Book 1
pa=sa te/xnh kai\ pa=sa me/qodos, o(moi/ws de\ pra=ci/s te kai\ proai/resis, a)gaqou= tino\s e)fi/esqai dokei=: dio\ kalw=s a)pefh/nanto ta)gaqo/n, ou(= pa/nt' e)fi/etai. diafora\ de/ tis fai/netai tw=n telw=n: ta\ me\n ga/r ei)sin e)ne/rgeiai, ta\ de\ par' au)ta\s e)/rga tina/. w(=n d' ei)si\ te/lh tina\ para\ ta\s pra/ceis, e)n tou/tois belti/w pe/fuke tw=n e)nergeiw=n ta\ e)/rga. pollw=n de\ pra/cewn ou)sw=n kai\ texnw=n kai\ e)pisthmw=n polla\ gi/netai kai\ ta\ te/lh: i)atrikh=s me\n ga\r u(gi/eia, nauphgikh=s de\ ploi=on, strathgikh=s de\ ni/kh, oi)konomikh=s de\ plou=tos. o(/sai d' ei)si\ tw=n toiou/twn u(po\ mi/an tina\ du/namin, kaqa/per u(po\ th\n i(ppikh\n xalinopoiikh\ kai\ o(/sai a)/llai tw=n i(ppikw=n o)rga/nwn ei)si/n, au(/th de\ kai\ pa=sa polemikh\ pra=cis u(po\ th\n strathgikh/n, kata\ to\n au)to\n dh\ tro/pon a)/llai u(f' e(te/ras: e)n a(pa/sais de\ ta\ tw=n a)rxitektonikw=n te/lh pa/ntwn e)sti\n ai(retw/tera tw=n u(p' au)ta/: tou/twn ga\r xa/rin ka)kei=na diw/ketai. diafe/rei d' ou)de\n ta\s e)nergei/as au)ta\s ei)=nai ta\ te/lh tw=n pra/cewn h)\ para\ tau/tas a)/llo ti, kaqa/per e)pi\ tw=n lexqeisw=n e)pisthmw=n. ei) dh/ ti te/los e)sti\ tw=n praktw=n o(\ di' au(to\ boulo/meqa, ta)=lla de\ dia\ tou=to, kai\ mh\ pa/nta di' e(/teron ai(rou/meqa （pro/eisi ga\r ou(/tw g' ei)s a)/peiron, w(/st' ei)=nai kenh\n kai\ matai/an th\n o)/recin）, dh=lon w(s tou=t' a)\n ei)/h ta)gaqo\n kai\ to\ a)/riston. a)=r' ou)=n kai\ pro\s to\n bi/on h( gnw=sis au)tou= mega/lhn e)/xei r(oph/n, kai\ kaqa/per toco/tai skopo\n e)/xontes ma=llon a)\n tugxa/noimen tou= de/ontos; ei) d' ou(/tw, peirate/on tu/pw| ge perilabei=n au)to\ ti/ pot' e)sti\ kai\ ti/nos tw=n e)pisthmw=n h)\ duna/mewn. do/ceie d' a)\n th=s kuriwta/ths kai\ ma/lista a)rxitektonikh=s. toiau/th d' h( politikh\ fai/netai: ti/nas ga\r ei)=nai xrew\n tw=n e)pisthmw=n e)n tai=s po/lesi,
kai\ poi/as e(ka/stous manqa/nein kai\ me/xri ti/nos, au(/th diata/ssei: o(rw=men de\ kai\ ta\s e)ntimota/tas tw=n duna/mewn u(po\ tau/thn ou)/sas, oi(=on strathgikh\n oi)konomikh\n r(htorikh/n: xrwme/nhs de\ tau/ths tai=s loipai=s praktikai=s tw=n e)pisthmw=n, e)/ti de\ nomoqetou/shs ti/ dei= pra/ttein kai\ ti/nwn a)pe/xesqai, to\ tau/ths te/los perie/xoi a)\n ta\ tw=n a)/llwn, w(/ste tou=t' a)\n ei)/h ta)nqrw/pinon a)gaqo/n. ei) ga\r kai\ tau)to/n e)stin e(ni\ kai\ po/lei, mei=zo/n ge kai\ teleio/teron to\ th=s po/lews fai/netai kai\ labei=n kai\ sw/|zein: a)gaphto\n me\n ga\r kai\ e(ni\ mo/nw|, ka/llion de\ kai\ qeio/teron e)/qnei kai\ po/lesin. h( me\n ou)=n me/qodos tou/twn e)fi/etai, politikh/ tis ou)=sa. le/goito d' a)\n i(kanw=s, ei) kata\ th\n u(pokeime/nhn u(/lhn diasafhqei/h: to\ ga\r a)kribe\s ou)x o(moi/ws e)n a(/pasi toi=s lo/gois e)pizhthte/on, w(/sper ou)d' e)n toi=s dhmiourgoume/nois. ta\ de\ kala\ kai\ ta\ di/kaia, peri\ w(=n h( politikh\ skopei=tai, pollh\n e)/xei diafora\n kai\ pla/nhn, w(/ste dokei=n no/mw| mo/non ei)=nai, fu/sei de\ mh/. toiau/thn de/ tina pla/nhn e)/xei kai\ ta)gaqa\ dia\ to\ polloi=s sumbai/nein bla/bas a)p' au)tw=n: h)/dh ga/r tines a)pw/lonto dia\ plou=ton, e(/teroi de\ di' a)ndrei/an. a)gaphto\n ou)=n peri\ toiou/twn kai\ e)k toiou/twn le/gontas paxulw=s kai\ tu/pw| ta)lhqe\s e)ndei/knusqai, kai\ peri\ tw=n w(s e)pi\ to\ polu\ kai\ e)k toiou/twn le/gontas toiau=ta kai\ sumperai/nesqai. to\n au)to\n dh\ tro/pon kai\ a)pode/xesqai xrew\n e(/kasta tw=n legome/nwn: pepaideume/nou ga/r e)stin e)pi\ tosou=ton ta)kribe\s e)pizhtei=n kaq' e(/kaston ge/nos, e)f' o(/son h( tou= pra/gmatos fu/sis e)pide/xetai: paraplh/sion ga\r fai/netai maqhmatikou= te piqanologou=ntos a)pode/xesqai kai\ r(htoriko\n a)podei/ceis a)paitei=n. e(/kastos de\ kri/nei kalw=s a(\ ginw/skei, kai\ tou/twn e)sti\n a)gaqo\s krith/s.
kaq' e(/kaston me\n a)/ra o( pepaideume/nos, a(plw=s d' o( peri\ pa=n pepaideume/nos. dio\ th=s politikh=s ou)k e)/stin oi)kei=os a)kroath\s o( ne/os: a)/peiros ga\r tw=n kata\ to\n bi/on pra/cewn, oi( lo/goi d' e)k tou/twn kai\ peri\ tou/twn: e)/ti de\ toi=s pa/qesin a)kolouqhtiko\s w)\n matai/ws a)kou/setai kai\ a)nwfelw=s, e)peidh\ to\ te/los e)sti\n ou) gnw=sis a)lla\ pra=cis. diafe/rei d' ou)de\n ne/os th\n h(liki/an h)\ to\ h)=qos nearo/s: ou) ga\r para\ to\n xro/non h( e)/lleiyis, a)lla\ dia\ to\ kata\ pa/qos zh=n kai\ diw/kein e(/kasta. toi=s ga\r toiou/tois a)no/nhtos h( gnw=sis gi/netai, kaqa/per toi=s a)krate/sin: toi=s de\ kata\ lo/gon ta\s o)re/ceis poioume/nois kai\ pra/ttousi poluwfele\s a)\n ei)/h to\ peri\ tou/twn ei)de/nai. kai\ peri\ me\n a)kroatou=, kai\ pw=s a)podekte/on, kai\ ti/ protiqe/meqa, pefroimia/sqw tau=ta.
le/gwmen d' a)nalabo/ntes, e)peidh\ pa=sa gnw=sis kai\ proai/resis a)gaqou= tino\s o)re/getai, ti/ e)sti\n ou(= le/gomen th\n politikh\n e)fi/esqai kai\ ti/ to\ pa/ntwn a)kro/taton tw=n praktw=n a)gaqw=n. o)no/mati me\n ou)=n sxedo\n u(po\ tw=n plei/stwn o(mologei=tai: th\n ga\r eu)daimoni/an kai\ oi( polloi\ kai\ oi( xari/entes le/gousin, to\ d' eu)= zh=n kai\ to\ eu)= pra/ttein tau)to\n u(polamba/nousi tw=| eu)daimonei=n: peri\ de\ th=s eu)daimoni/as, ti/ e)stin, a)mfisbhtou=si kai\ ou)x o(moi/ws oi( polloi\ toi=s sofoi=s a)podido/asin. oi(\ me\n ga\r tw=n e)nargw=n ti kai\ fanerw=n, oi(=on h(donh\n h)\ plou=ton h)\ timh/n, a)/lloi d' a)/llo—polla/kis de\ kai\ o( au)to\s e(/teron: nosh/sas me\n ga\r u(gi/eian, peno/menos de\ plou=ton: suneido/tes d' e(autoi=s a)/gnoian tou\s me/ga ti kai\ u(pe\r au)tou\s le/gontas qauma/zousin. e)/nioi d' w)/|onto para\ ta\ polla\ tau=ta a)gaqa\ a)/llo ti kaq' au(to\ ei)=nai, o(\ kai\ tou/tois pa=sin ai)/tio/n e)sti tou= ei)=nai a)gaqa/. a(pa/sas me\n ou)=n e)ceta/zein ta\s do/cas mataio/teron i)/sws e)sti/n, i(kano\n de\ ta\s ma/lista e)pipolazou/sas h)\ dokou/sas e)/xein tina\ lo/gon. mh\ lanqane/tw d' h(ma=s o(/ti diafe/rousin oi( a)po\ tw=n a)rxw=n lo/goi kai\ oi( e)pi\ ta\s a)rxa/s. eu)= ga\r kai\ o( *pla/twn h)po/rei tou=to kai\ e)zh/tei, po/teron a)po\ tw=n a)rxw=n h)\ e)pi\ ta\s a)rxa/s e)stin h( o(do/s,
w(/sper e)n tw=| stadi/w| a)po\ tw=n a)qloqetw=n e)pi\ to\ pe/ras h)\ a)na/palin. a)rkte/on me\n ga\r a)po\ tw=n gnwri/mwn, tau=ta de\ dittw=s: ta\ me\n ga\r h(mi=n ta\ d' a(plw=s. i)/sws ou)=n h(mi=n ge a)rkte/on a)po\ tw=n h(mi=n gnwri/mwn. dio\ dei= toi=s e)/qesin h)=xqai kalw=s to\n peri\ kalw=n kai\ dikai/wn kai\ o(/lws tw=n politikw=n a)kouso/menon i(kanw=s. a)rxh\ ga\r to\ o(/ti, kai\ ei) tou=to fai/noito a)rkou/ntws, ou)de\n prosdeh/sei tou= dio/ti: o( de\ toiou=tos e)/xei h)\ la/boi a)\n a)rxa\s r(a|di/ws. w(=| de\ mhde/teron u(pa/rxei tou/twn, a)kousa/tw tw=n *(hsio/dou: ou(=tos me\n pana/ristos o(\s au)to\s pa/nta noh/sh|,e)sqlo\s d' au)= ka)kei=nos o(\s eu)= ei)po/nti pi/qhtai.o(\s de/ ke mh/t' au)to\s noe/h| mh/t' a)/llou a)kou/wne)n qumw=| ba/llhtai, o(\ d' au)=t' a)xrh/ios a)nh/r.
Hes. WD 293ff.
h(mei=s de\ le/gwmen o(/qen parece/bhmen. to\ ga\r a)gaqo\n kai\ th\n eu)daimoni/an ou)k a)lo/gws e)oi/kasin e)k tw=n bi/wn u(polamba/nein oi( me\n polloi\ kai\ fortikw/tatoi th\n h(donh/n: dio\ kai\ to\n bi/on a)gapw=si to\n a)polaustiko/n. trei=s ga/r ei)si ma/lista oi( prou/xontes, o(/ te nu=n ei)rhme/nos kai\ o( politiko\s kai\ tri/tos o( qewrhtiko/s. oi( me\n ou)=n polloi\ pantelw=s a)ndrapodw/deis fai/nontai boskhma/twn bi/on proairou/menoi, tugxa/nousi de\ lo/gou dia\ to\ pollou\s tw=n e)n tai=s e)cousi/ais o(moiopaqei=n *sardanapa/llw|. oi( de\ xari/entes kai\ praktikoi\ timh/n: tou= ga\r politikou= bi/ou sxedo\n tou=to te/los. fai/netai d' e)pipolaio/teron ei)=nai tou= zhtoume/nou: dokei= ga\r e)n toi=s timw=si ma=llon ei)=nai h)\ e)n tw=| timwme/nw|, ta)gaqo\n de\ oi)kei=o/n ti kai\ dusafai/reton ei)=nai manteuo/meqa. e)/ti d' e)oi/kasi th\n timh\n diw/kein i(/na pisteu/swsin e(autou\s a)gaqou\s ei)=nai: zhtou=si gou=n u(po\ tw=n froni/mwn tima=sqai, kai\ par' oi(=s ginw/skontai, kai\ e)p' a)reth=|: dh=lon ou)=n o(/ti kata/ ge tou/tous h( a)reth\ krei/ttwn. ta/xa de\ kai\ ma=llon a)/n tis te/los tou= politikou= bi/ou tau/thn u(pola/boi. fai/netai de\ a)teleste/ra kai\ au(/th: dokei= ga\r e)nde/xesqai kai\ kaqeu/dein e)/xonta th\n a)reth\n h)\ a)praktei=n dia\ bi/ou, kai\ pro\s tou/tois kakopaqei=n kai\ a)tuxei=n ta\ me/gista:
to\n d' ou(/tw zw=nta ou)dei\s a)\n eu)daimoni/seien, ei) mh\ qe/sin diafula/ttwn. kai\ peri\ me\n tou/twn a(/lis: i(kanw=s ga\r kai\ e)n toi=s e)gkukli/ois ei)/rhtai peri\ au)tw=n. tri/tos d' e)sti\n o( qewrhtiko/s, u(pe\r ou(= th\n e)pi/skeyin e)n toi=s e(pome/nois poihso/meqa. o( de\ xrhmatisth\s bi/aio/s tis e)sti/n, kai\ o( plou=tos dh=lon o(/ti ou) to\ zhtou/menon a)gaqo/n: xrh/simon ga\r kai\ a)/llou xa/rin. dio\ ma=llon ta\ pro/teron lexqe/nta te/lh tis a)\n u(pola/boi: di' au(ta\ ga\r a)gapa=tai. fai/netai d' ou)d' e)kei=na: kai/toi polloi\ lo/goi pro\s au)ta\ katabe/blhntai. tau=ta me\n ou)=n a)fei/sqw.
