxwrei=, duname/nou dh\ tou= xitw=nos au)tw=n ei)s e(auto\n suniza/nein
kai\ dia\ tou=to katapi/ptein ei)s th\n e)nto\s eu)ruxwri/an. ou(/tw me\n dh\ yeudh\s h( peri\ th=s pro\s
to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as ou)k a)po/deicis ma\ *di'
ei)/poim' a)\n a)ll' u(po/qesis *)erasistra/teios.
kaq' e(/teron d' au)= tro/pon, ei) kai\ a)lhqh\s ei)/h,
peritth/, th=s me\n koili/as e)nqli/bein tai=s fleyi\
duname/nhs, w(s au)to\s u(pe/qeto, tw=n flebw=n d' au)=
periste/llesqai tw=| e)nupa/rxonti kai\ prowqei=n
au)to/. ta/ te ga\r a)/lla kai\ plh=qos ou)k a)\n e)n tw=|
sw/mati ge/noito, th=| pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a|
mo/nh| th=s a)nado/sews e)piteloume/nhs. ei) me\n ou)=n
h( th=s gastro\s e)/nqliyis e)klu/etai proi+ou=sa kai\
me/xri panto\s a)dunato/s e)stin e)ciknei=sqai kai\ dia\
tou=t' a)/llhs tino\s dei= mhxanh=s ei)s th\n pa/nth
fora\n tou= ai(/matos, a)nagkai/a me\n h( pro\s to\
kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a proseceu/rhtai: plh=qos d'
e)n ou)deni\ tw=n meq' h(=par e)/stai mori/wn, h)/, ei)/per
a)/ra, peri\ th\n kardi/an te kai\ to\n pneu/mona. mo/nh
ga\r au(/th tw=n meq' h(=par ei)s th\n decia\n au(th=s
koili/an e(/lkei th\n trofh/n, ei)=ta dia\ th=s flebo\s
th=s a)rthriw/dous e)kpe/mpei tw=| pneu/moni: tw=n ga\r
a)/llwn ou)de\n ou)d' au)to\s o( *)erasi/stratos e)k kardi/as bou/letai tre/fesqai dia\ th\n tw=n u(me/nwn
e)pi/fusin. ei) de/ g', i(/na plh=qos ge/nhtai, fula/comen
a)/xri panto\s th\n *r(w/mhn th=s kata\ th\n koili/an
e)nqli/yews, ou)de\n e)/ti deo/meqa th=s pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as, ma/list' ei) kai\ th\n tw=n flebw=n
sunupoqoi/meqa peristolh/n, w(s au)= kai\ tou=t' au)tw=|
pa/lin a)re/skei tw=| *)erasistra/tw|.
*)anamnhste/on ou)=n au)=qis au)to/n, ka)\n mh\ bou/lhtai, tw=n nefrw=n kai\ lekte/on, w(s e)/legxos
ou(=toi fanerw/tatos a(pa/ntwn tw=n a)poxwrou/ntwn
th=s o(lkh=s: ou)dei\s ga\r ou)de\n ou)/t' ei)=pe piqano/n,
a)ll' ou)d' e)ceurei=n ei)=xe kat' ou)de/na tro/pon, w(s
e)/mprosqen e)dei/knumen, e(/teron ai)/tion ou)/rwn diakri/sews, a)ll' a)nagkai=on h)\ mai/nesqai dokei=n, ei)
fh/saimen a)tmoeidw=s ei)s th\n ku/stin i)/e/nai to\ ou)=ron
h)\ a)sxhmonei=n th=s pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as
mnhmoneu/ontas, lhrw/dous me\n ou)/shs ka)pi\ tou=
ai(/matos, a)duna/tou de\ kai\ h)liqi/ou panta/pasin
e)pi\ tw=n ou)/rwn.
*(n me\n dh\ tou=to sfa/lma tw=n a)posta/ntwn th=s
o(lkh=s: e(/teron de\ to\ peri\ th=s kata\ th\n canqh\n
xolh\n diakri/sews. ou)de\ ga\r ou)d' e)kei= pararre/ontos tou= ai(/matos ta\ sto/mata tw=n xolhdo/xwn
a)ggei/wn a)kribw=s diakriqh/setai to\ xolw=des
peri/ttwma. kai\ mh\ diakrine/sqw, fasi/n, a)lla\
sunanafere/sqw tw=| ai(/mati pa/nth tou= sw/matos.
a)ll', w)= sofw/tatoi, pronohtikh\n tou= zw|/ou kai\
texnikh\n au)to\s o( *)erasi/stratos u(pe/qeto th\n
fusin. a)lla\ kai\ to\ xolw=des u(gro\n a)/xrhston
ei)=nai pantapa/si toi=s zw|/ois e)/fasken. ou) sumbai/nei d' a)llh/lois a)/mfw tau=ta. pw=s ga\r a)\n
e)/ti pronoei=sqai tou= zw|/ou do/ceien e)pitre/pousa
sunanafe/resqai tw=| ai(/mati moxqhro\n ou(/tw xumo/n;
a)lla\ tau=ta me\n smikra/: to\ de\ me/giston kai\
safe/staton pa/lin e)ntau=q' a(ma/rthma kai\ dh\
fra/sw. ei)/per ga\r di' ou)de\n a)/ll' h)\ o(/ti paxu/teron
me/n e)sti to\ ai(=ma, leptote/ra d' h( canqh\ xolh\
kai\ ta\ me\n tw=n flebw=n eu)ru/tera sto/mata, ta\
de\ tw=n xolhdo/xwn a)ggei/wn steno/tera, dia\ tou=q'
h( me\n xolh\ toi=s stenote/rois a)ggei/ois te kai\
sto/masin e)narmo/ttei, to\ d' ai(=ma toi=s eu)rute/rois,
dh=lon, w(s kai\ to\ u(datw=des tou=to kai\ o)rrw=des
peri/ttwma tosou/tw| pro/teron ei)sruh/setai toi=s
xolhdo/xois a)ggei/ois, o(/sw| lepto/tero/n e)sti th=s
xolh=s. pw=s ou)=n ou)k ei)srei=; o(/ti paxu/tero/n e)sti
nh\ *di/a to\ ou)=ron th=s xolh=s: tou=to ga\r e)to/lmhse/
tis ei)pei=n tw=n kaq' h(ma=s *)erasistratei/wn
a)posta\s dhlono/ti tw=n ai)sqh/sewn, ai(=s e)pi/steusen
e)pi/ te th=s xolh=s kai\ tou= ai(/matos. ei)/te ga\r
o(/ti ma=llon h( xolh\ tou= ai(/matos *r(ei=, dia\ tou=to
leptote/ran au)th\n h(mi=n e)sti nomiste/on, ei)/q' o(/ti
di' o)qo/nhs h)\ *r(a/kous h)/ tinos h)qmou= *r(a=|on diece/rxetai
kai\ tau/ths to\ o)rrw=des peri/ttwma, kata\ tau=ta
ta\ gnwri/smata paxute/ra th=s u(datw/dous u(gro/thtos kai\ au(/th genh/setai. pa/lin ga\r ou)d'
e)ntau=qa lo/gos ou)dei/s e)stin, o(\s a)podei/cei lepto\te/ran th\n xolh\n tw=n o)rrwdw=n perittwma/twn.
a)ll' o(/tan tis a)naisxunth=| periple/kwn te kai\
mh/pw katapeptwke/nai sugxwrw=n, o(/moios e)/stai
toi=s i)diw/tais tw=n palaistw=n, oi(\ katablhqe/ntes
u(po\ tw=n palaistrikw=n kai\ kata\ th=s gh=s u(/ptioi
kei/menoi tosou/tou de/ousi to\ ptw=ma gnwri/zein,
w(/ste kai\ kratou=si tw=n au)xe/nwn au)tou\s tou\s
katabalo/ntas ou)k e)w=ntes a)palla/ttesqai, ka)n
tou/tw| nika=n u(polamba/nousi.
lh=ros ou)=n makro\s a(/pasa po/rwn u(po/qesis ei)s
fusikh\n e)ne/rgeian. ei) mh\ ga\r du/nami/s tis su/mfutos e(ka/stw| tw=n o)rga/nwn u(po\ th=s fu/sews
eu)qu\s e)c a)rxh=s doqei/h, diarkei=n ou) dunh/setai ta\
zw=|a, mh\ o(/ti tosou=ton a)riqmo\n e)tw=n a)ll' ou)d'
h(merw=n o)ligi/stwn: a)nepitro/peuta ga\r e)a/santes
au)ta\ kai\ te/xnhs kai\ pronoi/as e)/rhma mo/nais tai=s
tw=n u(lw=n oi)akizo/mena *r(opai=s, ou)damou= duna/mews
ou)demia=s th=s me\n e(lkou/shs to\ prosh=kon e(auth=|,
th=s d' a)pwqou/shs to\ a)llo/trion, th=s d' a)lloiou/shs
te kai\ prosfuou/shs to\ qre/yon, ou)k oi)=d' o(/pws ou)k
a)\n ei)/hmen katage/lastoi peri/ te tw=n fusikw=n
e)nergeiw=n dialego/menoi kai\ polu\ ma=llon e)/ti peri\
tw=n yuxikw=n kai\ sumpa/shs ge th=s zwh=s.
ou)de\ ga\r zh=n ou)de\ diame/nein ou)deni\ tw=n zw|/wn
ou)d' ei)s e)la/xiston xro/non e)/stai dunato/n, ei)
tosau=ta kekthme/non e)n e(autw=| mo/ria kai\ ou(/tw
diafe/ronta mh/q' e(lktikh=| tw=n oi)kei/wn xrh/setai
duna/mei mh/t' a)pokritikh=| tw=n a)llotri/wn mh/t'
a)lloiwtikh=| tw=n qreyo/ntwn. kai\ mh\n ei) tau/tas
e)/xoimen, ou)de\n e)/ti po/rwn mikrw=n h)\ mega/lwn e)c
u(poqe/sews a)napodei/ktou lambanome/nwn ei)s ou)/rou
kai\ xolh=s dia/krisin deo/meqa kai/ tinos e)pikai/rou
qe/sews, e)n w(=| mo/nw| swfronei=n e)/oiken o( *)erasi/stratos a(/panta kalw=s teqh=nai/ te kai\ diaplas qh=nai
ta\ mo/ria tou= sw/matos u(po\ th=s fu/sews
oi)o/menos.
a)ll' ei) parakolouqh/seien e(autw=| fu/sin o)noma/zonti texnikh/n, eu)qu\s me\n e)c a)rxh=s a(/panta
kalw=s diapla/sasa/n te kai\ diaqei=san tou= zw|/ou
ta\ mo/ria, meta\ de\ th\n toiau/thn e)ne/rgeian, w(s
ou)de\n e)/leipen, e)/ti proagagou=san ei)s fw=s au)to\
su/n tisi duna/mesin, w(=n a)/neu zh=n ou)k h)du/nato, kai\
meta\ tau=ta kata\ braxu\ prosauch/sasan a)/xri
tou= pre/pontos mege/qous, ou)k oi)=da pw=s u(pome/nei
po/rwn smikro/thsin h)\ mege/qesin h)/ tisin a)/llais
ou(/tw lhrw/desin u(poqe/sesi fusika\s e)nergei/as
e)pitre/pein. h( ga\r diapla/ttousa ta\ mo/ria fu/sis
e)kei/nh kai\ kata\ braxu\ prosau/cousa pa/ntws
dh/pou di' o(/lwn au)tw=n e)kte/tatai: kai\ ga\r o(/la di'
o(/lwn ou)k e)/cwqen mo/non au)ta\ diapla/ttei te kai\
tre/fei kai\ prosau/cei. *pracite/lhs me\n ga\r h)\
*feidi/as h)/ tis a)/llos a)galmatopoio\s e)/cwqen mo/non
e)ko/smoun ta\s u(/las, kaqa\ kai\ yau/ein au)tw=n h)du/nanto, to\ ba/qos d' a)ko/smhton kai\ a)rgo\n kai\
a)/texnon kai\ a)prono/hton a)pe/lipon, w(s a)\n mh\
duna/menoi katelqei=n ei)s au)to\ kai\ katadu=nai kai\
qigei=n a(pa/ntwn th=s u(/lhs tw=n merw=n. h( fu/sis d'
ou)x ou(/tws, a)lla\ to\ me\n o)stou= me/ros a(/pan o)stou=n
a)potelei=, to\ de\ sarko\s sa/rka, to\ de\ pimelh=s
pimelh\n kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kaston: ou)de\n ga/r e)stin
a)/yauston au)th=| me/ros ou)d' a)nece/rgaston ou)d'
a)ko/smhton. a)lla\ to\n me\n khro\n o( *feidi/as ou)k
h)du/nato poiei=n e)le/fanta kai\ xruso/n, a)ll' ou)de\
to\n xruso\n khro/n: e(/kaston ga\r au)tw=n me/non, oi(=on
h)=n e)c a)rxh=s, e)/cwqen mo/non h)mfiesme/non ei)=do/s ti
kai\ sxh=ma texniko/n, a)/galma te/leion ge/gonen. h(
fu/sis d' ou)demia=s e)/ti fula/ttei tw=n u(lw=n th\n
a)rxai/an i)de/an: ai(=ma ga\r a)\n h)=n ou(/tws a(/panta
tou= zw|/ou ta\ mo/ria, to\ para\ th=s kuou/shs e)pirre/on tw=| spe/rmati, di/khn khrou= tinos u(/lh mi/a kai\
monoeidh\s u(pobeblhme/nh tw=| texni/th|. gi/gnetai
d' e)c au)th=s ou)de\n tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn ou)/t' e)ruqro\n ou(/tws ou)/q' u(gro/n. o)stou=n ga\r kai\ a)rthri/a
kai\ fle\y kai\ neu=ron kai\ xo/ndros kai\ pimelh\ kai\
a)dh\n kai\ u(mh\n kai\ muelo\s a)/naima me/n, e)c ai(/matos
de\ ge/gone.
ti/nos a)lloiw/santos kai\ ti/nos ph/cantos kai\
ti/nos diapla/santos e)deo/mhn a)/n moi to\n *)erasi/straton au)to\n a)pokri/nasqai. pa/ntws ga\r a)\n
ei)=pen h)/toi th\n fu/sin h)\ to\ spe/rma, tau)to\n me\n
le/gwn kaq' e(ka/teron, diafo/rois d' e)pinoi/ais e(rmhneu/wn: o(\ ga\r h)=n pro/teron spe/rma, tou=q', o(/tan
a)/rchtai fu/ein te kai\ diapla/ttein to\ zw=|on, fu/sis
tis gi/gnetai. kaqa/per ga\r o( *feidi/as ei)=xe me\n ta\s
duna/meis th=s te/xnhs kai\ pri\n yau/ein th=s u(/lhs,
e)nh/rgei d' au)tai=s peri\ th\n u(/lhn--a(/pasa ga\r
du/namis a)rgei= a)porou=sa th=s oi)kei/as u(/lhs--, ou(/tw
kai\ to\ spe/rma ta\s me\n duna/meis oi)/koqen e)ke/kthto,
ta\s d' e)nergei/as ou)k e)k th=s u(/lhs e)/laben, a)lla\
peri\ th\n u(/lhn e)pedei/cato.
kai\ mh\n ei) pollw=| me\n e)piklu/zoito tw=| ai(/mati
to\ spe/rma, diafqei/roit' a)/n: ei) d' o(/lws a)poroi/h
panta/pasin a)rgou=n, ou)k a)\n ge/noito fu/sis. i(/n'
ou)=n mh/te fqei/rhtai kai\ gi/gnhtai fu/sis a)nti\
spe/rmatos, o)li/gon e)pirrei=n a)nagkai=on au)tw=| tou=
ai(/matos, ma=llon d' ou)k o)li/gon le/gein xrh/, a)lla\
su/mmetron tw=| plh/qei tou= spe/rmatos. ti/s ou)=n
o( metrw=n au)tou= to\ poso\n th=s e)pirroh=s; ti/s o(
kwlu/wn i)e/nai ple/on; ti/s o( protre/pwn, i(/n' e)ndee/steron mh\ i)/h|; ti/na zhth/somen e)ntau=qa tri/ton
e)pista/thn tou= zw|/ou th=s gene/sews, o(\s xorhgh/sei
tw=| spe/rmati to\ su/mmetron ai(=ma; ti/ a)\n ei)=pen
*)erasi/stratos, ei) zw=n tau=t' h)rwth/qh; to\ spe/rma
au)to\ dhlono/ti: tou=to ga/r e)stin o( texni/ths o( a)nalogw=n tw=| *feidi/a|, to\ d' ai(=ma tw=| khrw=| prose/oiken.
ou)/koun pre/pei to\n khro\n au)to\n e(autw=| to\
me/tron e)ceuri/skein, a)lla\ to\n *feidi/an. e(/lcei dh\
tosou=ton ai(/matos o( texni/ths ei)s e(auto/n, o(po/sou
dei=tai. a)ll' e)ntau=qa xrh\ prose/xein h)/dh to\n
nou=n kai\ skopei=n, mh/ pws la/qwmen tw=| spe/rmati
logismo/n tina kai\ nou=n xarisa/menoi: ou(/tw ga\r
a)\n ou)/te spe/rma poih/saimen ou)/te fu/sin a)ll' h)/dh
zw=|on au)to/. kai\ mh\n ei) fula/comen a)mfo/tera,
th/n q' o(lkh\n tou= summe/trou kai\ to\ xwri\s
logismou=, du/nami/n tina, kaqa/per h( li/qos e(lktikh\n ei)=xe tou= sidh/rou, kai\ tw=| spe/rmati fh/somen
u(pa/rxein ai(/matos e)pispastikh/n. h)nagka/sqhmen
ou)=n pa/lin ka)ntau=qa, kaqa/per h)/dh polla/kis
e)/mprosqen, e(lktikh/n tina du/namin o(mologh=sai
kata\ to\ spe/rma.
ti/ d' h)=n to\ spe/rma; h( a)rxh\ tou= zw|/ou dhlono/ti
h( drastikh/: h( ga\r u(likh\ to\ katamh/nio/n e)stin.
ei)=t' au)th=s th=s a)rxh=s prw/th| tau/th| th=| duna/mei
xrwme/nhs, i(/na ge/nhtai tw=n u(p' au)th=s ti dedhmiourghme/nwn, a)/moiron ei)=nai th=s oi)kei/as duna/mews
ou)k nde/xetai. pw=s ou)=n *)erasi/stratos au)th\n
ou)k oi)=den, ei) dh\ prw/th me\n au(/th tou= spe/rmatos
e)ne/rg ia to\ su/mmetron ai(/matos e)pispa=sqai pro\s
e(auto/; su/mmetron d' a)\n ei)/h to\ lepto\n ou(/tw kai\
a)tmw=des, w(/st' eu)qu\s ei)s pa=n mo/rion e(lko/menon tou=
spe/rmatos drosoeidw=s mhdamou= th\n e(autou=
paremfai/nein i)de/an. ou(/tw ga\r au)tou= kai\ krath/sei *r(adi/ws to\ spe/rma kai\ taxe/ws e)comoiw/sei kai\
trofh\n e(autw=| poih/setai ka)/peit' oi)=mai deu/teron
e)pispa/setai kai\ tri/ton, w(s o)/gkon e(autw=| kai\
plh=qos a)cio/logon e)rga/sasqai trafe/nti. kai\
mh\n h)/dh kai\ h( a)lloiwtikh\ du/namis e)ceu/rhtai mhd'
au)th\ pro\s *)erasistra/tou gegramme/nh. tri/th d'
a)\n h( diaplastikh\ fanei/h, kaq' h(\n prw=ton me\n
oi(=on e)pi/pago/n tina lepto\n u(me/na periti/qhsin
e(autw=| to\ spe/rma, to\n u(f' *(ippokra/tous e)pi\ th=s
e(ktai/as gonh=s, h(\n e)kpesei=n e)/lege th=s mousourgou=,
tw=| tw=n w)w=n ei)kasqe/nta xitw=ni: meta\ de\ tou=ton
h)/dh kai\ ta)=ll', o(/sa pro\s e)kei/nou le/getai dia\ tou=
peri\ fu/sios paidi/ou suggra/mmatos.
a)ll' ei) tw=n diaplasqe/ntwn e(/kaston ou(/tw
mei/neie smikro/n, w(s e)c a)rxh=s e)ge/neto, ti/ a)\n ei)/h
ple/on; au)ca/nesqai toi/nun au)ta\ xrh/. pw=s ou)=n
au)chqh/setai; pa/nth diateino/mena q' a(/ma kai\
trefo/mena. kai/ moi tw=n e)/mprosqen ei)rhme/nwn
e)pi\ th=s ku/stews, h(\n oi( pai=des e)mfusw=ntes
e)/tribon, a)namnhsqei\s maqh/sh| ma=llon ka)k tw=n nu=n
*r(hqhsome/nwn.
e)nno/hson ga\r dh\ th\n kardi/an ou(/tw me\n mikra\n
ei)=nai kat' a)rxa/s, w(s ke/gxrou mhde\n diafe/rein h)/,
ei) bou/lei, kua/mou, kai\ zh/thson, o(/pws a)\n a)/llws
au(/th ge/noito mega/lh xwri\s tou= pa/nth diateinome/nhn tre/fesqai di' o(/lhs e(auth=s, w(s o)li/gw| pro/sqen e)dei/knuto to\ spe/rma trefo/menon. a)ll' ou)de\
tou=t' *)erasi/stratos oi)=den o( th\n te/xnhn th=s
fu/sews u(mnw=n, a)ll' ou(/tws au)ca/nesqai ta\ zw=|a
nomi/zei kaqa/per tina\ krhse/ran h)\ seira\n h)\ sa/kkon
h)\ ta/laron, w(=n e(ka/stw| kata\ to\ pe/ras e)piplekome/nwn o(moi/wn e(te/rwn toi=s e)c a)rxh=s au)ta\ suntiqei=sin h( pro/sqesis gi/gnetai.
a)lla\ tou=to/ g' ou)k au)/chsi/s e)stin a)lla\ ge/nesis, w)= sofw/tate: gi/gnetai ga\r o( qu/lakos e)/ti kai\
o( sa/kkos kai\ qoi)ma/tion kai\ h( oi)ki/a kai\ to\ ploi=on
kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kaston, o(/tan mhde/pw to\ prosh=kon ei)=dos, ou(= xa/rin u(po\ tou= texni/tou dhmiourgei=tai, sumpeplhrwme/non h)=|. po/t' ou)=n au)ca/netai;
o(/tan h)/dh te/leios w)\n o( ta/laros, w(s e)/xein puqme/na
te/ tina kai\ sto/ma kai\ oi(=on gaste/ra kai\ ta\
tou/twn metacu/, mei/zwn a(/pasi tou/tois ge/nhtai.
kai\ pw=s e)/stai tou=to; fh/sei tis. pw=s d' a)/llws
h)\ ei) zw=|on e)cai/fnhs h)\ futo\n o( ta/laros h(mi=n
ge/noito; mo/nwn ga\r tw=n zw/ntwn h( au)/chsis. su\
d' i)/sws oi)/ei th\n oi)ki/an oi)kodomoume/nhn au)ca/nesqai
kai\ to\n ta/laron pleko/menon kai\ qoi)ma/tion
u(faino/menon. a)ll' ou)x w(=d' e)/xei: tou= me\n ga\r
h)/dh sumpeplhrwme/nou kata\ to\ ei)=dos h( au)/chsis,
tou= d' e)/ti gignome/nou h( ei)s to\ ei)=dos o(do\s ou)k
au)/chsis a)lla\ ge/nesis o)noma/zetai: au)ca/netai me\n
ga\r to\ o)/n, gi/gnetai de\ to\ ou)k o)/n.
kai\ tau=t' *)erasi/stratos ou)k oi)=den, o(\n ou)de\n
lanqa/nei, ei)/per o(/lws a)lhqeu/ousin oi( a)p' au)tou=
fa/skontes w(milhke/nai toi=s e)k tou= peripa/tou
filoso/fois au)to/n. a)/xri me\n ou)=n tou= th\n fu/sin
u(mnei=n w(s texnikh\n ka)gw\ gnwri/zw ta\ tou= peripa/tou do/gmata, tw=n d' a)/llwn ou)de\n ou)d' e)ggu/s.
ei) ga/r tis o(milh/seie toi=s *)aristote/lous kai\
*qeofra/stou gra/mmasi, th=s *(ippokra/tous a)\n
au)ta\ do/ceie fusiologi/as u(pomnh/mata sugkei=sqai,
to\ qermo\n kai\ to\ yuxro\n kai\ to\ chro\n kai\ to\
u(gro\n ei)s a)/llhla drw=nta kai\ pa/sxonta kai\
tou/twn au)tw=n drastikw/taton me\n to\ qermo/n,
deu/teron de\ th=| duna/mei to\ yuxro\n *(ippokra/tous
tau=ta su/mpanta prw/tou, deute/rou d' *)aristote/lous ei)po/ntos. tre/fesqai de\ di' o(/lwn au(tw=n
ta\ trefo/mena kai\ kera/nnusqai di' o(/lwn ta\
kerannu/mena kai\ a)lloiou=sqai di' o(/lwn ta\ a)lloiou/mena, kai\ tau=q' *(ippokra/teia/ q' a(/ma kai\
*)aristote/leia. kai\ th\n pe/yin a)lloi/wsi/n tin'
u(pa/rxein kai\ metabolh\n tou= tre/fontos ei)s th\n
oi)kei/an tou= trefome/nou poio/thta, th\n d' e)caima/twsin a)lloi/wsin ei)=nai kai\ th\n qre/yin w(sau/tws
kai\ th\n au)/chsin e)k th=s pa/nth diata/sews kai\
qre/yews gi/gnesqai, th\n d' a)lloi/wsin u(po\ tou=
qermou= ma/lista suntelei=sqai kai\ dia\ tou=to kai\
th\n pe/yin kai\ th\n qre/yin kai\ th\n tw=n xumw=n
a(pa/ntwn ge/nesin, h)/dh de\ kai\ toi=s perittw/masi
ta\s poio/thtas u(po\ th=s e)mfu/tou qermasi/as e)ggi/gnesqai, tau=ta su/mpanta kai\ pro\s tou/tois e(/tera
polla\ ta/ te tw=n proeirhme/nwn duna/mewn kai\
ta\ tw=n noshma/twn th=s gene/sews kai\ ta\ tw=n
i)ama/twn th=s eu(re/sews *(ippokra/ths me\n prw=tos
a(pa/ntwn w(=n i)/smen o)rqw=s ei)=pen, *)aristote/lhs de\
deu/teros o)rqw=s e)chgh/sato. kai\ mh\n ei) tau=ta
su/mpanta toi=s e)k tou= peripa/tou dokei=, kaqa/per
ou)=n dokei=, mhde\n d' au)tw=n a)re/skei tw=| *)erasistra/tw|, ti/ pote bou/letai toi=s *)erasistratei/ois h(
pros tou\s filoso/fous e)kei/nous tou= th=s ai(re/sews
au)tw=n h(gemo/nos o(mili/a; qauma/zousi me\n ga\r
au)to\n w(s qeo\n kai\ pa/nt' a)lhqeu/ein nomi/zousin.
ei) d' ou(/tws e)/xei tau=ta, pa/mpolu dh/pou th=s
a)lhqei/as e)sfa/lqai xrh\ nomi/zein tou\s e)k tou=
peripa/tou filoso/fous, oi(=s mhde\n w(=n *)erasi/stratos u(pela/mbanen a)re/skei. kai\ mh\n w(/sper
tin' eu)ge/neian au)tw=| th=s fusiologi/as th\n pro\s
tou\s a)/ndras e)kei/nous sunousi/an e)kpori/zousi.
pa/lin ou)=n a)nastre/ywmen to\n lo/gon e(te/rws h)\
w(s o)li/gw| pro/sqen e)tu/xomen ei)po/ntes. ei)/per ga\r
oi( e)k tou= peripa/tou kalw=s e)fusiolo/ghsan,
ou)de\n a)\n ei)/h lhrwde/steron *)erasistra/tou kai\
di/dwmi toi=s *)erasistratei/ois au)toi=s th\n ai(/resin:
h)\ ga\r to\n pro/teron lo/gon h)\ tou=ton prosh/sontai.
le/gei d' o( me\n pro/teros ou)de\n o)rqw=s e)gnwke/nai
peri\ fu/sews tou\s peripathtikou/s, o( de\ deu/teros
*)erasi/straton. e)mo\n me\n ou)=n u(pomnh=sai tw=n
dogma/twn th\n ma/xhn, e)kei/nwn d' h( ai(/resis.
a)ll' ou)k a)\n a)postai=en tou= qauma/zein *)erasi/straton: ou)kou=n siwpa/twsan peri\ tw=n e)k tou=
peripa/tou filoso/fwn. pampo/llwn ga\r o)/ntwn
dogma/twn fusikw=n peri/ te ge/nesin kai\ fqora\n
tw=n zw|/wn kai\ u(gi/eian kai\ no/sous kai\ ta\s qerapei/as au)tw=n e(\n mo/non eu(reqh/setai tau)to\n *)erasistra/tw| ka)kei/nois toi=s a)ndra/si, to/ tinos e(/neka
pa/nta poiei=n th\n fu/sin kai\ ma/thn mhde/n.
a)lla\ kai\ au)to\ tou=to me/xri lo/gou koino/n,
e)/rgw| de\ muria/kis *)erasi/stratos au)to\ diafqei/rei:
ma/thn me\n ga\r o( splh\n e)ge/neto, ma/thn de\ to\
e)pi/ploon, ma/thn d' ai( ei)s tou\s nefrou\s a)rthri/ai
katafuo/menai, sxedo\n a(pasw=n tw=n a)po\ th=s
mega/lhs a)rthri/as a)poblastanousw=n ou)=sai
me/gistai, ma/thn d' a)/lla muri/a kata/ ge to\n
*)erasistra/teion lo/gon: a(/per ei) me\n ou)d' o(/lws
gignw/skei, braxei= magei/rou sofw/tero/s e)stin e)n
tai=s a)natomai=s, ei) d' ei)dw\s ou) le/gei th\n xrei/an
au)tw=n, oi)/etai dhlono/ti paraplhsi/ws tw=| splhni\
ma/thn au)ta\ gegone/nai. kai/toi ti/ tau=t' e)pece/rxomai th=s peri\ xrei/as mori/wn pragmatei/as
o)/nta mellou/shs h(mi=n i)di/a| perai/nesqai;
pa/lin ou)=n a)nala/bwmen to\n au)to\n lo/gon
ei)po/ntes te/ ti braxu\ pro\s tou\s *)erasistratei/ous
e)/ti tw=n e)fech=s e)xw/meqa. dokou=si ga/r moi mhde\n
a)negnwke/nai tw=n *)aristote/lous ou(=toi suggramma/twn, a)ll' a)/llwn a)kou/ontes, w(s deino\s h)=n peri\
fu/sin o( a)/nqrwpos kai\ w(s oi( a)po\ th=s stoa=s kat'
i)/xnh th=s e)kei/nou fusiologi/as badi/zousin, ei)=q'
eu(ro/ntes e(/n ti tw=n periferome/nwn dogma/twn
koino\n au)tw=| pro\s *)erasi/straton a)napla/sai tina\
sunousi/an au)tou= pro\s e)kei/nous tou\s a)/ndras.
a)ll' o(/ti me\n th=s *)aristote/lous fusiologi/as
ou)de\n *)erasistra/tw| me/testin, o( kata/logos tw=n
proeirhme/nwn e)ndei/knutai dogma/twn, a(\ prw/tou
me\n *(ippokra/tous h)=n, deute/rou d' *)aristote/lous,
tri/twn de\ tw=n *stwi+kw=n, e(no\s mo/nou metatiqeme/nou
tou= ta\s poio/thtas ei)=nai sw/mata.
ta/xa d' a)\n th=s logikh=s e(/neka qewri/as w(milhke/nai fai=en to\n *)erasi/straton toi=s e)k tou=
peripa/tou filoso/fois, ou)k ei)do/tes, w(s e)kei=noi
me\n yeudei=s kai\ a)pera/ntous ou)k e)/grayan lo/gous,
ta\ d' *)erasistra/teia bibli/a pampo/llous e)/xei
tou\s toiou/tous.
ta/x' a)\n ou)=n h)/dh tis qauma/zoi kai\ diaporoi/h,
ti/ paqw\n o( *)erasi/stratos ei)s tosou=ton tw=n
*(ippokra/tous dogma/twn a)petra/peto kai\ dia\
ti/ tw=n e)n h(/pati po/rwn tw=n xolhdo/xwn, a(/lis
ga\r h)/dh nefrw=n, a)felo/menos th\n e(lktikh\n
du/namin e)pi/kairon ai)tia=tai qe/sin kai\ stoma/twn
steno/thta kai\ xw/ran tina\ koinh/n, ei)s h(\n para/gousi me\n ai( a)po\ tw=n pulw=n to\ a)ka/qarton ai(=ma,
metalamba/nousi de\ pro/teroi me\n oi( po/roi th\n
xolh/n, deu/terai d' ai( a)po\ th=s koi/lhs flebo\s
to\ kaqaro\n ai(=ma. pro\s ga\r tw=| mhde\n a)\n blabh=nai th\n o(lkh\n ei)pw\n a)/llwn muri/wn e)/mellen
a)mfisbhtoume/nwn a)palla/cesqai lo/gwn.