to\ de\ kaqo/lou be/ltion i)/sws e)piske/yasqai kai\ diaporh=sai pw=s le/getai, kai/per prosa/ntous th=s toiau/ths zhth/sews ginome/nhs dia\ to\ fi/lous a)/ndras ei)sagagei=n ta\ ei)/dh. do/ceie d' a)\n i)/sws be/ltion ei)=nai kai\ dei=n e)pi\ swthri/a| ge th=s a)lhqei/as kai\ ta\ oi)kei=a a)nairei=n, a)/llws te kai\ filoso/fous o)/ntas: a)mfoi=n ga\r o)/ntoin fi/loin o(/sion protima=n th\n a)lh/qeian. oi( dh\ komi/santes th\n do/can tau/thn ou)k e)poi/oun i)de/as e)n oi(=s to\ pro/teron kai\ u(/steron e)/legon, dio/per ou)de\ tw=n a)riqmw=n i)de/an kateskeu/azon: to\ d' a)gaqo\n le/getai kai\ e)n tw=| ti/ e)sti kai\ e)n tw=| poiw=| kai\ e)n tw=| pro/s ti, to\ de\ kaq' au(to\ kai\ h( ou)si/a pro/teron th=| fu/sei tou= pro/s ti （parafua/di ga\r tou=t' e)/oike kai\ sumbebhko/ti tou= o)/ntos）: w(/st' ou)k a)\n ei)/h koinh/ tis e)pi\ tou/tois i)de/a. e)/ti d' e)pei\ ta)gaqo\n i)saxw=s le/getai tw=| o)/nti （kai\ ga\r e)n tw=| ti/ le/getai, oi(=on o( qeo\s kai\ o( nou=s, kai\ e)n tw=| poiw=| ai( a)retai/, kai\ e)n tw=| posw=| to\ me/trion, kai\ e)n tw=| pro/s ti to\ xrh/simon, kai\ e)n xro/nw| kairo/s, kai\ e)n to/pw| di/aita kai\ e(/tera toiau=ta）, dh=lon w(s ou)k a)\n ei)/h koino/n ti kaqo/lou kai\ e(/n: ou) ga\r a)\n e)le/get' e)n pa/sais tai=s kathgori/ais, a)ll' e)n mia=| mo/nh|. e)/ti d' e)pei\ tw=n kata\ mi/an i)de/an mi/a kai\ e)pisth/mh, kai\ tw=n a)gaqw=n a(pa/ntwn h)=n a)\n mi/a tis e)pisth/mh: nu=n d' ei)si\ pollai\ kai\ tw=n u(po\ mi/an kathgori/an, oi(=on kairou=, e)n pole/mw| me\n ga\r strathgikh\ e)n no/sw| d' i)atrikh/, kai\ tou= metri/ou e)n trofh=| me\n i)atrikh\ e)n po/nois de\ gumnastikh/. a)porh/seie d' a)/n tis ti/ pote kai\ bou/lontai le/gein au)toe/kaston, ei)/per e)/n te au)toanqrw/pw|
kai\ e)n a)nqrw/pw| ei(=s kai\ o( au)to\s lo/gos e)sti\n o( tou= a)nqrw/pou. h(=| ga\r a)/nqrwpos, ou)de\n dioi/sousin: ei) d' ou(/tws, ou)d' h(=| a)gaqo/n. a)lla\ mh\n ou)de\ tw=| a)i/dion ei)=nai ma=llon a)gaqo\n e)/stai, ei)/per mhde\ leuko/teron to\ poluxro/nion tou= e)fhme/rou. piqanw/teron d' e)oi/kasin oi( *puqago/reioi le/gein peri\ au)tou=, tiqe/ntes e)n th=| tw=n a)gaqw=n sustoixi/a| to\ e(/n: oi(=s dh\ kai\ *speu/sippos e)pakolouqh=sai dokei=. a)lla\ peri\ me\n tou/twn a)/llos e)/stw lo/gos: toi=s de\ lexqei=sin a)mfisbh/thsi/s tis u(pofai/netai dia\ to\ mh\ peri\ panto\s a)gaqou= tou\s lo/gous ei)rh=sqai, le/gesqai de\ kaq' e(\n ei)=dos ta\ kaq' au(ta\ diwko/mena kai\ a)gapw/mena, ta\ de\ poihtika\ tou/twn h)\ fulaktika/ pws h)\ tw=n e)nanti/wn kwlutika\ dia\ tau=ta le/gesqai kai\ tro/pon a)/llon. dh=lon ou)=n o(/ti dittw=s le/goit' a)\n ta)gaqa/, kai\ ta\ me\n kaq' au(ta/, qa/tera de\ dia\ tau=ta. xwri/santes ou)=n a)po\ tw=n w)feli/mwn ta\ kaq' au(ta\ skeyw/meqa ei) le/getai kata\ mi/an i)de/an. kaq' au(ta\ de\ poi=a qei/h tis a)/n; h)\ o(/sa kai\ monou/mena diw/ketai, oi(=on to\ fronei=n kai\ o(ra=n kai\ h(donai/ tines kai\ timai/; tau=ta ga\r ei) kai\ di' a)/llo ti diw/komen, o(/mws tw=n kaq' au(ta\ a)gaqw=n qei/h tis a)/n. h)\ ou)d' a)/llo ou)de\n plh\n th=s i)de/as; w(/ste ma/taion e)/stai to\ ei)=dos. ei) de\ kai\ tau=t' e)sti\ tw=n kaq' au(ta/, to\n ta)gaqou= lo/gon e)n a(/pasin au)toi=s to\n au)to\n e)mfai/nesqai deh/sei, kaqa/per e)n xio/ni kai\ yimuqi/w| to\n th=s leuko/thtos. timh=s de\ kai\ fronh/sews kai\ h(donh=s e(/teroi kai\ diafe/rontes oi( lo/goi tau/th| h(=| a)gaqa/. ou)k e)/stin a)/ra to\ a)gaqo\n koino/n ti kata\ mi/an i)de/an. a)lla\ pw=s dh\ le/getai; ou) ga\r e)/oike toi=s ge a)po\ tu/xhs o(mwnu/mois. a)ll' a)=ra/ ge tw=| a)f' e(no\s ei)=nai h)\ pro\s e(\n a(/panta suntelei=n, h)\ ma=llon kat' a)nalogi/an; w(s ga\r e)n sw/mati o)/yis, e)n yuxh=| nou=s, kai\ a)/llo dh\ e)n a)/llw|. a)ll' i)/sws tau=ta me\n a)fete/on to\ nu=n: e)cakribou=n ga\r u(pe\r au)tw=n a)/llhs a)\n ei)/h filosofi/as oi)keio/teron. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ th=s i)de/as: ei) ga\r kai\ e)/stin e(/n ti to\ koinh=| kathgorou/menon a)gaqo\n h)\ xwristo\n au)to/ ti kaq' au(to/, dh=lon w(s ou)k a)\n ei)/h prakto\n ou)de\ kthto\n a)nqrw/pw|: nu=n de\ toiou=to/n ti zhtei=tai. ta/xa de/ tw| do/ceien a)\n be/ltion ei)=nai gnwri/zein au)to\
pro\s ta\ kthta\ kai\ prakta\ tw=n a)gaqw=n: oi(=on ga\r para/deigma tou=t' e)/xontes ma=llon ei)so/meqa kai\ ta\ h(mi=n a)gaqa/, ka)\n ei)dw=men, e)piteuco/meqa au)tw=n. piqano/thta me\n ou)=n tina e)/xei o( lo/gos, e)/oike de\ tai=s e)pisth/mais diafwnei=n: pa=sai ga\r a)gaqou= tino\s e)fie/menai kai\ to\ e)ndee\s e)pizhtou=sai paralei/pousi th\n gnw=sin au)tou=. kai/toi boh/qhma thlikou=ton tou\s texni/tas a(/pantas a)gnoei=n kai\ mhd' e)pizhtei=n ou)k eu)/logon. a)/poron de\ kai\ ti/ w)felhqh/setai u(fa/nths h)\ te/ktwn pro\s th\n au(tou= te/xnhn ei)dw\s to\ au)to\ tou=to a)gaqo/n, h)\ pw=s i)atrikw/teros h)\ strathgikw/teros e)/stai o( th\n i)de/an au)th\n teqeame/nos. fai/netai me\n ga\r ou)de\ th\n u(gi/eian ou(/tws e)piskopei=n o( i)atro/s, a)lla\ th\n a)nqrw/pou, ma=llon d' i)/sws th\n tou=de: kaq' e(/kaston ga\r i)atreu/ei. kai\ peri\ me\n tou/twn e)pi\ tosou=ton ei)rh/sqw.
pa/lin d' e)pane/lqwmen e)pi\ to\ zhtou/menon a)gaqo/n, ti/ pot' a)\n ei)/h. fai/netai me\n ga\r a)/llo e)n a)/llh| pra/cei kai\ te/xnh|: a)/llo ga\r e)n i)atrikh=| kai\ strathgikh=| kai\ tai=s loipai=s o(moi/ws. ti/ ou)=n e(ka/sths ta)gaqo/n; h)\ ou(= xa/rin ta\ loipa\ pra/ttetai; tou=to d' e)n i)atrikh=| me\n u(gi/eia, e)n strathgikh=| de\ ni/kh, e)n oi)kodomikh=| d' oi)ki/a, e)n a)/llw| d' a)/llo, e)n a(pa/sh| de\ pra/cei kai\ proaire/sei to\ te/los: tou/tou ga\r e(/neka ta\ loipa\ pra/ttousi pa/ntes. w(/st' ei)/ ti tw=n praktw=n a(pa/ntwn e)sti\ te/los, tou=t' a)\n ei)/h to\ prakto\n a)gaqo/n, ei) de\ plei/w, tau=ta. metabai/nwn dh\ o( lo/gos ei)s tau)to\n a)fi=ktai: tou=to d' e)/ti ma=llon diasafh=sai peirate/on. e)pei\ de\ plei/w fai/netai ta\ te/lh, tou/twn d' ai(rou/meqa/ tina di' e(/teron, oi(=on plou=ton au)lou\s kai\ o(/lws ta\ o)/rgana, dh=lon w(s ou)k e)/sti pa/nta te/leia: to\ d' a)/riston te/leio/n ti fai/netai. w(/st' ei) me/n e)stin e(/n ti mo/non te/leion, tou=t' a)\n ei)/h to\ zhtou/menon, ei) de\ plei/w, to\ teleio/taton tou/twn. teleio/teron de\ le/gomen to\ kaq' au(to\ diwkto\n tou= di' e(/teron kai\ to\ mhde/pote di' a)/llo ai(reto\n tw=n kai\ kaq' au(ta\ kai\ di' au)to\ ai(retw=n, kai\ a(plw=s dh\ te/leion to\ kaq' au(to\ ai(reto\n a)ei\ kai\ mhde/pote di' a)/llo. toiou=ton d' h( eu)daimoni/a ma/list' ei)=nai dokei=:
tau/thn ga\r ai(rou/meqa a)ei\ di' au)th\n kai\ ou)de/pote di' a)/llo, timh\n de\ kai\ h(donh\n kai\ nou=n kai\ pa=san a)reth\n ai(rou/meqa me\n kai\ di' au)ta/ （mhqeno\s ga\r a)pobai/nontos e(loi/meq' a)\n e(/kaston au)tw=n）, ai(rou/meqa de\ kai\ th=s eu)daimoni/as xa/rin, dia\ tou/twn u(polamba/nontes eu)daimonh/sein. th\n d' eu)daimoni/an ou)dei\s ai(rei=tai tou/twn xa/rin, ou)d' o(/lws di' a)/llo. fai/netai de\ kai\ e)k th=s au)tarkei/as to\ au)to\ sumbai/nein: to\ ga\r te/leion a)gaqo\n au)/tarkes ei)=nai dokei=. to\ d' au)/tarkes le/gomen ou)k au)tw=| mo/nw|, tw=| zw=nti bi/on monw/thn, a)lla\ kai\ goneu=si kai\ te/knois kai\ gunaiki\ kai\ o(/lws toi=s fi/lois kai\ poli/tais, e)peidh\ fu/sei politiko\n o( a)/nqrwpos. tou/twn de\ lhpte/os o(/ros tis: e)pektei/nonti ga\r e)pi\ tou\s gonei=s kai\ tou\s a)pogo/nous kai\ tw=n fi/lwn tou\s fi/lous ei)s a)/peiron pro/eisin. a)lla\ tou=to me\n ei)sau=qis e)piskepte/on: to\ d' au)/tarkes ti/qemen o(\ monou/menon ai(reto\n poiei= to\n bi/on kai\ mhdeno\s e)ndea=: toiou=ton de\ th\n eu)daimoni/an oi)o/meqa ei)=nai: e)/ti de\ pa/ntwn ai(retwta/thn mh\ sunariqmoume/nhn—sunariqmoume/nhn de\ dh=lon w(s ai(retwte/ran meta\ tou= e)laxi/stou tw=n a)gaqw=n: u(peroxh\ ga\r a)gaqw=n gi/netai to\ prostiqe/menon, a)gaqw=n de\ to\ mei=zon ai(retw/teron a)ei/. te/leion dh/ ti fai/netai kai\ au)/tarkes h( eu)daimoni/a, tw=n praktw=n ou)=sa te/los.
a)ll' i)/sws th\n me\n eu)daimoni/an to\ a)/riston le/gein o(mologou/meno/n ti fai/netai, poqei=tai d' e)narge/steron ti/ e)stin e)/ti lexqh=nai. ta/xa dh\ ge/noit' a)\n tou=t', ei) lhfqei/h to\ e)/rgon tou= a)nqrw/pou. w(/sper ga\r au)lhth=| kai\ a)galmatopoiw=| kai\ panti\ texni/th|, kai\ o(/lws w(=n e)/stin e)/rgon ti kai\ pra=cis, e)n tw=| e)/rgw| dokei= ta)gaqo\n ei)=nai kai\ to\ eu)=, ou(/tw do/ceien a)\n kai\ a)nqrw/pw|, ei)/per e)/sti ti e)/rgon au)tou=. po/teron ou)=n te/ktonos me\n kai\ skute/ws e)/stin e)/rga tina\ kai\ pra/ceis, a)nqrw/pou d' ou)de/n e)stin, a)ll' a)rgo\n pe/fuken; h)\ kaqa/per o)fqalmou= kai\ xeiro\s kai\ podo\s kai\ o(/lws e(ka/stou tw=n mori/wn fai/netai/ ti e)/rgon, ou(/tw kai\ a)nqrw/pou para\ pa/nta tau=ta qei/h tis a)\n e)/rgon ti; ti/ ou)=n dh\ tou=t' a)\n ei)/h pote/; to\ me\n ga\r zh=n koino\n ei)=nai fai/netai kai\ toi=s futoi=s, zhtei=tai de\ to\ i)/dion.