w(s nu=n ge po/lemos ou) smikro/s e)sti toi=s
*)erasistratei/ois ou) pro\s tou\s a)/llous mo/non
a)lla\ kai\ pro\s a)llh/lous, ou)k e)/xousin, o(/pws
e)chgh/swntai th\n e)k tou= prw/tou tw=n kaqo/lou
lo/gwn le/cin, e)n h(=| fhsin: "*ei)s to\ au)to\ d' a)nestomwme/nwn e(te/rwn du/o a)ggei/wn tw=n t' e)pi\ th\n
xolhdo/xon teino/ntwn kai\ tw=n e)pi\ th\n koi/lhn
fle/ba sumbai/nei th=s a)naferome/nhs e)k th=s
koili/as trofh=s ta\ e)narmo/zonta e(kate/rois tw=n
stoma/twn ei)s e(ka/tera tw=n a)ggei/wn metalamba/nesqai kai\ ta\ me\n e)pi\ th\n xolhdo/xon
fe/resqai, ta\ d' e)pi\ th\n koi/lhn fle/ba peraiou=sqai." to\ ga\r "ei)s to\ au)to\ a)nestomwme/nwn,"
o(\ kat' a)rxa\s th=s le/cews ge/graptai, ti/ pote xrh\
noh=sai, xalepo\n ei)pei=n. h)/toi ga\r ou(/tws ei)s
tau)to/n, w(/ste tw=| th=s e)n toi=s simoi=s flebo\s
pe/rati suna/ptein du/o e(/tera pe/rata, to/ t' e)n toi=s
kurtoi=s kai\ to\ tou= xolhdo/xou po/rou, h)/, ei) mh\
ou(/tw, xw/ran tina\ koinh\n e)pinoh=sai xrh\ tw=n
triw=n a)ggei/wn oi(=on decamenh/n tina, plhroume/nhn
me\n u(po\ th=s ka/tw flebo/s, e)kkenoume/nhn d' ei)/s te
tou\s xolhdo/xous po/rous kai\ ta\s th=s koi/lhs
a)posxi/das: kaq' e(kate/ran de\ tw=n e)chgh/sewn
a)/topa polla/, peri\ w(=n ei) pa/ntwn le/goimi, la/qoim'
a)\n e)mauto\n e)chgh/seis *)erasistra/tou gra/fwn,
ou)x, o(/per e)c a)rxh=s prou)qe/mhn, perai/nwn. koino\n
d' a)mfote/rais tai=s e)chgh/sesin a)/topon to\ mh\
kaqai/resqai pa=n to\ ai(=ma. xrh\ ga\r w(s ei)s
h)qmo/n tina to\ xolhdo/xon a)ggei=on e)mpi/ptein
au)to/, ou) pare/rxesqai kai\ pararrei=n w)ke/ws ei)s
to\ mei=zon sto/ma th=| *r(u/mh| th=s a)nado/sews fero/menon.
a)=r' ou)=n e)n tou/tois mo/non a)pori/ais a)fu/ktois o(
*)erasistra/tou lo/gos e)ne/xetai mh\ boulhqe/ntos
xrh/sasqai tai=s e(lktikai=s duna/mesin ei)s mhde/n, h)\
sfodro/tata me\n e)n tou/tois kai\ safw=s ou(/tws, w(s
a)\n mhde\ pai=da laqei=n;
ei) d' e)piskopoi=to/ tis e)pimelw=s, ou)d' o( peri\
qre/yews au)tou= lo/gos, o(\n e)n tw=| deute/rw| tw=n
kaqo/lou lo/gwn diece/rxetai, ta\s au)ta\s a)pori/as
e)kfeu/gei. th=| ga\r pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a|
sugxwrhqe/ntos e(no\s lh/mmatos, w(s pro/sqen
e)dei/knumen, e)pe/raine/ ti peri\ flebw=n mo/nwn kai\
tou= kat' au)ta\s ai(/matos. e)kre/ontos ga/r tinos
kata\ ta\ sto/mat' au)tw=n kai\ diaforoume/nou kai\
mh/t' a)qro/ws to/pou kenou= duname/nou gene/sqai
mh/te tw=n flebw=n sumpesei=n, tou=to ga\r h)=n to\
paraleipo/menon, a)nagkai=on h)=n e(/pesqai to\ sunexe\s
a)naplhrou=n tou= kenou me/nou th\n ba/sin. ai( me\n
dh\ fle/bes h(mi=n ou(/tw qre/yontai tou= periexome/nou
kat' au)ta\s ai(/matos a)polau/ousai: ta\ de\ neu=ra
pw=s; ou) ga\r dh\ ka)n tou/tois e)sti\n ai(=ma. pro/xeiron me\n ga\r h)=n ei)pei=n, e(/lkonta para\ tw=n
flebw=n: a)ll' ou) bou/letai. ti/ pot' ou)=n ka)ntau=qa e)pitexna=tai; fle/bas e)/xein e)n e(autw=|
kai\ a)rthri/as to\ neu=ron w(/sper tina\ seira\n e)k
triw=n i(ma/ntwn diafero/ntwn th=| fu/sei peplegme/nhn. w)h/qh ga\r e)k tau/ths th=s u(poqe/sews
e)kfeu/cesqai tw=| lo/gw| th\n o(lkh/n: ou) ga\r a)\n e)/ti
deh/sesqai to\ neu=ron e)n e(autw=| perie/xon ai(/matos
a)ggei=on e)pirru/tou tino\s e)/cwqen e)k th=s parakeime/nhs flebo\s th=s a)lhqinh=s ai(/matos e(te/rou,
a)ll' i(kano\n au)tw=| pro\s th\n qre/yin e)/sesqai
to\ kateyeusme/non a)ggei=on e)kei=no to\ lo/gw| qewrhto/n.
a)lla\ ka)ntau=qa pa/lin au)to\n o(moi/a tis a)pori/a
diede/cato. touti\ ga\r to\ smikro\n a)ggei=on e(auto\
me\n qre/yei, to\ parakei/menon me/ntoi neu=ron e)kei=no
to\ a(plou=n h)\ th\n a)rthri/an ou)x oi(=o/n t' e)/stai
tre/fein a)/neu tou= su/mfuto/n tin' u(pa/rxein au)toi=s
o(lkh\n th=s trofh=s. th=| me\n ga\r pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a| pw=s a)\n e)/ti du/naito th\n trofh\n
e)pispa=sqai to\ a(plou=n neu=ron, w(/sper ai( fle/bes
ai( su/nqetoi; koilo/ths me\n ga/r ti/s e)stin e)n au)tw=|
kat' au)to/n, a)ll' ou)x ai(/matos au(/th g' a)lla\
pneu/matos yuxikou= mesth/. deo/meqa d' h(mei=s
ou)k ei)s th\n koilo/thta tau/thn ei)sa/gein tw=| lo/gw|
th\n trofh\n a)ll' ei)s to\ perie/xon au)th\n a)ggei=on,
ei)/t' ou)=n tre/fesqai mo/non ei)/te kai\ au)/cesqai de/oito.
pw=s ou)=n ei)sa/comen; ou(/tw ga/r e)sti smikro\n e)kei=no
to\ a(plou=n a)ggei=on kai\ me/ntoi kai\ tw=n a)/llwn
e(ka/teron, w(/st', ei) th=| leptota/th| belo/nh| nu/ceia/s
ti me/ros, a(/ma diairh/seis ta\ tri/a. to/pos ou)=n
ai)sqhto\s a)qro/ws keno\s ou)k a)/n pot' e)n au)tw=|
ge/noito: lo/gw| de\ qewrhto\s to/pos kenou/menos ou)k
h)=n a)nagkastiko\s th=s tou= sunexou=s a)kolouqi/as.
h)boulo/mhn d' au)= pa/lin moi ka)ntau=qa to\n
*)erasi/straton au)to\n a)pokri/nasqai peri\ tou=
stoixeiw/dous e)kei/nou neu/rou tou= smikrou=, po/teron
e(/n ti kai\ sunexe\s a)kribw=s e)stin h)\ e)k pollw=n
kai\ smikrw=n swma/twn, w(=n *)epi/kouros kai\
*leu/kippos kai\ *dhmo/kritos u(pe/qento, su/g keitai.
kai\ ga\r kai\ peri\ tou/tou tou\s *)erasistratei/ous
o(rw= diaferome/nous. oi( me\n ga\r e(/n ti kai\ sunexe\s
au)to\ nomi/zousin h)\ ou)k a)\n a(plou=n ei)rh=sqai pro\s
au)tou= fasi: tine\s de\ kai\ tou=to dialu/ein ei)s e(/tera
stoixeiw/dh tolmw=sin. a)ll' ei) me\n e(/n ti kai\
sunexe/s e)sti, to\ kenou/menon e)c au)tou= kata\ th\n
a)/dhlon u(po\ tw=n i)atrw=n o)nomazome/nhn diapnoh\n
ou)demi/an e)n e(autw=| katalei/yei xw/ran kenh/n.
ou(/tw ga\r ou)x e(\n a)lla\ polla\ genh/setai, dieirgo/mena dh/pou tai=s kenai=s xw/rais. ei) d' e)k pollw=n
su/gkeitai, th=| khpai/a| kata\ th\n paroimi/an pro\s
*)asklhpia/dhn a)pexwrh/samen a)/narma/ tina stoixei=a tiqe/menoi. pa/lin ou)=n a)/texnos h(mi=n h( fu/sis
lege/sqw: toi=s ga\r toiou/tois stoixei/ois e)c a)na/gkhs tou=q' e(/petai.
dio\ dh/ moi kai\ dokou=sin a)maqw=s pa/nu th\n ei)s
ta\ toiau=ta stoixei=a tw=n a(plw=n a)ggei/wn ei)sa/gein
dia/lusin e)/nioi tw=n *)erasistratei/wn. e)moi\ gou=n
ou)de\n diafe/rei. kaq' e(kate/rous ga\r a)/topos o(
th=s qre/yews e)/stai lo/gos, e)kei/nois toi=s a(ploi=s
a)ggei/ois toi=s smikroi=s toi=s suntiqei=si ta\ mega/la
te kai\ ai)sqhta\ neu=ra kata\ me\n tou\s sunexh=
fula/ttontas au)ta\ mh\ duname/nhs gene/sqai th=s
pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as, o(/ti mhde\n e)n tw=|
sunexei= gi/gnetai keno/n, ka)\n a)porre/h| ti: sune/rxetai ga\r pro\s a)/llhla ta\ kataleipo/mena mo/ria,
kaqa/per e)pi\ tou= u(/datos o(ra=tai, kai\ pa/lin e(\n
gi/gnetai pa/nta th\n xw/ran tou= diaforhqe/ntos
au)ta\ katalamba/nonta: kata\ de\ tou\s e(te/rous,
o(/ti tw=n stoixei/wn e)kei/nwn ou)de\n dei=tai th=s pro\s
to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as. e)pi\ ga\r tw=n ai)sqhtw=n
mo/nwn, ou)k e)pi\ tw=n lo/gw| qewrhtw=n e)/xei du/namin,
w(s au)to\s o( *)erasi/stratos o(mologei= diarrh/dhn,
ou) peri\ tou= toiou/tou kenou= fa/skwn e(ka/stote
poiei=sqai to\n lo/gon, o(\ kata\ braxu\ pare/spartai
toi=s sw/masin, a)lla\ peri\ tou= safou=s kai\ ai)sqhtou=
kai\ a)qro/ou kai\ mega/lou kai\ e)nargou=s kai\ o(/pws
a)\n a)/llws o)noma/zein e)qe/lh|s. *)erasi/stratos me\n
ga\r au)to\s ai)sqhto\n a)qro/ws ou)/ fhsi du/nasqai
gene/sqai keno/n: e)gw\ d' e)k periousi/as eu)porh/sas
o)noma/twn tau)to\n dhlou=n e)/n ge tw=| nu=n prokeime/nw|
lo/gw| duname/nwn kai\ ta)=lla prose/qhka.
*ka/llion ou)=n moi dokei= kai\ h(ma=s ti suneisene/gkasqai toi=s *)erasistratei/ois, e)peidh\ kata\ tou=to
gego/namen, kai\ sumbouleu=sai toi=s to\ prw=ton
e)kei=no kai\ a(plou=n u(p' *)erasistra/tou kalou/menon
a)ggei=on ei)s e(/ter' a)/tta sw/mata stoixeiw/dh
dialu/ousin a)posth=nai th=s u(polh/yews, w(s pro\s
tw=| mhde\n e)/xein ple/on e)/ti kai\ diaferome/nois
*)erasistra/tw|. o(/ti me\n ou)=n ou)de\n e)/xei ple/on,
e)pide/deiktai safw=s: ou)de\ ga\r h)dunh/qh diafugei=n
th\n peri\ th=s qreyews a)pori/an h( u(po/qesis: o(/ti d'
ou)d' *)erasistra/tw| su/mfwno/s e)stin, o(\ e)kei=nos
a(plou=n kai\ prw=ton o)noma/zei, su/nqeton a)pofai/nousa, kai\ th\n th=s fu/sews te/xnhn a)nairou=sa,
pro/dhlon kai\ tou=t' ei)=nai/ moi dokei=. ei) mh\ ga\r
ka)n toi=s a(ploi=s tou/tois e(/nwsi/n tina th=s ou)si/as
a)polei/yomen, a)ll' ei)s a)/narma kai\ a)me/rista
katabhso/meqa stoixei=a, panta/pasin a)nairh/somen
th=s fu/sews th\n te/xnhn, w(/sper kai\ pa/ntes oi( e)k
tau/ths o(rmw/menoi th=s u(poqe/sews i)atroi\ kai\
filo/sofoi. deute/ra ga\r tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn
kata\ th\n toiau/thn u(po/qesin h( fu/sis, ou) prw/th
gi/gnetai. diapla/ttein de\ kai\ dhmiourgei=n ou)
tou= deute/rou gegono/tos, a)lla\ tou= prou+pa/rxonto/s
e)stin: w(/st' a)nagkai=o/n e)stin eu)qu\s e)k sperma/twn
u(poqe/sqai ta\s duna/meis th=s fu/sews, ai(=s diapla/ttei
te kai\ au)ca/nei kai\ tre/fei to\ zw=|on:
a)ll' e)kei/nwn tw=n swma/twn tw=n a)na/rmwn kai\
a)merw=n ou)de\n e)n e(autw=| diaplastikh\n e)/xei du/namin h)\ au)chtikh\n h)\ qreptikh\n h)\ o(/lws texnikh/n:
a)paqe\s ga\r kai\ a)meta/blhton u(po/keitai. tw=n d'
ei)rhme/nwn ou)de\n a)/neu metabolh=s kai\ a)lloiw/sews
kai\ th=s di' o(/lwn kra/sews gi/gnetai, kaqa/per kai\
dia\ tw=n e)/mprosqen e)nedeica/meqa. kai\ dia\ tau/thn
th\n a)na/gkhn ou)k e)/xontes, o(/pws ta\ a)ko/louqa toi=s
stoixei/ois, oi(=s u(pe/qento, fula/ttoien, oi( a)po\ tw=n
toiou/twn ai(re/sewn a(/pantes a)/texnon h)nagka/sqhsan a)pofh/nasqai th\n fu/sin. kai/toi tau=ta/ g'
ou) par' h(mw=n e)xrh=n manqa/nein tou\s *)erasistratei/ous, a)lla\ par' au)tw=n tw=n filoso/fwn,
oi(=s ma/lista dokei= prw=ton e)piskopei=sqai ta\
stoixei=a tw=n o)/ntwn a(pa/ntwn.
ou)/koun ou)d' *)erasi/straton a)/n tis o)rqw=s a)/xri
tosau/ths a)maqi/as nomi/zoi proh/kein, w(s mhde\
tau/thn gnwri/sai dunhqh=nai th\n a)kolou qi/an,
a)ll' a(/ma me\n u(poqe/sqai texnikh\n th\n fu/sin,
a(/ma d' ei)s a)paqh= kai\ a)/narma kai\ a)meta/blhta
stoixei=a kataqrau=sai th\n ou)si/an. kai\ mh\n
ei) dw/sei tin' e)n toi=s stoixei/ois a)lloi/wsi/n te
kai\ metabolh\n kai\ e(/nwsin kai\ sune/xeian, e(\n
a)su/nqeton au)tw=| to\ a(plou=n a)ggei=on e)kei=no,
kaqa/per kai\ au)to\s o)noma/zei, genh/setai. a)ll'
h( me\n a(plh= fle\y e)c au(th=s trafh/setai, to\
neu=ron de\ kai\ h( a)rthri/a para\ th=s flebo/s.
pw=s kai\ ti/na tro/pon; e)n tou/tw| ga\r dh\ kai\
pro/sqen geno/menoi tw=| lo/gw| th=s tw=n *)erasistratei/wn diafwni/as e)mnhmoneu/samen, e)pedei/camen de\
kai\ kaq' e(kate/rous me\n a)/poron ei)=nai th\n tw=n
a(plw=n e)kei/nwn a)ggei/wn qre/yin, a)lla\ kai\ kri=nai
th\n ma/xhn au)tw=n ou)k w)knh/samen kai\ timh=sai to\n
*)erasi/straton ei)s th\n belti/ona metasth/santes
ai(/resin.
au)=qis ou)=n e)pi\ th\n e(\n a(plou=n h(nwme/non e(autw=|
pa/nth to\ stoixeiw=des e)kei=no neu=ron u(potiqeme/nhn ai(/resin o( lo/gos metaba\s e)piskopei/sqw,
pw=s trafh/setai: to\ ga\r eu(reqe\n e)ntau=qa koino\n
a)\n h)/dh kai\ th=s *(ippokra/tous ai(re/sews ge/noito.
*ka/llion d' a)/n moi dokw= to\ zhtou/ menon e)pi\
tw=n nenoshko/twn kai\ sfo/dra kataleleptusme/nwn basanisqh=nai. pa/nta ga\r tou/tois e)nargw=s fai/netai ta\ mo/ria tou= sw/matos a)/trofa
kai\ lepta\ kai\ pollh=s prosqh/khs te kai\ a)naqre/yews deo/mena. kai\ toi/nun kai\ to\ neu=ron tou=to
to\ ai)sqhto/n, e)f' ou(=per e)c a)rxh=s e)poihsa/mhn
to\n lo/gon, i)sxno\n me\n i(kanw=s ge/gone, dei=tai de\
qre/yews. e)/xei d' e)n e(autw=| me/rh pa/mpolla
me\n e)kei=na ta\ prw=ta kai\ a)o/rata neu=ra ta\ smikra\
kai/ tinas a)rthri/as a(pla=s o)li/gas kai\ fle/bas
o(moi/ws. a(/pant' ou)=n au)tou= ta\ neu=ra ta\ stoixeiw/dh katalele/ptuntai dhlono/ti kai\ au)ta/, h)/,
ei) mhd' e)kei=na, ou)de\ to\ o(/lon. kai\ toi/nun kai\
qre/yews ou) to\ me\n o(/lon dei=tai neu=ron, e(/kaston d'
e)kei/nwn ou) dei=tai. kai\ mh\n ei) dei=tai me\n a)naqre/yews, ou)de\n d' h( pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a
bohqei=n au)toi=s du/natai dia/ te ta\s e)/mprosqen
ei)rhme/nas a)pori/as kai\ dia\ th\n u(po/guion i)sxno/thta, kaqa/per dei/cw, zhthte/on h(mi=n e)stin e(te/ran
ai)ti/an qre/yews.
pw=s ou)=n h( pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a
tre/fein a)du/nato/s e)sti to\n ou(/tw diakei/menon;
o(/ti tosou=ton a)kolouqei=n a)nagka/zei tw=n sunexw=n, o(/son a)porrei=. tou=to d' e)pi\ me\n tw=n
eu)ektou/ntwn i(kano/n e)stin ei)s th\n qre/yin, i)/sa
ga\r e)p' au)tw=n ei)=nai xrh\ toi=s a)porre/ousi ta\
prostiqe/mena: e)pi\ de\ tw=n e)sxa/tws i)sxnw=n kai\
pollh=s a)naqre/yews deome/nwn ei) mh\ pollapla/sion ei)/h to\ prostiqe/menon tou= kenoume/nou, th\n
e)c a)rxh=s e(/cin a)nalabei=n ou)k a)/n pote du/nainto.
dh=lon ou)=n, w(s e(/lkein au)ta\ deh/sei tosou/tw|
plei=on, o(/sw| kai\ dei=tai plei/onos. *)erasi/stratos
de\ ka)ntau=qa pro/teron poih/sas to\ deu/teron ou)k
oi)=d' o(/pws ou)k ai)sqa/netai. dio/ti ga/r, fhsi/,
pollh\ pro/sqesis ei)s a)na/qreyin gi/gnetai toi=s
nenoshko/si, dia\ tou=to kai\ h( pro\s tau/thn a)kolouqi/a pollh/. pw=s d' a)\n pollh\ pro/sqesis ge/noito
mh\ prohgoume/nhs a)nado/sews dayilou=s; ei) de\
th\n dia\ tw=n flebw=n fora\n th=s trofh=s a)na/dosin
kalei=, th\n d' ei)s e(/kaston tw=n a(plw=n kai\ a)ora/twn
e)kei/nwn neu/rwn kai\ a)rthriw=n meta/lhyin ou)k
a)na/dosin a)lla\ dia/dosin, w(/s tines o)noma/zein
h)ci/wsan, ei)=ta th\n dia\ tw=n flebw=n mo/nh| th=|
pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a| fhsi\ gi/gnesqai,
th\n ei)s ta\ lo/gw| qewrhta\ meta/lhyin h(mi=n e)chghsa/sqw. o(/ti me\n ga\r ou)ke/t' e)pi\ tou/twn h( pro\s
to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a le/gesqai du/natai kai\
ma/list' e)pi\ tw=n e)sxa/tws i)sxnw=n, a)pode/deiktai.
ti/ de/ fhsin e)p' au)tw=n e)n tw=| deute/rw| tw=n
kaqo/lou lo/gwn o( *)erasi/stratos, a)/cion e)pakou=sai th=s le/cews: "*toi=s d' e)sxa/tois te kai\ a(ploi=s,
leptoi=s te kai\ stenoi=s ou)=sin, e)k tw=n parakeime/nwn a)ggei/wn h( pro/sqesis sumbai/nei ei)s ta\
kenw/mata tw=n a)penexqe/ntwn kata\ ta\ pla/gia
tw=n a)ggei/wn e(lkome/nhs th=s trofh=s kai\ kataxwrizome/nhs." e)k tau/ths th=s le/cews prw=ton
me\n to\ kata\ ta\ pla/gia prosi/emai/ te kai\
a)pode/xomai: kata\ me\n ga\r au)to\ to\ sto/ma to\
a(plou=n neu=ron ou)k a)\n du/naito dexo/menon th\n
trofh\n ou(/tws ei)s o(/lon e(auto\ diane/mein: a)na/keitai
ga\r e)kei=no tw=| yuxikw=| pneu/mati: kata\ de\ to\
pla/gion e)k th=s parakeime/nhs flebo\s th=s a(plh=s
e)gxwrei= labei=n au)to/. deu/teron d' a)pode/xomai
tw=n e)k th=s *)erasistra/tou le/cews o)noma/twn to\
gegramme/non e)fech=s tw=| kata\ ta\ pla/gia. ti/
ga/r fhsi; "*kata\ ta\ pla/gia tw=n a)ggei/wn e(lkome/nhs th=s trofh=s." o(/ti me\n ou)=n e(/lketai, kai\ h(mei=s
o(mologou=men, o(/ti d' ou) th=| pro\s to\ kenou/menon
a)kolouqi/a|, de/deiktai pro/sqen.
*)eceu/rwmen ou)=n koinh=|, tw=s e(/lketai. pw=s d'
a)/llws h)\ w(s o( si/dhros u(po\ th=s h(raklei/as li/qou
du/namin e)xou/shs e(lktikh\n toiau/ths poio/thtos;
a)ll' ei) th\n me\n a)rxh\n th=s a)nado/sews h( th=s
koili/as e)/nqliyis pare/xetai, th\n de\ meta\ tau=ta
fora\n a(/pasan ai(/ te fle/bes peristello/menai kai\
prowqou=sai kai\ tw=n trefome/nwn e(/kaston e)pispw/menon ei)s e(auto/, th=s pro\s to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/as a)posta/ntes, w(s ou) prepou/shs a)ndri\
texnikh\n u(poqeme/nw| th\n fu/sin, ou(/tws a)\n h)/dh
kai\ th\n a)ntilogi/an ei)/hmen pefeugo/tes th\n
*)asklhpia/dou mh\ duna/menoi/ ge lu/ein au)th/n. to\
ga\r ei)s th\n a)po/deicin paralambano/menon lh=mma
to\ diezeugme/non ou)k e)k duoi=n a)ll' e)k triw=n e)sti
kata/ ge th\n a)lh/qeian diezeugme/non. ei) me\n ou)=n
w(s e)k duoi=n au)tw=| xrhsai/meqa, yeu=dos e)/stai ti
tw=n ei)s th\n a)po/deicin pareilhmme/nwn: ei) d' w(s e)k
triw=n, a)pe/rantos o( lo/gos genh/setai.
kai\ tau=t' ou)k e)xrh=n a)gnoei=n to\n *)erasi/straton, ei)/per ka)\n o)/nar pote\ toi=s e)k tou= peripa/tou
sune/tuxen, w(/sper ou)=n ou)de\ ta\ peri\ th=s gene/sews
tw=n xumw=n, u(pe\r w(=n ou)de\n e)/xwn ei)pei=n ou)de\
me/xri tou= metri/ou piqano\n oi)/etai parakrou/esqai
skhpto/menos, w(s ou)de\ xrh/simos o(/lws e)sti\n h(
tw=n toiou/twn e)pi/skeyis. ei)=t', w)= pro\s qew=n,
o(/pws me\n ta\ siti/a kata\ th\n gaste/ra pe/ttetai
xrh/simon e)pi/stasqai, pw=s d' e)n tai=s fleyi\n h(
xolh\ gi/gnetai, peritto/n; kai\ th=s kenw/sews a)/ra
frontiste/on au)th=s mo/nhs, a)melhte/on de\ th=s
gene/sews; w(/sper ou)k a)/meinon u(pa/rxon makrw=|
to\ kwlu/ein eu)qu\s e)c a)rxh=s genna=sqai plei/ona
tou= pra/gmat' e)/xein e)kkenou=ntas. qaumasto\n de\
kai\ to\ diaporei=n, ei)/t' e)n tw=| sw/mati th\n ge/nesin
au)th=s u(poqete/on ei)/t' eu)qu\s e)/cwqen e)n toi=s siti/ois
perie/xesqai fate/on, ei) ga\r dh\ tou=to kalw=s
h)po/rhtai, ti/ ou)xi\ kai\ peri\ tou= ai(/matos
e)piskeyo/meqa, po/teron e)n tw=| sw/mati lamba/nei th\n
ge/nesin h)\ toi=s siti/ois pare/spartai, kaqa/per oi(
ta\s o(moiomerei/as u(potiqe/menoi/ fasi; kai\ mh\n
pollw=| g' h)=n xrhsimw/teron zhtei=sqai, poi=a tw=n
siti/wn o(mologei= th=| th=s ai(matw/sews e)nergei/a| kai\
poi=a diafe/retai, tou= zhtei=n, ti/na me\n th=| th=s
gastro\s e)nergei/a| nika=tai *r(a|di/ws, ti/na d' a)ntibai/nei kai\ ma/xetai. tou/twn me\n ga\r h( e)/klecis
ei)s pe/yin mo/nhn, e)kei/nwn d' ei)s ai(/matos xrhstou=
diafe/rei ge/nesin. ou)de\ ga\r i)/son e)sti\n h)\ mh\
kalw=s e)n th=| gastri\ xulwqh=nai th\n trofh\n h)\
mh\ xrhsto\n ai(=ma gennhqh=nai. pw=s d' ou)k ai)dei=tai
ta\s me\n th=s pe/yews a)potuxi/as diairou/menos,
w(s pollai/ t' ei)si\ kai\ kata\ polla\s gi/gnontai
profa/seis, u(pe\r de\ tw=n th=s ai(matw/sews sfalma/twn ou)d' a)/xri *r(h/matos e(no\s ou)d' a)/xri sullabh=s
mia=s fqegca/menos; kai\ mh\n eu(ri/sketai/ ge kai\
paxu\ kai\ lepto\n e)n tai=s fleyi\n ai(=ma kai\ toi=s
me\n e)ruqro/teron, toi=s de\ canqo/teron, toi=s de\
mela/nteron, toi=s de\ flegmatwde/steron. ei) d' o(/ti
kai\ dusw=des ou)x e(/na tro/pon a)ll' e)n pollai=s
pa/nu diaforai=s a)rrh/tois me\n lo/gw|, safesta/tais
d' ai)sqh/sesi fai/netai gigno/menon, ei)dei/h tis, ou)k
a)\n oi)=mai metri/ws e)/ti katagnw/sesqai th=s *)erasistra/tou *r(a|qumi/as au)to\n ou(/tw g' a)nagkai/an
ei)s ta\ e)/rga th=s te/xnhs qewri/an paralipo/ntos.
e)nargh= ga\r dh\ kai\ ta\ peri\ tw=n u(de/rwn a(marth/mata th=| *r(a|qumi/a| tau/th| kata\ lo/gon h)kolouqhko/ta. to/ te ga\r th=| stenoxwri/a| tw=n o(dw=n
kwlu/esqai nomi/zein pro/sw tou= h(/patos i)e/nai to\
ai(=ma kai\ mhde/pot' a)\n a)/llws u(/deron du/nasqai
susth=nai pw=s ou)k e)sxa/thn e)ndei/knutai *r(a|qumi/an;
to/ te mh\ dia\ to\n splh=na mhde\ di' a)/llo ti mo/rion,
a)ll' a)ei\ dia\ to\n e)n tw=| h(/pati ski/rron u(/deron
oi)/esqai gi/gnesqai tele/ws a)rgou= th\n dia/noian
a)nqrw/pou kai\ mhdeni\ tw=n o(shme/rai gignome/nwn
parakolouqou=ntos. e)pi\ me/n ge xroni/ais ai(morroi/+sin e)pisxeqei/sais h)\ dia\ ke/nwsin a)/metron ei)s
yu=cin e)sxa/thn a)gagou/sais to\n a)/nqrwpon ou)x
a(/pac ou)de\ di\s a)lla\ polla/kis h)/dh teqea/meqa
susta/ntas u(de/rous, w(/sper ge kai\ gunaici\n h(/ te
th=s e)f' e(ka/stw| mhni\ kaqa/rsews a)pw/leia pantelh\s kai\ a)/metros ke/nwsis, o(/tan ai(morragh/swsi/
poq' ai( mh=trai sfodrw=s, e)pekale/santo polla/kis
u(/deron kai/ tisin au)tw=n kai\ o( gunaikei=os o)nomazo/menos *r(ou=s ei)s tou=t' e)teleu/thse to\ pa/qos, i(/na
tou\s a)po\ tw=n kenew/nwn a)rxome/nous h)\ a)/llou tino\s
tw=n e)pikai/rwn mori/wn u(de/rous parali/pw, safw=s
me\n kai\ au)tou\s e)cele/gxontas th\n *)erasistra/teion
u(po/lhyin, a)ll' ou)x ou(/tws e)nargw=s w(s oi( dia\
kata/yucin sfodra\n th=s o(/lhs e(/cews a)potelou/menoi. prw/th ga\r au(/th gene/sews u(de/rwn ai)ti/a
dia\ th\n a)potuxi/an th=s ai(matw/sews gignome/nh
tro/pon o(moio/taton tai=s e)pi\ th=| tw=n siti/wn a)peyi/a| diarroi/ais. ou) mh\n e)ski/rrwtai/ ge kata\ tou\s
toiou/tous u(de/rous ou)d' a)/llo ti spla/gxnon ou)de\
to\ h(=par.