a)foriste/on a)/ra th/n te qreptikh\n kai\ th\n au)chtikh\n zwh/n. e(pome/nh de\ ai)sqhtikh/ tis a)\n ei)/h, fai/netai de\ kai\ au)th\ koinh\ kai\ i(/ppw| kai\ boi\+ kai\ panti\ zw/|w|. lei/petai dh\ praktikh/ tis tou= lo/gon e)/xontos: tou/tou de\ to\ me\n w(s e)pipeiqe\s lo/gw|, to\ d' w(s e)/xon kai\ dianoou/menon. dittw=s de\ kai\ tau/ths legome/nhs th\n kat' e)ne/rgeian qete/on: kuriw/teron ga\r au(/th dokei= le/gesqai. ei) d' e)sti\n e)/rgon a)nqrw/pou yuxh=s e)ne/rgeia kata\ lo/gon h)\ mh\ a)/neu lo/gou, to\ d' au)to/ famen e)/rgon ei)=nai tw=| ge/nei tou=de kai\ tou=de spoudai/ou, w(/sper kiqaristou= kai\ spoudai/ou kiqaristou=, kai\ a(plw=s dh\ tou=t' e)pi\ pa/ntwn, prostiqeme/nhs th=s kata\ th\n a)reth\n u(peroxh=s pro\s to\ e)/rgon: kiqaristou= me\n ga\r kiqari/zein, spoudai/ou de\ to\ eu)=: ei) d' ou(/tws, a)nqrw/pou de\ ti/qemen e)/rgon zwh/n tina, tau/thn de\ yuxh=s e)ne/rgeian kai\ pra/ceis meta\ lo/gou, spoudai/ou d' a)ndro\s eu)= tau=ta kai\ kalw=s, e(/kaston d' eu)= kata\ th\n oi)kei/an a)reth\n a)potelei=tai: ei) d' ou(/tw, to\ a)nqrw/pinon a)gaqo\n yuxh=s e)ne/rgeia gi/netai kat' a)reth/n, ei) de\ plei/ous ai( a)retai/, kata\ th\n a)ri/sthn kai\ teleiota/thn. e)/ti d' e)n bi/w| telei/w|. mi/a ga\r xelidw\n e)/ar ou) poiei=, ou)de\ mi/a h(me/ra: ou(/tw de\ ou)de\ maka/rion kai\ eu)dai/mona mi/a h(me/ra ou)d' o)li/gos xro/nos. perigegra/fqw me\n ou)=n ta)gaqo\n tau/th|: dei= ga\r i)/sws u(potupw=sai prw=ton, ei)=q' u(/steron a)nagra/yai. do/ceie d' a)\n panto\s ei)=nai proagagei=n kai\ diarqrw=sai ta\ kalw=s e)/xonta th=| perigrafh=|, kai\ o( xro/nos tw=n toiou/twn eu(reth\s h)\ sunergo\s a)gaqo\s ei)=nai: o(/qen kai\ tw=n texnw=n gego/nasin ai( e)pido/seis: panto\s ga\r prosqei=nai to\ e)llei=pon. memnh=sqai de\ kai\ tw=n proeirhme/nwn xrh/, kai\ th\n a)kri/beian mh\ o(moi/ws e)n a(/pasin e)pizhtei=n, a)ll' e)n e(ka/stois kata\ th\n u(pokeime/nhn u(/lhn kai\ e)pi\ tosou=ton e)f' o(/son oi)kei=on th=| meqo/dw|. kai\ ga\r te/ktwn kai\ gewme/trhs diafero/ntws e)pizhtou=si th\n o)rqh/n: o(\ me\n ga\r e)f' o(/son xrhsi/mh pro\s to\ e)/rgon, o(\ de\ ti/ e)stin h)\ poi=o/n ti: qeath\s ga\r ta)lhqou=s. to\n au)to\n dh\ tro/pon kai\ e)n toi=s a)/llois poihte/on, o(/pws mh\ ta\ pa/rerga tw=n e)/rgwn plei/w gi/nhtai.
ou)k a)paithte/on d' ou)de\ th\n ai)ti/an e)n a(/pasin o(moi/ws, a)ll' i(kano\n e)/n tisi to\ o(/ti deixqh=nai kalw=s, oi(=on kai\ peri\ ta\s a)rxa/s: to\ d' o(/ti prw=ton kai\ a)rxh/. tw=n a)rxw=n d' ai(\ me\n e)pagwgh=| qewrou=ntai, ai(\ d' ai)sqh/sei, ai(\ d' e)qismw=| tini/, kai\ a)/llai d' a)/llws. metie/nai de\ peirate/on e(ka/stas h(=| pefu/kasin, kai\ spoudaste/on o(/pws diorisqw=si kalw=s: mega/lhn ga\r e)/xousi r(oph\n pro\s ta\ e(po/mena. dokei= ga\r plei=on h)\ h(/misu tou= panto\s ei)=nai h( a)rxh/, kai\ polla\ sumfanh= gi/nesqai di' au)th=s tw=n zhtoume/nwn.
skepte/on de\ peri\ au)th=s ou) mo/non e)k tou= sumpera/smatos kai\ e)c w(=n o( lo/gos, a)lla\ kai\ e)k tw=n legome/nwn peri\ au)th=s: tw=| me\n ga\r a)lhqei= pa/nta suna/|dei ta\ u(pa/rxonta, tw=| de\ yeudei= taxu\ diafwnei= ta)lhqe/s. nenemhme/nwn dh\ tw=n a)gaqw=n trixh=|, kai\ tw=n me\n e)kto\s legome/nwn tw=n de\ peri\ yuxh\n kai\ sw=ma, ta\ peri\ yuxh\n kuriw/tata le/gomen kai\ ma/lista a)gaqa/, ta\s de\ pra/ceis kai\ ta\s e)nergei/as ta\s yuxika\s peri\ yuxh\n ti/qemen. w(/ste kalw=s a)\n le/goito kata/ ge tau/thn th\n do/can palaia\n ou)=san kai\ o(mologoume/nhn u(po\ tw=n filosofou/ntwn. o)rqw=s de\ kai\ o(/ti pra/ceis tine\s le/gontai kai\ e)ne/rgeiai to\ te/los: ou(/tw ga\r tw=n peri\ yuxh\n a)gaqw=n gi/netai kai\ ou) tw=n e)kto/s. suna/|dei de\ tw=| lo/gw| kai\ to\ eu)= zh=n kai\ to\ eu)= pra/ttein to\n eu)dai/mona: sxedo\n ga\r eu)zwi/a tis ei)/rhtai kai\ eu)praci/a. fai/netai de\ kai\ ta\ e)pizhtou/mena ta\ peri\ th\n eu)daimoni/an a(/panq' u(pa/rxein tw=| lexqe/nti. toi=s me\n ga\r a)reth\ toi=s de\ fro/nhsis a)/llois de\ sofi/a tis ei)=nai dokei=, toi=s de\ tau=ta h)\ tou/twn ti meq' h(donh=s h)\ ou)k a)/neu h(donh=s: e(/teroi de\ kai\ th\n e)kto\s eu)ethri/an sumparalamba/nousin. tou/twn de\ ta\ me\n polloi\ kai\ palaioi\ le/gousin, ta\ de\ o)li/goi kai\ e)/ndocoi a)/ndres: ou)dete/rous de\ tou/twn eu)/logon diamarta/nein toi=s o(/lois, a)ll' e(/n ge/ ti h)\ kai\ ta\ plei=sta katorqou=n. toi=s me\n ou)=n le/gousi th\n a)reth\n h)\ a)reth/n tina sunw|do/s e)stin o( lo/gos: tau/ths ga/r e)stin h( kat' au)th\n e)ne/rgeia. diafe/rei de\ i)/sws ou) mikro\n e)n kth/sei h)\ xrh/sei to\ a)/riston u(polamba/nein, kai\ e)n e(/cei h)\ e)nergei/a|. th\n me\n ga\r e(/cin e)nde/xetai mhde\n a)gaqo\n a)potelei=n u(pa/rxousan,
oi(=on tw=| kaqeu/donti h)\ kai\ a)/llws pws e)chrghko/ti, th\n d' e)ne/rgeian ou)x oi(=o/n te: pra/cei ga\r e)c a)na/gkhs, kai\ eu)= pra/cei. w(/sper d' *)olumpi/asin ou)x oi( ka/llistoi kai\ i)sxuro/tatoi stefanou=ntai a)ll' oi( a)gwnizo/menoi （tou/twn ga/r tines nikw=sin）, ou(/tw kai\ tw=n e)n tw=| bi/w| kalw=n ka)gaqw=n oi( pra/ttontes o)rqw=s e)ph/boloi gi/nontai. e)/sti de\ kai\ o( bi/os au)tw=n kaq' au(to\n h(du/s. to\ me\n ga\r h(/desqai tw=n yuxikw=n, e(ka/stw| d' e)sti\n h(du\ pro\s o(\ le/getai filotoiou=tos, oi(=on i(/ppos me\n tw=| fili/ppw|, qe/ama de\ tw=| filoqew/rw|: to\n au)to\n de\ tro/pon kai\ ta\ di/kaia tw=| filodikai/w| kai\ o(/lws ta\ kat' a)reth\n tw=| filare/tw|. toi=s me\n ou)=n polloi=s ta\ h(de/a ma/xetai dia\ to\ mh\ fu/sei toiau=t' ei)=nai, toi=s de\ filoka/lois e)sti\n h(de/a ta\ fu/sei h(de/a: toiau=tai d' ai( kat' a)reth\n pra/ceis, w(/ste kai\ tou/tois ei)si\n h(dei=ai kai\ kaq' au(ta/s. ou)de\n dh\ prosdei=tai th=s h(donh=s o( bi/os au)tw=n w(/sper peria/ptou tino/s, a)ll' e)/xei th\n h(donh\n e)n e(autw=|. pro\s toi=s ei)rhme/nois ga\r ou)d' e)sti\n a)gaqo\s o( mh\ xai/rwn tai=s kalai=s pra/cesin: ou)/te ga\r di/kaion ou)qei\s a)\n ei)/poi to\n mh\ xai/ronta tw=| dikaiopragei=n, ou)/t' e)leuqe/rion to\n mh\ xai/ronta tai=s e)leuqeri/ois pra/cesin: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn. ei) d' ou(/tw, kaq' au(ta\s a)\n ei)=en ai( kat' a)reth\n pra/ceis h(dei=ai. a)lla\ mh\n kai\ a)gaqai/ ge kai\ kalai/, kai\ ma/lista tou/twn e(/kaston, ei)/per kalw=s kri/nei peri\ au)tw=n o( spoudai=os: kri/nei d' w(s ei)/pomen. a)/riston a)/ra kai\ ka/lliston kai\ h(/diston h( eu)daimoni/a, kai\ ou) diw/ristai tau=ta kata\ to\ *dhliako\n e)pi/gramma: ka/lliston to\ dikaio/taton, lw=|ston d' u(giai/nein:h(/diston de\ pe/fux' ou(= tis e)ra=| to\ tuxei=n.
a(/panta ga\r u(pa/rxei tau=ta tai=s a)ri/stais e)nergei/ais: tau/tas de/, h)\ mi/an tou/twn th\n a)ri/sthn, fame\n ei)=nai th\n eu)daimoni/an. fai/netai d' o(/mws kai\ tw=n e)kto\s a)gaqw=n prosdeome/nh, kaqa/per ei)/pomen: a)du/naton ga\r h)\ ou) r(a/|dion ta\ kala\ pra/ttein a)xorh/ghton o)/nta. polla\ me\n ga\r pra/ttetai,
kaqa/per di' o)rga/nwn, dia\ fi/lwn kai\ plou/tou kai\ politikh=s duna/mews: e)ni/wn de\ thtw/menoi r(upai/nousi to\ maka/rion, oi(=on eu)genei/as eu)tekni/as ka/llous: ou) pa/nu ga\r eu)daimoniko\s o( th\n i)de/an panai/sxhs h)\ dusgenh\s h)\ monw/ths kai\ a)/teknos, e)/ti d' i)/sws h(=tton, ei)/ tw| pa/gkakoi pai=des ei)=en h)\ fi/loi, h)\ a)gaqoi\ o)/ntes teqna=sin. kaqa/per ou)=n ei)/pomen, e)/oike prosdei=sqai kai\ th=s toiau/ths eu)hmeri/as: o(/qen ei)s tau)to\ ta/ttousin e)/nioi th\n eu)tuxi/an th=| eu)daimoni/a|, e(/teroi de\ th\n a)reth/n.
o(/qen kai\ a)porei=tai po/tero/n e)sti maqhto\n h)\ e)qisto\n h)\ kai\ a)/llws pws a)skhto/n, h)\ kata/ tina qei/an moi=ran h)\ kai\ dia\ tu/xhn paragi/netai. ei) me\n ou)=n kai\ a)/llo ti/ e)sti qew=n dw/rhma a)nqrw/pois, eu)/logon kai\ th\n eu)daimoni/an qeo/sdoton ei)=nai, kai\ ma/lista tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn o(/sw| be/ltiston. a)lla\ tou=to me\n i)/sws a)/llhs a)\n ei)/h ske/yews oi)keio/teron, fai/netai de\ ka)\n ei) mh\ qeo/pempto/s e)stin a)lla\ di' a)reth\n kai/ tina ma/qhsin h)\ a)/skhsin paragi/netai, tw=n qeiota/twn ei)=nai: to\ ga\r th=s a)reth=s a)=qlon kai\ te/los a)/riston ei)=nai fai/netai kai\ qei=o/n ti kai\ maka/rion. ei)/h d' a)\n kai\ polu/koinon: dunato\n ga\r u(pa/rcai pa=si toi=s mh\ pephrwme/nois pro\s a)reth\n dia/ tinos maqh/sews kai\ e)pimelei/as. ei) d' e)sti\n ou(/tw be/ltion h)\ to\ dia\ tu/xhn eu)daimonei=n, eu)/logon e)/xein ou(/tws, ei)/per ta\ kata\ fu/sin, w(s oi(=o/n te ka/llista e)/xein, ou(/tw pe/fuken, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\ kata\ te/xnhn kai\ pa=san ai)ti/an, kai\ ma/lista ta\ kata\ th\n a)ri/sthn. to\ de\ me/giston kai\ ka/lliston e)pitre/yai tu/xh| li/an plhmmele\s a)\n ei)/h. sumfane\s d' e)sti\ kai\ e)k tou= lo/gou to\ zhtou/menon: ei)/rhtai ga\r yuxh=s e)ne/rgeia kat' a)reth\n poia/ tis. tw=n de\ loipw=n a)gaqw=n ta\ me\n u(pa/rxein a)nagkai=on, ta\ de\ sunerga\ kai\ xrh/sima pe/fuken o)rganikw=s. o(mologou/mena de\ tau=t' a)\n ei)/h kai\ toi=s e)n a)rxh=|: to\ ga\r th=s politikh=s te/los a)/riston e)ti/qemen, au(/th de\ plei/sthn e)pime/leian poiei=tai tou= poiou/s tinas kai\ a)gaqou\s tou\s poli/tas poih=sai kai\ praktikou\s tw=n kalw=n. ei)ko/tws ou)=n ou)/te bou=n ou)/te i(/ppon ou)/te a)/llo tw=n zw/|wn ou)de\n eu)/daimon le/gomen:
ou)de\n ga\r au)tw=n oi(=o/n te koinwnh=sai toiau/ths e)nergei/as. dia\ tau/thn de\ th\n ai)ti/an ou)de\ pai=s eu)dai/mwn e)sti/n: ou)/pw ga\r praktiko\s tw=n toiou/twn dia\ th\n h(liki/an: oi( de\ lego/menoi dia\ th\n e)lpi/da makari/zontai. dei= ga/r, w(/sper ei)/pomen, kai\ a)reth=s telei/as kai\ bi/ou telei/ou. pollai\ ga\r metabolai\ gi/nontai kai\ pantoi=ai tu/xai kata\ to\n bi/on, kai\ e)nde/xetai to\n ma/list' eu)qhnou=nta mega/lais sumforai=s peripesei=n e)pi\ gh/rws, kaqa/per e)n toi=s *trwikoi=s peri\ *pria/mou muqeu/etai: to\n de\ toiau/tais xrhsa/menon tu/xais kai\ teleuth/santa a)qli/ws ou)dei\s eu)daimoni/zei.