a)ll' *)erasi/stratos o( sofo\s u(peridw\n kai\
katafronh/sas, w(=n ou)/q' *(ippokra/ths ou)/te *dioklh=s ou)/te *pracago/ras ou)/te *filisti/wn a)ll' ou)de\
tw=n a)ri/stwn filoso/fwn ou)dei\s katefro/nhsen
ou)/te *pla/twn ou)/t' *)aristote/lhs ou)/te *qeo/frastos,
o(/las e)nergei/as u(perbai/nei kaqa/per ti smikro\n
kai\ to\ tuxo\n th=s te/xnhs paralipw\n me/ros ou)d'
a)nteipei=n a)ciw/sas, ei)/t' o)rqw=s ei)/te kai\ mh\ su/mpantes ou(=toi qermw=| kai\ yuxrw=| kai\ chrw=| kai\
u(grw=|, toi=s me\n w(s drw=si, toi=s d' w(s pa/sxousi,
ta\ kata\ to\ sw=ma tw=n zw|/wn a(pa/ntwn dioikei=sqai/
fasi kai\ w(s to\ qermo\n e)n au)toi=s ei)/s te ta\s a)/llas
e)nergei/as kai\ ma/list' ei)s th\n tw=n xumw=n ge/nesin
to\ plei=ston du/natai. a)lla\ to\ me\n mh\ pei/qesqai tosou/tois te kai\ thlikou/tois a)ndra/si kai\
ple/on au)tw=n oi)/esqai/ ti gignw/skein a)neme/shton,
to\ de\ mh/t' a)ntilogi/as a)ciw=sai mh/te mnh/mhs ou(/tws
e)/ndocon do/gma qaumasth/n tina th\n u(peroyi/an
e)ndei/knutai.
kai\ mh\n smikro/tato/s e)sti th\n gnw/mhn kai\
tapeino\s e)sxa/tws e)n a(pa/sais tai=s a)ntilogi/ais e)n
me\n toi=s peri\ th=s pe/yews lo/gois toi=s sh/pesqai
ta\ siti/a nomi/zousi filoti/mws a)ntile/gwn, e)n de\
toi=s peri\ th=s a)nado/sews toi=s dia\ th\n para/qesin
tw=n a)rthriw=n a)nadi/dosqai to\ dia\ tw=n flebw=n
ai(=ma nomi/zousin, e)n de\ toi=s peri\ th=s a)napnoh=s
toi=s periwqei=sqai to\n a)e/ra fa/skousin. ou)k
w)/knhse d' ou)de\ toi=s a)tmoeidw=s ei)s th\n ku/stin
i)e/nai ta\ ou)=ra nomi/zousin a)nteipei=n ou)de\ toi=s ei)s
to\n pneu/mona fe/resqai to\ poto/n. ou(/tws e)n a(/pasi
ta\s xeiri/stas e)pilego/menos do/cas a)ga/lletai diatri/bwn e)pi\ ple/on e)n tai=s a)ntilogi/ais: e)pi\ de\ th=s
tou= ai(/matos gene/sews ou)de\n a)timote/ras ou)/shs th=s
e)n th=| gastri\ xulw/sews tw=n siti/wn ou)/t' a)nteipei=n
tini tw=n presbute/rwn h)ci/wsen ou)/t' au)to\s ei)shgh/sasqai/ tin' e(te/ran gnw/mhn e)to/lmhsen, o( peri\
pasw=n tw=n fusikw=n e)nergeiw=n e)n a)rxh=| tw=n kaqo/lou lo/gwn u(posxo/menos e)rei=n, o(/pws te gi/gnontai
kai\ di' w(=ntinwn tou= zw|/ou mori/wn. h)\ th=s me\n
pe/ttein ta\ siti/a pefukui/as duna/mews a)rrwstou/shs a)pepth/sei to\ zw=|on, th=s d' ai(matou/shs ta\
pefqe/nta ou)de\n e)/stai pa/qhma to\ para/pan, a)ll'
a)damanti/nh tis h(mi=n au(/th mo/nh kai\ a)paqh/s e)stin;
h)\ a)/llo ti th=s a)rrwsti/as au)th=s e)/kgonon u(pa/rcei
kai\ ou)x u(/deros; dh=los ou)=n e)nargw=s e)stin o( *)erasi/stratos e)c w(=n e)n me\n toi=s a)/llois ou)de\ tai=s
faulota/tais do/cais a)ntile/gein w)/knhsen, e)ntauqoi=
d' ou)/t' a)nteipei=n toi=s pro/sqen ou)/t' au)to\s ei)pei=n
ti kaino\n e)to/lmhse, to\ sfa/lma th=s e(autou= gnwri/zwn ai(re/sews.
ti/ ga\r a)\n kai\ le/gein e)/sxen u(pe\r ai(/matos
a)/nqrwpos ei)s mhde\n tw=| sumfu/tw| qermw=| xrw/menos; ti/ de\ peri\ canqh=s xolh=s h)\ melai/nhs h)\
fle/gmatos; o(/ti nh\ *di/a dunato/n e)stin a)namemigme/nhn toi=s siti/ois eu)qu\s e)/cwqen paragi/gnesqai
th\n xolh/n. le/gei gou=n w(=de/ pws au)toi=s o)no/masi:
"*po/teron d' e)n th=| peri\ th\n koili/an katergasi/a|
th=s trofh=s genna=tai toiau/th u(grasi/a h)\ memigme/nh toi=s e)/cwqen prosferome/nois paragi/gnetai,
ou)de\n xrh/simon pro\s i)atrikh\n e)peske/fqai." kai\
mh/n, w)= gennaio/tate, kai\ kenou=sqai xrh=nai fa/skeis e)k tou= zw|/ou to\n xumo\n tou=ton kai\ mega/lws
lupei=n, ei) mh\ kenwqei/h. pw=s ou)=n ou)de\n e)c au)tou=
xrhsto\n u(polamba/nwn gi/gnesqai tolma=|s a)/xrhston le/gein ei)s i)atrikh\n ei)=nai th\n peri\ th=s gene/sews au)tou= ske/yin;
u(pokei/sqw ga\r e)n me\n toi=s siti/ois perie/xesqai, mh\ diakri/nesqai d' a)kribw=s e)n h(/pati:
tau=ta ga\r a)mfo/tera nomi/zeis ei)=nai dunata/. kai\
mh\n ou) smikro\n e)ntau=qa to\ diafe/ron h)\ e)laxi/sthn
h)\ pampo/llhn xolh\n e)n e(autoi=s perie/xonta
prosa/rasqai siti/a. ta\ me\n ga\r a)ki/nduna, ta\ de\
pampo/llhn perie/xonta tw=| mh\ du/nasqai pa=san
au)th\n e)n h(/pati kaqarqh=nai kalw=s ai)/tia katasth/setai tw=n t' a)/llwn paqw=n, w(=n au)to\s o(
*)erasi/stratos e)pi\ plh/qei xolh=s gi/gnesqai/ fhsi,
kai\ tw=n i)kte/rwn ou)x h(/kista. pw=s ou)=n ou)k
a)nagkaio/taton i)atrw=| gignw/skein, prw=ton me/n,
w(s e)n toi=s siti/ois au)toi=s e)/cwqen h( xolh\ perie/xetai, deu/teron d', w(s to\ me\n teu=tlon, ei) tu/xoi,
pampo/llhn, o( d' a)/rtos e)laxi/sthn kai\ to\ me\n
e)/laion plei/sthn, o( d' oi)=nos o)ligi/sthn e(/kasto/n
te tw=n a)/llwn a)/nison tw=| plh/qei perie/xei th\n
xolh/n; pw=s ga\r ou)k a)\n ei)/h geloio/tatos, o(\s a)\n
e(kw\n ai(rh=tai ta\ plei/ona xolh\n e)n e(autoi=s perie/xonta pro\ tw=n e)nanti/wn;
ti/ d' ei) mh\ perie/xetai me\n e)n toi=s siti/ois h(
xolh/, gi/gnetai d' e)n toi=s tw=n zw|/wn sw/masin; h)\
ou)xi\ kai\ kata\ tou=to xrh/simon e)pi/stasqai, ti/ni
me\n katasta/sei sw/matos e(/petai plei/wn au)th=s h(
ge/nesis, ti/ni d' e)la/ttwn; a)lloiou=n ga\r dh/pou kai\
metaba/llein oi(=oi/ t' e)s me\n kai\ tre/pein e)pi\ to\
be/ltion a)ei\ ta\s moxqhra\s katasta/seis tou= sw/matos. a)ll' ei) mh\ gignw/skoimen, kaqo/ti moxqhrai\
kai\ o(/ph| th=s deou/shs e)ci/stantai, pw=s a)\n au)ta\s
e)pana/gein oi(=oi/ t' ei)/hmen e)pi\ to\ krei=tton;
ou)/koun a)/xrhsto/n e)stin ei)s ta\s i)a/seis, w(s
*)erasi/strato/s fhsin, e)pi/stasqai ta)lhqe\s au)to\
peri\ gene/sews xolh=s. ou) mh\n ou)d' a)du/naton ou)d'
a)safe\s e)ceurei=n, o(/ti mh\ tw=| plei/sthn e)n e(autw=|
perie/xein to\ me/li th\n canqh\n xolh\n a)ll' e)n tw=|
sw/mati metaballo/menon ei)s au)th\n a)lloiou=tai/ te
kai\ tre/petai. pikro/n te ga\r a)\n| h)=n geuome/nois,
ei) xolh\n e)/cwqen eu)qu\s e)n e(autw=| periei=xen a(/pasi/
t' a)\n w(sau/tws toi=s a)nqrw/pois i)/son au)th=s e)ge/nna
to\ plh=qos. a)ll' ou)x w(=d' e)/xei ta)lhqe/s. e)n me\n
ga\r toi=s a)kma/zousi kai\ ma/list' ei) fu/sei qermo/teroi kai\ bi/on ei)=en biou=ntes talai/pwron, a(/pan
ei)s canqh\n xolh\n metaba/llei to\ me/li: toi=s
ge/rousi d' i(kanw=s e)stin e)pith/deion, w(s a)\n ou)k ei)s
xolh\n a)ll' ei)s ai(=ma th\n a)lloi/wsin e)n e)kei/nois
lamba/non. *)erasi/stratos de\ pro\s tw=| mhde\n
tou/twn gignw/skein ou)de\ peri\ th\n diai/resin tou=
lo/gou swfronei=, po/teron e)n toi=s siti/ois h( xolh\
perie/xetai eu)qu\s e)c a)rxh=s h)\ kata\ th\n e)n th=|
koili/a| katergasi/an e)ge/neto, mhde\n ei)=nai
xrh/simon ei)s i)atrikh\n e)peske/fqai le/gwn. e)xrh=n ga\r
dh/pou prosqei=nai/ ti kai\ peri\ th=s e)n h(/pati kai\
fleyi\ gene/sews au)th=s, e)n toi=sde toi=s o)rga/nois
genna=sqai th\n xolh\n a(/ma tw=| ai(/mati tw=n palaiw=n
i)atrw=n te kai\ filoso/fwn a)pofhname/nwn. a)lla\
toi=s eu)qu\s e)c a)rxh=s sfalei=si kai\ diamarta/nousi
th=s o)rqh=s o(dou= toiau=ta/ te lhrei=n a)nagkai=o/n e)sti
kai\ prose/ti tw=n xrhsimwta/twn ei)s th\n te/xnhn
paralipei=n th\n zh/thsin.
h(de/ws d' a)\n e)ntau=qa tou= lo/gou gegonw\s
h)ro/mhn tou\s o(milh=sai fa/skontas au)to\n e)pi\
plei=ston toi=s e)k tou= peripa/tou filoso/fois, ei)
gignw/skousin, o(/sa peri\ tou= kekra=sqai ta\ sw/maq'
h(mw=n e)k qermou= kai\ yuxrou= kai\ chrou= kai\ u(grou=
pro\s *)aristote/lous ei)/rhtai/ te kai\ a)pode/deiktai,
kai\ w(s to\ qermo\n e)n au)toi=s e)sti to\ drastikw/taton
kai\ w(s tw=n zw|/wn o(/sa me\n qermo/tera fu/sei, tau=ta
pa/ntws e)/naima, ta\ d' e)pi\ ple/on yuxro/tera
pa/ntws a)/naima kai\ dia\ tou=to tou= xeimw=nos a)rga\
kai\ a)ki/nhta kei=tai fwleu/onta di/khn nekrw=n.
ei)/rhtai de\ kai\ peri\ th=s xroia=s tou= ai(/matos ou)k
*)aristote/lei mo/non, a)lla\ kai\ *pla/twni. kai\
h(mei=s nu=n, o(/per h)/dh kai\ pro/sqen ei)=pon, ou) ta\
kalw=s a)podedeigme/na toi=s palaioi=s le/gein prou)qe/meqa, mh/te th=| gnw/mh| mh/te th=| le/cei tou\s a)/ndras
e)kei/nous u(perbale/sqai duna/menoi: ta\ d' h)/toi
xwri\s a)podei/cews w(s e)nargh= pro\s au)tw=n ei)rhme/na
dia\ to\ mhd' u(ponoh=sai moxqhrou\s ou(/tws e)/sesqai/
tinas sofista/s, oi(\ katafronh/sousi th=s e)n au)toi=s
a)lhqei/as, h)\ kai\ paraleleimme/na tele/ws u(p'
e)kei/nwn a)ciou=men eu(ri/skein te kai\ a)podeiknu/nai.
peri\ de\ th=s tw=n xumw=n gene/sews ou)k oi)=d', ei)
e)/xei tis e(/teron prosqei=nai sofw/teron w(=n *(ippokra/ths ei)=pe kai\ *)aristote/lhs kai\ *pracago/ras
kai\ *filo/timos kai\ a)/lloi polloi\ tw=n palaiw=n.
a)pode/deiktai ga\r e)kei/nois toi=s a)ndra/sin a)lloioume/nhs th=s trofh=s e)n tai=s fleyi\n u(po\ th=s e)mfu/tou
qermasi/as ai(=ma me\n u(po\ th=s summetri/as th=s kat'
au)th/n, oi( d' a)/lloi xumoi\ dia\ ta\s a)metri/as gigno/menoi: kai\ tou/tw| tw=| lo/gw| pa/nq' o(mologei= ta\
faino/mena. kai\ ga\r tw=n e)desma/twn o(/sa me/n e)sti
qermo/tera fu/sei, xolwde/stera, ta\ de\ yuxro/tera
flegmatikw/tera: kai\ tw=n h(likiw=n w(sau/tws
xolwde/sterai me\n ai( qermo/terai fu/sei, flegmatwde/sterai d' ai( yuxro/terai: kai\ tw=n e)pithdeuma/twn de\ kai\ tw=n xwrw=n kai\ tw=n w(rw=n kai\ polu\
dh\ pro/teron e)/ti tw=n fu/sewn au)tw=n ai( me\n yuxro/terai flegmatwde/sterai, xolwde/sterai d' ai(
qermo/terai: kai\ noshma/twn ta\ me\n yuxra\ tou=
fle/gmatos e)/kgona, ta\ de\ qerma\ th=s canqh=s xolh=s:
kai\ o(/lws ou)de\n e)/stin eu(rei=n tw=n pa/ntwn, o(\ mh\ tou/tw|
tw=| lo/gw| marturei=. pw=s d' ou) me/llei; dia\ ga\r th\n
e)k tw=n tetta/rwn poia\n kra=sin e(ka/stou tw=n mori/wn
w(di/ pws e)nergou=ntos a)na/gkh pa=sa kai\ dia\ th\n
bla/bhn au)tw=n h)\ diafqei/resqai tele/ws h)\ e)mpodi/zesqai/ ge th\n e)ne/rgeian kai\ ou(/tw nosei=n to\
zw=|on h)\ o(/lon h)\ kata\ ta\ mo/ria.
kai\ ta\ prw=ta/ ge kai\ genikw/tata nosh/mata
te/ttara to\n a)riqmo\n u(pa/rxei qermo/thti kai\
yuxro/thti kai\ chro/thti kai\ u(gro/thti diafe/ronta.
tou=to de\ kai\ au)to\s o( *)erasi/stratos o(mologei=
kai/toi mh\ boulo/menos. o(/tan ga\r e)n toi=s puretoi=s
xei/rous tw=n siti/wn ta\s pe/yeis gi/gnesqai le/gh|,
mh\ dio/ti th=s e)mfu/tou qermasi/as h( summetri/a
die/fqartai, kaqa/per oi( pro/sqen u(pela/mbanon,
a)ll' o(/ti periste/llesqai kai\ tri/bein h( gasth\r
ou)x o(moi/ws du/natai beblamme/nh th\n e)ne/rgeian,
e)re/sqai di/kaion au)to/n, u(po\ ti/nos h( th=s gastro\s
e)ne/rgeia be/blaptai.
genome/nou ga/r, ei) tu/xoi, boubw=nos e)pi\ prosptai/smati, pri\n me\n pure/cai to\n a)/nqrwpon,
ou)k a)\n xei=ron h( gasth\r pe/yeien: ou) ga\r
i(kano\n h)=n ou)de/teron au)tw=n ou)/q' o( boubw\n
ou)/te to\ e(/lkos e)mpodi/sai ti kai\ bla/yai th\n
e)ne/rgeian th=s koili/as: ei) de\ pure/ceien, eu)qu\s me\n
ai( pe/yeis gi/gnontai xei/rous, eu)qu\s de\ kai\ th\n
e)ne/rgeian th=s gastro\s bebla/fqai fame\n o)rqw=s
le/gontes. a)ll' u(po\ ti/nos e)bla/bh, prosqei=nai
xrh\ tw=| lo/gw|. to\ me\n ga\r e(/lkos ou)x oi(=o/n t' h)=n
au)th\n bla/ptein, w(/sper ou)d' o( boubw/n: h)= ga\r a)\n
e)/blaye kai\ pro\ tou= puretou=. ei) de\ mh\ tau=ta,
dh=lon, w(s h( th=s qermasi/as pleoneci/a. du/o ga\r
tau=ta prosege/neto tw=| boubw=ni, h( th=s kata\ ta\s
a)rthri/as te kai\ th\n kardi/an kinh/sews a)lloi/wsis
kai\ h( th=s kata\ fu/sin qermasi/as pleoneci/a.
a)ll' h( me\n th=s kinh/sews a)lloi/wsis ou) mo/non ou)de\n
bla/yei th\n e)ne/rgeian th=s gastro/s, a)lla\ kai\
proswfelh/sei kat' e)kei=na tw=n zw|/wn, e)n oi(=s ei)s
th\n pe/yin u(pe/qeto plei=ston du/nasqai to\ dia\ tw=n
a)rthriw=n ei)s th\n koili/an e)mpi=pton pneu=ma. dia\
loiph\n ou)=n e)/ti kai\ mo/nhn th\n a)/metron qermasi/an
h( bla/bh th=s e)nergei/as th=| gastri/. to\ me\n ga\r
pneu=ma sfodro/tero/n te kai\ sunexe/steron kai\
ple/on e)mpi/ptei nu=n h)\ pro/teron. w(/ste tau/th|
me\n ma=llon pe/yei ta\ dia\ to\ pneu=ma kalw=s
pe/ttonta zw=|a, dia\ loiph\n d' e)/ti th\n para\ fu/sin
qermasi/an a)pepth/sei. to\ ga\r kai\ tw=| pneu/mati
fa/nai tin' u(pa/rxein i)dio/thta, kaq' h(\n pe/ttei,
ka)/peita tau/thn puretto/ntwn diafqei/resqai kaq'
e(/teron tro/pon e)sti\n o(mologh=sai to\ a)/topon.
e)rwthqe/ntes ga\r au)=qis, u(po\ ti/nos h)lloiw/qh to\
pneu=ma, mo/nhn e(/cousin a)pokri/nesqai th\n para\
fu/sin qermasi/an kai\ ma/list' e)pi\ tou= kata\ th\n
koili/an: ou)de\ ga\r plhsia/zei kat' ou)de\n tou=to tw=|
boubw=ni.
kai/toi ti/ tw=n zw|/wn e)kei/nwn, e)n oi(=s h( tou= pneu/matos i)dio/ths me/ga du/natai, mnhmoneu/w, paro\n
e)p' a)nqrw/pois, e)n oi(=s h)\ ou)de\n h)\ panta/pasin
a)mudro/n ti kai\ mikro\n w)felei=, poiei=sqai to\n
lo/gon; a)ll' o(/ti me\n e)n toi=s puretoi=s ou(=toi kakw=s
pe/ttousin, o(mologei= kai\ au)to\s kai\ th/n g' ai)ti/an
prostiqei\s bebla/fqai fhsi\ th=s gastro\s th\n
e)ne/rgeian. ou) mh\n a)/llhn ge/ tina pro/fasin th=s
bla/bhs ei)pei=n e)/xei plh\n th=s para\ fu/sin
qermasi/as. a)ll' ei) bla/ptei th\n e)ne/rgeian h(
para\ fu/sin qermasi/a mh\ kata/ ti sumbebhko/s,
a)lla\ dia\ th\n au(th=s ou)si/an te kai\ du/namin, e)k
tw=n prw/twn a)\n ei)/h noshma/twn: kai\ mh\n ou)k
e)nde/xetai tw=n prw/twn me\n ei)=nai noshma/twn th\n
a)metri/an th=s qermasi/as, th\n d' e)ne/rgeian u(po\ th=s
eu)krasi/as mh\ gi/gnesqai. ou)de\ ga\r di' a)/llo ti
dunato\n gi/gnesqai th\n duskrasi/an ai)ti/an tw=n
prw/twn noshma/twn a)ll' h)\ dia\ th\n eu)krasi/an
diafqeirome/nhn. tw=| ga\r u(po\ tau/ths gi/gnesqai
ta\s e)nergei/as a)na/gkh kai\ ta\s prw/tas au)tw=n
bla/bas diafqeirome/nhs gi/gnesqai.
o(/ti me\n ou)=n kai\ kat' au)to\n to\n *)erasi/straton h( eu)krasi/a tou= qermou= tw=n e)nergeiw=n ai)ti/a,
toi=s qewrei=n to\ a)ko/louqon duname/nois i(kanw=s
a)podedei=xqai nomi/zw. tou/tou d' u(pa/rxontos
h(mi=n ou)de\n e)/ti xalepo\n e)f' e(ka/sths e)nergei/as
th=| me\n eu)krasi/a to\ be/ltion e(/pesqai le/gein, th=|
de\ duskrasi/a| ta\ xei/rw. kai\ toi/nun ei)/per tau=q'
ou(/tws e)/xei, to\ me\n ai(=ma th=s summe/trou qermasi/as, th\n de\ canqh\n xolh\n th=s a)me/trou nomiste/on u(pa/rxein e)/ggonon. ou(/tw ga\r kai\ h(mi=n
e)/n te tai=s qermai=s h(liki/ais kai\ toi=s qermoi=s
xwri/ois kai\ tai=s w(/rais tou= e)/tous tai=s qermai=s
kai\ tai=s qermai=s katasta/sesin, w(sau/tws de\ kai\
tai=s qermai=s kra/sesi tw=n a)nqrw/pwn kai\ toi=s
e)pithdeu/masi/ te kai\ toi=s diaith/masi kai\ toi=s
nosh/masi toi=s qermoi=s eu)lo/gws h( canqh\ xolh\
plei/sth fai/netai gignome/nh.
to\ d' a)porei=n, ei)/t' e)n toi=s sw/masi tw=n a)nqrw/pwn o( xumo\s ou(=tos e)/xei th\n ge/nesin ei)/t' e)n toi=s
siti/ois perie/xetai, mhd' o(/ti toi=s u(giai/nousin
a)me/mptws, o(/tan a)sith/swsi para\ to\ e)/qos u(po/
tinos perista/sews pragma/twn a)nagkasqe/ntes,
pikro\n me\n to\ sto/ma gi/gnetai, xolw/dh de\ ta\
ou)=ra, da/knetai d' h( gasth/r, e(wrako/tos e)sti\n
a)ll' w(/sper e)cai/fnhs nu=n ei)s to\n ko/smon e)lhluqo/tos kai\ mh/pw ta\ kat' au)to\n faino/mena
gignw/skontos. e)pei\ ti/s ou)k oi)=den, w(s e(/kaston
tw=n e(yome/nwn e)pi\ ple/on a(lukw/teron me\n to\
prw=ton, u(/steron de\ pikro/teron gi/gnetai; ka)\n
ei) to\ me/li boulhqei/hs au)to\ to\ pa/ntwn gluku/taton e)pi\ plei=ston e(/yein, a)podei/ceis kai\ tou=to
pikro/taton: o(\ ga\r toi=s a)/llois, o(/sa mh\ fu/sei
qerma/, para\ th=s e(yh/sews e)ggi/gnetai, tou=t' e)k
fu/sews u(pa/rxei tw=| me/liti. dia\ tou=t' ou)=n e(yo/menon ou) gi/gnetai gluku/teron: o(/son ga\r e)xrh=n
ei)=nai qermo/thtos ei)s ge/nesin gluku/thtos, a)kribw=s
au)tw=| tou=to pa=n oi)/koqen u(pa/rxei. o(\ toi/nun
e)/cwqen toi=s e)llipw=s qermoi=s h)=n w)fe/limon, tou=t'
e)kei/nw| bla/bh te kai\ a)metri/a gi/gnetai kai\ dia\
tou=to qa=tton tw=n a)/llwn e(yo/menon a)podei/knutai
pikro/n. di' au)to\ de\ tou=to kai\ toi=s qermoi=s
fu/sei kai\ toi=s a)kma/zousin ei)s xolh\n e(toi/mws
metaba/lletai. qermw=| ga\r qermo\n plhsia/zon
ei)s a)metri/an kra/sews e(toi/mws e)ci/statai kai\
fqa/nei xolh\ gigno/menon, ou)x ai(=ma. dei=tai toi/nun yuxra=s me\n kra/sews a)nqrw/pou, yuxra=s d'
h(liki/as, i(/n' ei)s ai(/matos a)/ghtai fu/sin. ou)/koun
a)/po tro/pou sunebou/leusen *(ippokra/ths toi=s
fu/sei pikroxo/lois mh\ prosfe/rein to\ me/li, w(s
a)\n qermote/ras dhlono/ti kra/sews u(pa/rxousin.
ou(/tw de\ kai\ toi=s nosh/masi toi=s pikroxo/lois
pole/mion ei)=nai to\ me/li kai\ th=| tw=n gero/ntwn
h(liki/a| fi/lion ou)x *(ippokra/ths mo/non a)lla\ kai\
pa/ntes i)atroi\ le/gousin, oi( me\n e)k th=s fu/sews
au)tou= th\n du/namin e)ndeicame/nhs eu(ro/ntes, oi( d'
e)k th=s pei/ras mo/nhs. ou)de\ ga\r ou)de\ toi=s a)po\
th=s e)mpeiri/as i)atroi=s e(/tero/n ti para\ tau=ta
teth/rhtai gigno/menon, a)lla\ xrhsto\n me\n ge/ronti,
ne/w| d' ou) xrhsto/n, kai\ tw=| me\n fu/sei pikroxo/lw|
blabero/n, w)fe/limon de\ tw=| flegmatw/dei: kai\
tw=n noshma/twn w(sau/tws toi=s me\n pikroxo/lois
e)xqro/n, toi=s de\ flegmatw/desi fi/lion: e(ni\ de\
lo/gw| toi=s me\n qermoi=s sw/masin h)\ dia\ fu/sin h)\ dia\
no/son h)\ di' h(liki/an h)\ di' w(/ran h)\ dia\ xw/ran h)\
di' e)pith/deuma xolh=s gennhtiko/n, ai(/matos de\ toi=s
e)nanti/ois.
kai\ mh\n ou)k e)nde/xetai tau)to\n e)/desma toi=s me\n
xolh\n genna=n, toi=s d' ai(=ma mh\ ou)k e)n tw=| sw/mati
th=s gene/sews au)tw=n e)piteloume/nhs. ei) ga\r dh\
oi)/koqe/n ge kai\ par' e(autou= tw=n e)desma/twn
e(/kaston e)/xon kai\ ou)k e)n toi=s tw=n zw|/wn sw/masi
metaballo/menon e)ge/nna th\n xolh/n, e)n a(/pasin
a)\n o(moi/ws au)th\n toi=s sw/masin e)ge/nna kai\ to\
me\n pikro\n e)/cw geuome/nois h)=n a)\n oi)=mai xolh=s
poihtiko/n, ei) de/ ti gluku\ kai\ xrhsto/n, ou)k a)\n
ou)de\ to\ braxu/taton e)c au)tou= xolh=s e)genna=to. kai\
mh\n ou) to\ me/li mo/non, a)lla\ kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kaston
tw=n gluke/wn toi=s proeirhme/nois sw/masi toi=s di'
o(tiou=n tw=n ei)rhme/nwn qermoi=s ou)=sin ei)s xolh\n
e(toi/mws e)ci/statai.
kai/toi tau=t' ou)k oi)=d' o(/pws e)chne/xqhn ei)pei=n
ou) proelo/menos a)ll' u(p' au)th=s tou= lo/gou th=s
a)kolouqi/as a)nagkasqei/s. ei)/rhtai d' e)pi\ plei=ston u(pe\r au)tw=n *)aristote/lei te kai\ *pracago/ra|
th\n *(ippokra/tous kai\ *pla/twnos gnw/mhn o)rqw=s
e)chghsame/nois.
mh\ toi/nun w(s a)podei/ceis u(f' h(mw=n ei)rh=sqai
nomi/zein ta\ toiau=ta ma=llon h)\ peri\ th=s tw=n
a)/llws gignwsko/ntwn a)naisqhsi/as e)ndei/ceis, oi(\
mhde\ ta\ pro\s a(pa/ntwn o(mologou/mena kai\ kaq'
e(ka/sthn h(me/ran faino/mena gignw/skousin: ta\s
d' a)podei/ceis au)tw=n ta\s kat' e)pisth/mhn e)c
e)kei/nwn xrh\ lamba/nein tw=n a)rxw=n, w(=n h)/dh
kai\ pro/sqen ei)/pomen, w(s to\ dra=n kai\ pa/sxein
ei)s a)/llhla toi=s sw/masin u(pa/rxei kata\ to\
qermo\n kai\ yuxro\n kai\ chro\n kai\ u(gro/n. kai\
ei)/te fle/bas ei)/q' h(=par ei)/t' a)rthri/as ei)/te kardi/an
ei)/te koili/an ei)/t' a)/llo ti mo/rion e)nergei=n tis
fh/seien h(ntinou=n e)ne/rgeian, a)fu/ktois a)na/gkais
a)nagkasqh/setai dia\ th\n e)k tw=n tetta/rwn poia\n
kra=sin o(mologh=sai th\n e)ne/rgeian u(pa/rxein au)tw=|.
dia\ ti/ ga\r h( gasth\r periste/lletai toi=s siti/ois,
dia\ ti/ d' ai( fle/bes ai(=ma gennw=si, para\ tw=n
*)erasistratei/wn e)deo/mhn a)kou=sai. to\ ga\r o(/ti
periste/lletai mo/non au)to\ kaq' e(auto\ gignw/skein
ou)de/pw xrhsto/n, ei) mh\ kai\ th\n ai)ti/an ei)dei/hmen:
ou(/tw ga\r a)\n oi)=mai kai\ ta\ sfa/lmata qerapeu/saimen. ou) me/lei, fasi/n, h(mi=n ou)de\ polupragmonou=men e)/ti ta\s toiau/tas ai)ti/as: u(pe\r
i)atro\n ga/r ei)si kai\ tw=| fusikw=| prosh/kousi.
po/teron ou)=n ou)d' a)nterei=te tw=| fa/skonti th\n me\n
eu)krasi/an th\n kata\ fu/sin ai)ti/an ei)=nai th=s e)nergei/as e(ka/stw| tw=n o)rga/nwn, th\n d' au)= duskrasi/an
no/son t' h)/dh kalei=sqai kai\ pa/ntws u(p' au)th=s
bla/ptesqai th\n e)ne/rgeian; h)\ peisqh/sesqe tai=s
tw=n palaiw=n a)podei/cesin; h)\ tri/ton ti kai\ me/son
e(kate/rou tou/twn pra/cete mh/q' w(s a)lhqe/si toi=s
lo/gois e)c a)na/gkhs peiqo/menoi mh/t' a)ntile/gontes
w(s yeude/sin, a)ll' a)porhtikoi/ tines e)cai/fnhs kai\
*purrw/neioi genh/sesqe; kai\ mh\n ei) tou=to dra/sete,
th\n e)mpeiri/an a)nagkai=on u(mi=n prosth/sasqai. tw=|
ga\r a)\n e)/ti tro/pw| kai\ tw=n i)ama/twn eu)poroi/hte
th\n ou)si/an e(ka/stou tw=n noshma/twn a)gnoou=ntes;
ti/ ou)=n ou)k e)c a)rxh=s e)mpeirikou\s u(ma=s au)tou\s
e)kale/sate; ti/ de\ pra/gmaq' h(mi=n pare/xete fusika\s
e)nergei/as e)paggello/menoi zhtei=n i)a/sews
e(/neken; ei) ga\r a)du/natos h( gasth/r e)sti/ tini
periste/llesqai kai\ tri/bein, pw=s au)th\n ei)s to\
kata\ fu/sin e)pana/comen a)gnoou=ntes th\n ai)ti/an
th=s a)dunami/as; e)gw\ me/n fhmi th\n me\n u(perteqermasme/nhn e)myukte/on h(mi=n ei)=nai, th\n d' e)yugme/nhn qermante/on: ou(/tw de\ kai\ th\n e)chrasme/nhn
u(grante/on, th\n d' u(grasme/nhn chrante/on. a)lla\
kai\ kata\ suzugi/an, ei) qermote/ra tou= kata\ fu/sin
a(/ma kai\ chrote/ra tu/xoi gegenhme/nh, kefa/laion
ei)=nai th=s i)a/sews e)myu/xein q' a(/ma kai\ u(grai/nein:
ei) d' au)= yuxrote/ra te kai\ u(grote/ra, qermai/nein
te kai\ chrai/nein ka)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn w(sau/tws: oi( d'
a)p' *)erasistra/tou ti/ pote kai\ pra/cousin ou)d'
o(/lws zhtei=n tw=n e)nergeiw=n ta\s ai)ti/as o(mologou=ntes; o( ga/r toi karpo\s th=s peri\ tw=n e)nergeiw=n
zhth/sews ou(=to/s e)sti, to\ ta\s ai)ti/as tw=n duskrasiw=n ei)do/ta ei)s to\ kata\ fu/sin e)pana/gein au)ta/s,
w(s au)to/ ge mo/non to\ gnw=nai th\n e(ka/stou tw=n
o)rga/nwn e)ne/rgeian h(/tis e)sti\n ou)/pw xrhsto\n ei)s
ta\s i)a/seis.