po/teron ou)=n ou)d' a)/llon ou)de/na a)nqrw/pwn eu)daimoniste/on e(/ws a)\n zh=|, kata\ *so/lwna de\ xrew\n te/los o(ra=n; ei) de\ dh\ kai\ qete/on ou(/tws, a)=ra/ ge kai\ e)/stin eu)dai/mwn to/te e)peida\n a)poqa/nh|; h)\ tou=to/ ge pantelw=s a)/topon, a)/llws te kai\ toi=s le/gousin h(mi=n e)ne/rgeia/n tina th\n eu)daimoni/an; ei) de\ mh\ le/gomen to\n teqnew=ta eu)dai/mona, mhde\ *so/lwn tou=to bou/letai, a)ll' o(/ti thnikau=ta a)/n tis a)sfalw=s makari/seien a)/nqrwpon w(s e)kto\s h)/dh tw=n kakw=n o)/nta kai\ tw=n dustuxhma/twn, e)/xei me\n kai\ tou=t' a)mfisbh/thsi/n tina: dokei= ga\r ei)=nai/ ti tw=| teqnew=ti kai\ kako\n kai\ a)gaqo/n, ei)/per kai\ tw=| zw=nti mh\ ai)sqanome/nw| de/, oi(=on timai\ kai\ a)timi/ai kai\ te/knwn kai\ o(/lws a)pogo/nwn eu)praci/ai te kai\ dustuxi/ai. a)pori/an de\ kai\ tau=ta pare/xei: tw=| ga\r makari/ws bebiwko/ti me/xri gh/rws kai\ teleuth/santi kata\ lo/gon e)nde/xetai polla\s metabola\s sumbai/nein peri\ tou\s e)kgo/nous, kai\ tou\s me\n au)tw=n a)gaqou\s ei)=nai kai\ tuxei=n bi/ou tou= kat' a)ci/an, tou\s d' e)c e)nanti/as: dh=lon d' o(/ti kai\ toi=s a)posth/masi pro\s tou\s gonei=s pantodapw=s e)/xein au)tou\s e)nde/xetai. a)/topon dh\ gi/noit' a)/n, ei) summetaba/lloi kai\ o( teqnew\s kai\ gi/noito o(te\ me\n eu)dai/mwn pa/lin d' a)/qlios: a)/topon de\ kai\ to\ mhde\n mhd' e)pi/ tina xro/non suniknei=sqai ta\ tw=n e)kgo/nwn toi=s goneu=sin. a)ll' e)panite/on e)pi\ to\ pro/teron a)porhqe/n: ta/xa ga\r a)\n qewrhqei/h kai\ to\ nu=n e)pizhtou/menon e)c e)kei/nou. ei) dh\ to\ te/los o(ra=n dei= kai\ to/te makari/zein e(/kaston ou)x w(s o)/nta maka/rion a)ll' o(/ti pro/teron h)=n, pw=s ou)k a)/topon, ei) o(/t' e)/stin eu)dai/mwn, mh\ a)lhqeu/setai kat' au)tou= to\ u(pa/rxon
dia\ to\ mh\ bou/lesqai tou\s zw=ntas eu)daimoni/zein dia\ ta\s metabola/s, kai\ dia\ to\ mo/nimo/n ti th\n eu)daimoni/an u(peilhfe/nai kai\ mhdamw=s eu)meta/bolon, ta\s de\ tu/xas polla/kis a)nakuklei=sqai peri\ tou\s au)tou/s; dh=lon ga\r w(s ei) sunakolouqoi/hmen tai=s tu/xais, to\n au)to\n eu)dai/mona kai\ pa/lin a)/qlion e)rou=men polla/kis, xamaile/onta/ tina to\n eu)dai/mona a)pofai/nontes kai\ saqrw=s i(drume/non. h)\ to\ me\n tai=s tu/xais e)pakolouqei=n ou)damw=s o)rqo/n; ou) ga\r e)n tau/tais to\ eu)= h)\ kakw=s, a)lla\ prosdei=tai tou/twn o( a)nqrw/pinos bi/os, kaqa/per ei)/pomen, ku/riai d' ei)si\n ai( kat' a)reth\n e)ne/rgeiai th=s eu)daimoni/as, ai( d' e)nanti/ai tou= e)nanti/ou. marturei= de\ tw=| lo/gw| kai\ to\ nu=n diaporhqe/n. peri\ ou)de\n ga\r ou(/tws u(pa/rxei tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn e)/rgwn bebaio/ths w(s peri\ ta\s e)nergei/as ta\s kat' a)reth/n: monimw/terai ga\r kai\ tw=n e)pisthmw=n au(=tai dokou=sin ei)=nai: tou/twn d' au)tw=n ai( timiw/tatai monimw/terai dia\ to\ ma/lista kai\ sunexe/stata katazh=n e)n au)tai=s tou\s makari/ous: tou=to ga\r e)/oiken ai)ti/w| tou= mh\ gi/nesqai peri\ au)ta\s lh/qhn. u(pa/rcei dh\ to\ zhtou/menon tw=| eu)dai/moni, kai\ e)/stai dia\ bi/ou toiou=tos: a)ei\ ga\r h)\ ma/lista pa/ntwn pra/cei kai\ qewrh/sei ta\ kat' a)reth/n, kai\ ta\s tu/xas oi)/sei ka/llista kai\ pa/nth| pa/ntws e)mmelw=s o(/ g' w(s a)lhqw=s a)gaqo\s kai\ tetra/gwnos a)/neu yo/gou. pollw=n de\ ginome/nwn kata\ tu/xhn kai\ diafero/ntwn mege/qei kai\ mikro/thti, ta\ me\n mikra\ tw=n eu)tuxhma/twn, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ tw=n a)ntikeime/nwn, dh=lon w(s ou) poiei= r(oph\n th=s zwh=s, ta\ de\ mega/la kai\ polla\ gino/mena me\n eu)= makariw/teron to\n bi/on poih/sei （kai\ ga\r au)ta\ sunepikosmei=n pe/fuken, kai\ h( xrh=sis au)tw=n kalh\ kai\ spoudai/a gi/netai）, a)na/palin de\ sumbai/nonta qli/bei kai\ lumai/netai to\ maka/rion: lu/pas te ga\r e)pife/rei kai\ e)mpodi/zei pollai=s e)nergei/ais. o(/mws de\ kai\ e)n tou/tois diala/mpei to\ kalo/n, e)peida\n fe/rh| tis eu)ko/lws polla\s kai\ mega/las a)tuxi/as, mh\ di' a)nalghsi/an, a)lla\ genna/das w)\n kai\ megalo/yuxos. ei) d' ei)si\n ai( e)ne/rgeiai ku/riai th=s zwh=s, kaqa/per ei)/pomen, ou)dei\s a)\n ge/noito tw=n makari/wn a)/qlios: ou)de/pote ga\r pra/cei ta\ mishta\ kai\ ta\ fau=la.
to\n ga\r w(s a)lhqw=s a)gaqo\n kai\ e)/mfrona pa/sas oi)o/meqa ta\s tu/xas eu)sxhmo/nws fe/rein kai\ e)k tw=n u(parxo/ntwn a)ei\ ta\ ka/llista pra/ttein, kaqa/per kai\ strathgo\n a)gaqo\n tw=| paro/nti stratope/dw| xrh=sqai polemikw/tata kai\ skutoto/mon e)k tw=n doqe/ntwn skutw=n ka/lliston u(po/dhma poiei=n: to\n au)to\n de\ tro/pon kai\ tou\s a)/llous texni/tas a(/pantas. ei) d' ou(/tws, a)/qlios me\n ou)de/pote ge/noit' a)\n o( eu)dai/mwn, ou) mh\n maka/rio/s ge, a)\n *priamikai=s tu/xais peripe/sh|. ou)de\ dh\ poiki/los ge kai\ eu)meta/bolos: ou)/te ga\r e)k th=s eu)daimoni/as kinhqh/setai r(a|di/ws, ou)d' u(po\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn a)tuxhma/twn a)ll' u(po\ mega/lwn kai\ pollw=n, e)/k te tw=n toiou/twn ou)k a)\n ge/noito pa/lin eu)dai/mwn e)n o)li/gw| xro/nw|, a)ll' ei)/per, e)n pollw=| tini\ kai\ telei/w|, mega/lwn kai\ kalw=n e)n au)tw=| geno/menos e)ph/bolos. ti/ ou)=n kwlu/ei le/gein eu)dai/mona to\n kat' a)reth\n telei/an e)nergou=nta kai\ toi=s e)kto\s a)gaqoi=s i(kanw=s kexorhghme/non mh\ to\n tuxo/nta xro/non a)lla\ te/leion bi/on; h)\ prosqete/on kai\ biwso/menon ou(/tw kai\ teleuth/sonta kata\ lo/gon; e)peidh\ to\ me/llon a)fane\s h(mi=n e)sti/n, th\n eu)daimoni/an de\ te/los kai\ te/leion ti/qemen pa/nth| pa/ntws. ei) d' ou(/tw, makari/ous e)rou=men tw=n zw/ntwn oi(=s u(pa/rxei kai\ u(pa/rcei ta\ lexqe/nta, makari/ous d' a)nqrw/pous. kai\ peri\ me\n tou/twn e)pi\ tosou=ton diwri/sqw. ta\s de\ tw=n a)pogo/nwn tu/xas kai\ tw=n fi/lwn a(pa/ntwn to\ me\n mhdotiou=n sumba/llesqai li/an a)/filon fai/netai kai\ tai=s do/cais e)nanti/on: pollw=n de\ kai\ pantoi/as e)xo/ntwn diafora\s tw=n sumbaino/ntwn, kai\ tw=n me\n ma=llon suniknoume/nwn tw=n d' h(=tton, kaq' e(/kaston me\n diairei=n makro\n kai\ a)pe/ranton fai/netai, kaqo/lou de\ lexqe\n kai\ tu/pw| ta/x' a)\n i(kanw=s e)/xoi. ei) dh/, kaqa/per kai\ tw=n peri\ au(to\n a)tuxhma/twn ta\ me\n e)/xei ti bri=qos kai\ r(oph\n pro\s to\n bi/on ta\ d' e)lafrote/rois e)/oiken, ou(/tw kai\ ta\ peri\ tou\s fi/lous o(moi/ws a(/pantas, diafe/rei de\ tw=n paqw=n e(/kaston peri\ zw=ntas h)\ teleuth/santas sumbai/nein polu\ ma=llon h)\ ta\ para/noma kai\ deina\ prou+pa/rxein e)n tai=s tragw|di/ais h)\ pra/ttesqai, sullogiste/on dh\ kai\ tau/thn th\n diafora/n, ma=llon d' i)/sws to\ diaporei=sqai peri\ tou\s kekmhko/tas ei)/ tinos a)gaqou= koinwnou=sin h)\ tw=n a)ntikeime/nwn.
e)/oike ga\r e)k tou/twn ei) kai\ diiknei=tai pro\s au)tou\s o(tiou=n, ei)/t' a)gaqo\n ei)/te tou)nanti/on, a)fauro/n ti kai\ mikro\n h)\ a(plw=s h)\ e)kei/nois ei)=nai, ei) de\ mh/, tosou=to/n ge kai\ toiou=ton w(/ste mh\ poiei=n eu)dai/monas tou\s mh\ o)/ntas mhde\ tou\s o)/ntas a)fairei=sqai to\ maka/rion. sumba/llesqai me\n ou)=n ti fai/nontai toi=s kekmhko/sin ai( eu)praci/ai tw=n fi/lwn, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ai( duspraci/ai, toiau=ta de\ kai\ thlikau=ta w(/ste mh/te tou\s eu)dai/monas mh\ eu)dai/monas poiei=n mh/t' a)/llo tw=n toiou/twn mhde/n.
diwrisme/nwn de\ tou/twn e)piskeyw/meqa peri\ th=s eu)daimoni/as po/tera tw=n e)painetw=n e)sti\n h)\ ma=llon tw=n timi/wn: dh=lon ga\r o(/ti tw=n ge duna/mewn ou)k e)/stin. fai/netai dh\ pa=n to\ e)paineto\n tw=| poio/n ti ei)=nai kai\ pro/s ti pw=s e)/xein e)painei=sqai: to\n ga\r di/kaion kai\ to\n a)ndrei=on kai\ o(/lws to\n a)gaqo/n te kai\ th\n a)reth\n e)painou=men dia\ ta\s pra/ceis kai\ ta\ e)/rga, kai\ to\n i)sxuro\n de\ kai\ to\n dromiko\n kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kaston tw=| poio/n tina pefuke/nai kai\ e)/xein pws pro\s a)gaqo/n ti kai\ spoudai=on. dh=lon de\ tou=to kai\ e)k tw=n peri\ tou\s qeou\s e)pai/nwn: geloi=oi ga\r fai/nontai pro\s h(ma=s a)nafero/menoi, tou=to de\ sumbai/nei dia\ to\ gi/nesqai tou\s e)pai/nous di' a)nafora=s, w(/sper ei)/pomen. ei) d' e)sti\n o( e)/painos tw=n toiou/twn, dh=lon o(/ti tw=n a)ri/stwn ou)k e)/stin e)/painos, a)lla\ mei=zo/n ti kai\ be/ltion, kaqa/per kai\ fai/netai: tou/s te ga\r qeou\s makari/zomen kai\ eu)daimoni/zomen kai\ tw=n a)ndrw=n tou\s qeiota/tous makari/zomen. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ tw=n a)gaqw=n: ou)dei\s ga\r th\n eu)daimoni/an e)painei= kaqa/per to\ di/kaion, a)ll' w(s qeio/tero/n ti kai\ be/ltion makari/zei. dokei= de\ kai\ *eu)/docos kalw=s sunhgorh=sai peri\ tw=n a)ristei/wn th=| h(donh=|: to\ ga\r mh\ e)painei=sqai tw=n a)gaqw=n ou)=san mhnu/ein w)/|eto o(/ti krei=tto/n e)sti tw=n e)painetw=n, toiou=ton d' ei)=nai to\n qeo\n kai\ ta)gaqo/n: pro\s tau=ta ga\r kai\ ta)=lla a)nafe/resqai. o( me\n ga\r e)/painos th=s a)reth=s: praktikoi\ ga\r tw=n kalw=n a)po\ tau/ths: ta\ d' e)gkw/mia tw=n e)/rgwn o(moi/ws kai\ tw=n swmatikw=n kai\ tw=n yuxikw=n. a)lla\ tau=ta me\n i)/sws oi)keio/teron e)cakribou=n toi=s peri\ ta\ e)gkw/mia peponhme/nois: h(mi=n de\ dh=lon e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn
o(/ti e)sti\n h( eu)daimoni/a tw=n timi/wn kai\ telei/wn. e)/oike d' ou(/tws e)/xein kai\ dia\ to\ ei)=nai a)rxh/: tau/ths ga\r xa/rin ta\ loipa\ pa/nta pa/ntes pra/ttomen, th\n a)rxh\n de\ kai\ to\ ai)/tion tw=n a)gaqw=n ti/mio/n ti kai\ qei=on ti/qemen.