*)erasi/stratos de/ moi dokei= kai\ au)to\ tou=t'
a)gnoei=n, w(s, h(/tis a)\n e)n tw=| sw/mati dia/qesis bla/pth| th\n e)ne/rgeian mh\ kata/ ti sumbebhko\s a)lla\
prw/tws te kai\ kaq' e(auth/n, au(/th to\ no/shma/
e)stin au)to/. pw=s ou)=n e)/ti diagnwstiko/s te kai\
i)atiko\s e)/stai tw=n noshma/twn a)gnow=n o(/lws au)ta\
ti/na t' e)sti\ kai\ po/sa kai\ poi=a; kata\ me\n dh\ th\n
gaste/ra to/ ge tosou=ton *)erasi/stratos h)ci/wse
zhtei=sqai to\ pw=s pe/ttetai ta\ siti/a:
to\ d' h(/tis prw/th te kai\ a)rxhgo\s ai)ti/a tou/tou, pw=s ou)k
e)peske/yato; kata\ de\ ta\s fle/bas kai\ to\ ai(=ma
kai\ au)to\ to\ pw=s pare/lipen.
a)ll' ou)/q' *(ippokra/ths ou)/t' a)/llos tis w(=n
o)li/gw| pro/sqen e)mnhmo/neusa filoso/fwn h)\ i)atrw=n
a)/cion w|)/et' ei)=nai paralipei=n: a)lla\ th\n kata\
fu/sin e)n e(ka/stw| zw|/w| qermasi/an eu)/krato/n te kai\
metri/ws u(gra\n ou)=san ai(/matos ei)=nai/ fasi gennhtikh\n kai\ di' au)to/ ge tou=to kai\ to\ ai(=ma qermo\n
kai\ u(gro\n ei)=nai/ fasi th=| duna/mei xumo/n, w(/sper
th\n canqh\n xolh\n qermh\n kai\ chra\n ei)=nai, ei)
kai\ o(/ti ma/lisq' u(gra\ fai/netai. diafe/rein ga\r
au)toi=s dokei= to\ kat fantasi/an u(gro\n tou= kata\
du/namin. h)\ ti/s ou)k oi)=den, w(s a(/lmh me\n kai\
qa/latta tarixeu/ei ta\ kre/a kai\ a)/shpta diafula/ttei, to\ d' a)/llo pa=n u(/dwr to\ po/timon e(toi/mws
diafqei/rei te kai\ sh/pei; ti/s d' ou)k oi)=den, w(s
canqh=s xolh=s e)n th=| gastri\ periexome/nhs pollh=s
a)pau/stw| di/yei sunexo/meqa kai\ w(s e)me/santes
au)th\n eu)qu\s a)/diyoi gigno/meqa ma=llon h)\ ei)
pa/mpolu poto\n proshra/meqa; qermo\s ou)=n
eu)lo/gws o( xumo\s ou(=tos ei)/rhtai kai\ chro\s kata\
du/namin, w(/sper ge kai\ to\ fle/gma yuxro\n
kai\ u(gro/n. e)nargei=s ga\r kai\ peri\ tou/tou
pi/steis *(ippokra/tei te kai\ toi=s a)/llois ei)/rhntai
palaioi=s.
*pro/dikos d' e)n tw=| peri\ fu/sews a)nqrw/pou
gra/mmati to\ sugkekaume/non kai\ oi(=on u(perwpthme/non e)n toi=s xumoi=s o)noma/zwn fle/gma para\ to\
pefle/xqai th=| le/cei me\n e(te/rws xrh=tai, fula/ttei
me/ntoi to\ pra=gma kata\ tau)to\ toi=s a)/llois. th\n
d' e)n toi=s o)no/masi ta)ndro\s tou/tou kainotomi/an
i(kanw=s e)ndei/knutai kai\ *pla/twn. a)lla\ tou=to/
ge to\ pro\s a(pa/ntwn a)nqrw/pwn o)nomazo/menon
fle/gma to\ leuko\n th\n xro/an, o(\ ble/nnan o)noma/zei
*pro/dikos, o( yuxro\s kai\ u(gro\s xumo/s e)stin ou(=tos
kai\ plei=stos toi=s te ge/rousi kai\ toi=s o(pwsdh/pote yugei=sin a)qroi/zetai kai\ ou)dei\s ou)de\ maino/menos a)\n a)/llo ti h)\ yuxro\n kai\ u(gro\n ei)/poi a)\n
au)to/n.
a)=r' ou)=n qermo\s me/n ti/s e)sti kai\ u(gro\s xumo\s
kai\ qermo\s kai\ chro\s e(/teros kai\ u(gro\s kai\
yuxro\s a)/llos, ou)dei\s d' e)sti\ yuxro\s kai\ chro\s
th\n du/namin, a)ll' h( teta/rth suzugi/a tw=n
kra/sewn e)n a(/pasi toi=s a)/llois u(pa/rxousa mo/nois
toi=s xumoi=s ou)x u(pa/rxei; kai\ mh\n h(/ ge me/laina
xolh\ toiou=to/s e)sti xumo/s, o(\n oi( swfronou=ntes
i)atroi\ kai\ filo/sofoi pleonektei=n e)/fasan tw=n
me\n w(rw=n tou= e)/tous e)n fqinopw/rw| ma/lista,
tw=n d' h(likiw=n e)n tai=s meta\ th\n a)kmh/n. ou(/tw
de\ kai\ diaith/mata kai\ xwri/a kai\ katasta/seis
kai\ no/sous tina\s yuxra\s kai\ chra\s ei)=nai/
fasin: ou) ga\r dh\ xwlh\n e)n tau/th| mo/nh| th=|
suzugi/a| th\n fu/sin ei)=nai nomi/zousin a)ll' w(/sper
ta\s a)/llas trei=s ou(/tw kai\ th/nde dia\ pa/ntwn
e)kteta/sqai.
hu)ca/mhn ou)=n ka)ntau=q' e)rwth=sai du/nasqai to\n
*)erasi/straton, ei) mhde\n o)/rganon h( texnikh\ fu/sis
e)dhmiou/rghse kaqartiko\n tou= toiou/tou xumou=,
a)lla\ tw=n me\n ou)/rwn a)/ra th=s diakri/sew/s e)stin
o)/rgana du/o kai\ th=s canqh=s xolh=s e(/teron ou)
smikro/n, o( de\ tou/twn kakohqe/steros xumo\s
a)la=tai dia\ panto\s e)n tai=s fleyi\n a)namemigme/nos tw=| ai(/mati. kai/toi "*dusenteri/h," fhsi/
pou *(ippokra/ths, "h)\n a)po\ xolh=s melai/nhs
a)/rchtai, qana/simon," ou) mh\n h(/ g' a)po\ th=s canqh=s
xolh=s a)rxome/nh pa/ntws o)le/qrios, a)ll' oi( plei/ous
e)c au)th=s diasw|/zontai. tosou/tw| kakohqeste/ra
te kai\ drimute/ra th\n du/namin h( me/laina xolh\
th=s canqh=s e)stin. a)=r' ou)=n ou)/te tw=n a)/llwn
a)ne/gnw ti tw=n tou= *(ippokra/tous gramma/twn o(
*)erasi/stratos ou)de\n ou)/te to\ peri\ fu/sews a)nqrw/pou bibli/on, i(/n' ou(/tws a)rgw=s pare/lqoi th\n peri\
tw=n xumw=n e)pi/skeyin, h)\ gignw/skei me/n, e(kw\n
de\ paralei/pei kalli/sthn th=s te/xnhs qewri/an;
e)xrh=n ou)=n au)to\n mhde\ peri\ tou= splhno\s ei)rhke/nai ti mhd' a)sxhmonei=n u(po\ th=s texnikh=s fu/sews o)/rganon thlikou=ton ma/thn h(gou/menon kateskeua/sqai. kai\ mh\n ou)x *(ippokra/ths mo/non
h)\ *pla/twn, ou)de/n ti xei/rous *)erasistra/tou peri\
fu/sin a)/ndres, e(/n ti tw=n kaqairo/ntwn to\ ai(=ma
kai\ tou=t' ei)=nai/ fasi to\ spla/gxnon, a)lla\ kai\
muri/oi su\n au)toi=s a)/lloi tw=n palaiw=n i)atrw=n
te kai\ filoso/fwn, w(=n a(pa/ntwn prospoihsa/menos
u(perfronei=n o( gennai=os *)erasi/stratos ou)/t' a)ntei=pen ou)/q' o(/lws th=s do/chs au)tw=n e)mnhmo/neuse.
kai\ mh\n o(/sois ge to\ sw=ma qa/llei, tou/tois o(
splh\n fqi/nei, fhsi\n *(ippokra/ths, kai\ oi( a)po\
th=s e)mpeiri/as o(rmw/menoi pa/ntes o(mologou=sin
i)atroi/. kai\ o(/sois g' au)= me/gas kai\ u(/poulos
au)ca/netai, tou/tois katafqei/rei te kai\ kako/xuma
ta\ sw/mata ti/qhsin, w(s kai\ tou=to pa/lin ou)x
*(ippokra/ths mo/non a)lla\ kai\ *pla/twn a)/lloi te
polloi\ kai\ oi( a)po\ th=s e)mpeiri/as o(mologou=sin
i)atroi/. kai\ oi( a)po\ splhno\s de\ kakopragou=ntos
i)/kteroi mela/nteroi kai\ tw=n e(lkw=n ai( ou)lai\
me/lainai. kaqo/lou ga/r, o(/tan e)ndee/steron h)\
prosh=ken ei)s e(auto\n e(/lkh| to\n melagxoliko\n
xumo/n, a)ka/qarton me\n to\ ai(=ma, kako/xroun de\
to\ pa=n gi/gnetai sw=ma. po/te d' e)ndee/steron
e(/lkei; h)\ dh=lon o(/ti kakw=s diakei/menos; w(/sper
ou)=n toi=s nefroi=s e)nergei/as ou)/shs e(/lkein ta\
ou)=ra kakw=s e(/lkein u(pa/rxei kakopragou=sin,
ou(/tw kai\ tw=| splhni\ poio/thtos melagxolikh=s
e(lktikh\n e)n e(autw=| du/namin e)/xonti su/mfuton
a)rrwsth/santi/ pote tau/thn a)nagkai=on e(/lkein
kakw=s ka)n tw=|de paxu/teron h)/dh kai\ mela/nteron
gi/gnesqai to\ ai(=ma.
tau=t' ou)=n a(/panta pro/s te ta\s diagnw/seis
tw=n noshma/twn kai\ ta\s i)a/seis megi/sthn
parexo/mena xrei/an u(pereph/dhse tele/ws o( *)erasi/stratos kai\ katafronei=n prosepoih/sato thlikou/twn a)ndrw=n o( mhde\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn katafronw=n
a)ll' a)ei\ filoti/mws a)ntile/gwn tai=s h)/liqiwta/tais
do/cais. w(=| kai\ dh=lon, w(s ou)de\n e)/xwn ou)/t'
a)nteipei=n toi=s presbute/rois u(pe\r w(=n a)pefh/nanto
peri\ splhno\s e)nergei/as te kai\ xrei/as ou)/t' au)to\s
e)ceuri/skwn ti kaino\n ei)s to\ mhde\n o(/lws ei)pei=n
a)fi/keto. a)ll' h(mei=s ge prw=ton me\n e)k tw=n
ai)ti/wn, oi(=s a(/panta dioikei=tai ta\ kata\ ta\s
fuseis, tou= qermou= le/gw kai\ yuxrou= kai\ chrou=
kai\ u(grou=, deu/teron d' e)c au)tw=n tw=n e)nargw=s
fainome/nwn kata\ to\ sw=ma yuxro\n kai\ chro\n
ei)=nai/ tina xrh=nai xumo\n a)pedei/camen. e(ch=s d',
o(/ti kai\ melagxoliko\s ou(=tos u(pa/rxei kai\ to\
kaqai=ron au)to\n spla/gxnon o( splh/n e)stin, dia\
braxe/wn w(s e)/ni ma/lista tw=n toi=s palaioi=s a)podedeigme/nwn a)namnh/santes e)pi\ to\ lei=pon e)/ti toi=s
parou=si lo/gois a)fico/meqa.
ti/ d' a)\n ei)/h lei=pon a)/llo g' h)\ e)chgh/sasqai
safw=s, oi(=o/n ti bou/lontai/ te kai\ a)podeiknu/ousi
peri\ th\n tw=n xumw=n ge/nesin oi( palaioi\ sumbai/nein. e)narge/steron d' a)\n gnwsqei/h dia\ paradei/gmatos. oi)=non dh/ moi no/ei gleu/kinon ou) pro\
pollou= tw=n stafulw=n e)kteqlimme/non ze/onta/ te
kai\ a)lloiou/menon u(po\ th=s e)n au)tw=| qermasi/as:
e)/peita kata\ th\n au)tou= metabolh\n du/o gennw/mena
perittw/mata to\ me\n koufo/tero/n te kai\ a)erwde/steron, to\ de\ baru/tero/n te kai\ gewde/steron,
w(=n to\ me\n a)/nqos, oi)=mai, to\ de\ tru/ga kalou=si.
tou/twn tw=| me\n e(te/rw| th\n canqh\n xolh/n, tw=| d'
e(te/rw| th\n me/lainan ei)ka/zwn ou)k a)\n a(ma/rtois, ou)
th\n au)th\n e)xo/ntwn i)de/an tw=n xumw=n tou/twn e)n
tw=| kata\ fu/sin dioikei=sqai to\ zw=|on, oi(/an kai\
para\ fu/sin e)/xontos e)pifai/nontai polla/kis.
h( me\n ga\r canqh\ lekiqw/dhs gi/gnetai: kai\ ga\r
o)noma/zousin ou(/tws au)th/n, o(/ti tai=s tw=n w)w=n
leki/qois o(moiou=tai kata/ te xro/an kai\ pa/xos.
h( d' au)= me/laina kakohqe/stera me\n polu\ kai\
au(/th th=s kata\ fu/sin: o)/noma d' ou)de\n i)/dion kei=tai
tw=| toiou/tw| xumw=|, plh\n ei)/ pou/ tines h)\ custiko\n
h)\ o)cw/dh keklh/kasin au)to/n, o(/ti kai\ drimu\s o(moi/ws
o)/cei gi/gnetai kai\ cu/ei ge to\ sw=ma tou= zw|/ou
kai\ th\n gh=n, ei) kat' au)th=s e)kxuqei/h, kai/ tina
meta\ pomfolu/gwn oi(=on zu/mwsi/n te kai\ ze/sin
e)rga/zetai, shpedo/nos e)pikth/tou proselqou/shs
e)kei/nw| tw=| kata\ fu/sin e)/xonti xumw=| tw=| me/lani.
kai/ moi dokou=sin oi( plei=stoi tw=n palaiw=n
i)atrw=n au)to\ me\n to\ kata\ fu/sin e)/xon tou= toiou/tou
xumou= kai\ diaxwrou=n ka/tw kai\ polla/kis e)pipola/zon a)/nw me/lana kalei=n xumo/n, ou) me/lainan
xolh/n, to\ d' e)k sugkau/sew/s tinos kai\ shpedo/nos
ei)s th\n o)cei=an meqista/menon poio/thta me/lainan
o)noma/zein xolh/n. a)lla\ peri\ me\n tw=n o)noma/twn ou) xrh\ diafe/resqai, to\ d' a)lhqe\s w(=d' e)/xon
ei)de/nai.
kata\ th\n tou= ai(/matos ge/nesin o(/son a)\n i(kanw=s
paxu\ kai\ gew=des e)k th=s tw=n siti/wn fu/sews
e)mfero/menon th=| trofh=| mh\ de/chtai kalw=s th\n
e)k th=s e)mfu/tou qermasi/as a)lloi/wsin, o( splh\n
ei)s e(auto\n e(/lkei tou=to. to\ d' o)pthqe/n, w(s a)/n
tis ei)/poi, kai\ sugkauqe\n th=s trofh=s, ei)/h d' a)\n
tou=to to\ qermo/taton e)n au)th=| kai\ gluku/taton,
oi(=on to/ te me/li kai\ h( pimelh/, canqh\ geno/menon
xolh\ dia\ tw=n xolhdo/xwn o)nomazome/nwn a)ggei/wn
e)kkaqai/retai. lepto\n d' e)sti\ tou=to kai\ u(gro\n
kai\ *r(uto\n ou)x w(/sper o(/tan o)pthqe\n e)sxa/tws
canqo\n kai\ purw=des kai\ paxu\ ge/nhtai tai=s tw=n
w)w=n o(/moion leki/qois. tou=to me\n ga\r h)/dh para\
fu/sin: qa/teron de\ to\ pro/teron ei)rhme/non kata\
fu/sin e)sti/n: w(/sper ge kai\ tou= me/lanos xumou=
to\ me\n mh/pw th\n oi(=on ze/sin te kai\ zu/mwsin th=s
gh=s e)rgazo/menon kata\ fu/sin e)sti/, to\ d' ei)s
toiau/thn meqista/menon i)de/an te kai\ du/namin h)/dh
para\ fu/sin, w(s a)\n th\n e)k th=s sugkau/sews tou=
para\ fu/sin qermou= proseilhfo\s drimu/thta kai\
oi(=on te/fra tis h)/dh gegono/s. w(=de/ pws kai\ h(
kekaume/nh tru\c th=s a)kau/stou dih/negke. qermo\n
ga/r ti xrh=ma au(/th g' i(kanw=s e)stin, w(/ste kai/ein
te kai\ th/kein kai\ diafqei/rein th\n sa/rka. th=| d'
e(te/ra| th=| mh/pw kekaume/nh| tou\s i)atrou\s e)/stin
eu(rei=n xrwme/nous ei)s o(/saper kai\ th=| gh=| th=| kaloume/nh| kerami/tidi kai\ toi=s a)/llois, o(/sa chrai/nein q'
a(/ma kai\ yu/xein pe/fuken.
ei)s th\n th=s ou(/tw sugkauqei/shs melai/nhs
xolh=s i)de/an kai\ h( lekiqw/dhs e)kei/nh meqi/statai
polla/kis, o(/tan kai\ au)th/ poq' oi(=on o)pthqei=sa
tu/xh| purw/dei qermasi/a|. ta\ d' a)/lla tw=n xolw=n
ei)/dh su/mpanta ta\ me\n e)k th=s tw=n ei)rhme/nwn
kra/sews gi/gnetai, ta\ d' oi(=on o(doi/ tine/s ei)si th=s
tou/twn gene/sew/s te kai\ ei)s a)/llhla metabolh=s.
diafe/rousi de\ tw=| ta\s me\n a)kra/tous ei)=nai kai\
mo/nas, ta\ d' oi(=on o)rroi=s tisin e)cugrasme/nas. a)ll'
oi( me\n o)rroi\ tw=n xumw=n a(/pantes perittw/mata
kai\ kaqaro\n au)tw=n ei)=nai dei=tai tou= zw|/ou to\ sw=ma.
tw=n d' ei)rhme/nwn xumw=n e)sti/ tis xrei/a th=| fu/sei
kai\ tou= paxe/os kai\ tou= leptou= kai\ kaqai/retai
pro/s te tou= splhno\s kai\ th=s e)pi\ tw=| h(/pati
ku/stews to\ ai(=ma kai\ a)poti/qetai tosou=to/n te kai\
toiou=ton e(kate/rou me/ros, o(/son kai\ oi(=on, ei)/peo ei)s
o(/lon h)ne/xqh tou= zw|/ou to\ sw=ma, bla/bhn a)/n tin'
ei)rga/sato. to\ ga\r i(kanw=s paxu\ kai\ gew=des kai\
tele/ws diapefeugo\s th\n e)n tw=| h(/pati metabolh\n
o( splh\n ei)s e(auto\n e(/lkei: to\ d' a)/llo to\ metri/ws
paxu\ su\n tw=| kateirga/sqai pa/nth fe/retai. dei=tai
ga\r e)n polloi=s tou= zw|/ou mori/ois paxu/thto/s tinos
to\ ai(=ma kaqa/per oi)=mai kai\ tw=n e)mferome/nwn
i)nw=n. kai\ ei)/rhtai me\n kai\ *pla/twni peri\ th=s
xrei/as au)tw=n, ei)rh/setai de\ kai\ h(mi=n e)n e)kei/nois
toi=s gra/mmasin, e)n oi(=s a)\n ta\s xrei/as tw=n mori/wn
dierxw/meqa: dei=tai d' ou)x h(/kista kai\ tou= canqou=
xumou= tou= mh/pw purw/dous e)sxa/tws gegenhme/nou
to\ ai(=ma kai\ ti/s au)tw=| kai\ h( para\ tou=de xrei/a,
di' e)kei/nwn ei)rh/setai.
fle/gmatos d' ou)de\n e)poi/hsen h( fu/sis o)/rganon
kaqartiko/n, o(/ti yuxro\n kai\ u(gro/n e)sti kai\ oi(=on
h(mi/pepto/s tis trofh/. dei=tai toi/nun ou) kenou=sqai
to\ toiou=ton a)ll' e)n tw=| sw/mati me/non a)lloiou=sqai.
to\ d' e)c e)gkefa/lou katarre/on peri/ttwma ta/xa
me\n a)\n ou)de\ fle/gma tis o)rqw=s a)lla\ ble/nnan te
kai\ ko/ruzan, w(/sper ou)=n kai\ o)noma/zetai, kaloi/h.
ei) de\ mh/, a)ll' o(/ti ge th=s tou/tou kenw/sews o)rqw=s
h( fu/sis prou)noh/sato, kai\ tou=t' e)n toi=s peri\
xrei/as mori/wn ei)rh/setai. kai\ ga\r ou)=n kai\ to\
kata/ te th\n gaste/ra kai\ ta\ e)/ntera sunista/menon
fle/gma o(/pws a)\n e)kkenwqh=| kai\ au)to\ ta/xista/ te
kai\ ka/llista, to\ pareskeuasme/non th=| fu/sei
mhxa/nhma di' e)kei/nwn ei)rh/setai kai\ au)to\ tw=n
u(pomnhma/twn. o(/son ou)=n e)mfe/retai tai=s fleyi\
fle/gma xrh/simon u(pa/rxon toi=s zw|/ois, ou)demia=s
dei=tai kenw/sews. prose/xein de\ xrh\ ka)ntau=qa
to\n nou=n kai\ gignw/skein, w(/sper tw=n xolw=n
e(kate/ras to\ me/n ti xrh/simo/n e)sti kai\ kata\ fu/sin
toi=s zw|/ois, to\ d' a)/xrhsto/n te kai\ para\ fu/sin,
ou(/tw kai\ tou= fle/gmatos, o(/son me\n a)\n h)=| gluku/,
xrhsto\n ei)=nai tou=to tw=| zw|/w| kai\ kata\ fu/sin, o(/son
d' o)cu\ kai\ a(lmuro\n e)ge/neto, to\ me\n o)cu\ tele/ws
h)pepth=sqai, to\ d' a(lmuro\n diasesh=fqai. telei/an
d' a)peyi/an fle/gmatos a)kou/ein xrh\ th\n th=s
deute/ras pe/yews dhlono/ti th=s e)n fleyi/n: ou)
ga\r dh\ th=s ge prw/ths th=s kata\ th\n koili/an:
h)\ ou)d' a)\n e)gege/nhto th\n a)rxh\n xumo/s, ei) kai\
tau/thn diepefeu/gei.
tau=t' a)rkei=n moi dokei= peri\ gene/sew/s te kai\
diafqora=s xumw=n u(pomnh/mat' ei)=nai tw=n *(ippokra/tei te kai\ *pla/twni kai\ *)aristote/lei kai\
*pracago/ro/ra| kai\ *dioklei= kai\ polloi=s a)/llois tw=n
palaiw=n ei)rhme/nwn: ou) ga\r e)dikai/wsa pa/nta
metafe/rein ei)s to/nde to\n lo/gon ta\ tele/ws e)kei/nois
gegramme/na. tosou=ton de\ mo/non u(pe\r e(ka/stou
ei)=pon, o(/son e)cormh/sei te tou\s e)ntugxa/nontas,
ei) mh\ panta/pasin ei)=en skaioi/, toi=s tw=n palaiw=n
o(milh=sai gra/mmasi kai\ th\n ei)s to\ *r(a=|on au)toi=s
sunei=nai boh/qeian pare/cei. ge/graptai de/ pou
kai\ di' e(te/rou lo/gou peri\ tw=n kata\ *pracago/ran
to\n *nika/rxou xumw=n. ei) ga\r kai\ o(/ti ma/lista
de/ka poiei= xwri\s tou= ai(/matos, e(nde/katos ga\r a)\n
ei)/h xumo\s au)to\ to\ ai(=ma, th=s *(ippokra/tous ou)k
a)poxwrei= didaskali/as. a)ll' ei)s ei)/dh tina\ kai\
diafora\s te/mnei tou\s u(p' e)kei/nou prw/tou pa/ntwn
a(/ma tai=s oi)kei/ais a)podei/cesin ei)rhme/nous xumou/s.
e)painei=n me\n ou)=n xrh\ tou/s t' e)chghsame/nous
ta\ kalw=s ei)rhme/na kai\ tou\s ei)/ ti parale/leiptai
prostiqe/ntas: ou) ga\r oi(=o/n te to\n au)to\n a)/rcasqai/
te kai\ teleiw=sai: me/mfesqai de\ tou\s ou(/tws
a)talaipw/rous, w(s mhde\n u(pome/nein maqei=n tw=n
o)rqw=s ei)rhme/nwn, kai\ tou\s ei)s tosou=ton filoti/mous, w(/st' e)piqumi/a| newte/rwn dogma/twn a)ei\
panourgei=n ti kai\ sofi/zesqai, ta\ me\n e(ko/ntas
paralipo/ntas, w(/sper *)erasi/stratos e)pi\ tw=n
xumw=n e)poi/hse, ta\ de\ panou/rgws a)ntile/gontas,
w(/sper au)to/s q' ou(=tos kai\ a)/lloi polloi\ tw=n
newte/rwn.
a)ll' ou(=tos me\n o( lo/gos e)ntauqoi= teleuta/tw,
to\ d' u(po/loipon a(/pan e)n tw=| tri/tw| prosqh/sw.
*G
*(/oti me\n ou)=n h( qre/yis a)lloioume/nou te kai\
o(moioume/nou gi/gnetai tou= tre/fontos tw=| trefome/nw| kai\ w(s e)n e(ka/stw| tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn
e)sti/ tis du/namis, h(\n a)po\ th=s e)nergei/as a)lloiwtikh\n me\n kata\ ge/nos, o(moiwtikh\n de\ kai\ qreptikh\n kat' ei)=dos o)noma/zomen, e)n tw=| pro/sqen
dedh/lwtai lo/gw|. th\n d' eu)pori/an th=s u(/lhs, h(\n
trofh\n e(autw=| poiei=tai to\ trefo/menon, e)c e(te/ras
tino\s e)/xein e)dei/knuto duna/mews e)pispa=sqai
pefukui/as to\n oi)kei=on xumo/n, ei)=nai d' oi)kei=on
e(ka/stw| tw=n mori/wn xumo/n, o(\s a)\n e)pith/deios
ei)s th\n e)comoi/wsin h)=|, kai\ th\n e(/lkousan au)to\n
du/namin a)po\ th=s e)nergei/as e(lktikh/n te/ tina kai\
e)pispastikh\n o)noma/zesqai. de/deiktai de\ kai/, w(s
pro\ me\n th=s o(moiw/sews h( pro/sfusi/s e)stin,
e)kei/nhs d' e)/mprosqen h( pro/sqesis gi/gnetai, te/los,
w(s a)\n ei)/poi tis, ou)=sa th=s kata\ th\n e)pispastikh\n
du/namin e)nergei/as. au)to\ me\n ga\r to\ para/gesqai
th\n trofh\n e)k tw=n flebw=n ei)s e(/kaston tw=n
mori/wn th=s e(lktikh=s e)nergou/shs gi/gnetai duna/mews,
to\ d' h)/dh parh=xqai/ te kai\ prosti/qesqai
tw=| mori/w| to\ te/los e)sti\n au)to/, di' o(\ kai\ th=s toiau/ths e)nergei/as e)deh/qhmen: i(/na ga\r prosteqh=|, dia\
tou=q' e(/lketai. xro/nou d' e)nteu=qen h)/dh plei/onos
ei)s th\n qre/yin tou= zw|/ou dei=: e(lxqh=nai me\n ga\r
kai\ dia\ taxe/wn ti du/natai, prosfu=nai de\ kai\
a)lloiwqh=nai kai\ tele/ws o(moiwqh=nai tw=| trefome/nw| kai\ me/ros au)tou= gene/sqai paraxrh=ma me\n
ou)x oi(=o/n te, xro/nw| d' a)\n plei/oni sumbai/noi
kalw=s. a)ll' ei) mh\ me/noi kata\ to\ me/ros o( prosteqei\s ou(=tos xumo/s, ei)s e(/teron de/ ti meqi/staito
kai\ pararre/oi dia\ panto\s a)mei/bwn te kai\
u(palla/ttwn ta\ xwri/a, kat' ou)de\n au)tw=n ou)/te pro/sfusis ou)/t' e)comoi/wsis e)/stai. dei= de\ ka)ntau=qa/
tinos th=| fu/sei duna/mews e(te/ras ei)s poluxro/nion
monh\n tou= prosteqe/ntos tw=| mori/w| xumou= kai\
tau/ths ou)k e)/cwqe/n poqen e)pirreou/shs a)ll' e)n
au)tw=| tw=| qreyome/nw| katw|kisme/nhs, h(\n a)po\ th=s
e)nergei/as pa/lin oi( pro\ h(mw=n h)nagka/sqhsan o)noma/sai kaqektikh/n.
o( me\n dh\ lo/gos h)/dh safw=s e)nedei/cato th\n
a)na/gkhn th=s gene/sews th=s toiau/ths duna/mews kai\
o(/stis a)kolouqi/as su/nesin e)/xei, pe/peistai bebai/ws e)c w(=n ei)/pomen, w(s u(pokeime/nou te kai\
proapodedeigme/nou tou= texnikh\n ei)=nai th\n fu/sin
kai\ tou= zw|/ou khdemonikh\n a)nagkai=on u(pa/rxein
au)th=| kai\ th\n toiau/thn du/namin.
a)ll' h(mei=s ou) tou/tw| mo/nw| tw=| ge/nei th=s a)podei/cews ei)qisme/noi xrh=sqai, prostiqe/ntes d' au)tw=|
kai\ ta\s e)k tw=n e)nargw=s fainome/nwn a)nagkazou/sas
te kai\ biazome/nas pi/steis e)pi\ ta\s toiau/tas kai\
nu=n a)fico/meqa kai\ dei/comen e)pi\ me/n tinwn mori/wn
tou= sw/matos ou(/tws e)nargh= th\n kaqektikh\n
du/namin, w(s au)tai=s tai=s ai)sqh/sesi diagignw/skesqai th\n e)ne/rgeian au)th=s, e)pi\ de/ tinwn h(=tton
me\n e)nargw=s tai=s ai)sqh/sesi, lo/gw| de\ ka)ntau=qa
fwraqh=nai duname/nhn.