e)pei\ d' e)sti\n h( eu)daimoni/a yuxh=s e)ne/rgeia/ tis kat' a)reth\n telei/an, peri\ a)reth=s e)piskepte/on a)\n ei)/h: ta/xa ga\r ou(/tws a)\n be/ltion kai\ peri\ th=s eu)daimoni/as qewrh/saimen. dokei= de\ kai\ o( kat' a)lh/qeian politiko\s peri\ tau/thn ma/lista peponh=sqai: bou/letai ga\r tou\s poli/tas a)gaqou\s poiei=n kai\ tw=n no/mwn u(phko/ous. para/deigma de\ tou/twn e)/xomen tou\s *krhtw=n kai\ *lakedaimoni/wn nomoqe/tas, kai\ ei)/ tines e(/teroi toiou=toi gege/nhntai. ei) de\ th=s politikh=s e)sti\n h( ske/yis au(/th, dh=lon o(/ti gi/noit' a)\n h( zh/thsis kata\ th\n e)c a)rxh=s proai/resin. peri\ a)reth=s de\ e)piskepte/on a)nqrwpi/nhs dh=lon o(/ti: kai\ ga\r ta)gaqo\n a)nqrw/pinon e)zhtou=men kai\ th\n eu)daimoni/an a)nqrwpi/nhn. a)reth\n de\ le/gomen a)nqrwpi/nhn ou) th\n tou= sw/matos a)lla\ th\n th=s yuxh=s: kai\ th\n eu)daimoni/an de\ yuxh=s e)ne/rgeian le/gomen. ei) de\ tau=q' ou(/tws e)/xei, dh=lon o(/ti dei= to\n politiko\n ei)de/nai pws ta\ peri\ yuxh=s, w(/sper kai\ to\n o)fqalmou\s qerapeu/sonta kai\ pa=n to\ sw=ma, kai\ ma=llon o(/sw| timiwte/ra kai\ belti/wn h( politikh\ th=s i)atrikh=s: tw=n d' i)atrw=n oi( xari/entes polla\ pragmateu/ontai peri\ th\n tou= sw/matos gnw=sin. qewrhte/on dh\ kai\ tw=| politikw=| peri\ yuxh=s, qewrhte/on de\ tou/twn xa/rin, kai\ e)f' o(/son i(kanw=s e)/xei pro\s ta\ zhtou/mena: to\ ga\r e)pi\ plei=on e)cakribou=n e)rgwde/steron i)/sws e)sti\ tw=n prokeime/nwn. le/getai de\ peri\ au)th=s kai\ e)n toi=s e)cwterikoi=s lo/gois a)rkou/ntws e)/nia, kai\ xrhste/on au)toi=s: oi(=on to\ me\n a)/logon au)th=s ei)=nai, to\ de\ lo/gon e)/xon. tau=ta de\ po/teron diw/ristai kaqa/per ta\ tou= sw/matos mo/ria kai\ pa=n to\ meristo/n, h)\ tw=| lo/gw| du/o e)sti\n a)xw/rista pefuko/ta kaqa/per e)n th=| periferei/a| to\ kurto\n kai\ to\ koi=lon, ou)qe\n diafe/rei pro\s to\ paro/n. tou= a)lo/gou de\ to\ me\n e)/oike koinw=| kai\ futikw=|, le/gw de\ to\ ai)/tion tou= tre/fesqai kai\ au)/cesqai: th\n toiau/thn ga\r du/namin th=s yuxh=s e)n a(/pasi toi=s trefome/nois qei/h tis a)\n
kai\ e)n toi=s e)mbru/ois, th\n au)th\n de\ tau/thn kai\ e)n toi=s telei/ois: eu)logw/teron ga\r h)\ a)/llhn tina/. tau/ths me\n ou)=n koinh/ tis a)reth\ kai\ ou)k a)nqrwpi/nh fai/netai: dokei= ga\r e)n toi=s u(/pnois e)nergei=n ma/lista to\ mo/rion tou=to kai\ h( du/namis au(/th, o( d' a)gaqo\s kai\ kako\s h(/kista dia/dhloi kaq' u(/pnon （o(/qen fasi\n ou)de\n diafe/rein to\ h(/misu tou= bi/ou tou\s eu)dai/monas tw=n a)qli/wn: sumbai/nei de\ tou=to ei)ko/tws: a)rgi/a ga/r e)stin o( u(/pnos th=s yuxh=s h(=| le/getai spoudai/a kai\ fau/lh）, plh\n ei) mh\ kata\ mikro\n kai\ diiknou=ntai/ tines tw=n kinh/sewn, kai\ tau/th| belti/w gi/netai ta\ fanta/smata tw=n e)pieikw=n h)\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn. a)lla\ peri\ me\n tou/twn a(/lis, kai\ to\ qreptiko\n e)ate/on, e)peidh\ th=s a)nqrwpikh=s a)reth=s a)/moiron pe/fuken. e)/oike de\ kai\ a)/llh tis fu/sis th=s yuxh=s a)/logos ei)=nai, mete/xousa me/ntoi ph| lo/gou. tou= ga\r e)gkratou=s kai\ a)kratou=s to\n lo/gon kai\ th=s yuxh=s to\ lo/gon e)/xon e)painou=men: o)rqw=s ga\r kai\ e)pi\ ta\ be/ltista parakalei=: fai/netai d' e)n au)toi=s kai\ a)/llo ti para\ to\n lo/gon pefuko/s, o(\ ma/xetai kai\ a)ntitei/nei tw=| lo/gw|. a)texnw=s ga\r kaqa/per ta\ paralelume/na tou= sw/matos mo/ria ei)s ta\ decia\ proairoume/nwn kinh=sai tou)nanti/on ei)s ta\ a)ristera\ parafe/retai, kai\ e)pi\ th=s yuxh=s ou(/tws: e)pi\ ta)nanti/a ga\r ai( o(rmai\ tw=n a)kratw=n. a)ll' e)n toi=s sw/masi me\n o(rw=men to\ parafero/menon, e)pi\ de\ th=s yuxh=s ou)x o(rw=men. i)/sws d' ou)de\n h(=tton kai\ e)n th=| yuxh=| nomiste/on ei)=nai/ ti para\ to\n lo/gon, e)nantiou/menon tou/tw| kai\ a)ntibai=non. pw=s d' e(/teron, ou)de\n diafe/rei. lo/gou de\ kai\ tou=to fai/netai mete/xein, w(/sper ei)/pomen: peiqarxei= gou=n tw=| lo/gw| to\ tou= e)gkratou=s—e)/ti d' i)/sws eu)hkow/tero/n e)sti to\ tou= sw/fronos kai\ a)ndrei/ou: pa/nta ga\r o(mofwnei= tw=| lo/gw|. fai/netai dh\ kai\ to\ a)/logon ditto/n. to\ me\n ga\r futiko\n ou)damw=s koinwnei= lo/gou, to\ d' e)piqumhtiko\n kai\ o(/lws o)rektiko\n mete/xei pws, h(=| kath/koo/n e)stin au)tou= kai\ peiqarxiko/n: ou(/tw dh\ kai\ tou= patro\s kai\ tw=n fi/lwn fame\n e)/xein lo/gon, kai\ ou)xw(/sper tw=n maqhmatikw=n. o(/ti de\ pei/qetai/ pws u(po\ lo/gou to\ a)/logon, mhnu/ei kai\ h( nouqe/thsis kai\ pa=sa e)piti/mhsi/s te kai\ para/klhsis.
ei) de\ xrh\ kai\ tou=to fa/nai lo/gon e)/xein, ditto\n e)/stai kai\ to\ lo/gon e)/xon, to\ me\n kuri/ws kai\ e)n au(tw=|, to\ d' w(/sper tou= patro\s a)koustiko/n ti. diori/zetai de\ kai\ h( a)reth\ kata\ th\n diafora\n tau/thn: le/gomen ga\r au)tw=n ta\s me\n dianohtika\s ta\s de\ h)qika/s, sofi/an me\n kai\ su/nesin kai\ fro/nhsin dianohtika/s, e)leuqerio/thta de\ kai\ swfrosu/nhn h)qika/s. le/gontes ga\r peri\ tou= h)/qous ou) le/gomen o(/ti sofo\s h)\ suneto\s a)ll' o(/ti pra=os h)\ sw/frwn: e)painou=men de\ kai\ to\n sofo\n kata\ th\n e(/cin: tw=n e(/cewn de\ ta\s e)paineta\s a)reta\s le/gomen.
Book 2
ditth=s dh\ th=s a)reth=s ou)/shs, th=s me\n dianohtikh=s th=s de\ h)qikh=s, h( me\n dianohtikh\ to\ plei=on e)k didaskali/as e)/xei kai\ th\n ge/nesin kai\ th\n au)/chsin, dio/per e)mpeiri/as dei=tai kai\ xro/nou, h( d' h)qikh\ e)c e)/qous perigi/netai, o(/qen kai\ tou)/noma e)/sxhke mikro\n parekkli=non a)po\ tou= e)/qous. e)c ou(= kai\ dh=lon o(/ti ou)demi/a tw=n h)qikw=n a)retw=n fu/sei h(mi=n e)ggi/netai: ou)qe\n ga\r tw=n fu/sei o)/ntwn a)/llws e)qi/zetai, oi(=on o( li/qos fu/sei ka/tw fero/menos ou)k a)\n e)qisqei/h a)/nw fe/resqai, ou)d' a)\n muria/kis au)to\n e)qi/zh| tis a)/nw r(iptw=n, ou)de\ to\ pu=r ka/tw, ou)d' a)/llo ou)de\n tw=n a)/llws pefuko/twn a)/llws a)\n e)qisqei/h. ou)/t' a)/ra fu/sei ou)/te para\ fu/sin e)ggi/nontai ai( a)retai/, a)lla\ pefuko/si me\n h(mi=n de/casqai au)ta/s, teleioume/nois de\ dia\ tou= e)/qous. e)/ti o(/sa me\n fu/sei h(mi=n paragi/netai, ta\s duna/meis tou/twn pro/teron komizo/meqa, u(/steron de\ ta\s e)nergei/as a)podi/domen （o(/per e)pi\ tw=n ai)sqh/sewn dh=lon: ou) ga\r e)k tou= polla/kis i)dei=n h)\ polla/kis a)kou=sai ta\s ai)sqh/seis e)la/bomen, a)ll' a)na/palin e)/xontes e)xrhsa/meqa, ou) xrhsa/menoi e)/sxomen）: ta\s d' a)reta\s lamba/nomen e)nergh/santes pro/teron, w(/sper kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn texnw=n: a(\ ga\r dei= maqo/ntas poiei=n, tau=ta poiou=ntes manqa/nomen, oi(=on oi)kodomou=ntes oi)kodo/moi gi/nontai kai\ kiqari/zontes kiqaristai/:
ou(/tw dh\ kai\ ta\ me\n di/kaia pra/ttontes di/kaioi gino/meqa, ta\ de\ sw/frona sw/frones, ta\ d' a)ndrei=a a)ndrei=oi. marturei= de\ kai\ to\ gino/menon e)n tai=s po/lesin: oi( ga\r nomoqe/tai tou\s poli/tas e)qi/zontes poiou=sin a)gaqou/s, kai\ to\ me\n bou/lhma panto\s nomoqe/tou tou=t' e)sti/n, o(/soi de\ mh\ eu)= au)to\ poiou=sin a(marta/nousin, kai\ diafe/rei tou/tw| politei/a politei/as a)gaqh\ fau/lhs. e)/ti e)k tw=n au)tw=n kai\ dia\ tw=n au)tw=n kai\ gi/netai pa=sa a)reth\ kai\ fqei/retai, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ te/xnh: e)k ga\r tou= kiqari/zein kai\ oi( a)gaqoi\ kai\ kakoi\ gi/nontai kiqaristai/. a)na/logon de\ kai\ oi)kodo/moi kai\ oi( loipoi\ pa/ntes: e)k me\n ga\r tou= eu)= oi)kodomei=n a)gaqoi\ oi)kodo/moi e)/sontai, e)k de\ tou= kakw=s kakoi/. ei) ga\r mh\ ou(/tws ei)=xen, ou)de\n a)\n e)/dei tou= dida/contos, a)lla\ pa/ntes a)\n e)gi/nonto a)gaqoi\ h)\ kakoi/. ou(/tw dh\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)retw=n e)/xei: pra/ttontes ga\r ta\ e)n toi=s sunalla/gmasi toi=s pro\s tou\s a)nqrw/pous gino/meqa oi(\ me\n di/kaioi oi(\ de\ a)/dikoi, pra/ttontes de\ ta\ e)n toi=s deinoi=s kai\ e)qizo/menoi fobei=sqai h)\ qarrei=n oi(\ me\n a)ndrei=oi oi(\ de\ deiloi/. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\ peri\ ta\s e)piqumi/as e)/xei kai\ ta\ peri\ ta\s o)rga/s: oi(\ me\n ga\r sw/frones kai\ pra=oi gi/nontai, oi(\ d' a)ko/lastoi kai\ o)rgi/loi, oi(\ me\n e)k tou= ou(twsi\ e)n au)toi=s a)nastre/fesqai, oi(\ de\ e)k tou= ou(twsi/. kai\ e(ni\ dh\ lo/gw| e)k tw=n o(moi/wn e)nergeiw=n ai( e(/ceis gi/nontai. dio\ dei= ta\s e)nergei/as poia\s a)podido/nai: kata\ ga\r ta\s tou/twn diafora\s a)kolouqou=sin ai( e(/ceis. ou) mikro\n ou)=n diafe/rei to\ ou(/tws h)\ ou(/tws eu)qu\s e)k ne/wn e)qi/zesqai, a)lla\ pa/mpolu, ma=llon de\ to\ pa=n.
e)pei\ ou)=n h( parou=sa pragmatei/a ou) qewri/as e(/neka/ e)stin w(/sper ai( a)/llai （ou) ga\r i(/na ei)dw=men ti/ e)stin h( a)reth\ skepto/meqa, a)ll' i(/n' a)gaqoi\ genw/meqa, e)pei\ ou)de\n a)\n h)=n o)/felos au)th=s）, a)nagkai=on e)piske/yasqai ta\ peri\ ta\s pra/ceis, pw=s prakte/on au)ta/s: au(=tai ga/r ei)si ku/riai kai\ tou= poia\s gene/sqai ta\s e(/ceis, kaqa/per ei)rh/kamen. to\ me\n ou)=n kata\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon pra/ttein koino\n kai\ u(pokei/sqw—r(hqh/setai d' u(/steron peri\ au)tou=, kai\ ti/ e)stin o( o)rqo\s lo/gos, kai\ pw=s e)/xei pro\s ta\s a)/llas a)reta/s.
e)kei=no de\ prodiomologei/sqw, o(/ti pa=s o( peri\ tw=n praktw=n lo/gos tu/pw| kai\ ou)k a)kribw=s o)fei/lei le/gesqai, w(/sper kai\ kat' a)rxa\s ei)/pomen o(/ti kata\ th\n u(/lhn oi( lo/goi a)paithte/oi: ta\ d' e)n tai=s pra/cesi kai\ ta\ sumfe/ronta ou)de\n e(sthko\s e)/xei, w(/sper ou)de\ ta\ u(gieina/. toiou/tou d' o)/ntos tou= kaqo/lou lo/gou, e)/ti ma=llon o( peri\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta lo/gos ou)k e)/xei ta)kribe/s: ou)/te ga\r u(po\ te/xnhn ou)/q' u(po\ paraggeli/an ou)demi/an pi/ptei, dei= d' au)tou\s a)ei\ tou\s pra/ttontas ta\ pro\s to\n kairo\n skopei=n, w(/sper kai\ e)pi\ th=s i)atrikh=s e)/xei kai\ th=s kubernhtikh=s. a)lla\ kai/per o)/ntos toiou/tou tou= paro/ntos lo/gou peirate/on bohqei=n. prw=ton ou)=n tou=to qewrhte/on, o(/ti ta\ toiau=ta pe/fuken u(p' e)ndei/as kai\ u(perbolh=s fqei/resqai, （dei= ga\r u(pe\r tw=n a)fanw=n toi=s faneroi=s marturi/ois xrh=sqai） w(/sper e)pi\ th=s i)sxu/os kai\ th=s u(giei/as o(rw=men: ta/ te ga\r u(perba/llonta gumna/sia kai\ ta\ e)llei/ponta fqei/rei th\n i)sxu/n, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\ pota\ kai\ ta\ siti/a plei/w kai\ e)la/ttw gino/mena fqei/rei th\n u(gi/eian, ta\ de\ su/mmetra kai\ poiei= kai\ au)/cei kai\ sw/|zei. ou(/tws ou)=n kai\ e)pi\ swfrosu/nhs kai\ a)ndrei/as e)/xei kai\ tw=n a)/llwn a)retw=n. o(/ te ga\r pa/nta feu/gwn kai\ fobou/menos kai\ mhde\n u(pome/nwn deilo\s gi/netai, o(/ te mhde\n o(/lws fobou/menos a)lla\ pro\s pa/nta badi/zwn qrasu/s: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ o( me\n pa/shs h(donh=s a)polau/wn kai\ mhdemia=s a)pexo/menos a)ko/lastos, o( de\ pa=san feu/gwn, w(/sper oi( a)/groikoi, a)nai/sqhto/s tis: fqei/retai dh\ swfrosu/nh kai\ h( a)ndrei/a u(po\ th=s u(perbolh=s kai\ th=s e)llei/yews, u(po\ de\ th=s meso/thtos sw/|zetai. a)ll' ou) mo/non ai( gene/seis kai\ au)ch/seis kai\ ai( fqorai\ e)k tw=n au)tw=n kai\ u(po\ tw=n au)tw=n gi/nontai, a)lla\ kai\ ai( e)ne/rgeiai e)n toi=s au)toi=s e)/sontai: kai\ ga\r e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn tw=n fanerwte/rwn ou(/tws e)/xei, oi(=on e)pi\ th=s i)sxu/os: gi/netai ga\r e)k tou= pollh\n trofh\n lamba/nein kai\ pollou\s po/nous u(pome/nein, kai\ ma/lista a)\n du/nait' au)ta\ poiei=n o( i)sxuro/s. ou(/tw d' e)/xei kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)retw=n: e)/k te ga\r tou= a)pe/xesqai tw=n h(donw=n gino/meqa sw/frones, kai\ geno/menoi ma/lista duna/meqa a)pe/xesqai au)tw=n:
o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ th=s a)ndrei/as: e)qizo/menoi ga\r katafronei=n tw=n foberw=n kai\ u(pome/nein au)ta\ gino/meqa a)ndrei=oi, kai\ geno/menoi ma/lista dunhso/meqa u(pome/nein ta\ fobera/. shmei=on de\ dei= poiei=sqai tw=n e(/cewn th\n e)piginome/nhn h(donh\n h)\ lu/phn toi=s e)/rgois: o( me\n ga\r a)pexo/menos tw=n swmatikw=n h(donw=n kai\ au)tw=| tou/tw| xai/rwn sw/frwn, o( d' a)xqo/menos a)ko/lastos, kai\ o( me\n u(pome/nwn ta\ deina\ kai\ xai/rwn h)\ mh\ lupou/meno/s ge a)ndrei=os, o( de\ lupou/menos deilo/s. peri\ h(dona\s ga\r kai\ lu/pas e)sti\n h( h)qikh\ a)reth/: dia\ me\n ga\r th\n h(donh\n ta\ fau=la pra/ttomen, dia\ de\ th\n lu/phn tw=n kalw=n a)pexo/meqa. dio\ dei= h)=xqai/ pws eu)qu\s e)k ne/wn, w(s o( *pla/twn fhsi/n, w(/ste xai/rein te kai\ lupei=sqai oi(=s dei=: h( ga\r o)rqh\ paidei/a au(/th e)sti/n. e)/ti d' ei) ai( a)retai/ ei)si peri\ pra/ceis kai\ pa/qh, panti\ de\ pa/qei kai\ pa/sh| pra/cei e(/petai h(donh\ kai\ lu/ph, kai\ dia\ tou=t' a)\n ei)/h h( a)reth\ peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas. mhnu/ousi de\ kai\ ai( kola/seis gino/menai dia\ tou/twn: i)atrei=ai ga/r tine/s ei)sin, ai( de\ i)atrei=ai dia\ tw=n e)nanti/wn pefu/kasi gi/nesqai. e)/ti, w(s kai\ prw/|hn ei)/pomen, pa=sa yuxh=s e(/cis, u(f' oi(/wn pe/fuke gi/nesqai xei/rwn kai\ belti/wn, pro\s tau=ta kai\ peri\ tau=ta th\n fu/sin e)/xei: di' h(dona\s de\ kai\ lu/pas fau=loi gi/nontai, tw=| diw/kein tau/tas kai\ feu/gein, h)\ a(\s mh\ dei= h)\ o(/te ou) dei= h)\ w(s ou) dei= h)\ o(saxw=s a)/llws u(po\ tou= lo/gou diori/zetai ta\ toiau=ta. dio\ kai\ o(ri/zontai ta\s a)reta\s a)paqei/as tina\s kai\ h)remi/as: ou)k eu)= de/, o(/ti a(plw=s le/gousin, a)ll' ou)x w(s dei= kai\ w(s ou) dei= kai\ o(/te, kai\ o(/sa a)/lla prosti/qetai. u(po/keitai a)/ra h( a)reth\ ei)=nai h( toiau/th peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas tw=n belti/stwn praktikh/, h( de\ kaki/a tou)nanti/on. ge/noito d' a)\n h(mi=n kai\ e)k tou/twn fanero\n o(/ti peri\ tw=n au)tw=n. triw=n ga\r o)/ntwn tw=n ei)s ta\s ai(re/seis kai\ triw=n tw=n ei)s ta\s fuga/s, kalou= sumfe/rontos h(de/os, kai\ triw=n tw=n e)nanti/wn, ai)sxrou= blaberou= luphrou=, peri\ tau=ta me\n pa/nta o( a)gaqo\s katorqwtiko/s e)stin o( de\ kako\s a(marthtiko/s, ma/lista de\ peri\ th\n h(donh/n: koinh/ te ga\r au(/th toi=s zw/|ois, kai\ pa=si toi=s u(po\ th\n ai(/resin parakolouqei=:
kai\ ga\r to\ kalo\n kai\ to\ sumfe/ron h(du\ fai/netai. e)/ti d' e)k nhpi/ou pa=sin h(mi=n sunte/qraptai: dio\ xalepo\n a)potri/yasqai tou=to to\ pa/qos e)gkexrwsme/non tw=| bi/w|. kanoni/zomen de\ kai\ ta\s pra/ceis, oi(\ me\n ma=llon oi(\ d' h(=tton, h(donh=| kai\ lu/ph|. dia\ tou=t' ou)=n a)nagkai=on ei)=nai peri\ tau=ta th\n pa=san pragmatei/an: ou) ga\r mikro\n ei)s ta\s pra/ceis eu)= h)\ kakw=s xai/rein kai\ lupei=sqai. e)/ti de\ xalepw/teron h(donh=| ma/xesqai h)\ qumw=|, kaqa/per fhsi\n *(hra/kleitos, peri\ de\ to\ xalepw/teron a)ei\ kai\ te/xnh gi/netai kai\ a)reth/: kai\ ga\r to\ eu)= be/ltion e)n tou/tw|. w(/ste kai\ dia\ tou=to peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas pa=sa h( pragmatei/a kai\ th=| a)reth=| kai\ th=| politikh=|: o( me\n ga\r eu)= tou/tois xrw/menos a)gaqo\s e)/stai, o( de\ kakw=s kako/s. o(/ti me\n ou)=n e)sti\n h( a)reth\ peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas, kai\ o(/ti e)c w(=n gi/netai, u(po\ tou/twn kai\ au)/cetai kai\ fqei/retai mh\ w(sau/tws ginome/nwn, kai\ o(/ti e)c w(=n e)ge/neto, peri\ tau=ta kai\ e)nergei=, ei)rh/sqw.
a)porh/seie d' a)/n tis pw=s le/gomen o(/ti dei= ta\ me\n di/kaia pra/ttontas dikai/ous gi/nesqai, ta\ de\ sw/frona sw/fronas: ei) ga\r pra/ttousi ta\ di/kaia kai\ sw/frona, h)/dh ei)si\ di/kaioi kai\ sw/frones, w(/sper ei) ta\ grammatika\ kai\ ta\ mousika/, grammatikoi\ kai\ mousikoi/. h)\ ou)d' e)pi\ tw=n texnw=n ou(/tws e)/xei; e)nde/xetai ga\r grammatiko/n ti poih=sai kai\ a)po\ tu/xhs kai\ a)/llou u(poqeme/nou. to/te ou)=n e)/stai grammatiko/s, e)a\n kai\ grammatiko/n ti poih/sh| kai\ grammatikw=s: tou=to d' e)sti\ to\ kata\ th\n e)n au(tw=| grammatikh/n. e)/ti ou)d' o(/moio/n e)stin e)pi/ te tw=n texnw=n kai\ tw=n a)retw=n: ta\ me\n ga\r u(po\ tw=n texnw=n gino/mena to\ eu)= e)/xei e)n au(toi=s: a)rkei= ou)=n tau=ta/ pws e)/xonta gene/sqai: ta\ de\ kata\ ta\s a)reta\s gino/mena ou)k e)a\n au)ta/ pws e)/xh|, dikai/ws h)\ swfro/nws pra/ttetai, a)lla\ kai\ e)a\n o( pra/ttwn pw=s e)/xwn pra/tth|, prw=ton me\n e)a\n ei)dw/s, e)/peit' e)a\n proairou/menos, kai\ proairou/menos di' au)ta/, to\ de\ tri/ton e)a\n kai\ bebai/ws kai\ a)metakinh/tws e)/xwn pra/tth|.
tau=ta de\ pro\s me\n to\ ta\s a)/llas te/xnas e)/xein ou) sunariqmei=tai, plh\n au)to\ to\ ei)de/nai: pro\s de\ to\ ta\s a)reta\s to\ me\n ei)de/nai ou)de\n h)\ mikro\n i)sxu/ei, ta\ d' a)/lla ou) mikro\n a)lla\ to\ pa=n du/natai, a(/per e)k tou= polla/kis pra/ttein ta\ di/kaia kai\ sw/frona perigi/netai. ta\ me\n ou)=n pra/gmata di/kaia kai\ sw/frona le/getai, o(/tan h)=| toiau=ta oi(=a a)\n o( di/kaios h)\ o( sw/frwn pra/ceien: di/kaios de\ kai\ sw/frwn e)sti\n ou)x o( tau=ta pra/ttwn, a)lla\ kai\ o( ou(/tw pra/ttwn w(s oi( di/kaioi kai\ sw/frones pra/ttousin. eu)= ou)=n le/getai o(/ti e)k tou= ta\ di/kaia pra/ttein o( di/kaios gi/netai kai\ e)k tou= ta\ sw/frona o( sw/frwn: e)k de\ tou= mh\ pra/ttein tau=ta ou)dei\s a)\n ou)de\ mellh/seie gi/nesqai a)gaqo/s. a)ll' oi( polloi\ tau=ta me\n ou) pra/ttousin, e)pi\ de\ to\n lo/gon katafeu/gontes oi)/ontai filosofei=n kai\ ou(/tws e)/sesqai spoudai=oi, o(/moio/n ti poiou=ntes toi=s ka/mnousin, oi(\ tw=n i)atrw=n a)kou/ousi me\n e)pimelw=s, poiou=si d' ou)de\n tw=n prostattome/nwn. w(/sper ou)=n ou)d' e)kei=noi eu)= e(/cousi to\ sw=ma ou(/tw qerapeuo/menoi, ou)d' ou(=toi th\n yuxh\n ou(/tw filosofou=ntes.
meta\ de\ tau=ta ti/ e)stin h( a)reth\ skepte/on. e)pei\ ou)=n ta\ e)n th=| yuxh=| gino/mena tri/a e)sti/, pa/qh duna/meis e(/ceis, tou/twn a)/n ti ei)/h h( a)reth/. le/gw de\ pa/qh me\n e)piqumi/an o)rgh\n fo/bon qa/rsos fqo/non xara\n fili/an mi=sos po/qon zh=lon e)/leon, o(/lws oi(=s e(/petai h(donh\ h)\ lu/ph: duna/meis de\ kaq' a(\s paqhtikoi\ tou/twn lego/meqa, oi(=on kaq' a(\s dunatoi\ o)rgisqh=nai h)\ luphqh=nai h)\ e)leh=sai: e(/ceis de\ kaq' a(\s pro\s ta\ pa/qh e)/xomen eu)= h)\ kakw=s, oi(=on pro\s to\ o)rgisqh=nai, ei) me\n sfodrw=s h)\ a)neime/nws, kakw=s e)/xomen, ei) de\ me/sws, eu)=: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ pro\s ta)=lla. pa/qh me\n ou)=n ou)k ei)si\n ou)/q' ai( a)retai\ ou)/q' ai( kaki/ai, o(/ti ou) lego/meqa kata\ ta\ pa/qh spoudai=oi h)\ fau=loi, kata\ de\ ta\s a)reta\s kai\ ta\s kaki/as lego/meqa, kai\ o(/ti kata\ me\n ta\ pa/qh ou)/t' e)painou/meqa ou)/te yego/meqa （ou) ga\r e)painei=tai o( fobou/menos ou)de\ o( o)rgizo/menos, ou)de\ ye/getai o( a(plw=s o)rgizo/menos a)ll' o( pw=s）,
kata\ de\ ta\s a)reta\s kai\ ta\s kaki/as e)painou/meqa h)\ yego/meqa. e)/ti o)rgizo/meqa me\n kai\ fobou/meqa a)proaire/tws, ai( d' a)retai\ proaire/seis tine\s h)\ ou)k a)/neu proaire/sews. pro\s de\ tou/tois kata\ me\n ta\ pa/qh kinei=sqai lego/meqa, kata\ de\ ta\s a)reta\s kai\ ta\s kaki/as ou) kinei=sqai a)lla\ diakei=sqai/ pws. dia\ tau=ta de\ ou)de\ duna/meis ei)si/n: ou)/te ga\r a)gaqoi\ lego/meqa tw=| du/nasqai pa/sxein a(plw=s ou)/te kakoi/, ou)/t' e)painou/meqa ou)/te yego/meqa: e)/ti dunatoi\ me/n e)smen fu/sei, a)gaqoi\ de\ h)\ kakoi\ ou) gino/meqa fu/sei: ei)/pomen de\ peri\ tou/tou pro/teron. ei) ou)=n mh/te pa/qh ei)si\n ai( a)retai\ mh/te duna/meis, lei/petai e(/ceis au)ta\s ei)=nai. o(/ ti me\n ou)=n e)sti\ tw=| ge/nei h( a)reth/, ei)/rhtai.