*)arcw/meq' ou)=n th=s didaskali/as a)p' au)tou= tou=
te/ws prw=ton meqo/dw| tini\ proxeiri/sasqai mo/ri'
a)/tta tou= sw/matos, e)f' w(=n a)kribw=s e)/sti basani/sai te kai\ zhth=sai th\n kaqektikh\n du/namin o(poi/a
pot' e)sti/n.
a)=r' ou)=n a)/meinon a)/n tis e(te/rwqen h)\ a)po\ tw=n
megi/stwn te kai\ koilota/twn o)rga/nwn u(pa/rcaito
th=s zhth/sews; e)moi\ me\n ou)=n ou)k a)\n dokei= be/ltion.
e)nargei=s gou=n ei)ko\s e)pi\ tou/twn fanh=nai ta\s e)nergei/as dia\ to\ me/geqos: w(s ta/ ge smikra\ ta/x' a)/n,
ei) kai\ sfodra\n e)/xei th\n toiau/thn du/namin, a)ll'
ou)k ai)sqh/sei g' e(toi/mhn diagignw/skesqai th\n
e)ne/rgeian au)th=s.
a)ll' e)/stin e)n toi=s ma/lista koilo/tata kai\ me/gista tw=n tou= zw|/ou mori/wn h(/ te gasth\r kai\ ai(
mh=trai/ te kai\ u(ste/rai kalou/menai. ti/ ou)=n kwlu/ei
tau=ta prw=ta proxeirisame/nous e)piske/yasqai
ta\s e)nergei/as au)tw=n, o(/sai me\n kai\ pro\ th=s a)natomh=s
dh=lai, th\n e)ce/tasin e)f' h(mw=n au)tw=n poioume/nous,
o(/sai d' a)mudro/terai, ta\ paraplh/sia diairou=ntas
a)nq rw/pw| zw=|a, ou)x w(s ou)k a)\n i(kanw=s to/ ge
kaqo/lou peri\ th=s zhtoume/nhs duna/mews kai\ tw=n
a)nomoi/wn e)ndeicome/nwn, a)ll' w(s i(/n' a(/ma tw=| koinw=|
kai\ to\ i)/dion e)f' h(mw=n au)tw=n e)gnwko/tes ei)/s te ta\s
diagnw/seis tw=n noshma/twn kai\ ta\s i)a/seis eu)porw/teroi gignw/meqa.
peri\ me\n ou)=n a)mfote/rwn tw=n o)rga/nwn a(/ma
le/gein a)du/naton, e)n me/rei d' u(pe\r e(kate/rou
poihso/meqa to\n lo/gon a)po\ tou= safe/steron
e)ndei/casqai duname/nou th\n kaqektikh\n du/namin
a)rca/menoi. kate/xei me\n ga\r kai\ h( gasth\r ta\
siti/a, me/xri per a)\n e)kpe/yh|, kate/xousi de\ kai\
ai( mh=trai to\ e)/mbruon, e)/st' a)\n teleiw/swsin: a)lla\
pollapla/sio/s e)stin o( th=s tw=n e)mbru/wn teleiw/sews xro/nos th=s tw=n siti/wn pe/yews.
ei)ko\s ou)=n kai\ th\n du/namin e)narge/steron e)n
tai=s mh/trais fwra/sein h(ma=s th\n kaqektikh/n,
o(/sw| kai\ poluxroniwte/ran th=s gastro\s th\n
e)ne/rgeian ke/kthtai. mhsi\ ga\r e)nne/a pou tai=s
plei/stais tw=n gunaikw=n e)n au)tai=s teleiou=tai
ta\ kuh/mata, memukui/ais me\n a(/panti tw=| au)xe/ni,
periexou/sais de\ pantaxo/qen au)ta\ su\n tw=| xori/w|.
kai\ pe/ras ge th=s tou= sto/matos mu/sews kai\ th=s
tou= kuoume/nou kata\ ta\s mh/tras monh=s h( xrei/a
th=s e)nergei/as e)sti/n: ou) ga\r w(s e)/tuxen ou)d'
a)lo/gws i(kana\s periste/llesqai kai\ kate/xein to\
e)/mbruon h( fu/sis a)pei/rgasato ta\s u(ste/ras, a)ll'
i(/n' ei)s to\ pre/pon a)fi/khtai me/geqos to\ kuou/menon.
o(/tan ou)=n, ou(= xa/rin e)nh/rgoun th=| kaqekt/ikh=| duna/mei, sumpeplhrwme/non h)=|, tau/thn me\n a)ne/pausa/n
te kai\ ei)s h)remi/an e)panh/gagon, a)nt' au)th=s d'
e(te/ra| xrw=ntai th=s te/ws h(suxazou/sh|, th=| prowstikh=|. h)=n d' a)/ra kai\ th=s e)kei/nhs h(suxi/as o(/ros h(
xrei/a kai\ th=s g' e)nergei/as w(sau/tws h( xrei/a:
kalou/shs me\n ga\r au)th=s e)nergei=, mh\ kalou/shs d'
h(suxa/zei.
kai\ xrh\ pa/lin ka)ntau=qa katamaqei=n th=s
fu/sews th\n te/xnhn, w(s ou) mo/non e)nergeiw=n xrhsi/mwn duna/meis e)ne/qhken e(ka/stw| tw=n o)rga/nwn,
a)lla\ kai\ tou= tw=n h(suxiw=n te kai\ kinh/sewn
kairou= prou)noh/sato. kalw=s me\n ga\r a(pa/ntwn
gignome/nwn tw=n kata\ th\n ku/hsin h( a)pokritikh\
du/namis h(suxa/zei tele/ws w(/sper ou)k ou)=sa, kakopragi/as de/ tinos genome/nhs h)\ peri\ to\ xori/on h)\
peri/ tina tw=n a)/llwn u(me/nwn h)\ peri\ to\ kuou/menon au)to\ kai\ th=s teleiw/sews au)tou= panta/pasin
a)pognwsqei/shs ou)ke/t' a)name/nousi to\n e)nnea/mhnon
ai( mh=trai xro/non, a)ll' h( me\n kaqektikh\ du/namis
au)ti/ka dh\ pe/pautai kai\ paraxwrei= kinei=sqai th=|
pro/teron a)rgou/sh|, pra/ttei d' h)/dh ti kai\ pragmateu/etai xrhsto\n h( a)pokritikh/ te kai\ prowstikh/:
kai\ ga\r ou)=n kai\ tau/thn ou(/tws e)ka/lesan a)po\ tw=n
e)nergeiw=n au)th=| ta\ o)no/mata qe/menoi kaqa/per kai\
tai=s a)/llais.
kai/ pws o( lo/gos e)/oiken u(pe\r a)mfote/rwn
a)podei/cein a(/ma: kai\ ga/r toi kai\ diadexome/nas
au)ta\s a)llh/las kai\ paraxwrou=san a)ei\ th\n
e(te/ran th=| loiph=|, kaqo/ti a)\n h( xrei/a keleu/h|, kai\
th\n didaskali/an koinh\n ou)k a)peiko/s e)sti de/xesqai. th=s me\n ou)=n kaqektikh=s duna/mews e)/rgon
peristei=lai ta\s mh/tras tw=| kuoume/nw| pantaxo/qen, w(/st' eu)lo/gws a(ptome/nais me\n tai=s maieutri/ais to\ sto/ma memuko\s au)tw=n fai/netai, tai=s
kuou/sais d' au)tai=s kata\ ta\s prw/tas h(me/ras kai\
ma/lista kat' au)th\n e)kei/nhn, e)n h(=|per a)\n h( th=s
gonh=s su/llhyis ge/nhtai, kinoume/nwn te kai\
suntrexousw=n ei)s e(auta\s tw=n u(sterw=n ai)/sqhsis gi/gnetai kai\ h)\n a)/mfw tau=ta sumbh=|, mu=sai me\n to\
sto/ma xwri\s flegmonh=s h)/ tinos a)/llou paqh/matos, ai)/sqhsin de\ th=s kata\ ta\s mh/tras kinh/sews a)kolouqh=sai, pro\s au(ta\s h)/dh to\ spe/rma
to\ para\ ta)ndro\s ei)lhfe/nai te kai\ kate/xein ai(
gunai=kes nomi/zousi.
tau=ta d' ou)x h(mei=s nu=n a)napla/ttomen h(mi=n
au)toi=s, a)ll' e)k makra=s pei/ras dokimasqe/nta
pa=si ge/graptai sxedo/n ti toi=s peri\ tou/twn
pragmateusame/nois. *(hro/filos me/n ge kai\ w(s
ou)de\ purh=na mh/lhs a)\n de/xoito tw=n mhtrw=n to\
sto/ma, pri\n a)pokuei=n th\n gunai=ka, kai\ w(s ou)de\
tou)la/xiston e)/ti die/sthken, h)\n u(pa/rchtai ku/ein,
kai\ w(s e)pi\ ple/on a)nastomou=ntai kata\ ta\s tw=n
e)pimhni/wn fora/s, ou)k w)/knhse gra/fein: sunomologou=si d' au)tw=| kai\ oi( a)/lloi pa/ntes oi( peri\
tou/twn pragmateusa/menoi kai\ prw=to/s g' a(pa/ntwn
i)atrw=n te kai\ filoso/fwn *(ippokra/ths a)pefh/nato
mu/ein to\ sto/ma tw=n u(sterw=n e)/n te tai=s kuh/sesi
kai\ tai=s flegmonai=s, a)ll' e)n me\n tai=s kuh/sesin
ou)k e)cista/menon th=s fu/sews, e)n de\ tai=s flegmonai=s
sklhro\n gigno/menon.
e)pi\ de/ ge th=s e)nanti/as th=s e)kkritikh=s a)noi/gnutai me\n to\ sto/ma, proe/rxetai d' o( puqmh\n
a(/pas o(/son oi(=o/n t' e)gguta/tw tou= sto/matos
a)pwqou/menos e)/cw to\ e)/mbruon, a(/ma d' au)tw=| kai\
ta\ sunexh= me/rh ta\ oi(=on pleura\ tou= panto\s
o)rga/nou sunepilambano/mena tou= e)/rgou qli/bei
te kai\ prowqei= pa=n e)/cw to\ e)/mbruon. kai\ pollai=s
tw=n gunaikw=n w)di=nes bi/aioi ta\s mh/tras o(/las
e)kpesei=n h)na/gkasan a)me/trws xrhsame/nais th=|
toiau/th| duna/mei, paraplhsi/ou tino\s gignome/nou
tw=| polla/kis e)n pa/lais tisi\ kai\ filoneiki/ais
sumbai/nonti, o(/tan a)natre/yai te kai\ katabalei=n
e(te/rous speu/dontes au)toi\ sugkatape/swmen.
ou(/tw ga\r kai\ ai( mh=trai to\ e)/mbruon w)qou=sai
sunece/peson e)ni/ote kai\ ma/lisq', o(/tan oi( pro\s th\n
*r(a/xin au)tw=n su/ndesmoi xalaroi\ fu/sei tugxa/nwsin
o)/ntes.
e)/sti de\ kai\ tou=to qaumasto/n ti th=s fu/sews
so/fisma, to\ zw=ntos me\n tou= kuh/matos a)kribw=s
pa/nu memuke/nai to\ sto/ma tw=n mhtrw=n, a)poqano/ntos de\ paraxrh=ma dianoi/gesqai tosou=ton,
o(/son ei)s th\n e)/codon au)tou= diafe/rei. kai\ me/ntoi
kai\ ai( mai=ai ta\s tiktou/sas ou)k eu)qu\s a)nista=sin
ou)d' e)pi\ to\n di/fron kaqi/zousin, a)ll' a(/ptontai
pro/teron a)noigome/nou tou= sto/matos kata\ braxu\
kai\ prw=ton me/n, w(/ste to\n mikro\n da/ktulon
kaqie/nai, diesthke/nai fasi/n, e)/peit' h)/dh kai\
mei=zon kai\ kata\ braxu\ dh\ punqanome/nois h(mi=n
a)pokri/nontai to\ me/geqos th=s diasta/sews e)paucano/menon. o(/tan d' i(kano\n h)=| pro\s th\n tou=
kuoume/nou di/odon, a)nista=sin au)ta\s kai\ kaqi/zousi
kai\ proqumei=sqai keleu/ousin a)pw/sasqai to\
paidi/on. e)/sti d' h)/dh tou=to to\ e)/rgon, o(\ par'
e(autw=n ai( ku/ousai prostiqe/asin, ou)ke/ti tw=n
u(sterw=n, a)lla\ tw=n kat' e)piga/strion muw=n, oi(\
pro\s th\n a)popa/thsi/n te kai\ th\n ou)/rhsin h(mi=n
sunergou=sin.
ou(/tw me\n e)pi\ tw=n mhtrw=n e)nargw=s ai( du/o
fai/nontai duna/meis, e)pi\ de\ th=s gastro\s w(=de.
prw=ton me\n toi=s klu/dwsin, oi(\ dh\ kai\ pepi/steuntai
toi=s i)atroi=s a)rrw/stou koili/as ei)=nai sumptw/mata
kai\ kata\ lo/gon pepi/steuntai: e)ni/ote me\n ga\r
e)la/xista prosenhnegme/nwn ou) gi/gnontai peristellome/nhs a)kribw=s au)toi=s th=s gastro\s kai\
sfiggou/shs pantaxo/qen, e)ni/ote de\ mesth\ me\n h(
gasth/r e)stin, oi( klu/dwnes d' w(s e)pi\ kenh=s
e)cakou/ontai. kata\ fu/sin me\n ga\r e)/xousa kai\
xrwme/nh kalw=s th=| peristaltikh=| duna/mei, ka)\n
o)li/gon h)=| to\ periexo/menon, a(/pan au)to\ perilamba/nousa xw/ran ou)demi/an a)polei/pei kenh/n,
a)rrwstou=sa de/, kaqo/ti a)\n a)dunath/sh| perilabei=n
a)kribw=s, e)ntau=q' eu)ruxwri/an tin' e)rgazome/nh
sugxwrei= toi=s periexome/nois u(groi=s kata\ ta\s
tw=n sxhma/twn metallaga\s a)/llot' a)llaxo/se
metarreousi klu/dwnas a)potelei=n.
eu)lo/gws ou)=n, o(/ti mhde\ pe/yousin i(kanw=s, oi( e)n
tw=de tw=| sumptw/mati geno/menoi prosdokw=sin: ou)
ga\r e)nde/xetai pe/yai kalw=s a)/rrwston gaste/ra.
toi=s toiou/tois de\ kai\ me/xri plei/onos e)n au)th=|
fai/netai parame/non to\ ba/ros, w(s a)\n kai\ bradu/teron pe/ttousi. kai\ mh\n qauma/seien a)/n tis e)p'
au)tw=n tou/twn ma/lista to\ poluxro/nion th=s e)n th=|
gastri\ diatribh=s ou) tw=n siti/wn mo/non a)lla\ kai\
tou= po/matos: ou) ga/r, o(/per a)\n oi)hqei/h tis, w(s to\
th=s gastro\s sto/ma to\ ka/tw steno\n i(kanw=s
u(pa/rxon ou)de\n pari/hsi pri\n a)kribw=s leiwqh=nai,
tou=t' ai)/tion o)/ntws e)sti/. polla\ gou=n polla/kis
o)pwrw=n o)sta= me/gista katapi/nousi pa/mpolloi
kai/ tis daktu/lion xrusou=n e)n tw=| sto/mati fula/ttwn a)/kwn kate/pie kai\ a)/llos tis no/misma kai\
a)/llos a)/llo ti sklhro\n kai\ duskate/rgaston,
a)ll' o(/mws a(/pantes ou(=toi *r(a|di/ws a)pepa/thsan, a(\
kate/pion, ou)deno\s au)toi=s a)kolouqh/santos sumptw/matos. ei) de/ g' h( steno/ths tou= po/rou th=s
gastro\s ai)ti/a tou= me/nein e)pi\ ple/on h)=n toi=s
a)tri/ptois siti/ois, ou)de\n a)\n tou/twn pote\ diexw/rhsen. a)lla\ kai\ to\ ta\ po/mat' au)toi=s e)n th=|
gastri\ parame/nein e)pi\ plei=ston i(kano\n a)pa/gein
th\n u(po/noian tou= po/rou th=s steno/thtos: o(/lws
ga/r, ei)/per h)=n e)n tw=| kexulw=sqai to\ qa=tton
u(pie/nai, ta/ te *r(ofh/mat' a)\n ou(/tw kai\ to\ ga/la kai\
o( th=s ptisa/nhs xulo\s au)ti/ka diech/|ei pa=sin.
a)ll' ou)x w(=d' e)/xei: toi=s me\n ga\r a)sqene/sin e)pi\
plei=ston e)mplei= tau=ta kai\ klu/dwnas e)rga/zetai
parame/nonta kai\ qli/bei kai\ baru/nei th\n gaste/ra,
toi=s d' i)sxuroi=s ou) mo/non tou/twn ou)de\n sumbai/nei,
a)lla\ kai\ polu\ plh=qos a)/rtwn kai\ krew=n u(poxwrei= taxe/ws.
ou) mo/non d' e)k tou= periteta/sqai th\n gaste/ra
kai\ baru/nesqai kai\ metarrei=n a)/llot' ei)s a)/lla
me/rh meta\ klu/dwnos to\ parame/nein e)pi\ ple/on e)n
au)th=| pa/ntws toi=s ou(/tws e)/xousi tekmh/rait' a)/n
tis a)lla\ ka)k tw=n e)me/twn: e)/nioi ga\r ou) meta\
trei=s w(/ras h)\ te/ttaras a)lla\ nuktw=n h)/dh me/swn
pampo/llou metacu\ xro/nou dielqo/ntos e)pi\ tai=s
prosforai=s a)nh/mesan a)kribw=s a(/panta ta\ e)dhdesme/na.
kai\ me\n dh\ kai\ zw=|on o(tiou=n e)mplh/sas u(gra=s
trofh=s, w(/sper h(mei=s polla/kis e)pi\ suw=n e)peira/qhmen e)c a)leu/rwn me/q' u(/datos oi(=on kukew=na/ tina
do/ntes au)toi=s, e)/peita meta\ trei=s pou kai\ te/ttaras
w(/ras a)natemo/ntes, ei) ou(/tw kai\ su\ pra/ceias,
eu(rh/seis e)/ti kata\ th\n gaste/ra ta\ e)dhdesme/na:
pe/ras ga\r au)toi=s e)sti th=s e)ntau=qa monh=s ou)x h(
xu/lwsis, h(\n kai\ e)kto\s e)/ti o)/ntwn mhxanh/sasqai
dunato/n e)stin, a)ll' h( pe/yis, e(/tero/n ti th=s xulw/sews ou)=sa, kaqa/per ai(ma/twsi/s te kai\ qre/yis.
w(s ga\r ka)kei=na de/deiktai poioth/twn metabolh=|
gigno/mena, to\n au)to\n tro/pon kai\ h( e)n th=| gastri\
pe/yis tw=n siti/wn ei)s th\n oi)kei/an e)sti\ tw=|
trefome/nw| poio/thta metabolh\ kai\ o(/tan ge pefqh=|
tele/ws, a)noi/gnutai me\n thnikau=ta to\ ka/tw sto/ma,
diekpi/ptei d' au)tou= ta\ siti/a *r(a|di/ws, ei) kai\
plh=qo/s ti meq' e(autw=n e)/xonta tu/xoi li/qwn h)\
o)stw=n h)\ giga/rtwn h)/ tinos a)/llou xulwqh=nai
mh\ duname/nou. kai/ soi tou=t' e)/nestin e)pi\ zw|/ou
qea/sasqai stoxasame/nw| to\n kairo\n th=s ka/tw
dieco/dou. kai\ me/n ge kai\ ei) sfalei/hs pote\ tou= kairou= kai\ mhde\n mh/pw ka/tw pare/rxoito pettome/nwn
e)/ti kata\ th\n gaste/ra tw=n siti/wn, ou)d' ou(/tws
a)/karpos h( a)natomh/ soi genh/setai: qea/sh| ga\r
e)p' au)tw=n, o(/per o)li/gw| pro/sqen e)le/gomen, a)kribw=s me\n memuko/ta to\n pulwro/n, a(/pasan de\ th\n
gaste/ra periestalme/nhn toi=s siti/ois tro/pon
o(moio/taton, oi(=o/nper kai\ ai( mh=trai toi=s kuoume/nois. ou) ga\r e)/stin ou)de/pote kenh\n eu(rei=n
xw/ran ou)/te kata\ ta\s u(ste/ras ou)/te kata\ th\n
koili/an ou)/te kata\ ta\s ku/steis a)mfote/ras ou)/te
kata\ th\n xolhdo/xon o)nomazome/nhn ou)/te th\n
e(te/ran: a)ll' ei)/t' o)li/gon ei)/h to\ periexo/menon e)n
au)tai=s ei)/te polu/, mestai\ kai\ plh/reis au)tw=n ai(
koili/ai fai/nontai peristellome/nwn a)ei\ tw=n xitw/nwn toi=s periexome/nois, o(/tan ge kata\ fu/sin e)/xh|
to\ zw=|on.
*)erasi/stratos d' ou)k oi)=d' o(/pws th\n peristolh\n
th=s gastro\s a(pa/ntwn ai)ti/an a)pofai/nei kai\ th=s
leiw/sews tw=n siti/wn kai\ th=s tw=n perittwma/twn
u(poxwrh/sews kai\ th=s tw=n kexulwme/nwn a)nado/sews.
e)gw\ me\n ga\r muria/kis e)pi\ zw=ntos e)/ti tou= zw|/ou
dielw\n to\ perito/naion eu(=ron a)ei\ ta\ me\n e)/ntera
pa/nta peristello/mena toi=s e)nupa/rxousi, th\n
koili/an d' ou)x a(plw=s, a)ll' e)pi\ me\n tai=s e)dwdai=s
a)/nwqe/n te kai\ ka/twqen au)ta\ kai\ pantaxo/qen a)kribw=s
perieilhfui=an a)ki/nhton, w(s dokei=n h(nw=sqai
kai\ peripefuke/nai toi=s siti/ois: e)n de\ tou/tw| kai\
to\n pulwro\n eu(/riskon a)ei\ memuko/ta kai\ kekleisme/non a)kribw=s w(/sper to\ tw=n u(sterw=n sto/ma
tai=s e)gku/mosin.
e)pi\ me/ntoi tai=s pe/yesi sumpeplhrwme/nais
a)ne/w|kto me\n o( pulwro/s, h( gasth\r de\ peristaltikw=s e)kinei=to paraplhsi/ws toi=s e)nte/rois.
a(/pant' ou)=n a)llh/lois o(mologei= tau=ta kai\ th=|
gastri\ kai\ tai=s u(ste/rais kai\ tai=s ku/stesin ei)=nai/
tinas e)mfu/tous duna/meis kaqektika\s me\n tw=n
oi)kei/wn poioth/twn, a)pokritika\s de\ tw=n a)llotri/wn. o(/ti me\n ga\r e(/lkei th\n xolh\n ei)s e(auth\n h(
e)pi\ tw=| h(/pati ku/stis, e)/mprosqen de/deiktai, o(/ti de\
kai\ a)pokri/nei kaq' e(ka/sthn h(me/ran ei)s th\n
gaste/ra, kai\ tou=t' e)nargw=s fai/netai. kai\ mh\n ei)
diede/xeto th\n e(lktikh\n du/namin h( e)kkritikh\ kai\
mh\ me/sh tis a)mfoi=n h)=n h( kaqektikh/, dia\ panto\s
e)xrh=n a)natemnome/nwn tw=n zw|/wn i)/son plh=qos
xolh=s eu(ri/skesqai kata\ th\n ku/stin: ou) mh\n
eu(ri/sketai/ ge. pote\ me\n ga\r plhresta/th, pote\
de\ kenota/th, pote\ de\ ta\s e)n tw=| metacu\ diafora\s
e)/xousa qewrei=tai, kaqa/per kai\ h( e(te/ra ku/stis h(
to\ ou)=ron u(podexome/nh. tau/ths me/n ge kai\ pro\
th=s a)natomh=s ai)sqano/meqa, pri\n a)niaqh=nai tw=|
plh/qei barunqei=san h)\ th=| drimu/thti dhxqei=san,
a)qroizou/shs e)/ti to\ ou)=ron, w(s ou)/shs tino\s ka)ntau=qa
duna/mews kaqektikh=s.
ou(/tw de\ kai\ h( gasth\r u(po\ drimu/thtos polla/kis dhxqei=sa prwiai/teron tou= de/ontos a)/pepton
e)/ti th\n trofh\n a)potri/betai. au)=qis d' a)/n pote
tw=| plh/qei barunqei=sa h)\ kai\ kat' a)/mfw sunelqo/nta kakw=s diateqei=sa diarroi/ais e(a/lw. kai\
me/n ge kai\ oi( e)/metoi, tw=| plh/qei barunqei/shs
au)th=s h)\ th\n poio/thta tw=n e)n au)th=| siti/wn te kai\
perittwma/twn mh\ ferou/shs, a)na/logo/n ti tai=s
diarroi/ais pa/qhma th=s a)/nw gastro/s e)stin. o(/tan
me\n ga\r e)n toi=s ka/tw me/resin au)th=s h( toiau/th
ge/nhtai dia/qesis, e)rrwme/nwn tw=n kata\ to\n sto/maxon, ei)s diarroi/as e)teleu/thsen, o(/tan d' e)n toi=s
kata\ to\ sto/ma, tw=n a)/llwn eu)rwstou/ntwn, ei)s
e)me/tous.
e)/nesti de\ kai\ tou=to polla/kis e)nargw=s i)dei=n
e)pi\ tw=n a)posi/twn: a)nagkazo/menoi ga\r e)sqi/ein
ou)/te katapi/nein eu)sqenou=sin ou)/t', ei) kai\ bia/sainto,
kate/xousin, a)ll' eu)qu\s a)nemou=si. kai\ oi( a)/llws
de\ tw=n e)desma/twn pro\s o(tiou=n dusxerai/nontes
biasqe/ntes e)ni/ote prosa/rasqai taxe/ws e)cemou=sin,
h)\ ei) kata/sxoien biasa/menoi, nautiw/deis t' ei)si\
kai\ th=s gastro\s u(pti/as ai)sqa/nontai kai\ speudou/shs a)poqe/sqai to\ lupou=n.
ou(/tws e)c a(pa/ntwn tw=n fainome/nwn, o(/per e)c
a)rxh=s e)rre/qh, marturei=tai to\ dei=n u(pa/rxein toi=s
tou= zw|/ou mori/ois sxedo\n a(/pasin e)/fesin me/n tina
kai\ oi(=on o)/recin th=s oi)kei/as poio/thtos, a)postrofh\n
de/ tina kai\ oi(=on mi=so/s ti th=s a)llotri/as. a)ll'
e)fie/mena me\n e(/lkein eu)/logon, a)postrefo/mena d'
e)kkri/nein.
ka)k tou/twn pa/lin h(/ q' e(lktikh\ du/namis
a)podei/knutai kaq' a(/pan u(pa/rxousa kai\ h( prowstikh/.
a)ll' ei)/per e)/fesi/s te/ ti/s e)sti kai\ e(/lcis, ei)/h a)/n
tis kai\ a)po/lausis: ou)de\n ga\r tw=n o)/ntwn e(/lkei ti
di' au)to\ to\ e(/lkein, a)ll' i(/n' a)polau/sh| tou= dia\
th=s o(lkh=s eu)porhqe/ntos. kai\ mh\n a)polau/ein ou)
du/natai mh\ katasxo/n. ka)n tou/tw| pa/lin h(
kaqektikh\ du/namis a)podei/knutai th\n ge/nesin
a)nagkai/an e)/xousa: safw=s ga\r e)fi/etai me\n tw=n
oi)kei/wn poioth/twn h( gasth/r, a)postre/fetai de\
ta\s a)llotri/as.
a)ll' ei)/per e)fi/etai/ te kai\ e(/lkei kai\ a)polau/ei
kate/xousa kai\ peristellome/nh, ei)/h a)/n ti kai\
pe/ras au)th=| th=s a)polau/sews ka)pi\ tw=|d' o( kairo\s
h)/dh th=s e)kkritikh=s duna/mews e)nergou/shs.
a)ll' ei) kai\ kate/xei kai\ a)polau/ei, kataxrh=tai pro\s o(\ pe/fuke. pe/fuke de\ tou=
prosh/kontos e(auth=| kata\ poio/thta kai\ oi)kei/ou
metalamba/nein: w(/sq' e(/lkei tw=n siti/wn o(/son
xrhsto/taton a)tmwdw=s te kai\ kata\ braxu\ kai\
tou=to toi=s e(auth=s xitw=sin e)napoti/qetai/ te kai\
prosti/qhsin. o(/tan d' i(kanw=s e)mplhsqh=|, kaqa/per a)/xqos ti th\n loiph\n a)poti/qetai trofh\n
e)sxhkui=a/n ti xrhsto\n h)/dh kai\ au)th\n e)k th=s pro\s
th\n gaste/ra koinwni/as: ou)de\ ga\r e)nde/xetai du/o
sw/mata dra=n kai\ pa/sxein e)pith/deia sunelqo/nta
mh\ ou)k h)/toi pa/sxein q' a(/ma kai\ dra=n h)\ qa/teron
me\n dra=n, qa/teron de\ pa/sxein. e)a\n me\n ga\r
i)sa/zh| tai=s duna/mesin, e)c i)/sou dra/sei te kai\
pei/setai, a)\n d' u(pere/xh| polu\ kai\ krath=| qa/teron,
e)nergh/sei peri\ to\ pa/sxon: w(/ste dra/sei me/ga
me/n ti kai\ ai)sqhto/n, au)to\ d' h)/toi smikro/n ti kai\
ou)k ai)sqhto\n h)\ panta/pasin ou)de\n pei/setai. a)ll'
e)n tou/tw| dh\ kai\ ma/lista dih/negke farma/kou
dhlhthri/ou trofh/: to\ me\n ga\r kratei= th=s e)n tw=|
sw/mati duna/mews, h( de\ kratei=tai.
ou)/koun e)nde/xetai trofh\n me\n ei)=nai/ ti tw=| zw|/w|
prosh/kousan, ou) mh\n kai\ kratei=sqai/ g' o(moi/ws
pro\s tw=n e)n tw=| zw|/w| poioth/twn: to\ kratei=sqai
d' h)=n a)lloiou=sqai. a)ll' e)pei\ ta\ me\n i)sxuro/tera
tai=s duna/mesi/n e)sti mo/ria, ta\ d' a)sqene/stera,
krath/sei me\n pa/nta th=s oi)kei/as tw=| zw|/w| trofh=s,
ou)x o(moi/ws de\ pa/nta: krath/sei d' a)/ra kai\ h(
gasth\r kai\ a)lloiw/sei me\n th\n trofh/n, ou) mh\n
o(moi/ws h(/pati kai\ fleyi\ kai\ a)rthri/ais kai\
kardi/a|.
po/son ou)=n e)stin, o(\ a)lloioi=, kai\ dh\ qeasw/meqa:
ple/on me\n h)\ kata\ to\ sto/ma, mei=on d' h)\ kata\ to\
h(=pa/r te kai\ ta\s fle/bas. au(/th me\n ga\r h(
a)lloi/wsis ei)s ai(/matos ou)si/an a)/gei th\n trofh/n,
h( d' e)n tw=| sto/mati meqi/sthsi me\n au)th\n e)nargw=s
ei)s e(/teron ei)=dos, ou) mh\n ei)s te/los ge metakosmei=.
ma/qois d' a)\n e)pi\ tw=n e)gkataleifqe/ntwn tai=s
diasta/sesi tw=n o)do/ntwn siti/wn kai\ katameina/ntwn di' o(/lhs nukto/s: ou)/te ga\r a)/rtos a)kribw=s o(
a)/rtos ou)/te kre/as e)sti\ to\ kre/as, a)ll' o)/zei me\n
toiou=ton, oi(=o/nper kai\ tou= zw|/ou to\ sto/ma, diale/lutai de\ kai\ diate/thke kai\ ta\s e)n tw=| zw|/w| th=s
sarko\s a)pome/maktai poio/thtas. e)/nesti de/ soi
qea/sasqai to\ me/geqos th=s e)n tw=| sto/mati tw=n
siti/wn a)lloiw/sews, ei) purou\s mashsa/menos
e)piqei/hs a)pe/ptois doqih=sin: o)/yei ga\r au)tou\s
ta/xista metaba/llonta/s te kai\ sumpe/ttontas,
ou)de\n toiou=ton, o(/tan u(/dati furaqw=sin, e)rga/sasqai duname/nous. kai\ mh\ qauma/sh|s: to\ ga/r toi
fle/gma touti\ to\ kata\ to\ sto/ma kai\ leixh/nwn
e)sti\n a)/kos kai\ skorpi/ous a)nairei= paraxrh=ma kai\
polla\ tw=n i)obo/lwn qhri/wn ta\ me\n eu)qe/ws
a)poktei/nei, ta\ d' e)s u(/steron: a(/panta gou=n
bla/ptei mega/lws. a)lla\ ta\ memashme/na siti/a
prw=ton me\n tou/tw| tw=| fle/gmati be/brektai/ te
kai\ pefu/ratai, deu/teron de\ kai\ tw=| xrwti\ tou=
sto/matos a(/panta peplhsi/aken, w(/ste plei/ona
metabolh\n ei)/lhfe tw=n e)n tai=s kenai=s xw/rais tw=n
o)do/ntwn e)sfhnwme/nwn.