dei= de\ mh\ mo/non ou(/tws ei)pei=n, o(/ti e(/cis, a)lla\ kai\ poi/a tis. r(hte/on ou)=n o(/ti pa=sa a)reth/, ou(= a)\n h)=| a)reth/, au)to/ te eu)= e)/xon a)potelei= kai\ to\ e)/rgon au)tou= eu)= a)podi/dwsin, oi(=on h( tou= o)fqalmou= a)reth\ to/n te o)fqalmo\n spoudai=on poiei= kai\ to\ e)/rgon au)tou=: th=| ga\r tou= o)fqalmou= a)reth=| eu)= o(rw=men. o(moi/ws h( tou= i(/ppou a)reth\ i(/ppon te spoudai=on poiei= kai\ a)gaqo\n dramei=n kai\ e)negkei=n to\n e)piba/thn kai\ mei=nai tou\s polemi/ous. ei) dh\ tou=t' e)pi\ pa/ntwn ou(/tws e)/xei, kai\ h( tou= a)nqrw/pou a)reth\ ei)/h a)\n h( e(/cis a)f' h(=s a)gaqo\s a)/nqrwpos gi/netai kai\ a)f' h(=s eu)= to\ e(autou= e)/rgon a)podw/sei. pw=s de\ tou=t' e)/stai, h)/dh me\n ei)rh/kamen, e)/ti de\ kai\ w(=d' e)/stai fanero/n, e)a\n qewrh/swmen poi/a ti/s e)stin h( fu/sis au)th=s. e)n panti\ dh\ sunexei= kai\ diairetw=| e)/sti labei=n to\ me\n plei=on to\ d' e)/latton to\ d' i)/son, kai\ tau=ta h)\ kat' au)to\ to\ pra=gma h)\ pro\s h(ma=s: to\ d' i)/son me/son ti u(perbolh=s kai\ e)llei/yews. le/gw de\ tou= me\n pra/gmatos me/son to\ i)/son a)pe/xon a)f' e(kate/rou tw=n a)/krwn, o(/per e)sti\n e(\n kai\ to\ au)to\ pa=sin, pro\s h(ma=s de\ o(\ mh/te pleona/zei mh/te e)llei/pei: tou=to d' ou)x e(/n, ou)de\ tau)to\n pa=sin. oi(=on ei) ta\ de/ka polla\ ta\ de\ du/o o)li/ga, ta\ e(\c me/sa lamba/nousi kata\ to\ pra=gma: i)/sw| ga\r u(pere/xei te kai\ u(pere/xetai: tou=to de\ me/son e)sti\ kata\ th\n a)riqmhtikh\n a)nalogi/an. to\ de\ pro\s h(ma=s ou)x ou(/tw lhpte/on:
ou) ga\r ei)/ tw| de/ka mnai= fagei=n polu\ du/o de\ o)li/gon, o( a)lei/pths e(\c mna=s prosta/cei: e)/sti ga\r i)/sws kai\ tou=to polu\ tw=| lhyome/nw| h)\ o)li/gon: *mi/lwni me\n ga\r o)li/gon, tw=| de\ a)rxome/nw| tw=n gumnasi/wn polu/. o(moi/ws e)pi\ dro/mou kai\ pa/lhs. ou(/tw dh\ pa=s e)pisth/mwn th\n u(perbolh\n me\n kai\ th\n e)/lleiyin feu/gei, to\ de\ me/son zhtei= kai\ tou=q' ai(rei=tai, me/son de\ ou) to\ tou= pra/gmatos a)lla\ to\ pro\s h(ma=s. ei) dh\ pa=sa e)pisth/mh ou(/tw to\ e)/rgon eu)= e)pitelei=, pro\s to\ me/son ble/pousa kai\ ei)s tou=to a)/gousa ta\ e)/rga （o(/qen ei)w/qasin e)pile/gein toi=s eu)= e)/xousin e)/rgois o(/ti ou)/t' a)felei=n e)/stin ou)/te prosqei=nai, w(s th=s me\n u(perbolh=s kai\ th=s e)llei/yews fqeirou/shs to\ eu)=, th=s de\ meso/thtos sw|zou/shs, oi( d' a)gaqoi\ texni=tai, w(s le/gomen, pro\s tou=to ble/pontes e)rga/zontai）: h( d' a)reth\ pa/shs te/xnhs a)kribeste/ra kai\ a)mei/nwn e)sti\n w(/sper kai\ h( fu/sis, tou= me/sou a)\n ei)/h stoxastikh/. le/gw de\ th\n h)qikh/n: au(/th ga/r e)sti peri\ pa/qh kai\ pra/ceis, e)n de\ tou/tois e)/stin u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis kai\ to\ me/son. oi(=on kai\ fobhqh=nai kai\ qarrh=sai kai\ e)piqumh=sai kai\ o)rgisqh=nai kai\ e)leh=sai kai\ o(/lws h(sqh=nai kai\ luphqh=nai e)/sti kai\ ma=llon kai\ h(=tton, kai\ a)mfo/tera ou)k eu)=: to\ d' o(/te dei= kai\ e)f' oi(=s kai\ pro\s ou(\s kai\ ou(= e(/neka kai\ w(s dei=, me/son te kai\ a)/riston, o(/per e)sti\ th=s a)reth=s. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ ta\s pra/ceis e)/stin u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis kai\ to\ me/son. h( d' a)reth\ peri\ pa/qh kai\ pra/ceis e)sti/n, e)n oi(=s h( me\n u(perbolh\ a(marta/netai kai\ h( e)/lleiyis ye/getai, to\ de\ me/son e)painei=tai kai\ katorqou=tai: tau=ta d' a)/mfw th=s a)reth=s. meso/ths tis a)/ra e)sti\n h( a)reth/, stoxastikh/ ge ou)=sa tou= me/sou. e)/ti to\ me\n a(marta/nein pollaxw=s e)/stin （to\ ga\r kako\n tou= a)pei/rou, w(s oi( *puqago/reioi ei)/kazon, to\ d' a)gaqo\n tou= peperasme/nou）, to\ de\ katorqou=n monaxw=s （dio\ kai\ to\ me\n r(a/|dion to\ de\ xalepo/n, r(a/|dion me\n to\ a)potuxei=n tou= skopou=, xalepo\n de\ to\ e)pituxei=n）: kai\ dia\ tau=t' ou)=n th=s me\n kaki/as h( u(perbolh\ kai\ h( e)/lleiyis, th=s d' a)reth=s h( meso/ths:e)sqloi\ me\n ga\r a(plw=s, pantodapw=s de\ kakoi/.
Anon.
e)/stin a)/ra h( a)reth\ e(/cis proairetikh/, e)n meso/thti ou)=sa th=| pro\s h(ma=s,
w(risme/nh| lo/gw| kai\ w(=| a)\n o( fro/nimos o(ri/seien. meso/ths de\ du/o kakiw=n, th=s me\n kaq' u(perbolh\n th=s de\ kat' e)/lleiyin: kai\ e)/ti tw=| ta\s me\n e)llei/pein ta\s d' u(perba/llein tou= de/ontos e)/n te toi=s pa/qesi kai\ e)n tai=s pra/cesi, th\n d' a)reth\n to\ me/son kai\ eu(ri/skein kai\ ai(rei=sqai. dio\ kata\ me\n th\n ou)si/an kai\ to\n lo/gon to\n to\ ti/ h)=n ei)=nai le/gonta meso/ths e)sti\n h( a)reth/, kata\ de\ to\ a)/riston kai\ to\ eu)= a)kro/ths. ou) pa=sa d' e)pide/xetai pra=cis ou)de\ pa=n pa/qos th\n meso/thta: e)/nia ga\r eu)qu\s w)no/mastai suneilhmme/na meta\ th=s faulo/thtos, oi(=on e)pixairekaki/a a)naisxunti/a fqo/nos, kai\ e)pi\ tw=n pra/cewn moixei/a kloph\ a)ndrofoni/a: pa/nta ga\r tau=ta kai\ ta\ toiau=ta le/getai tw=| au)ta\ fau=la ei)=nai, a)ll' ou)x ai( u(perbolai\ au)tw=n ou)d' ai( e)llei/yeis. ou)k e)/stin ou)=n ou)de/pote peri\ au)ta\ katorqou=n, a)ll' a)ei\ a(marta/nein: ou)d' e)/sti to\ eu)= h)\ mh\ eu)= peri\ ta\ toiau=ta e)n tw=| h(\n dei= kai\ o(/te kai\ w(s moixeu/ein, a)ll' a(plw=s to\ poiei=n o(tiou=n tou/twn a(marta/nein e)sti/n. o(/moion ou)=n to\ a)ciou=n kai\ peri\ to\ a)dikei=n kai\ deilai/nein kai\ a)kolastai/nein ei)=nai meso/thta kai\ u(perbolh\n kai\ e)/lleiyin: e)/stai ga\r ou(/tw ge u(perbolh=s kai\ e)llei/yews meso/ths kai\ u(perbolh=s u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis e)llei/yews. w(/sper de\ swfrosu/nhs kai\ a)ndrei/as ou)k e)/stin u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis dia\ to\ to\ me/son ei)=nai/ pws a)/kron, ou(/tws ou)d' e)kei/nwn meso/ths ou)d' u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis, a)ll' w(s a)\n pra/tthtai a(marta/netai: o(/lws ga\r ou)/q' u(perbolh=s kai\ e)llei/yews meso/ths e)/stin, ou)/te meso/thtos u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis.
dei= de\ tou=to mh\ mo/non kaqo/lou le/gesqai, a)lla\ kai\ toi=s kaq' e(/kasta e)farmo/ttein. e)n ga\r toi=s peri\ ta\s pra/ceis lo/gois oi( me\n kaqo/lou koino/teroi/ ei)sin, oi( d' e)pi\ me/rous a)lhqinw/teroi: peri\ ga\r ta\ kaq' e(/kasta ai( pra/ceis, de/on d' e)pi\ tou/twn sumfwnei=n. lhpte/on ou)=n tau=ta e)k th=s diagrafh=s. peri\ me\n ou)=n fo/bous kai\ qa/rrh a)ndrei/a meso/ths:
tw=n d' u(perballo/ntwn o( me\n th=| a)fobi/a| a)nw/numos （polla\ d' e)sti\n a)nw/numa）, o( d' e)n tw=| qarrei=n u(perba/llwn qrasu/s, o( d' e)n tw=| me\n fobei=sqai u(perba/llwn tw=| de\ qarrei=n e)llei/pwn deilo/s. peri\ h(dona\s de\ kai\ lu/pas—ou) pa/sas, h(=tton de\ †kai\† peri\ ta\s lu/pas—meso/ths me\n swfrosu/nh, u(perbolh\ de\ a)kolasi/a. e)llei/pontes de\ peri\ ta\s h(dona\s ou) pa/nu gi/nontai: dio/per ou)d' o)no/matos tetuxh/kasin ou)d' oi( toiou=toi, e)/stwsan de\ a)nai/sqhtoi. peri\ de\ do/sin xrhma/twn kai\ lh=yin meso/ths me\n e)leuqerio/ths, u(perbolh\ de\ kai\ e)/lleiyis a)swti/a kai\ a)neleuqeri/a. e)nanti/ws d' e)n au)tai=s u(perba/llousi kai\ e)llei/pousin: o( me\n ga\r a)/swtos e)n me\n proe/sei u(perba/llei e)n de\ lh/yei e)llei/pei, o( d' a)neleu/qeros e)n me\n lh/yei u(perba/llei e)n de\ proe/sei e)llei/pei. nu=n me\n ou)=n tu/pw| kai\ e)pi\ kefalai/ou le/gomen, a)rkou/menoi au)tw=| tou/tw|: u(/steron de\ a)kribe/steron peri\ au)tw=n diorisqh/setai. peri\ de\ xrh/mata kai\ a)/llai diaqe/seis ei)si/, meso/ths me\n megalopre/peia （o( ga\r megalopreph\s diafe/rei e)leuqeri/ou: o(\ me\n ga\r peri\ mega/la, o(\ de\ peri\ mikra/）, u(perbolh\ de\ a)peirokali/a kai\ banausi/a, e)/lleiyis de\ mikropre/peia: diafe/rousi d' au(=tai tw=n peri\ th\n e)leuqerio/thta, ph=| de\ diafe/rousin, u(/steron r(hqh/setai. peri\ de\ timh\n kai\ a)timi/an meso/ths me\n megaloyuxi/a, u(perbolh\ de\ xauno/ths tis legome/nh, e)/lleiyis de\ mikroyuxi/a: w(s d' e)le/gomen e)/xein pro\s th\n megalopre/peian th\n e)leuqerio/thta, tw=| peri\ mikra\ diafe/rousan, ou(/tws e)/xei tis kai\ pro\s th\n megaloyuxi/an, peri\ timh\n ou)=san mega/lhn, au)th\ peri\ mikra\n ou)=sa: e)/sti ga\r w(s dei= o)re/gesqai timh=s kai\ ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ h(=tton, le/getai d' o( me\n u(perba/llwn tai=s o)re/cesi filo/timos, o( d' e)llei/pwn a)filo/timos, o( de\ me/sos a)nw/numos. a)nw/numoi de\ kai\ ai( diaqe/seis, plh\n h( tou= filoti/mou filotimi/a. o(/qen e)pidika/zontai oi( a)/kroi th=s me/shs xw/ras: kai\ h(mei=s de\ e)/sti me\n o(/te to\n me/son filo/timon kalou=men e)/sti d' o(/te a)filo/timon,
kai\ e)/sti me\n o(/te e)painou=men to\n filo/timon e)/sti d' o(/te to\n a)filo/timon. dia\ ti/na d' ai)ti/an tou=to poiou=men, e)n toi=s e(ch=s r(hqh/setai: nu=n de\ peri\ tw=n loipw=n le/gwmen kata\ to\n u(fhghme/non tro/pon. e)/sti de\ kai\ peri\ th\n o)rgh\n u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis kai\ meso/ths, sxedo\n de\ a)nwnu/mwn o)/ntwn au)tw=n to\n me/son pra=on le/gontes th\n meso/thta prao/thta kale/swmen: tw=n d' a)/krwn o( me\n u(perba/llwn o)rgi/los e)/stw, h( de\ kaki/a o)rgilo/ths, o( d' e)llei/pwn a)o/rghto/s tis, h( d' e)/lleiyis a)orghsi/a. ei)si\ de\ kai\ a)/llai trei=s meso/thtes, e)/xousai me/n tina o(moio/thta pro\s a)llh/las, diafe/rousai d' a)llh/lwn: pa=sai me\n ga/r ei)si peri\ lo/gwn kai\ pra/cewn koinwni/an, diafe/rousi de\ o(/ti h(\ me/n e)sti peri\ ta)lhqe\s to\ e)n au)toi=s, ai(\ de\ peri\ to\ h(du/: tou/tou de\ to\ me\n e)n paidia=| to\ d' e)n pa=si toi=s kata\ to\n bi/on. r(hte/on ou)=n kai\ peri\ tou/twn, i(/na ma=llon kati/dwmen o(/ti e)n pa=sin h( meso/ths e)paineto/n, ta\ d' a)/kra ou)/t' e)paineta\ ou)/t' o)rqa\ a)lla\ yekta/. ei)si\ me\n ou)=n kai\ tou/twn ta\ plei/w a)nw/numa, peirate/on d', w(/sper kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn, au)tou\s o)nomatopoiei=n safhnei/as e(/neka kai\ tou= eu)parakolouqh/tou. peri\ me\n ou)=n to\ a)lhqe\s o( me\n me/sos a)lhqh/s tis kai\ h( meso/ths a)lh/qeia lege/sqw, h( de\ prospoi/hsis h( me\n e)pi\ to\ mei=zon a)lazonei/a kai\ o( e)/xwn au)th\n a)lazw/n, h( d' e)pi\ to\ e)/latton ei)rwnei/a kai\ ei)/rwn o( e)/xwn. peri\ de\ to\ h(du\ to\ me\n e)n paidia=| o( me\n me/sos eu)tra/pelos kai\ h( dia/qesis eu)trapeli/a, h( d' u(perbolh\ bwmoloxi/a kai\ o( e)/xwn au)th\n bwmolo/xos, o( d' e)llei/pwn a)/groiko/s tis kai\ h( e(/cis a)groiki/a: peri\ de\ to\ loipo\n h(du\ to\ e)n tw=| bi/w| o( me\n w(s dei= h(du\s w)\n fi/los kai\ h( meso/ths fili/a, o( d' u(perba/llwn, ei) me\n ou)deno\s e(/neka, a)/reskos, ei) d' w)felei/as th=s au(tou=, ko/lac, o( d' e)llei/pwn kai\ e)n pa=sin a)hdh\s du/seri/s tis kai\ du/skolos. ei)si\ de\ kai\ e)n toi=s paqh/masi kai\ peri\ ta\ pa/qh meso/thtes: h( ga\r ai)dw\s a)reth\ me\n ou)k e)/stin, e)painei=tai de\ kai\ o( ai)dh/mwn. kai\ ga\r e)n tou/tois o(\ me\n le/getai me/sos, o(\ d' u(perba/llwn, w(s o( kataplh\c o( pa/nta ai)dou/menos: o( d' e)llei/pwn h)\ mhde\n o(/lws a)nai/sxuntos, o( de\ me/sos ai)dh/mwn.