a)ll' o(/son ta\ memashme/na tou/twn e)pi\ ple/on
h)lloi/wtai, tosou=ton e)kei/nwn ta\ katapoqe/nta.
mh\ ga\r ou)de\ parablhto\n h)=| to\ th=s u(perbolh=s,
ei) to\ kata\ th\n koili/an e)nnoh/saimen fle/gma kai\
xolh\n kai\ pneu=ma kai\ qermasi/an kai\ o(/lhn th\n
ou)si/an th=s gastro/s. ei) de\ kai\ sunepinoh/sais
au)th=| ta\ parakei/mena spla/gxna kaqa/per tini\
le/bhti mega/lw| puro\s e(sti/as polla/s, e)k deciw=n
me\n to\ h(=par, e)c a)risterw=n de\ to\n splh=na, th\n
kardi/an d' e)k tw=n a)/nw, su\n au)th=| de\ kai\ ta\s
fre/nas ai)wroume/nas te kai\ dia\ panto\s kinoume/nas,
e)f' a(/pasi de\ tou/tois ske/pon to\ e)pi/ploon, e)cai/sio/n tina peisqh/sh| th\n a)lloi/wsin gi/gnesqai tw=n
ei)s th\n gaste/ra katapoqe/ntwn siti/wn.
pw=s d' a)\n h)du/nato *r(a|di/ws ai(matou=sqai mh\
proparaskeuasqe/nta th=| toiau/th| metabolh=|; de/deiktai ga\r ou)=n kai\ pro/sqen, w(s ou)de\n ei)s th\n
e)nanti/an a)qro/ws meqi/statai poio/thta. pw=s ou)=n
o( a)/rtos ai(=ma gi/gnetai, pw=s de\ to\ teu=tlon h)\ o(
ku/amos h)/ ti tw=n a)/llwn, ei) mh\ pro/tero/n tin' e(te/ran
a)lloi/wsin e)de/cato; pw=s d' h( ko/pros e)n toi=s
leptoi=s e)nte/rois a)qro/ws gennhqh/setai; ti/ ga\r e)n
tou/tois sfodro/teron ei)s a)lloi/wsi/n e)sti tw=n kata\
th\n gaste/ra; potera tw=n xitw/nwn to\ plh=qos h)\
tw=n geitniw/ntwn spla/gxnwn h( peri/qesis h)\ th=s
monh=s o( xro/nos h)\ su/mfuto/s tis e)n toi=s o)rga/nois
qermasi/a; kai\ mh\n kat' ou)de\n tou/twn pleonektei=
ta\ e)/ntera th=s gastro/s. ti/ pot' ou)=n e)n me\n th=|
gastri\ nukto\s o(/lhs polla/kis mei/nanta to\n
a)/rton e)/ti fula/ttesqai bou/lontai ta\s a)rxai/as
diasw|/zonta poio/thtas, e)peida\n d' a(/pac e)mpe/sh|
toi=s e)nte/rois, eu)qu\s gi/gnesqai ko/pron; ei) me\n
ga\r o( tosou=tos xro/nos a)du/natos a)lloiou=n, ou)d' o(
braxu\s i(kano/s: ei) d' ou(=tos au)ta/rkhs, pw=s ou)
polu\ ma=llon o( makro/s; a)=r' ou)=n a)lloiou=tai me\n
h( trofh\ kata\ th\n koili/an, a)/llhn de/ tin' a)lloi/wsin kai\ ou)x oi(/an e)k th=s fu/sews i)/sxei tou= metaba/llontos o)rga/nou; h)\ tau/thn me/n, ou) mh\n th/n
g' oi)kei/an tw=| tou= zw|/ou sw/mati; makrw=| tou=t'
a)dunatw/tero/n e)sti. kai\ mh\n ou)k a)/llo g' h)=n h(
pe/yis h)\ a)lloi/wsis ei)s th\n oi)kei/an tou= trefome/nou
poio/thta. ei)/per ou)=n h( pe/yis tou=t' e)/sti kai\ h(
trofh\ kata\ th\n gaste/ra de/deiktai dexome/nh
poio/thta tw=| me/llonti pro\s au)th=s qre/yesqai zw|/w|
prosh/kousan, i(kanw=s a)pode/deiktai to\ pe/ttesqai
kata\ th\n gaste/ra th\n trofh/n.
kai\ geloi=os me\n *)asklhpia/dhs ou)/t' e)n tai=s
e)rugai=s le/gwn e)mfai/nesqai/ pote th\n poio/thta
tw=n pefqe/ntwn siti/wn ou)/t' e)n toi=s e)me/tois ou)/t'
e)n tai=s a)natomai=s: au)to\ ga\r dh\ to\ tou= sw/matos
e)co/zein au)ta\ th=s koili/as e)sti\ to\ pepe/fqai. o( d'
ou(/tws e)sti\n eu)h/qhs, w(/st', e)peidh\ tw=n palaiw=n
a)kou/ei lego/ntwn e)pi\ to\ xrhsto\n e)n th=| gastri\
metaba/llein ta\ siti/a, dokima/zei zhtei=n ou) to\
kata\ du/namin a)lla\ to\ kata\ geu=sin xrhsto/n,
w(/sper h)\ tou= mh/lou mhlwdeste/rou--xrh\ ga\r
ou(/tws au)tw=| diale/gesqai--gignome/nou kata\ th\n
koili/an h)\ tou= me/litos melitwdeste/rou.
polu\ d' eu)hqe/stero/s e)sti kai\ geloio/teros o(
*)erasi/stratos h)\ mh\ now=n, o(/pws ei)/rhtai pro\s tw=n
palaiw=n h( pe/yis e(yh/sei paraplh/sios u(pa/rxein,
h)\ e(kw\n sofizo/menos e(auto/n. e(yh/sei me\n ou)=n,
fhsi/n, ou(/tws e)lafra\n e)/xousan qermasi/an ou)k
ei)ko\s ei)=nai paraplhsi/an th\n pe/yin, w(/sper h)\ th\n
*ai)/tnhn de/on u(poqei=nai th=| gastri\ h)\ a)/llws au)th=s
a)lloiw=sai ta\ siti/a mh\ duname/nhs h)\ duname/nhs
me\n a)lloiou=n, ou) kata\ th\n e)/mfuton de\ qermasi/an,
u(gra\n ou)=san dhlono/ti kai\ dia\ tou=q' e(/yein ou)k
o)pta=n ei)rhme/nhn.
e)xrh=n d' au)to/n, ei)/per peri\ pragma/twn a)ntile/gein e)bou/leto, peiraqh=nai dei=cai ma/lista me\n
kai\ prw=ton, w(s ou)de\ metaba/llei th\n a)rxh\n ou)d'
a)lloiou=tai kata\ poio/thta pro\s th=s gastro\s ta\
siti/a, deu/teron d', ei)/per mh\ oi(=o/s t' h)=n tou=to
pistw/sasqai, to\ th\n a)lloi/wsin au)tw=n a)/xrhston
ei)=nai tw=| zw|/w|: ei) de\ mhde\ tou=t' ei)=xe diaba/llein,
e)cele/gcai th\n peri\ ta\s drastika\s a)rxa\s u(po/lhyin kai\ dei=cai ta\s e)nergei/as e)n toi=s mori/ois ou)
dia\ th\n e)k qermou= kai\ yuxrou= kai\ chrou= kai\
u(grou= poia\n kra=sin u(pa/rxein a)lla\ di' a)/llo ti:
ei) de\ mhde\ tou=t' e)to/lma diaba/llein, a)ll' o(/ti ge
mh\ to\ qermo/n e)stin e)n toi=s u(po\ fu/sews dioikoume/nois to\ tw=n a)/llwn drastikw/taton. h)\ ei) mh/te
tou=to mh/te tw=n a)/llwn ti tw=n e)/mprosqen ei)=xen
a)podeiknu/nai, mh\ lhrei=n o)no/mati prospalai/onta
ma/thn, w(/sper ou) safw=s *)aristote/lou\s e)/n t'
a)/llois polloi=s ka)n tw=| teta/rtw| tw=n metewrologikw=n o(/pws h( pe/yis e(yh/sei paraplh/sios ei)=nai
le/getai, kai\ o(/ti mh\ prw/tws mhde\ kuri/ws o)nomazo/ntwn, ei)rhko/tos.
a)ll', w(s h)/dh le/lektai polla/kis, a)rxh\ tou/twn
a(pa/ntwn e)sti\ mi/a to\ peri\ qermou= kai\ yuxrou= kai\
chrou= kai\ u(grou= diaske/yasqai, kaqa/per *)aristote/lhs e)poi/hsen e)n tw=| deute/rw| peri\ gene/sews kai\
fqora=s, a)podei/cas a(pa/sas ta\s kata\ ta\ sw/mata
metabola\s kai\ a)lloiw/seis u(po\ tou/twn gi/gnesqai.
a)ll' *)erasi/stratos ou)/te tou/tois ou)/t' a)/llw| tini\
tw=n proeirhme/nwn a)nteipw\n e)pi\ tou)/noma mo/non
e)tra/peto th=s e(yh/sews.
e)pi\ me\n ou)=n th=s pe/yews, ei) kai\ ta)=lla pa/nta
pare/lipe, to\ gou=n o(/ti diafe/rei th=s e)kto\s e(yh/sews
h( e)n toi=s zw|/ois pe/yis, e)peira/qh deiknu/nai, peri\
de\ th=s katapo/sews ou)d' a)/xri tosou/tou. ti/ ga/r
fhsin;
"*(olkh\ me\n ou)=n th=s koili/as ou)demi/a fai/netai
ei)=nai."
kai\ mh\n du/o xitw=nas h( gasth\r e)/xei pa/ntws
e(/neka/ tou gegono/tas kai\ dih/kousin ou(=toi me/xri
tou= sto/matos, o( me\n e)/ndon, oi(=o/s e)sti kata\ th\n
gaste/ra, toiou=tos diame/nwn, o( d' e(/teros e)pi\ to\
sarkwde/steron e)n tw=| stoma/xw| trepo/menos. o(/ti
me\n ou)=n e)nanti/as a)llh/lais ta\s e)pibola\s tw=n
i)nw=n e)/xousin oi( xitw=nes ou(=toi, to\ faino/menon
au)to\ marturei=. ti/nos d' e(/neka toiou=toi gego/nasin, *)erasi/stratos me\n ou)d' e)pexei/rhsen ei)pei=n,
h(mei=s d' e)rou=men.
o( me\n e)/ndon eu)qei/as e)/xei ta\s i)=nas, o(lkh=s ga\r
e(/neka ge/gonen: o( d' e)/cwqen e)gkarsi/as u(pe\r tou=
kata\ ku/klon periste/llesqai: e(ka/stw| ga\r tw=n
kinoume/nwn o)rga/nwn e)n toi=s sw/masi kata\ ta\s
tw=n i)nw=n qe/seis ai( kinh/seis ei)si/n. e)p' au)tw=n de\
prw=ton tw=n muw=n, ei) bou/lei, basa/nison to\n
lo/gon, e)f' w(=n kai\ ai( i)=nes e)narge/statai kai\ ai(
kinh/seis au)tw=n o(rw=ntai dia\ sfodro/thta. meta\
de\ tou\s mu=s e)pi\ ta\ fusika\ tw=n o)rga/nwn i)/qi kai\
pa/nt' o)/yei kata\ ta\s i)=nas kinou/mena kai\ dia\ tou=q'
e(ka/stw| me\n tw=n e)nte/rwn stroggu/lai kaq' e(ka/teron tw=n xitw/nwn ai( i)=ne/s ei)si: periste/llontai
ga\r mo/non, e(/lkousi d' ou)de/n. h( gasth\r de\ tw=n
i)nw=n ta\s me\n eu)qei/as e)/xei xa/rin o(lkh=s, ta\s d'
e)gkarsi/as e(/neka peristolh=s: w(/sper ga\r e)n toi=s
musi\n e(ka/sths tw=n i)nw=n teinome/nhs te kai\ pro\s
th\n a)rxh\n e(lkome/nhs ai( kinh/seis gi/gnontai, kata\
to\n au)to\n lo/gon ka)n th=| gastri/: tw=n me\n ou)=n
e)gkarsi/wn i)nw=n teinome/nwn e)/latton a)na/gkh gi/gnesqai
to\ eu)=ros th=s periexome/nhs u(p' au)tw=n
koilo/thtos, tw=n d' eu)qeiw=n e(lkome/nwn te kai\ ei)s
e(auta\s sunagome/nwn ou)k e)nde/xetai mh\ ou)
sunairei=sqai to\ mh=kos. a)lla\ mh\n e)nargw=s ge fai/netai
katapino/ntwn sunairou/menon kai\ tosou=ton o(
la/rugc a)natre/xwn, o(/son o( sto/maxos kataspa=tai, kai\ o(/tan ge sumplhrwqei/shs th=s e)n tw=|
katapi/nein e)nergei/as a)feqh=| th=s ta/sews o( sto/maxos, e)nargw=s pa/lin fai/netai katafero/menos o(
la/rugc: o( ga\r e)/ndon xitw\n th=s gastro\s o( ta\s
eu)qei/as i)=nas e)/xwn o( kai\ to\n sto/maxon u(palei/fwn
kai\ to\ sto/ma toi=s e)nto\s me/resin e)pektei/netai tou=
la/ruggos, w(/st' ou)k e)nde/xetai kataspw/menon
au)to\n u(po\ th=s koili/as mh\ ou) sunepispa=sqai kai\
to\n la/rugga.
o(/ti d' ai( periferei=s i)=nes, ai(=s periste/lletai
ta/ t' a)/lla mo/ria kai\ h( gasth/r, ou) sunairou=si
to\ mh=kos, a)lla\ suste/llousi kai\ stenou=si th\n
eu)ru/thta, kai\ par' au)tou= labei=n e)/stin o(mologou/menon *)erasistra/tou: periste/llesqai ga/r fhsi
toi=s siti/ois th\n gaste/ra kata\ to\n th=s pe/yews
a(/panta xro/non. a)ll' ei) periste/lletai me/n,
ou)de\n de\ tou= mh/kous a)fairei=tai th=s koili/as, ou)k
e)/sti th=s peristaltikh=s kinh/sews i)/dion to\ kataspa=n ka/tw to\n sto/maxon. o(/per ga\r au)to\s o(
*)erasi/stratos ei)=pe, tou=to mo/non au)to\
sumbh/setai to\ tw=n a)/nw sustellome/nwn diaste/llesqai ta\ ka/tw. tou=to d' o(/ti, ka)\n ei)s nekrou= to\n
sto/maxon u(/datos e)gxe/h|s, fai/netai gigno/menon,
ou)dei\s a)gnoei=. tai=s ga\r tw=n u(lw=n dia\ stenou=
sw/matos o(doipori/ais a)ko/louqo/n e)sti to\ su/mptwma: qaumasto\n ga/r, ei) dierxome/nou tino\s
au)to\n o)/gkou mh\ diastalh/setai. ou)kou=n to\ me\n
tw=n a)/nw sustellome/nwn diaste/llesqai ta\ ka/tw
koino/n e)sti kai\ toi=s nekroi=s sw/masi, di' w(=n
o(pwsou=n ti diece/rxetai, kai\ toi=s zw=sin, ei)/te
periste/lloito toi=s dierxome/nois ei)/q' e(/lkoito.
to\ de\ th=s tou= mh/kous sunaire/sews i)/dion tw=n
ta\s eu)qei/as i)=nas e)xo/ntwn o)rga/nwn, i(/n' e)pispa/swntai/ ti. a)lla\ mh\n e)dei/xqh kataspw/menos o(
sto/maxos, ou) ga\r a)\n ei(=lke to\n la/rugga: dh=lon
ou)=n, w(s h( gasth\r e(/lkei ta\ siti/a dia\ tou=
stoma/xou.
kai\ h( kata\ to\n e)/meton de\ tw=n e)moume/nwn a)/xri
tou= sto/matos fora\ pa/ntws me/n pou kai\ au)th\ ta\
me\n u(po\ tw=n a)naferome/nwn diateino/mena me/rh
tou= stoma/xou diestw=ta ke/kthtai, tw=n pro/sw d'
o(/ ti a)\n e(ka/stot' e)pilamba/nhtai, tou=t' a)rxo/menon
diaste/lletai, to\ d' o)/pisqen katalei/pei dhlono/ti
sustello/menon, w(/sq' o(moi/an ei)=nai pa/nth th\n
dia/qesin tou= stoma/xou kata/ ge tou=to th=| tw=n
katapino/ntwn: a)lla\ th=s o(lkh=s mh\ parou/shs to\
mh=kos o(/lon i)/son e)n toi=s toiou/tois sumptw/masi
diafula/ttetai.
dia\ tou=to de\ kai\ katapi/nein *r(a=|o/n e)stin h)\ e)mei=n,
o(/ti katapi/netai me\n a)mfoi=n th=s gastro\s tw=n
xitw/nwn e)nergou/ntwn, tou= me\n e)nto\s e(/lkontos, tou=
d' e)kto\s peristellome/nou te kai\ sunepwqou=ntos,
e)mei=tai de\ qate/rou mo/nou tou= e)/cwqen e)nergou=ntos,
ou)deno\s e(/lkontos ei)s to\ sto/ma. ou) ga\r dh\ w(/sper
h( th=s gastro\s o)/recis prohgei=to tou= katapi/nein
ta\ siti/a, to\n au)to\n tro/pon ka)n toi=s e)me/tois
e)piqumei= ti tw=n kata\ to\ sto/ma mori/wn tou= gignome/nou paqh/matos, a)ll' a)/mfw th=s gastro\s au)th=s
ei)sin e)nanti/ai diaqe/seis, o)regome/nhs me\n kai\
prosieme/nhs ta\ xrh/sima/ te kai\ oi)kei=a, dusxerainou/shs de\ kai\ a)potribome/nhs ta\ a)llo/tria. dio\
kai\ to\ katapi/nein au)to\ toi=s me\n i(kanw=s o)regome/nois tw=n oi)kei/wn e)desma/twn th=| gastri\ ta/xista
gi/gnetai, safw=s e(lkou/shs au)ta\ kai\ kataspw/shs
pri\n h)\ mashqh=nai, toi=s d' h)/toi fa/rmako/n ti kat'
a)na/gkhn pi/nousin h)\ siti/on e)n xw/ra| farma/kou
prosferome/nois a)niara\ kai\ mo/gis h( kata/posis
au)tw=n e)pitelei=tai.
dh=los ou)=n e)stin e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn o( me\n e)/ndon
xitw\n th=s gastro\s o( ta\s eu)qei/as e)/xwn i)=nas th=s
e)k tou= sto/matos ei)s au)th\n o(lkh=s e(/neka gegonw\s
kai\ dia\ tou=t' e)n tai=s katapo/sesi mo/nais e)nergw=n,
o( d' e)/cwqen o( ta\s e)gkarsi/as e)/xwn e(/neka me\n tou=
periste/llesqai toi=s e)nupa/rxousi kai\ prowqei=n
au)ta\ toiou=tos a)potelesqei/s, e)nergw=n d' ou)de\n
h(=tton e)n toi=s e)me/tois h)\ tai=s katapo/sesin. e)narge/stata de\ marturei= tw=| legome/nw| kai\ to\ kata\
ta\s xa/nnas te kai\ tou\s suno/dontas gigno/menon:
eu(ri/sketai ga\r e)ni/ote tou/twn h( gasth\r e)n tw=|
sto/mati kaqa/per kai\ o( *)aristote/lhs e)n tai=s peri\
zw|/wn e)/grayen i(stori/ais kai\ prosti/qhsi/ ge th\n
ai)ti/an u(po\ laimargi/as au)toi=s tou=to sumbai/nein
fa/skwn.
e)/xei ga\r w(=de: kata\ ta\s sfodrote/ras o)re/ceis
a)/nw prostre/xei pa=si toi=s zw|/ois h( gasth/r, w(/ste
tine\s tou= pa/qous ai)/sqhsin e)nargh= sxo/ntes
e)ce/rpein au(toi=s fasi th\n koili/an, e)ni/wn de\
maswme/nwn e)/ti kai\ mh/pw kalw=s e)n tw=| sto/mati
ta\ siti/a katergasame/nwn e)carpa/zei fanerw=s
a)ko/ntwn. e)f' w(=n ou)=n zw|/wn fu/sei laima/rgwn
u(parxo/ntwn h(/ t' eu)ruxwri/a tou= sto/mato/s e)sti
dayilh\s h(/ te th=s gastro\s qe/sis e)ggu/s, w(s e)pi\
suno/donto/s te kai\ xa/nnhs, ou)de\n qaumasto/n, o(/tan
i(kanw=s peina/santa diw/kh| ti tw=n mikrote/rwn
zw|/wn, ei)=t' h)/dh plhsi/on h)=| tou= sullabei=n, a)natre/xein e)peigou/shs th=s e)piqumi/as ei)s to\ sto/ma
th\n gaste/ra. gene/sqai d' a)/llws a)mh/xanon tou=to
mh\ ou)x w(/sper dia\ xeiro\s tou= stoma/xou th=s
gastro\s e)pispwme/nhs ei)s e(auth\n ta\ siti/a. kaqa/per ga\r kai\ h(mei=s u(po\ proqumi/as e)ni/ote th=| xeiri\
sunepektei/nomen o(/lous h(ma=s au)tou\s e(/neka tou=
qa=tton e)pidra/casqai tou= prokeime/nou sw/matos,
ou(/tw kai\ h( gasth\r oi(=on xeiri\ tw=| stoma/xw|
sunepektei/netai. kai\ dia\ tou=t' e)f' w(=n zw|/wn a(/ma
ta\ tri/a tauti\ sune/pesen, e)/fesi/s te sfodra\ th=s
trofh=s o(/ te sto/maxos mikro\s h(/ t' eu)ruxwri/a tou=
sto/matos dayilh/s, e)pi\ tou/twn o)li/gh *r(oph\ th=s
e)pekta/sews ei)s to\ sto/ma th\n koili/an o(/lhn a)nafe/rei.
h)/rkei me\n ou)=n i)/sws a)ndri\ fusikw=| par' au)th=s
mo/nhs th=s kataskeuh=s tw=n o)rga/nwn th\n e)/ndeicin
th=s e)nergei/as lamba/nein. ou) ga\r dh\ ma/thn g'
a)\n h( fu/sis e)k duoi=n xitw/nwn e)nanti/ws a)llh/lois
e)xo/ntwn a)peirga/sato to\n oi)sofa/gon, ei) mh\ kai\
diafo/rws e(ka/teros au)tw=n e)nergei=n e)/mellen. a)ll'
e)pei\ pa/nta ma=llon h)\ ta\ th=s fu/sews e)/rga diagignw/skein oi( peri\ to\n *)erasi/strato/n ei)sin
i(kanoi/, fe/re ka)k th=s tw=n zw|/wn a)natomh=s e)pidei/cwmen au)toi=s, w(s e(ka/teros tw=n xitw/nwn e)nergei=
th\n ei)rhme/nhn e)ne/rgeian. ei) dh/ ti labw\n zw=|on,
ei)=ta gumnw/sas au)tou= ta\ perikei/mena tw=| stoma/xw|
sw/mata xwri\s tou= diatemei=n tina tw=n neu/rwn h)\
tw=n a)rthriw=n h)\ tw=n flebw=n tw=n au)to/qi tetagme/nwn e)qe/lois a)po\ th=s ge/nuos e(/ws tou= qw/rakos
eu)qei/ais tomai=s dielei=n to\n e)/cw xitw=na to\n ta\s
e)gkarsi/as i)=nas e)/xonta ka)/peita tw=| zw|/w| trofh\n
prosene/gkois, o)/yei katapi=non au)to\ kai/toi th=s
peristaltikh=s e)nergei/as a)polwlui/as. ei) d' au)=
pa/lin e)f' e(te/rou zw|/ou diate/mois a)mfote/rous tou\s
xitw=nas tomai=s e)gkarsi/ais, qea/sh| kai\ tou=to
katapi=non ou)ke/t' e)nergou=ntos tou= e)nto/s. w(=| dh=lon,
o(/ti kai\ dia\ qate/rou me\n au)tw=n katapi/nein oi(=o/n
t' e)sti/n, a)lla\ xei=ron h)\ di' a)mfote/rwn. pro\s
ga\r au)= toi=s a)/llois kai\ tou=t' e)/sti qea/sasqai
safw=s e)pi\ th=s ei)rhme/nhs a)natomh=s, w(s e)n tw=|
katapi/nein u(popi/mplatai pneu/matos o( sto/maxos
tou= sugkatapinome/nou toi=s siti/ois, o(\ peristellome/nou me\n tou= e)/cwqen xitw=nos w)qei=tai *r(adi/ws
ei)s th\n gaste/ra su\n toi=s e)de/smasi, mo/nou de\ tou=
e)/ndon u(pa/rxontos e)mpodw\n i(/statai th=| fora=| tw=n
siti/wn diatei=no/n t' au)to\n kai\ th\n e)ne/rgeian
e)mpodi/zon.
a)ll' ou)/te tou/twn ou)de\n *)erasi/stratos ei)=pen
ou)/q' w(s h( skolia\ qe/sis tou= stoma/xou diaba/llei
safw=s to\ do/gma tw=n nomizo/ntwn u(po\ th=s a)/nwqen
bolh=s mo/nhs podhgou/mena me/xri th=s gastro\s
i)e/nai ta\ katapino/mena. mo/non d' o(/ti polla\ tw=n
makrotraxh/lwn zw|/wn e)pikekufo/ta katapi/nei,
kalw=s ei)=pen. w(=| dh=lon, o(/ti to\ faino/menon ou)
to\ pw=s katapi/nomen a)podei/knusin, a)lla\ to\ pw=s
ou) katapi/nomen: o(/ti ga\r mh\ dia\ mo/nhs th=s a)/nwqen
bolh=s, e)k tou/tou dh=lon: ou) mh\n ei)/q' e(lkou/shs
th=s koili/as ei)/te para/gontos au)ta\ tou= stoma/xou,
dh=lon h)/dh pw. a)ll' h(mei=s ge pa/ntas tou\s
logismou\s ei)po/ntes tou/s t' e)k th=s kataskeuh=s
tw=n o)rga/nwn o(rmwme/nous kai\ tou\s a)po\ tw=n a)/llwn
sumptwma/twn tw=n te pro\ tou= gumnwqh=nai to\n
sto/maxon kai\ gumnwqe/ntos, w(s o)li/gw| pro/sqen
e)le/gomen, i(kanw=s e)nedeica/meqa tou= me\n e(/lkein
e(/neka to\n e)nto\s xitw=na, tou= d' a)pwqei=n to\n e)kto\s
gegone/nai.
prou)qe/meqa me\n ou)=n a)podei=cai th\n kaqektikh\n
du/namin e)n e(ka/stw| tw=n o)rga/nwn ou)=san, w(/sper
e)n tw=| pro/sqen lo/gw| th\n e(lktikh/n te kai\ prose/ti
th\n a)lloiwtikh/n. u(po\ de\ th=s a)kolouqi/as tou=
lo/gou ta\s te/ttaras a)pedei/camen u(parxou/sas th=|
gastri/, th\n e(lktikh\n me\n e)n tw=| katapi/nein, th\n
kaqektikh\n d' e)n tw=| pe/ttein, th\n a)pwstikh\n d' e)n
toi=s e)me/tois kai\ tai=s tw=n pepemme/nwn siti/wn ei)s
to\ lepto\n e)/nteron u(poxwrh/sesin, au)th\n de\ th\n
pe/yin a)lloi/wsin u(pa/rxein.
ou)/koun e)/t' a)porh/somen ou)de\ peri\ tou= splhno/s,
ei) e(/lkei me\n to\ oi)kei=on, a)pokri/nei de\ to\ a)llo/trion,
a)lloiou=n de\ kai\ kate/xein, o(/son a)\n e)pispa/shtai,
pe/fuken, ou)de\ peri\ h(/patos h)\ flebo\s h)\ a)rthri/as
h)\ kardi/as h)\ tw=n a)/llwn tino/s: a)nagkai=ai ga\r
e)dei/xqhsan ai( te/ttares au(=tai duna/meis a(/panti
mori/w| tw=| me/llonti qre/yesqai kai\ dia\ tou=t' au)ta\s
u(phre/tidas ei)=nai qre/yews e)/famen: w(s ga\r to\ tw=n
a)nqrw/pwn a)popa/thma toi=s kusi\n h(/diston, ou(/tw
kai\ ta\ tou= h(/patos perittw/mata to\ me\n tw=|
splhni/, to\ de\ th=| xolhdo/xw| ku/stei, to\ de\ toi=s
nefroi=s oi)kei=on.
kai\ le/gein e)/ti peri\ th=s tou/twn gene/sews ou)k
a)\n e)qe/loimi meq' *(ippokra/thn kai\ *pla/twna kai\
*)aristote/lhn kai\ *diokle/a kai\ *pracago/ran kai\
*filo/timon: ou)de\ ga\r ou)de\ peri\ tw=n duna/mewn
ei)=pon a)/n, ei)/ tis tw=n e)/mprosqen a)kribw=s e)ceirga/sato to\n u(pe\r au)tw=n lo/gon.
e)pei\ d' oi( me\n palaioi\ kalw=s u(pe\r au)tw=n
a)pofhna/menoi pare/lipon a)gwni/sasqai tw=| lo/gw|,
mhd' u(ponoh/santes e)/sesqai/ tinas ei)s tosou=ton
a)naisxu/ntous sofista/s, w(s a)ntile/gein e)pixeirh=sai toi=s e)narge/sin, oi( new/teroi de\ to\ me/n ti
nikhqe/ntes u(po\ tw=n sofisma/twn e)pei/sqhsan
au)toi=s, to\ de/ ti kai\ a)ntile/gein e)pixeirh/santes
a)podei=n moi polu\ th=s tw=n palaiw=n e)/docan
duna/mews, dia\ tou=q', w(s a)\n e)kei/nwn au)tw=n, ei)/per e)/t'
h)=n tis, a)gwni/sasqai/ moi dokei= pro\s tou\s a)natre/pontas th=s te/xnhs ta\ ka/llista, kai\ au)to\s ou(/tws
e)peira/qhn sunqei=nai tou\s lo/gous.
o(/ti d' h)\ ou)de\n h)\ panta/pasin a)nu/sw ti smikro/n, ou)k a)gnow=: pa/mpolla ga\r eu(ri/skw tele/ws
me\n a)podedeigme/na toi=s palaioi=s, ou)/te de\ suneta\
toi=s polloi=s tw=n nu=n di' a)maqi/an a)ll' ou)d'
e)pixeirou/mena gignw/skesqai dia\ *r(a|qumi/an, ou)/t',
ei) kai\ gnwsqei/h tini/, dikai/ws e)cetazo/mena.
xrh\ ga\r to\n me/llonta gnw/sesqai/ ti tw=n pollw=n a)/meinon eu)qu\s me\n kai\ th=|
fu/sei kai\ th=| prw/th|
didaskali/a| polu\ tw=n a)/llwn dienegkei=n: e)peida\n
de\ ge/nhtai meira/kion, a)lhqei/as tina\ sxei=n e)rwtikh\n mani/an, w(/sper e)nqousiw=nta
kai\ mh/q' h(me/ras
mh/te nukto\s dialei/pein speu/donta/ te kai\ suntetame/non e)kmaqei=n, o(/sa toi=s e)ndocota/tois ei)/rhtai
tw=n palaiw=n: e)peida\n d' e)kma/qh|, kri/nein au)ta\
kai\ basani/zein xro/nw| pampo/llw| kai\ skopei=n,
po/sa me\n o(mologei= toi=s e)nargw=s fainome/nois,
po/sa de\ diafe/retai, kai\ ou(/tw ta\ me\n ai(rei=sqai,
ta\ d' a)postre/fesqai. tw=| me\n dh\ toiou/tw| pa/nu
sfo/dra xrhsi/mous h)/lpika tou\s h(mete/rous e)/sesqai
lo/gous: ei)=en d' a)\n o)li/goi panta/pasin ou(=toi:
toi=s d' a)/llois ou(/tw genh/setai to\ gra/mma peritto/n, w(s ei) kai\ mu=qon o)/nw| tis le/goi.
*sumperante/on ou)=n h(mi=n to\n lo/gon e(/neka tw=n
th=s a)lhqei/as e)fieme/nwn o(/sa lei/pei kat' au)to\n
e)/ti prosqei=sin. w(s ga\r h( gasth\r e(/lkei me\n
e)nargw=s kai\ kataspa=| ta\ siti/a toi=s sfo/dra
peinw/desi, pri\n a)kribw=s e)n tw=| sto/mati leiwqh=nai, dusxerai/nei de\ kai\
a)pwqei=tai toi=s a)posi/tois te kai\ pro\s a)na/gkhn e)sqi/ousin, ou(/tw kai\
tw=n a)/llwn o)rga/nwn e(/kaston a)mfote/ras e)/xei ta\s
duna/meis, th/n te tw=n oi)kei/wn e(lktikh\n kai\ th\n
tw=n a)llotri/wn a)pokritikh/n. kai\ dia\ tou=to, ka)\n
e)c e(no\s h)=| xitw=nos o)/rgano/n ti sunestw/s, w(/sper
kai\ ai( ku/steis a)mfo/terai kai\ ai( mh=trai kai\ ai(
fle/bes, a)mfo/tera tw=n i)nw=n e)/xei ta\ ge/nh, tw=n
eu)qeiw=n te kai\ tw=n e)gkarsi/wn.
*kai\ me/n ge kai\ tri/ton ti ge/nos i)nw=n e)sti
tw=n locw=n, e)/latton polu\ tw=| plh/qei tw=n
proeirhme/nwn du/o genw=n. eu(ri/sketai d' e)n me\n
toi=s e)k duoi=n xitw/nwn sunesthko/sin o)rga/nois
e)n qate/rw| mo/nw| tai=s eu)qei/ais i)si\n a)namemigme/non,
e)n de\ toi=s e)c e(no\s a(/ma toi=s a)/llois du/o ge/nesi.
sunepilamba/nousi d' au(=tai me/giston th=| th=s kaqektikh=s o)nomasqei/shs duna/mews e)nergei/a|: dei=tai
ga\r e)n tou/tw| tw=| xro/nw| pantaxo/qen e)sfi/gxqai
kai\ periteta/sqai toi=s e)nupa/rxousi to\ mo/rion, h(
me\n gasth\r e)n tw=| th=s pe/yews, ai( mh=trai d' e)n
tw=| th=s kuh/sews xro/nw| panti/.
tau=t' a)/ra kai\ o( th=s flebo\s xitw\n ei(=s w)\n e)k
polueidw=n i)nw=n e)ge/neto kai\ tw=n th=s a)rthri/as o(
me\n e)/cwqen e)k tw=n stroggu/lwn, o( d' e)/swqen e)k
me\n tw=n eu)qeiw=n plei/stwn, o)li/gwn de/ tinwn su\n
au)tai=s kai\ tw=n locw=n, w(/ste ta\s me\n fle/bas tai=s
mh/trais kai\ tai=s ku/stesin e)oike/nai kata/ ge th\n
tw=n i)nw=n su/nqesin, ei) kai\ tw=| pa/xei lei/pontai,
ta\s d' a)rthri/as th=| gastri/. mo/na de\ pa/ntwn o)rga/nwn e)k duoi=n q' a(/ma kai\
a)mfote/rwn e)gkarsi/as
e)xo/ntwn ta\s i)=nas e)ge/neto ta\ e)/ntera. to\ d' o(/ti
be/ltion h)=n tw=n t' a)/llwn e(ka/stw| toiou/tw| th\n
fu/sin u(pa/rxein, oi(=o/nper kai\ nu=n e)sti, toi=s t'
e)nte/rois e)k duoi=n o(moi/wn xitw/nwn sugkei=sqai, th=s
peri\ xrei/as mori/wn pragmatei/as e)sti/n. ou)/koun
nu=n xrh\ poqei=n a)kou/ein peri\ tw=n toiou/twn, w(/sper
ou)de\ dia\ ti/ peri\ tou= plh/qous tw=n xitw/nwn
e(ka/stou tw=n o)rga/nwn diapefw/nhtai toi=s a)natomikoi=s a)ndra/sin. u(pe\r me\n ga\r
tou/twn au)ta/rkws
e)n toi=s peri\ th=s a)natomikh=s diafwni/as ei)/rhtai:
peri\ de\ tou= dio/ti toiou=ton e(/kaston e)ge/neto tw=n
o)rga/nwn, e)n toi=s peri\ xrei/as mori/wn ei)rh/setai.
nuni\ d' ou)de/teron tou/twn pro/keitai le/gein,
a)lla\ ta\s fusika\s duna/meis mo/nas a)podeiknu/ein e)n
e(ka/stw| tw=n o)rga/nwn te/ttaras u(parxou/sas. e)pi\
tou=t' ou)=n pa/lin e)panelqo/ntes a)namnh/swme/n te
tw=n e)/mprosqen ei)rhme/nwn e)piqw=me/n te kefalh\n
h)/dh tw=| lo/gw| panti\ to\ lei=pon e)/ti prosqe/ntes.
e)peidh\ ga\r e(/kaston tw=n e)n tw=| zw|/w| mori/wn e(/lkein
ei)s e(auto\ to\n oi)kei=on xumo\n a)pode/deiktai kai\
prw/th sxedo\n au(/th tw=n fusikw=n e)sti duna/mewn,
e)fech=s e)kei/nw| gnwste/on, w(s ou) pro/teron a)potri/betai th\n e(lxqei=san trofh\n
h)/toi su/mpasan
h)\ kai/ ti peri/ttwma au)th=s, pri\n a)\n ei)s e)nanti/an
metape/sh| dia/qesin h)\ au)to\ to\ o)/rganon h)\ kai\ tw=n
periexome/nwn e)n au)tw=| ta\ plei=sta. h( me\n ou)=n
gasth/r, e)peida\n me\n i(kanw=s e)mplhsqh=| tw=n siti/wn
kai\ to\ xrhsto/taton au)tw=n ei)s tou\s e(auth=s xitw=nas e)napo/qhtai bda/llousa,
thnikau=t' h)/dh to\
loipo\n a)potri/betai kaqa/per a)/xqos a)llo/trion:
ai( ku/steis d', e)peida\n e(/kaston tw=n e(lxqe/ntwn h)\
tw=| plh/qei diatei=non h)\ th=| poio/thti da/knon a)niaro\n
ge/nhtai.
tw=| d' au)tw=| tro/pw| kai\ ai( mh=trai: h)/toi ga/r,
e)peida\n mhke/ti fe/rwsi diateino/menai, to\ lupou=n
a)poqe/sqai speu/dousin h)\ th=| poio/thti dakno/menai
tw=n e)kxuqe/ntwn ei)s au)ta\s u(grw=n. e(ka/teron de\
tw=n ei)rhme/nwn gi/gnetai me\n kai\ biai/ws e)/stin o(/te
kai\ a)mblw/skousi thnikau=ta, gi/gnetai d' w(s ta\
polla\ kai\ proshko/ntws, o(/per ou)k a)mblw/skein
a)ll' a)pokui/+skein te kai\ ti/ktein o)noma/zetai. toi=s
me\n ou)=n a)mblwqridi/ois farma/kois h)/ tisin a)/llois
paqh/masi diafqei/rousi to\ e)/mbruon h)/ tinas tw=n
u(me/nwn au)tou= *r(hgnu/ousin ai( a)mblw/seis e(/pontai,
ou(/tw de\ ka)peida\n a)niaqw=si/ poq' ai( mh=trai kakw=s
e)/xousai th=| diata/sei, tai=s de\ tw=n e)mbru/wn au)tw=n
kinh/sesi tai=s sfodrota/tais oi( to/koi, kaqa/per
kai\ tou=q' *(ippokra/tei kalw=s ei)/rhtai. koino\n d'
a(pasw=n tw=n diaqe/sewn h( a)ni/a kai\ tau/ths ai)/tion
tritto\n h)\ o)/gkos peritto\s h)/ ti ba/ros h)\ dh=cis:
o)/gkos me/n, e)peida\n mhke/ti fe/rwsi diateino/menai,
ba/ros d', e)peida\n u(pe\r th\n *r(w/mhn au)tw=n h)=| to\
periexo/menon, dh=cis d', e)peida\n h)/toi ta\ pro/teron
e)n toi=s u(me/sin u(gra\ stego/mena *r(age/ntwn au)tw=n
ei)s au)ta\s e)kxuqh=| ta\s mh/tras h)\ kai\ su/mpan
a)pofqare\n to\ ku/hma shpo/meno/n te kai\ dialuo/menon ei)s moxqhrou\s i)xw=ras ou(/tws e)reqi/zh| te kai\
da/knh| to\n xitw=na tw=n u(sterw=n.
a)na/logon ou)=n e)n a(/pasi toi=s o)rga/nois e(/kasta
tw=n t' e)/rgwn au)tw=n tw=n fusikw=n kai\ me/ntoi tw=n
paqhma/twn te kai\ noshma/twn fai/netai gigno/mena, ta\ me\n e)nargw=s kai\ safw=s
ou(/tws, w(s
a)podei/cews dei=sqai mhde/n, ta\ d' h(=tton me\n
e)nargw=s, ou) mh\n a)/gnwsta/ ge panta/pasi toi=s e)qe/lousi prose/xein to\n nou=n.
e)pi\ me\n ou)=n th=s gastro\s ai(/ te dh/ceis e)nargei=s,
dio/ti plei/sths ai)sqh/sews mete/xei, ta/ t' a)/lla
paqh/mata ta/ te nauti/an e)mpoiou=nta kai\ oi(
kalou/menoi kardiwgmoi\ safw=s e)ndei/knuntai th\n
a)pokritikh/n te kai\ a)pwstikh\n tw=n a)llotri/wn
du/namin, ou(/tw de\ ka)pi\ tw=n u(sterw=n te kai\ th=s
ku/stews th=s to\ ou)=ron u(podexome/nhs: e)nargw=s ga\r
ou)=n kai\ au(/th fai/netai me/xri tosou/tou to\ u(gro\n
u(podexome/nh te kai\ a)qroi/zousa, a)/xris a)\n h)/toi
pro\s tou= plh/qous au)tou= diateinome/nh mhke/ti
fe/rh| th\n a)ni/an h)\ pro\s th=s poio/thtos daknome/nh:
xroni/zon ga\r e(/kaston tw=n perittwma/twn e)n tw=|
sw/mati sh/petai dhlono/ti, to\ me\n e)la/ttoni, to\ de\
plei/oni xro/nw|, kai\ ou(/tw daknw=de/s te kai\ drimu\
kai\ a)niaro\n toi=s perie/xousi gi/gnetai. ou) mh\n
e)pi/ ge th=s e)pi\ tw=| h(/pati ku/stews o(moi/ws. e)/xei:
w(=| dh=lon, o(/ti neu/rwn h(/kista mete/xei. xrh\ de\
ka)ntau=qa to/n ge fusiko\n a)/ndra to\ a)na/logon
e)ceuri/skein. ei) ga\r e(/lkein te to\n oi)kei=on a)pedei/xqh xumo/n, w(s fai/nesqai
polla/kis mesth/n,
a)pokri/nein te to\n au)to\n tou=ton ou)k ei)s makra/n,
a)nagkai=o/n e)stin au)th\n h)\ dia\ to\ plh=qos barunome/nhn h)\ th=s poio/thtos
metaballou/shs e)pi\ to\
daknw=de/s te kai\ drimu\ th=s a)pokri/sews e)fi/esqai.
ou) ga\r dh\ ta\ me\n siti/a th\n a)rxai/an u(palla/ttei
poio/thta taxe/ws ou(/tws, w(/st', e)peida\n e)mpe/sh|
toi=s leptoi=s e)nte/rois, eu)qu\s ei)=nai ko/pron, h( xolh\
d' ou) polu\ ma=llon h)\ to\ ou)=ron, e)peida\n a(/pac
e)kpe/sh| tw=n flebw=n, e)calla/ttei th\n poio/thta,
ta/xista metaba/llonta kai\ shpo/mena. kai\ mh\n
ei)/per e)pi/ te tw=n kata\ ta\s u(ste/ras kai\ th\n
koili/an kai\ ta\ e)/ntera kai\ prose/ti th\n to\ ou)=ron
u(podexome/nhn ku/stin e)nargw=s fai/netai dia/tasi/s
tis h)\ dh=cis h)\ a)/xqos e)pegei=ron e(/kaston tw=n
o)rga/nwn ei)s a)po/krisin, ou)de\n xalepo\n ka)pi\
th=s xolhdo/xou ku/stews tau)to\ tou=t' e)nnoei=n e)pi/
te tw=n a)/llwn a(pa/ntwn o)rga/nwn, e)c w(=n dhlono/ti
kai\ ai( a)rthri/ai kai\ ai( fle/bes ei)si/n.
ou) mh\n ou)de\ to\ dia\ tou= au)tou= po/rou th/n q'
o(lkh\n gi/gnesqai kai\ th\n a)po/krisin e)n
diafe/rousi xro/nois ou)de\n e)/ti xalepo\n e)ceurei=n, ei)/ ge
kai\ th=s gastro\s o( sto/maxos ou) mo/non e)de/smata
kai\ po/mata para/gwn ei)s au)th/n, a)lla\ ka)n tai=s
nauti/ais th\n e)nanti/an u(phresi/an u(phretw=n e)nargw=s fai/netai, kai\ th=s e)pi\
tw=| h(/pati ku/stews
o( au)xh\n ei(=s w)\n a(/ma me\n plhroi= di' au(tou= th\n
ku/stin, a(/ma d' e)kkenoi=, kai\ tw=n mhtrw=n o(
sto/maxos w(sau/tws o(do/s e)stin ei)/sw me\n tou=
spe/rmatos, e)/cw de\ tou= kuh/matos.
a)lla\ ka)ntau=qa pa/lin h( me\n e)kkritikh\ du/namis
e)nargh/s, ou) mh\n o(moi/ws g' au)th=| safh\s toi=s
polloi=s h( e(lktikh/: a)ll' *(ippokra/ths me\n a)rrw/stou mh/tras ai)tiw/menos au)xe/na
fhsi/: "*ou) ga\r
du/natai au)te/hs o( sto/maxos ei)ru/sai th\n gonh/n."
*)erasi/stratos de\ kai\ *)asklhpia/dhs ei)s tosou=ton h(/kousi sofi/as, w(/st' ou)
mo/non th\n koili/an kai\
ta\s mh/tras a)posterou=si th=s toiau/ths duna/mews
a)lla\ kai\ th\n e)pi\ tw=| h(/pati ku/stin a(/ma toi=s
nefroi=s. kai/toi g' o(/ti mhd' ei)pei=n dunato\n e(/teron
ai)/tion h)\ ou)/rwn h)\ xolh=s diakri/sews, e)n tw=| prw/tw|
de/deiktai lo/gw|.
kai\ mh/tran ou)=n kai\ gaste/ra kai\ th\n e)pi\
tw=| h(/pati ku/stin di' e(no\s kai\ tau)tou= stoma/xou
th/n q' o(lkh\n kai\ th\n a)po/krisin eu(ri/skontes
poioume/nas mhke/ti qauma/zwmen, ei) kai\ dia\ tw=n
flebw=n h( fu/sis e)kkri/nei polla/kis ei)s th\n
gaste/ra perittw/mata. tou/tou d' e)/ti ma=llon
ou) xrh\ qauma/zein, ei), di' w(=n ei)s h(=par a)nedo/qh
flebw=n e)k gastro/s, au)=qis ei)s au)th\n e)c h(/patos
e)n tai=s makrote/rais a)siti/ais e(/lkesqai/ tis du/natai trofh/. to\ ga\r toi=s toiou/tois a)pistei=n
o(/moio/n e)sti dh/pou tw=| mhke/ti pisteu/ein mhd'
o(/ti ta\ kaqai/ronta fa/rmaka dia\ tw=n au)tw=n
stoma/twn e)c o(/lou tou= sw/matos ei)s th\n gaste/ra
tou\s oi)kei/ous e)pispa=tai xumou/s, di' w(=n e)/mprosqen h( a)na/dosis e)ge/neto, a)ll'
e(/tera me\n zhtei=n
a)nado/sews, e(/tera de\ kaqa/rsews sto/mata. kai\
mh\n ei)/per e(\n kai\ tau)to\ sto/ma dittai=s u(phretei=
duna/mesin, e)n diafo/rois xro/nois ei)s ta)nanti/a
th\n o(lkh\n poioume/nais, e)/mprosqen me\n th=| kata\
to\ h(=par, e)n de\ tw=| th=s kaqa/rsews kairw=| th=|
tou= farma/kou, ti/ qaumasto/n e)sti ditth\n u(phresi/an te kai\ xrei/an ei)=nai tai=s
fleyi\ tai=s
e)n tw=| me/sw| tetagme/nais h(/pato/s te kai\ tw=n
kata\ th\n koili/an, w(/sq', o(po/te me\n e)n tou/tois
a)/fqonos ei)/h periexome/nh trofh/, dia\ tw=n
ei)rhme/nwn ei)s h(=par a)nafe/resqai flebw=n, o(po/te d'
ei)/h kena\ kai\ deo/mena tre/fesqai, dia\ tw=n au)tw=n
au)=qis e)c h(/patos e(/lkesqai;
pa=n ga\r e)k panto\s e(/lkein fai/netai kai\ panti\
metadido/nai kai\ mi/a tis ei)=nai su/rroia kai\ su/mpnoia pa/ntwn, kaqa/per kai\ tou=q'
o( qeio/tatos
*(ippokra/ths ei)=pen. e(/lkei me\n ou)=n to\ i)sxuro/teron,
e)kkenou=tai de\ to\ a)sqene/steron.
i)sxuro/teron de\ kai\ a)sqene/steron e(/teron e(te/rou
mo/rion h)\ a(plw=s kai\ fu/sei kai\ koinh=| pa=si/n e)stin
h)\ i)di/ws tw=|de/ tini gi/gnetai. fu/sei me\n kai\ koinh=|
pa=sin a)nqrw/pois q' a(/ma kai\ zw/ois h( me\n kardi/a
tou= h(/patos, to\ d' h(=par tw=n e)nte/rwn te kai\ th=s
gastro/s, ai( d' a)rthri/ai tw=n flebw=n e(lku/sai te
to\ xrh/simon e(autai=s a)pokri=nai/ te to\ mh\ toiou=ton
i)sxuro/terai. kaq' e(/kaston d' h(mw=n i)di/ws e)n me\n
tw=|de tw=| kairw=| to\ h(=par i)sxuro/teron e(/lkein, h(
gasth\r d' e)n tw=|de. pollh=s me\n ga\r e)n th=| koili/a|
periexome/nhs trofh=s kai\ sfodrw=s o)regome/nou te
kai\ xrh/|zontos tou= h(/patos, pa/ntws i)sxuro/teron
e(/lkei to\ spla/gxnon: e)/mpalin de\ tou= me\n h(/patos
e)mpeplhsme/nou te kai\ diatetame/nou, th=s gastro\s
d' o)regome/nhs kai\ kenh=s u(parxou/shs h( th=s o(lkh=s
i)sxu\s ei)s e)kei/nhn meqi/statai.
w(s ga/r, ei) ka)\n tai=s xersi/ tina siti/a kate/xontes a)llh/lwn a(rpa/zoimen, ei) me\n o(moi/ws ei)/hmen
deo/menoi, perigi/gnesqai to\n i)sxuro/teron ei)ko/s, ei)
d' ou(=tos me\n e)mpeplhsme/nos ei)/h kai\ dia\ tou=t'
a)melw=s kate/xwn ta\ peritta\ h)\ kai/ tini metadou=nai poqw=n, o( d' a)sqene/steros o)re/goito deinw=s,
ou)de\n a)\n ei)/h kw/luma tou= mh\ pa/nta labei=n au)to/n,
ou(/tw kai\ h( gasth\r e)k tou= h(/patos e)pispa=tai
*r(a|di/ws, o(/tan au)th\ me\n i(kanw=s o)re/ghtai trofh=s,
e)mpeplhsme/non d' h)=| to\ spla/gxnon. kai\ tou= ge
mh\ peinh=n e)ni/ote to\ zw=|on h( periousi/a th=s e)n
h(/pati trofh=s ai)ti/a: krei/ttona ga\r e)/xousa kai\
e(toimote/ran h( gasth\r trofh\n ou)de\n dei=tai th=s
e)/cwqen: ei) de/ ge/ pote de/oito me/n, a)poroi/h de/,
plhrou=tai perittwma/twn. i)xw=res de/ tine/s ei)si
tau=ta xolw/deis te kai\ flegmatw/deis kai\ o)rrw/deis,
ou(\s mo/nous e(lkou/sh| meqi/hsin au)th=| to\ h(=par, o(/tan
pote\ kai\ au)th\ de/htai trofh=s.
w(/sper ou)=n e)c a)llh/lwn e(/lkei ta\ mo/ria
trofh/n, ou(/tw kai\ a)poti/qetai/ pot' ei)s a)/llhla
to\ peritto\n kai\ w(/sper e(lko/ntwn e)pleone/ktei to\
i)sxuro/teron, ou(/tw kai\ a)potiqeme/nwn kai\ tw=n ge
kaloume/nwn *r(euma/twn h(/de h( pro/fasis. e(/kaston
ga\r tw=n mori/wn e)/xei tina\ to/non su/mfuton, w(=|
diwqei=tai to\ peritto/n. o(/tan ou)=n e(\n e)c au)tw=n
a)rrwsto/teron ge/nhtai kata\ dh/ tina dia/qesin, e)c
a(pa/ntwn ei)s e)kei=no surrei=n a)na/gkh ta\ perittw/mata. to\ me\n ga\r i)sxuro/taton e)napoti/qetai
toi=s plhsi/on a(/pasin, e)kei/nwn d' au)= pa/lin
e(/kaston ei)s e(/ter' a)/tta tw=n a)sqeneste/rwn, ei)=t'
au)=qis e)kei/nwn e(/kaston ei)s a)/lla kai\ tou=t' e)pi\
plei=ston gi/gnetai, me/xri per a)\n e)c a(pa/ntwn
e)launo/menon to\ peri/ttwma kaq' e(/n ti mei/nh| tw=n
a)sqenesta/twn: e)nteu=qen ga\r ou)ke/t' ei)s a)/llo
du/natai metarrei=n, w(s: a)\n mh/te dexome/nou tino\s
au)to\ tw=n i)sxurote/rwn mh/t' a)pw/sasqai duname/nou
tou= peponqo/tos.
a)lla\ peri\ me\n tw=n paqw=n th=s gene/sews kai\
th=s i)a/sews au)=qis h(mw=n e)pideiknu/ntwn i(kana\ ka)c
e)kei/nwn e)/stai labei=n martu/ria tw=n e)n tw=|de tw=|
lo/gw| panti\ dedeigme/nwn o)rqw=s. o(\ d' e)n tw=|
paro/nti dei=cai prou)/keito, pa/lin a)nala/bwmen, w(s
ou)de\n qaumasto\n e)c h(/patos h(/kein tina\ trofh\n
e)nte/rois te kai\ gastri\ dia\ tw=n au)tw=n flebw=n,
di' w(=n e)/mprosqen e)c e)kei/nwn ei)s h(=par a)nedi/doto.
kai\ polloi=s a)qro/ws te kai\ tele/ws a)posta=sin
i)sxurw=n gumnasi/wn h)/ ti kw=lon a)pokopei=sin
ai(/matos dia\ tw=n e)nte/rwn gi/gnetai ke/nwsis e)/k
tinwn perio/dwn, w(/s pou kai\ *(ippokra/ths e)/legen,
ou)de\n me\n a)/llo lupou=sa, kaqai/rousa d' o)ce/ws to\
pa=n sw=ma kai\ ta\s plhsmona\s e)kkenou=sa, dia\ tw=n
au)tw=n dh/pou flebw=n th=s fora=s tw=n perittw=n e)piteloume/nhs, di' w(=n e)/mprosqen h( a)na/dosis e)gi/gneto.
polla/kis d' e)n no/sois h( fu/sis dia\ me\n tw=n
au)tw=n dh/pou flebw=n to\ pa=n e)kkaqai/rei zw=|on, ou)
mh\n ai(matw/dhs g' h( ke/nwsis au)toi=s, a)lla\ kata\
to\n lupou=nta gi/gnetai xumo/n. ou(/tw de\ ka)n tai=s
xole/rais e)kkenou=tai to\ pa=n sw=ma dia\ tw=n ei)s
e)/ntera/ te kai\ gaste/ra kaqhkousw=n flebw=n.
to\ d' oi)/esqai mi/an ei)=nai tai=s u(/lais fora\n
tele/ws a)gnoou=nto/s e)sti ta\s fusika\s duna/meis
ta/s t' a)/llas kai\ th\n e)kkritikh\n e)nanti/an ou)=san
th=| e(lktikh=|: tai=s ga\r e)nanti/ais duna/mesin e)nanti/as
kinh/seis te kai\ fora\s tw=n u(lw=n a)nagkai=on
a)kolouqei=n. e(/kaston ga\r tw=n mori/wn, o(/tan
e(lku/sh| to\n oi)kei=on xumo/n, e)/peita kata/sxh| kai\
a)polau/sh|, to\ peritto\n a(/pan a)poqe/sqai speu/dei,
kaqo/ti ma/lista du/natai ta/xista/ q' a(/ma kai\
ka/llista, kata\ th\n tou= perittou= *r(oph/n.
o(/qen h( gasth\r ta\ me\n e)pipola/zonta tw=n
perittwma/twn e)me/tois e)kkaqai/rei, ta\ d' u(fista/mena diarroi/ais. kai\ to/ ge nautiw=des gi/gnesqai
to\ zw=|on tou=t' e)/stin o(rmh=sai th\n gaste/ra kenwqh=nai di' e)me/tou. ou(/tw de\ dh/ ti bi/aion kai\
sfodro\n h( e)kkritikh\ du/namis e)/xei, w(/st' e)n toi=s
ei)leoi=s, o(/tan a)pokleisqh=| tele/ws h( ka/tw die/codos,
e)mei=tai ko/pros. kai/toi pri\n dielqei=n to/ te lepto\n e)/nteron a(/pan kai\ th\n nh=stin kai\ to\n pulwro\n
kai\ th\n gaste/ra kai\ to\n oi)sofa/gon ou)x oi(=o/n te.
dia\ tou= sto/matos e)kpesei=n ou)deni\ toiou/tw| perittw/mati. ti/ dh\ qaumasto/n, ei) ka)k th=s e)sxa/ths
e)pifanei/as th=s kata\ to\ de/rma me/xri tw=n e)nte/rwn
te kai\ th=s gastro\s a)fiknoi=to/ ti metalambano/menon, w(s kai\ tou=q' *(ippokra/ths
h(ma=s e)di/dacen,
ou) pneu=ma mo/non h)\ peri/ttwma fa/skwn a)lla\ kai\
th\n trofh\n au)th\n e)k th=s e)sxa/ths e)pifanei/as
au)=qis e)pi\ th\n a)rxh/n, o(/qen a)nhne/xqh, katafe/resqai. e)la/xistai ga\r *r(opai\
kinh/sewn th\n
e)kkritikh\n tau/thn oi)aki/zousi du/namin, w(s a)\n dia\
tw=n e)gkarsi/wn me\n i)nw=n gignome/nhn, w)ku/tata de\
diadidome/nhn a)po\ th=s kinhsa/shs a)rxh=s e)pi\ ta\
katantikru\ pe/rata. ou)/koun a)peiko\s ou)d' a)du/naton a)h/qei pote\ yu/cei to\ pro\s tw=| de/rmati
mo/rion e)cai/fnhs pilhqe\n a(/ma me\n a)rrwsto/teron
au)to\ geno/menon, a(/ma d' oi(=on a)/xqos ti ma=llon h)\
paraskeuh\n qre/yews e)/xon th\n e)/mprosqen a)lu/pws
au)tw=| paresparme/nhn u(gro/thta kai\ dia\ tou=t'
a)pwqei=sqai speu=don, a(/ma de\ th=s e)/cw fora=s
a)pokekleisme/nhs th=| puknw/sei, pro\s th\n loiph\n
e)pistrafh=nai kai\ ou(/tw biasa/menon ei)s to\
parakei/menon au)tw=| mo/rion a)qro/ws a)pw/sasqai
to\ peritto/n, e)kei=no d' au)= pa/lin ei)s to\ met' au)to/,
kai\ tou=to mh\ pau/sasqai gigno/menon, a)/xris a)\n h(
meta/lhyis e)pi\ ta\ e)nto\s pe/rata tw=n flebw=n
teleuth/sh|.
ai( me\n dh\ toiau=tai kinh/seis qa=tton a)popau/ontai, ai( d' a)po\ tw=n e)/ndoqen diereqizo/ntwn,
w(s e)/n te toi=s kaqai/rousi farma/kois kai\ tai=s
xole/rais i)sxuro/terai/ te polu\ kai\ monimw/terai
gi/gnontai kai\ diame/nousin, e)/st' a)\n kai\ h( peri\
toi=s sto/masi tw=n a)ggei/wn dia/qesis, h( to\ plhsi/on
e(/lkousa, parame/nh|. au(/th me\n ga\r to\ sunexe\s
e)kkenoi= mo/rion, e)kei=no d' au)= to\ met' au)to\ kai\ tou=t'
ou) pau/etai me/xri th=s e)sxa/ths e)pifanei/as, w(/ste
diadido/ntwn tw=n e)fech=s a)ei\ mori/wn e(te/rwn e(te/rois
to\ prw=ton pa/qos w)ku/tata diiknei=sqai me/xri tw=n
e)sxa/twn. ou(/tws ou)=n e)/xei ka)pi\ tw=n ei)lew=n. au)to\
me\n ga\r to\ flegmai=non e)/nteron ou)/te tou= ba/rous
ou)/te th=s drimu/thtos a)ne/xetai tw=n perittwma/twn
kai\ dia\ tou=t' e)kkri/nein au)ta\ speu/dei kai\ a)pwqei=sqai porrwta/tw. kwluo/menon
de\ ka/tw poiei=sqai th\n di/wsin, o(/tan e)ntauqoi= pote to\ sfodro/taton h)=| th=s
flegmonh=s, ei)s ta\ plhsia/zonta tw=n
u(perkeime/nwn e)nte/rwn a)pwqei=tai. kai\ ou(/tws h)/dh
kata\ to\ sunexe\s th\n *r(oph\n th=s e)kkritikh=s
duna/mews a)/nw poihsame/nhs a)/xri tou= sto/matos
e)pane/rxetai ta\ perittw/mata.
tau=ta me\n ou)=n dh\ ka)n toi=s tw=n noshma/twn
logismoi=s e)pi\ ple/on ei)rh/setai. to\ d' e)k panto\s
ei)s pa=n fe/resqai/ ti kai\ metalamba/nesqai kai\
mi/an a(pa/ntwn ei)=nai su/mpnoia/n te kai\ su/rroian,
w(s *(ippokra/ths e)/legen, h)/dh moi dokw= dedei=xqai
safw=s kai\ mhke/t' a)/n tina, mhd' ei) bradu\s au)tw=|
nou=s e)nei/h, peri\ tw=n toiou/twn a)porh=sai mhdeno/s,
oi(=on o(/pws h( gasth\r h)\ ta\ e)/ntera tre/fetai kai\
ti/na tro/pon e)k th=s e)sxa/ths e)pifanei/as ei)/sw ti
diiknei=tai. pa/ntwn ga\r tw=n mori/wn e(/lkein me\n
to\ prosh=ko/n te kai\ fi/lion, a)pokri/nein de\ to\
baru=non h)\ da/knon e)xo/ntwn du/namin ou)de\n qaumasto\n e)nanti/as sunexw=s gi/gnesqai kinh/seis e)n
au)toi=s, w(/sper e)pi/ te th=s kardi/as o(ra=tai safw=s
kai\ tw=n a)rthriw=n a(pasw=n kai\ tou= qw/rakos kai\
tou= pneu/monos. e)pi\ me/n ge tou/twn a(pa/ntwn
mo/non ou) kaq' e(ka/sthn kairou= *r(oph\n ta\s e)nanti/as
kinh/seis q' a(/ma tw=n o)rga/nwn kai\ fora\s tw=n
u(lw=n e)nargw=s e)/stin i)dei=n gignome/nas. ei)=t' e)pi\
me\n th=s traxei/as a)rthri/as ou)k a)porei=s e)nalla\c
pote\ me\n ei)/sw paragou/shs ei)s to\n pneu/mona to\
pneu=ma, pote\ d' e)/cw, kai\ tw=n kata\ ta\s *r(i=nas
po/rwn kai\ o(/lou tou= sto/matos w(sau/tws ou)d' ei)=nai/
soi dokei= qaumasto\n ou)de\ para/docon, ei), di' ou(=
mikrw=| pro/sqen ei)/sw parekomi/zeto to\ pneu=ma, dia\
tou/tou nu=n e)kpe/mpetai, peri\ de\ tw=n e)c h(/patos
ei)s e)/ntera/ te kai\ gaste/ra kaqhkousw=n flebw=n
a)porei=s kai/ soi qaumasto\n ei)=nai fai/netai, dia\
tw=n au)tw=n a)nadi/dosqai/ q' a(/ma th\n trofh\n ei)s
h(=par e(/lkesqai/ t' e)c e)kei/nou pa/lin ei)s gaste/ra;
dio/risai dh\ to\ a(/ma tou=to pote/rws le/geis. ei) me\n
ga\r kata\ to\n au)to\n xro/non, ou)d' h(mei=s tou=to/ ge/
famen. w(/sper ga\r ei)spne/omen e)n e(te/rw| xro/nw|
kai\ au)=qis pa/lin e)n e(te/rw| a)ntekpne/omen, ou(/tw kai\
trofh\n e)n e(te/rw| me\n xro/nw| to\ h(=par e)k th=s
gastro/s, e)n e(te/rw| d' h( gasth\r e)k tou= h(/patos
e)pispa=tai. ei) d' o(/ti kaq' e(\n kai\ tau)to\ zw=|on e(\n
o)/rganon e)nanti/ais forai=s u(lw=n u(phretei=, tou=to/
soi bou/letai dhlou=n to\ a(/ma kai\ tou=to/ se
tara/ttei, th/n t' ei)spnoh\n i)de\ kai\ th\n e)kpnoh/n. pa/ntws pou kai\ au(=tai dia\ me\n tw=n
au)tw=n o)rga/nwn
gi/gnontai, tro/pw| de\ kinh/sew/s te kai\ fora=s tw=n
u(lw=n diafe/rousin.
o( pneu/mwn me\n ou)=n kai\ o( qw/rac kai\ a)rthri/ai
ai( traxei=ai kai\ ai( lei=ai kai\ kardi/a kai\ sto/ma
kai\ *r(i=nes e)n e)laxi/stais xro/nou *r(opai=s ei)s e)nanti/as kinh/seis au)ta/ te metaba/llei kai\ ta\s u(/las
meqi/sthsin. ai( d' e)c h(/patos ei)s e)/ntera kai\ gaste/ra kaqh/kousai fle/bes ou)k e)n
ou(/tw braxe/si
xro/nou mori/ois a)ll' e)n pollai=s h(me/rais a(/pac
e)ni/ote th\n e)nanti/an kinou=ntai ki/nhsin.
e)/xei ga\r w(=de to\ su/mpan. e(/kaston tw=n o)rga/nwn ei)s e(auto\ th\n plhsia/zousan e)pispa=tai
trofh\n e)kbosko/menon au)th=s a(/pasan th\n xrhsth\n
noti/da, me/xris a)\n i(kanw=s koresqh=|, kai\ tau/thn,
w(s kai\ pro/sqen e)dei/knumen, e)napoti/qetai e(autw=|
kai\ meta\ tau=ta prosfu/ei te kai\ o(moioi=, toute/sti tre/fetai. diw/ristai ga\r
i(kanw=s e)/mprosqen e(/tero/n ti th=s qre/yews e)c a)na/gkhs au)th=s
prohgou/menon h( pro/sfusis u(pa/rxein, e)kei/nhs d'
e)/ti pro/teron h( pro/sqesis. w(/sper ou)=n toi=s
zw|/ois au)toi=s o(/ros e)sti\ th=s e)dwdh=s to\ plhrw=sai
th\n gaste/ra, kata\ to\n au)to\n tro/pon e(ka/stw|
tw=n mori/wn o(/ros e)sti\ th=s prosqe/sews h( plh/rwsis
th=s oi)kei/as u(gro/thtos. e)pei\ toi/nun a(/pan mo/rion
th=| gastri\ o(moi/ws o)re/getai tre/fesqai, kai\ periptu/ssetai th=| trofh=| kai\ ou(/tw
sfi/ggei pantaxo/qen au)th\n w(s h( gasth/r. e(/petai d' e)c a)na/gkhs
tou/tw|, kaqa/per kai\ pro/sqen e)rrhqh, to\ pe/ttesqai
toi=s siti/ois, th=s gastro\s ou) dia\ tou=to peristellome/nhs au)toi=s, i(/n' e)pith/deia toi=s a)/llois
e)rga/shtai mori/ois: ou(/tw ga\r a)\n ou)ke/ti fusiko\n
o)/rganon a)lla\ zw=|o/n ti gi/gnoito logismo/n te kai\
nou=n e)/xon, w(s ai(rei=sqai to\ be/ltion.
a)ll' au(/th me\n me\n periste/lletai tw=| to\ pa=n
sw=ma du/namin e(lktikh/n tina kai\ a)polaustikh\n
kekth=sqai tw=n oi)kei/wn poioth/twn, w(s e)/mprosqen
e)dei/knuto: sumbai/nei d' e)n tou/tw| toi=s siti/ois
a)lloiou=sqai. kai\ me/ntoi kai\ plhrwqei=sa th=s
e)c au)tw=n u(gro/thtos kai\ koresqei=sa ba/ros h(gei=tai
to\ loipo\n au)ta/. to\ peritto\n ou)=n eu)qu\s
a)potri/betai/ te kai\ w)qei= ka/tw pro\s e(/teron e)/rgon
au)th\ trepome/nh, th\n pro/sfusin. e)n de\ tou/tw|
tw=| xro/nw| dierxome/nh to\ e)/nteron a(/pan h( trofh\
dia\ tw=n ei)s au)to\ kaqhko/ntwn a)ggei/wn a)narpa/zetai, plei/sth me\n ei)s ta\s fle/bas, o)li/gh de/ tis
ei)s ta\s a)rthri/as, w(s mikro\n u(/steron a)podei/comen.
e)n tou/tw| d' au)= tw=| xro/nw| kai\ toi=s tw=n e)nte/rwn
xitw=si prosti/qetai.
kai/ moi temw\n h)/dh tw=| logismw=| th\n th=s trofh=s
oi)konomi/an a(/pasan ei)s trei=s moi/ras xro/nwn, e)n
me\n th=| prw/th| no/ei me/nousa/n q' a(/ma kata\ th\n
koili/an au)th\n kai\ pettome/nhn kai\ prostiqeme/nhn
ei)s ko/ron th=| gastri\ kai/ ti kai\ tw=| h(/pati par'
au)th=s a)nafero/menon.
e)n de\ th=| deute/ra| dierxome/nhn ta/ t' e)/ntera
kai\ prostiqeme/nhn ei)s ko/ron au)toi=s te tou/tois kai\
tw=| h(/pati kai/ ti braxu\ me/ros au)th=s pa/nth tou=
sw/matos fero/menon: e)n de\ dh\ tou/tw| tw=| kairw=|
to\ prosteqe\n e)n tw=| prw/tw| xro/nw| prosfu/esqai
no/ei th=| gastri/.
kata\ de\ th\n tri/thn moi=ran tou= xro/nou tre/fesqai
me\n h)/dh th\n koili/an o(moiw/sasan e(auth=|
tele/ws ta\ prosfu/nta, pro/sfusin de\ toi=s e)nte/rois kai\ tw=| h(/pati gi/gnesqai tw=n prosteqe/ntwn,
a)na/dosin de\ pa/nth tou= sw/matos kai\ pro/sqesin.
ei) me\n ou)=n e)pi\ tou/tois eu)qe/ws to\ zw=|on lamba/noi
trofh/n, e)n w(=| pa/lin h( gasth\r xro/nw| pe/ttei te
tau/thn kai\ a)polau/ei prostiqei=sa pa=n e)c au)th=s
to\ xrhsto\n toi=s e(auth=s xitw=si, ta\ me\n e)/ntera
tele/ws o(moiw/sei to\n prosfu/nta xumo/n, w(sau/tws
de\ kai\ to\ h(=par. e)n o(/lw| de\ tw=| sw/mati pro/sfusis
tw=n prosteqe/ntwn th=s trofh=s e)/stai mori/wn.
ei) d' a)/sitos a)nagka/zoito me/nein h( gasth\r e)n
tou/tw| tw=| xro/nw|, para\ tw=n e)n mesenteri/w| te kai\
h(/pati flebw=n e(/lcei th\n trofh/n: ou) ga\r e)c au)tou=
ge tou= sw/matos tou= h(/patos. le/gw de\ sw=ma tou=
h(/patos au)th/n te th\n i)di/an au)tou= sa/rka prw/thn
kai\ ma/lista, meta\ de\ th/nde kai\ tw=n a)ggei/wn
e(/kaston tw=n kat' au)to/. to\n me\n ga\r e)n e(ka/stw|
tw=n mori/wn h)/dh periexo/menon xumo\n ou)ke/t'
eu)/logon a)ntispa=n e(te/rw| mori/w| kai\ ma/lisq' o(/tan
h)/dh pro/sfusis h)\ e)comoi/wsis au)tou= gi/gnhtai. to\n
d' e)n tai=s eu)ruxwri/ais tw=n flebw=n to\ ma=llon
i)sxu/on q' a(/ma kai\ deo/menon a)ntispa=| mo/rion.
*ou(/tws ou)=n kai\ h( gasth\r e)n w(=| xro/nw| dei=tai
me\n au)th\ trofh=s, e)sqi/ei d' ou)de/pw to\ zw=|on, e)n
tou/tw| tw=n kata\ to\ h(=par e)carpa/zei flebw=n.
e)pei\ de\ kai\ to\n splh=na dia\ tw=n e)/mprosqen
e)dei/knumen o(/son e)n h(/pati paxu/teron e(/lkonta
katerga/zesqai/ te kai\ metaba/llein e)pi\ to\ xrhsto/teron, ou)de\n ou)d' e)ntau=qa qaumasto\n e(/lkesqai/
ti ka)k tou= splhno\s ei)s e(/kaston tw=n koinwnou/ntwn au)tw=| kata\ ta\s fle/bas
o)rga/nwn, oi(=on ei)s
e)pi/ploon kai\ mesente/rion kai\ lepto\n e)/nteron kai\
kw=lon kai\ au)th\n th\n gaste/ra: kata\ de\ to\n au)to\n
tro/pon e)cereu/gesqai me\n ei)s th\n gaste/ra to\
peri/ttwma kaq' e(/teron xro/non, au)to\n d' au)=qis
e)k th=s gastro\s e(/lkein ti th=s oi)kei/as trofh=s e)n
e(te/rw| kairw=|.
kaqo/lou d' ei)pei=n, o(\ kai\ pro/sqen h)/dh le/lektai,
pa=n e)k panto\s e(/lkein te kai\ pe/mpein e)gxwrei=
kata\ diafe/rontas xro/nous, o(moiota/tou gignome/nou
tou= sumbai/nontos, w(s ei) kai\ zw=|a noh/sais polla\
trofh\n a)/fqonon e)n koinw=| katakeime/nhn, ei)s o(/son
bou/letai, prosfero/mena. kaq' o(\n ga\r h)/dh pe/pautai xro/non e(/tera, kata\
tou=ton ei)ko\s e)sqi/ein
e(/tera, kai\ me/llein ge ta\ me\n pau/esqai, ta\ d'
a)/rxesqai, kai/ tina me\n sunesqi/onta, ta\ d' a)na\
me/ros e)sqi/onta kai\ nai\ ma\ *di/a ge to\ e(/teron a(rpa/zein qate/rou polla/kis,
ei) to\ me\n e(/teron e)pide/oito,
tw=| d' a)fqo/nws parake/oito. kai\ ou(/tws ou)de\n
qaumasto\n ou)/t' e)k th=s e)sxa/ths e)pifanei/as ei)/sw
ti pa/lin u(postre/fein ou)/te dia\ tw=n au)tw=n a)ggei/wn e)c h(/pato/s te kai\ splhno\s
ei)s koili/an
a)nenexqh=nai/ ti, di' w(=n e)k tau/ths ei)s e)kei=na
pro/teron a)nhne/xqh.
kata\ me\n ga\r ta\s a)rthri/as i(kanw=s e)narge\s to\
toiou=ton, w(/sper kai\ kata\ th\n kardi/an te kai\ to\n
qw/raka kai\ to\n pneu/mona. tou/twn ga\r a(pa/ntwn
diastellome/nwn te kai\ sustellome/nwn e)nalla\c
a)nagkai=on, e)c w(=n ei(lku/sqh ti pro/teron, ei)s tau=q'
u(/steron e)kpe/mpesqai. kai\ tau/thn a)/ra th\n a)na/gkhn h( fu/sis progignw/skousa
toi=s e)n th=| kardi/a|
sto/masi tw=n a)ggei/wn u(me/nas e)pe/fuse kwlu/sontas ei)s tou)pi/sw fe/resqai ta\s
u(/las. a)ll'
o(/pws me\n tou=to gi/gnetai kai\ kaq' o(/ntina tro/pon,
e)n toi=s peri\ xrei/as mori/wn ei)rh/setai deiknu/ntwn
h(mw=n ta/ t' a)/lla kai\ w(s a)du/naton ou(/tws a)kribw=s
klei/esqai ta\ sto/mata tw=n a)ggei/wn, w(s mhde\n
palindromei=n. ei)s me\n ga\r th\n a)rthri/an th\n
flebw/dh, kai\ ga\r kai\ tou=t' e)n e)kei/nois deixqh/setai, polu\ ple/on h)\ dia\ tw=n
a)/llwn stoma/twn
ei)s tou)pi/sw pa/lin a)nagkai=on e)pane/rxesqai. to\
d' ei)s ta\ paro/nta xrh/simon, w(s ou)k e)nde/xetai/ ti
tw=n ai)sqhth\n kai\ mega/lhn e)xo/ntwn eu)ru/thta
mh\ ou)k h)/toi diastello/menon e(/lkein e)c a(pa/ntwn
tw=n plhsi/on h)\ e)kqli/bein au)=qis ei)s tau=ta sustello/menon e)/k te tw=n h)/dh
proeirhme/nwn e)n tw=|de
tw=| lo/gw| safe\s a)\n ei)/h ka)c w(=n *)erasi/strato/s te
kai\ h(mei=s e(te/rwqi peri\ th=s pro\s to\ kenou/menon
a)kolouqi/as e)dei/camen.
a)lla\ mh\n kai\ w(s e)n e(ka/sth| tw=n a)rthriw=n
e)sti/ tis du/namis e)k th=s kardi/as e)pirre/ousa, kaq'
h(\n diaste/llontai/ te kai\ suste/llontai, de/deiktai
di' e(te/rwn.
ei)/per ou)=n sunqei/hs a)/mfw to/ te tau/thn ei)=nai
th\n ki/nhsin au)tai=s to/ te pa=n to\ diastello/menon
e(/lkein e)k tw=n plhsi/on ei)s e(auto/, qaumasto\n
ou)de/n soi fanei=tai ta\s a)rthri/as, o(/sai me\n ei)s to\
de/rma perai/nousin au)tw=n, e)pispa=sqai to\n e)/cwqen
a)e/ra diastellome/nas, o(/sai de\ kata/ ti pro\s ta\s
fle/bas a)nesto/mwntai, to\ lepto/taton e)n au)tai=s
kai\ a)tmwde/staton e)pispa=sqai tou= ai(/matos, o(/sai
d' e)ggu\s th=s kardi/as ei)si/n, e)c au)th=s e)kei/nhs poiei=sqai th\n o(lkh/n. e)n ga\r
th=| pro\s to\ kenou/menon
a)kolouqi/a| to\ koufo/tato/n te kai\ lepto/taton
e(/petai prw=ton tou= barute/rou te kai\ paxute/rou:
koufo/taton d' e)sti\ kai\ lepto/taton a(pa/ntwn tw=n
kata\ to\ sw=ma prw=ton me\n to\ pneu=ma, deu/teron
d' o( a)tmo/s, e)pi\ tou/tw| de\ tri/ton, o(/son a)\n a)kribw=s
h)=| kateirgasme/non te kai\ leleptusme/non ai(=ma.
tau=t' ou)=n ei)s e(auta\s e(/lkousin ai( a)rthri/ai
pantaxo/qen, ai( me\n ei)s to\ de/rma kaqh/kousai to\n
e)/cwqen a)e/ra: plhsi/on te ga\r au)tai=s ou(=to/s e)sti
kai\ koufo/tatos e)n toi=s ma/lista: tw=n d' a)/llwn
h( me\n e)pi\ to\n tra/xhlon e)k th=s kardi/as a)niou=sa
kai\ h( kata\ *r(a/xin, h)/dh de\ kai\ o(/sai tou/twn e)ggu\s
e)c au)th=s ma/lista th=s kardi/as: o(/sai de\ kai\ th=s
kardi/as porrwte/rw kai\ tou= de/rmatos, e(/lkein
tau/tais a)nagkai=on e)k tw=n flebw=n to\ koufo/taton tou= ai(/matos: w(/ste kai\
tw=n ei)s th\n gaste/ra
te kai\ ta\ e)/ntera kaqhkousw=n a)rthriw=n th\n
o(lkh\n e)n tw=| diaste/llesqai gi/gnesqai para/ te
th=s kardi/as au)th=s kai\ tw=n parakeime/nwn au)th=|
flebw=n pampo/llwn ou)sw=n. ou) ga\r dh\ e)/k ge tw=n
e)nte/rwn kai\ th=s koili/as trofh\n ou(/tw paxei=a/n te
kai\ barei=an e)n e(autoi=s e)xo/ntwn du/nantai/ ti
metalamba/nein, o(/ ti kai\ a)/cion lo/gou, fqa/nousai
plhrou=sqai toi=s koufote/rois. ou)de\ ga\r ei) kaqei\s
au)li/skon ei)s a)ggei=on u(/dato/s te kai\ ya/mmou plh=res
e)pispa/saio tw=| sto/mati to\n e)k tou= au)li/skou
a)e/ra, du/nait' a)\n a)kolouqh=sai/ soi pro\ tou= u(/datos
h( ya/mmos: a)ei\ ga\r e)n th=| pro\s to\ kenou/menon
a)kolouqi/a| to\ koufo/teron e(/petai pro/teron.
ou)/koun xrh\ qauma/zein, ei) pantelw=s o)li/gon e)k
th=s koili/as, o(/son a)\n a)kribw=s h)=| kateirgasme/non,
ei)s ta\s a)rthri/as paragi/gnetai fqanou/sas plhrou=sqai tw=n koufote/rwn,
a)ll' e)kei=no gignw/skein,
w(s du/' e)sto\n o(lkh=s ei)/dh, to\ me\n th=| pro\s to\
kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a|, to\ d' oi)keio/thti poio/thtos
gigno/menon: e(te/rws me\n ga\r ei)s ta\s fu/sas o( a)h/r,
e(te/rws d' o( si/dhros u(po\ th=s h(raklei/as e)pispa=tai
li/qou: kai\ w(s h( me\n pro\s to\ kenou/menon
a)kolouqi/a to\ koufo/teron e(/lkei pro/teron, h( de\
kata\ th\n th=s poio/thtos oi)keio/thta polla/kis,
ei) ou(/tws e)/tuxe, to\ baru/teron, a)\n th=| fu/sei suggene/steron u(pa/rxh|. kai\ toi/nun
kai\ tai=s a)rthri/ais te kai\ th=| kardi/a|, w(s me\n koi/lois te kai\
diaste/llesqai duname/nois o)rga/nois, a)ei\ to\ koufo/teron a)kolouqei= pro/teron,
w(s de\ tre/fesqai
deome/nois, ei)s au)tou\s tou\s xitw=nas, oi(\ dh\ ta\
sw/mata tw=n o)rga/nwn ei)si/n, e(/lketai to\ oi)kei=on.
o(/son a)\n ou)=n ei)s th\n koilo/thta diastellome/nwn
au)tw=n ai(/matos metalhfqh=|, tou/tou to\ oi)keio/tato/n
te kai\ ma/lista tre/fein duna/menon oi( xitw=nes
au)toi\ tw=n a)ggei/wn e)pispw=ntai.
tou= d' e)k tw=n flebw=n ei)s ta\s a)rthri/as metalamba/nesqai/ ti pro\s toi=s
ei)rhme/nois i(kano\n kai\
tou=to/ ge tekmh/rion. ei) polla\s kai\ mega/las
a)rthri/as diatemw\n a)poktei=nai to\ zw=|on boulhqei/hs, eu(rh/seis au)tou= ta\s
fle/bas o(moi/ws tai=s
a)rthri/ais e)kkenoume/nas, ou)k a)\n tou/tou pote\
genome/nou xwri\s tw=n pro\s a)llh/las au)tai=s
a)nastomw/sewn. w(sau/tws de\ kai\ kat' au)th\n th\n
kardi/an e)k th=s decia=s koili/as ei)s th\n a)ristera\n
e(/lketai to\ lepto/taton e)/xonto/s tina trh/mata
tou= me/sou diafra/gmatos au)tw=n, a(\ me/xri me\n
plei/stou dunato/n e)stin i)dei=n, oi(=on boqu/nous tina\s
e)c eu)rute/rou sto/matos a)ei\ kai\ ma=llon ei)s steno/teron proi+o/ntas. ou) mh\n au)ta/
ge ta\ e)/sxata
pe/rata dunato\n e)/ti qea/sasqai dia/ te smikro/thta
kai\ o(/ti teqnew=tos h)/dh tou= zw|/ou kate/yuktai/ te
kai\ pepu/knwtai pa/nta. a)ll' o( lo/gos ka)ntau=qa
prw=ton me\n e)k tou= mhde\n u(po\ th=s fu/sews
gi/gnesqai ma/thn o(rmw/menos e)ceuri/skei ta\s
a)nastomw/seis tau/tas tw=n koiliw=n th=s kardi/as:
ou) ga\r dh\ ei)kh=| ge kai\ w(s e)/tuxen oi( e)s steno\n ou(/tw
teleutw=ntes e)ge/nonto bo/qunoi.
deu/teron de\ ka)k tou= duoi=n o)/ntoin stoma/toin e)n
th=| decia=| th=s kardi/as koili/a| tou= me\n ei)sa/gontos
to\ ai(=ma, tou= d' e)ca/gontos polu\ mei=zon ei)=nai to\
ei)sa/gon. w(s ga\r ou) panto\s tou= ai(/matos, o(/son h(
koi/lh fle\y di/dwsi th=| kardi/a|, pa/lin e)c e)kei/nhs
e)kpempome/nou tw=| pneu/moni, mei/zwn e)sti\n h( a)po\
th=s koi/lhs ei)s au)th\n e)/mfusis th=s e)mfuome/nhs ei)s
to\n pneu/mona flebo/s. ou)de\ ga\r tou=t' e)/stin
ei)pei=n, w(s e)dapanh/qh ti tou= ai(/matos ei)s th\n au)tou=
tou= sw/matos th=s kardi/as qre/yin. e(te/ra ga/r
e)sti fle\y h( ei)s e)kei=no katasxizome/nh mh/te th\n
ge/nesin e)k th=s kardi/as au)th=s mh/te th\n tou=
ai(/matos e)/xousa meta/lhyin. ei) de\ kai\ dapana=tai/
ti, a)ll' ou) tosou=to/n ge mei/wn e)sti\n h( ei)s to\n
pneu/mona fle\y a)/gousa th=s ei)s th\n kardi/an
e)mfuome/nhs, o(/son ei)ko\s ei)s th\n trofh\n a)nhlw=sqai
th=s kardi/as, a)lla\ ple/on pollw=|. dh=lon ou)=n,
w(s ei)s th\n a)ristera/n ti metalamba/netai koili/an.
kai\ ga\r ou)=n kai\ tw=n kat' e)kei/nhn a)ggei/wn duoi=n
o)/ntwn e)/latto/n e)sti pollw=| to\ e)k tou= pneu/monos ei)s
au)th\n ei)sa/gon to\ pneu=ma th=s e)kfuome/nhs a)rthri/as
th=s mega/lhs, a)f' h(=s ai( kata\ to\ sw=ma su/mpasai
pefu/kasin, w(s a)\n mh\ mo/non e)k tou= pneu/monos pneu=ma metalambanou/shs
au)th=s, a)lla\ ka)k th=s decia=s
koili/as ai(=ma dia\ tw=n ei)rhme/nwn a)nastomw/sewn.
o(/ti d' a)/meinon h)=n toi=s tou= sw/matos mori/ois
toi=s me\n u(po\ kaqarou= kai\ leptou= kai\ a)tmw/dous
ai(/matos tre/fesqai, toi=s d' u(po\ paxe/os kai\
qolerou= kai\ w(s ou)d' e)ntau=qa/ ti parew/ratai th=|
fu/sei, th=s peri\ xrei/as mori/wn pragmatei/as
e)sti/n, w(/st' ou) xrh\ nu=n u(pe\r tou/twn e)/ti le/gein,
a)ll' u(pomnh/santas, w(s du/o e)sto\n o(lkh=s ei)/dh, tw=n
me\n eu)rei/ais o(doi=s e)n tw=| diaste/llesqai th=| pro\s
to\ kenou/menon a)kolouqi/a| th\n e(/lcin poioume/nwn,
tw=n d' oi)keio/thti poio/thtos, e)fech=s le/gein, w(s ta\
me\n pro/tera kai\ po/rrwqen e(/lkein ti du/natai, ta\
de\ deu/tera e)k tw=n e)gguta/tw mo/nwn. au)li/skon
me\n ga\r o(/ti mh/kiston ei)s u(/dwr e)/nesti kaqe/nta
*r(a|di/ws a)naspa=n ei)s to\ sto/ma di' au)tou= to\ u(gro/n:
ou) mh\n ei)/ g' e)pi\ ple/on a)paga/gois th=s h(raklei/as
li/qou to\n si/dhron h)\ tou\s purou\s tou= kerami/ou-kai\ ga\r kai\ toiou=to/n ti pro/sqen e)le/geto para/deigma--du/nait' a)\n e)/ti gene/sqai tis o(lkh/.
safe/stata d' a)\n au)to\ ma/qois e)pi\ tw=n e)n toi=s
kh/pois o)xetw=n: e)k tou/twn ga\r ei)s me\n ta\ parakei/mena kai\ plhsi/on a(/panta diadi/dotai/ tis i)kma/s,
ei)s de\ ta\ porrwte/rw proselqei=n ou)ke/ti du/natai,
kai\ dia\ tou=t' a)nagka/zontai polloi=s o)xetoi=s
mikroi=s a)po\ tou= mega/lou tetmhme/nois ei)s e(/kaston
me/ros tou= kh/pou th\n e)pi/rrusin tou= u(/datos
e)pitexna=sqai: kai\ thlikau=ta/ ge ta\ metacu\ diasth/mata tou/twn tw=n mikrw=n o)xetw=n poiou=sin,
h(li/ka ma/lista nomi/zousin a)rkei=n ei)s to\ i(kanw=s
a)polau/ein e(/lkonta th=s e(kate/rwqen au)toi=s e)pirreou/shs u(gro/thtos. ou(/tws
ou)=n e)/xei ka)n toi=s tw=n
zw|/wn sw/masin. o)xetoi\ polloi\ kata\ pa/nta ta\
me/lh diesparme/noi para/gousin au)toi=s ai(=ma kaqa/per e)n kh/pois u(drei/an tina/.
kai\ tou/twn tw=n
o)xetw=n ta\ metacu\ diasth/mata qaumastw=s u(po\
th=s fu/sews eu)qu\s e)c a)rxh=s diate/taktai pro\s to\
mh/t' e)ndew=s xorhgei=sqai toi=s metacu\ mori/ois
e(/lkousin ei)s e(auta\ to\ ai(=ma mh/te kataklu/zesqai/
pot' au)ta\ plh/qei peritth=s u(gro/thtos a)kai/rws
e)pirreou/shs.
o( ga\r dh\ tro/pos th=s qre/yews au)tw=n toio/sde
ti/s e)sti. tou= sunexou=s e(autw=| sw/matos, oi(=o/nper
to\ a(plou=n a)ggei=on *)erasi/stratos u(poti/qetai, ta\
me\n e)pipolh=s me/rh prw=ta th=s o(milou/shs a)polau/ei trofh=s: e)k de\ tou/twn au)= metalamba/nei
kata\ to\ sunexe\s e(/lkonta ta\ tou/twn e(ch=s, ei)=t' e)c
e)kei/nwn au)=qis e(/tera kai\ tou=t' ou) pau/etai gigno/menon, a)/xris a)\n ei)s a(/pant'
au)tou= diadoqh=| ta\
mo/ria th=s trefou/shs ou)si/as h( poio/ths. o(/sa de\
tw=n mori/wn e)pi\ ple/on a)lloioume/nou dei=tai tou=
me/llontos au)ta\ qre/yein xumou=, tou/tois w(/sper ti
tamiei=on h( fu/sis pareskeu/asen h)/toi koili/as h)\
sh/raggas h)/ ti tai=s sh/ragcin a)na/logon. ai( me\n
ga\r sa/rkes ai(/ te tw=n spla/gxnwn a(pa/ntwn ai(/ te
tw=n muw=n e)c ai(/matos au)tou= tre/fontai braxei=an
a)lloi/wsin decame/nou. ta\ d' o)sta= pampo/llhs e)n
tw=| metacu\ dei=tai th=s metabolh=s, i(/na trafh=|, kai\
e)/stin oi(=o/nper to\ ai(=ma tai=s sarci/, toiou=tos o(
muelo\s toi=s o)stoi=s e)n me\n toi=s mikroi=s te kai\
a)koili/ois kata\ ta\s sh/raggas au)tw=n diesparme/nos, e)n de\ toi=s mei/zosi/ te kai\ koili/as e)/xousin e)n
e)kei/nais h)qroisme/nos.
w(s ga\r kai\ dia\ tou= prw/tou gra/mmatos e)dei/knuto, toi=s me\n o(moi/an e)/xousi th\n ou)si/an ei)s
a)/llhla metaba/llein e)gxwrei=, toi=s de\ pa/mpolu
diestw=sin a)mh/xanon a)llh/lois o(moiwqh=nai xwri\s
tw=n e)n me/sw| metabolw=n. toiou=to/n ti kai\ toi=s
xo/ndrois e)sti\ to\ perikexume/non mucw=des kai\ toi=s
sunde/smois kai\ toi=s u(me/si kai\ toi=s neu/rois to\
paresparme/non e)n au)toi=s u(gro\n gli/sxron:
e(/kaston ga\r tou/twn e)c i)nw=n su/gkeitai pollw=n,
ai(/per o(moiomerei=s t' ei)si\ kai\ o)/ntws ai)sqhta\
stoixei=a. kata\ de\ ta\s metacu\ xw/ras au)tw=n o(
oi)keio/tatos ei)s qre/yin pare/spartai xumo/s, o(\n
ei(/lkusan me\n e)k tw=n flebw=n tou= ai(/matos, o(/son
oi(=o/n t' h)=n e)kleca/menai to\n e)pithdeio/taton, e)comoiou=si de\ kata\ braxu\ kai\ metaba/llousin ei)s
th\n e(autw=n ou)si/an.
a(/pant' ou)=n tau=ta kai\ a)llh/lois o(mologei= kai\
toi=s e)/mprosqen a)podedeigme/nois i(kanw=s marturei=
kai\ ou) xrh\ mhku/nein e)/ti to\n lo/gon: e)k ga\r tw=n
ei)rhme/nwn e)/nestin e(ka/stw| ta\ kata\ me/ros a(/panta
kaq' o(/ntina gi/gnetai tro/pon e)ceuri/skein e(toi/mws,
w(/sper kai\ dia\ ti/ polloi=s kwqwnizome/nois pa/mpolu ta/xista me\n a)nadi/dotai
to\ poqe/n, ou)rei=tai
d' o)li/gou dei=n a(/pan e)nto\s ou) pollou= xro/nou. kai\
ga\r ka)ntau=qa th=| te th=s poio/thtos oi)keio/thti kai\
th=| th=s u(gro/thtos lepto/thti kai\ th=| tw=n a)ggei/wn
te kai\ tw=n kat' au)ta\ stoma/twn eu)ru/thti kai\ th=|
th=s e(lktikh=s duna/mews eu)rwsti/a| to\ ta/xos suntelei=tai th=s a)nado/sews, tw=n me\n plhsi/on th=s
koili/as tetagme/nwn mori/wn oi)keio/thti
poio/thtos e(autw=n e(/neka e(lko/ntwn to\ po/ma, tw=n d'
e(ch=s tou/tois e)carpazo/ntwn kai\ au)tw=n ei)s e(auta\
ka)/peita tw=n e)fech=s pa/lin e)k tou/twn metalambano/ntwn, a)/xris a)\n ei)s th\n koi/lhn a)fi/khtai
fle/ba, tou)nteu=qen d' h)/dh tw=n nefrw=n to\ oi)kei=on
e)pispwme/nwn. w(/st' ou)de\n qaumasto\n oi)=non me\n
u(/datos a)nalamba/nesqai qa=tton oi)keio/thti poio/thtos, au)to\n de\ to\n oi)=non to\n me\n leuko\n kai\
kaqaro\n e(toi/mws a)nadi/dosqai dia\ lepto/thta, to\n
d' au)= me/lana kai\ qolero\n i)/sxesqai/ te kata\ th\n
o(do\n kai\ bradu/nein u(po\ pa/xous.
ei)/h d' a)\n tau=ta kai\ tw=n u(pe\r tw=n a)rthriw=n
e)/mprosqen ei)rhme/nwn ou) smikra\ martu/ria. pantaxou= ga\r o(/son oi)kei=o/n te kai\
lepto\n ai(=ma tou=
mh\ toiou/tou *r(a=|on e(/petai toi=s e(/lkousin. a)tmo\n
ou)=n e(/lkousai kai\ pneu=ma kai\ lepto\n ai(=ma kata\
ta\s diasta/seis ai( a)rthri/ai tw=n kata\ th\n koili/an
kai\ ta\ e)/ntera periexome/nwn xumw=n h)\ ou)d' o(/lws h)\
panta/pasin e)pispw=ntai braxu/.