ne/mesis de\ meso/ths fqo/nou kai\ e)pixairekaki/as, ei)si\ de\ peri\ lu/phn kai\ h(donh\n ta\s e)pi\ toi=s sumbai/nousi toi=s pe/las ginome/nas: o( me\n ga\r nemeshtiko\s lupei=tai e)pi\ toi=s a)naci/ws eu)= pra/ttousin, o( de\ fqonero\s u(perba/llwn tou=ton e)pi\ pa=si lupei=tai, o( d' e)pixaire/kakos tosou=ton e)llei/pei tou= lupei=sqai w(/ste kai\ xai/rein. a)lla\ peri\ me\n tou/twn kai\ a)/lloqi kairo\s e)/stai: peri\ de\ dikaiosu/nhs, e)pei\ ou)x a(plw=s le/getai, meta\ tau=ta dielo/menoi peri\ e(kate/ras e)rou=men pw=s meso/thte/s ei)sin: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ tw=n logikw=n a)retw=n.
triw=n dh\ diaqe/sewn ou)sw=n, du/o me\n kakiw=n, th=s me\n kaq' u(perbolh\n th=s de\ kat' e)/lleiyin, mia=s d' a)reth=s th=s meso/thtos, pa=sai pa/sais a)nti/keintai/ pws: ai( me\n ga\r a)/krai kai\ th=| me/sh| kai\ a)llh/lais e)nanti/ai ei)si/n, h( de\ me/sh tai=s a)/krais: w(/sper ga\r to\ i)/son pro\s me\n to\ e)/latton mei=zon pro\s de\ to\ mei=zon e)/latton, ou(/tws ai( me/sai e(/ceis pro\s me\n ta\s e)llei/yeis u(perba/llousi pro\s de\ ta\s u(perbola\s e)llei/pousin e)/n te toi=s pa/qesi kai\ tai=s pra/cesin. o( ga\r a)ndrei=os pro\s me\n to\n deilo\n qrasu\s fai/netai, pro\s de\ to\n qrasu\n deilo/s: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ o( sw/frwn pro\s me\n to\n a)nai/sqhton a)ko/lastos, pro\s de\ to\n a)ko/laston a)nai/sqhtos, o( d' e)leuqe/rios pro\s me\n to\n a)neleu/qeron a)/swtos, pro\s de\ to\n a)/swton a)neleu/qeros. dio\ kai\ a)pwqou=ntai to\n me/son oi( a)/kroi e(ka/teros pro\s e(ka/teron, kai\ kalou=si to\n a)ndrei=on o( me\n deilo\s qrasu\n o( de\ qrasu\s deilo/n, kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn a)na/logon. ou(/tw d' a)ntikeime/nwn a)llh/lois tou/twn, plei/sth e)nantio/ths e)sti\ toi=s a)/krois pro\s a)/llhla h)\ pro\s to\ me/son: porrwte/rw ga\r tau=ta a)fe/sthken a)llh/lwn h)\ tou= me/sou, w(/sper to\ me/ga tou= mikrou= kai\ to\ mikro\n tou= mega/lou h)\ a)/mfw tou= i)/sou. e)/ti pro\s me\n to\ me/son e)ni/ois a)/krois o(moio/ths tis fai/netai, w(s th=| qrasu/thti pro\s th\n a)ndrei/an kai\ th=| a)swti/a| pro\s th\n e)leuqerio/thta: toi=s de\ a)/krois pro\s a)/llhla plei/sth a)nomoio/ths: ta\ de\ plei=ston a)pe/xonta a)p' a)llh/lwn e)nanti/a o(ri/zontai, w(/ste kai\ ma=llon e)nanti/a ta\ plei=on a)pe/xonta. pro\s de\ to\ me/son
a)nti/keitai ma=llon e)f' w(=n me\n h( e)/lleiyis e)f' w(=n de\ h( u(perbolh/, oi(=on a)ndrei/a| me\n ou)x h( qrasu/ths u(perbolh\ ou)=sa, a)ll' h( deili/a e)/lleiyis ou)=sa, th=| de\ swfrosu/nh| ou)x h( a)naisqhsi/a e)/ndeia ou)=sa, a)ll' h( a)kolasi/a u(perbolh\ ou)=sa. dia\ du/o d' ai)ti/as tou=to sumbai/nei, mi/an me\n th\n e)c au)tou= tou= pra/gmatos: tw=| ga\r e)ggu/teron ei)=nai kai\ o(moio/teron to\ e(/teron a)/kron tw=| me/sw|, ou) tou=to a)lla\ tou)nanti/on a)ntiti/qemen ma=llon: oi(=on e)pei\ o(moio/teron ei)=nai dokei= th=| a)ndrei/a| h( qrasu/ths kai\ e)ggu/teron, a)nomoio/teron d' h( deili/a, tau/thn ma=llon a)ntiti/qemen: ta\ ga\r a)pe/xonta plei=on tou= me/sou e)nantiw/tera dokei= ei)=nai. mi/a me\n ou)=n ai)ti/a au(/th, e)c au)tou= tou= pra/gmatos: e(te/ra de\ e)c h(mw=n au)tw=n: pro\s a(\ ga\r au)toi\ ma=llon pefu/kame/n pws, tau=ta ma=llon e)nanti/a tw=| me/sw| fai/netai. oi(=on au)toi\ ma=llon pefu/kamen pro\s ta\s h(dona/s, dio\ eu)kataforw/teroi/ e)smen pro\s a)kolasi/an h)\ pro\s kosmio/thta. tau=t' ou)=n ma=llon e)nanti/a le/gomen, pro\s a(\ h( e)pi/dosis ma=llon gi/netai: kai\ dia\ tou=to h( a)kolasi/a u(perbolh\ ou)=sa e)nantiwte/ra e)sti\ th=| swfrosu/nh|.
o(/ti me\n ou)=n e)sti\n h( a)reth\ h( h)qikh\ meso/ths, kai\ pw=s, kai\ o(/ti meso/ths du/o kakiw=n, th=s me\n kaq' u(perbolh\n th=s de\ kat' e)/lleiyin, kai\ o(/ti toiau/th e)sti\ dia\ to\ stoxastikh\ tou= me/sou ei)=nai tou= e)n toi=s pa/qesi kai\ e)n tai=s pra/cesin, i(kanw=s ei)/rhtai. dio\ kai\ e)/rgon e)sti\ spoudai=on ei)=nai. e)n e(ka/stw| ga\r to\ me/son labei=n e)/rgon, oi(=on ku/klou to\ me/son ou) panto\s a)lla\ tou= ei)do/tos: ou(/tw de\ kai\ to\ me\n o)rgisqh=nai panto\s kai\ r(a/|dion, kai\ to\ dou=nai a)rgu/rion kai\ dapanh=sai: to\ d' w(=| kai\ o(/son kai\ o(/te kai\ ou(= e(/neka kai\ w(/s, ou)ke/ti panto\s ou)de\ r(a/|dion: dio/per to\ eu)= kai\ spa/nion kai\ e)paineto\n kai\ kalo/n. dio\ dei= to\n stoxazo/menon tou= me/sou prw=ton me\n a)poxwrei=n tou= ma=llon e)nanti/ou, kaqa/per kai\ h( *kaluyw\ parainei= tou/tou me\n kapnou= kai\ ku/matos e)kto\s e)/ergenh=a.
Hom. Od. 12.219 tw=n ga\r a)/krwn to\ me/n e)stin a(martwlo/teron to\ d' h(=tton: e)pei\ ou)=n tou= me/sou tuxei=n a)/krws xalepo/n, kata\ to\n deu/teron, fasi/, plou=n ta\ e)la/xista lhpte/on tw=n kakw=n: tou=to d' e)/stai ma/lista tou=ton to\n tro/pon o(\n le/gomen.
skopei=n de\ dei= pro\s a(\ kai\ au)toi\ eu)kata/foroi/ e)smen: a)/lloi ga\r pro\s a)/lla pefu/kamen: tou=to d' e)/stai gnw/rimon e)k th=s h(donh=s kai\ th=s lu/phs th=s ginome/nhs peri\ h(ma=s. ei)s tou)nanti/on d' e(autou\s a)fe/lkein dei=: polu\ ga\r a)pa/gontes tou= a(marta/nein ei)s to\ me/son h(/comen, o(/per oi( ta\ diestramme/na tw=n cu/lwn o)rqou=ntes poiou=sin. e)n panti\ de\ ma/lista fulakte/on to\ h(du\ kai\ th\n h(donh/n: ou) ga\r a)de/kastoi kri/nomen au)th/n. o(/per ou)=n oi( dhmoge/rontes e)/paqon pro\s th\n *(ele/nhn, tou=to dei= paqei=n kai\ h(ma=s pro\s th\n h(donh/n, kai\ e)n pa=si th\n e)kei/nwn e)pile/gein fwnh/n: ou(/tw ga\r au)th\n a)popempo/menoi h(=tton a(marthso/meqa. tau=t' ou)=n poiou=ntes, w(s e)n kefalai/w| ei)pei=n, ma/lista dunhso/meqa tou= me/sou tugxa/nein. xalepo\n d' i)/sws tou=to, kai\ ma/list' e)n toi=s kaq' e(/kaston: ou) ga\r r(a/|dion diori/sai kai\ pw=s kai\ ti/si kai\ e)pi\ poi/ois kai\ po/son xro/non o)rgiste/on: kai\ ga\r h(mei=s o(te\ me\n tou\s e)llei/pontas e)painou=men kai\ pra/ous fame/n, o(te\ de\ tou\s xalepai/nontas a)ndrw/deis a)pokalou=ntes. a)ll' o( me\n mikro\n tou= eu)= parekbai/nwn ou) ye/getai, ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ ma=llon ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ h(=tton, o( de\ ple/on: ou(=tos ga\r ou) lanqa/nei. o( de\ me/xri ti/nos kai\ e)pi\ po/son yekto\s ou) r(a/|dion tw=| lo/gw| a)fori/sai: ou)de\ ga\r a)/llo ou)de\n tw=n ai)sqhtw=n: ta\ de\ toiau=ta e)n toi=s kaq' e(/kasta, kai\ e)n th=| ai)sqh/sei h( kri/sis. to\ me\n a)/ra tosou=to dhloi= o(/ti h( me/sh e(/cis e)n pa=sin e)paineth/, a)pokli/nein de\ dei= o(te\ me\n e)pi\ th\n u(perbolh\n o(te\ d' e)pi\ th\n e)/lleiyin: ou(/tw ga\r r(a=|sta tou= me/sou kai\ tou= eu)= teuco/meqa.
Book 3
th=s a)reth=s dh\ peri\ pa/qh te kai\ pra/ceis ou)/shs, kai\ e)pi\ me\n toi=s e(kousi/ois e)pai/nwn kai\ yo/gwn ginome/nwn, e)pi\ de\ toi=s a)kousi/ois suggnw/mhs, e)ni/ote de\ kai\ e)le/ou, to\ e(kou/sion kai\ to\ a)kou/sion a)nagkai=on i)/sws diori/sai toi=s peri\ a)reth=s e)piskopou=si, xrh/simon de\ kai\ toi=s nomoqetou=si pro/s te ta\s tima\s kai\ ta\s kola/seis. dokei= dh\ a)kou/sia ei)=nai ta\ bi/a| h)\ di' a)/gnoian gino/mena:
bi/aion de\ ou(= h( a)rxh\ e)/cwqen, toiau/th ou)=sa e)n h(=| mhde\n sumba/lletai o( pra/ttwn h)\ o( pa/sxwn, oi(=on ei) pneu=ma komi/sai poi h)\ a)/nqrwpoi ku/rioi o)/ntes. o(/sa de\ dia\ fo/bon meizo/nwn kakw=n pra/ttetai h)\ dia\ kalo/n ti, oi(=on ei) tu/rannos prosta/ttoi ai)sxro/n ti pra=cai ku/rios w)\n gone/wn kai\ te/knwn, kai\ pra/cantos me\n sw/|zointo mh\ pra/cantos d' a)poqnh/skoien, a)mfisbh/thsin e)/xei po/teron a)kou/sia/ e)stin h)\ e(kou/sia. toiou=ton de/ ti sumbai/nei kai\ peri\ ta\s e)n toi=s xeimw=sin e)kbola/s: a(plw=s me\n ga\r ou)dei\s a)poba/lletai e(kw/n, e)pi\ swthri/a| d' au(tou= kai\ tw=n loipw=n a(/pantes oi( nou=n e)/xontes. miktai\ me\n ou)=n ei)sin ai( toiau=tai pra/ceis, e)oi/kasi de\ ma=llon e(kousi/ois: ai(retai\ ga/r ei)si to/te o(/te pra/ttontai, to\ de\ te/los th=s pra/cews kata\ to\n kairo/n e)stin. kai\ to\ e(kou/sion dh\ kai\ to\ a)kou/sion, o(/te pra/ttei, lekte/on. pra/ttei de\ e(kw/n: kai\ ga\r h( a)rxh\ tou= kinei=n ta\ o)rganika\ me/rh e)n tai=s toiau/tais pra/cesin e)n au)tw=| e)sti/n: w(=n d' e)n au)tw=| h( a)rxh/, e)p' au)tw=| kai\ to\ pra/ttein kai\ mh/. e(kou/sia dh\ ta\ toiau=ta, a(plw=s d' i)/sws a)kou/sia: ou)dei\s ga\r a)\n e(/loito kaq' au(to\ tw=n toiou/twn ou)de/n. e)pi\ tai=s pra/cesi de\ tai=s toiau/tais e)ni/ote kai\ e)painou=ntai, o(/tan ai)sxro/n ti h)\ luphro\n u(pome/nwsin a)nti\ mega/lwn kai\ kalw=n: a)\n d' a)na/palin, ye/gontai: ta\ ga\r ai)/sxisq' u(pomei=nai e)pi\ mhdeni\ kalw=| h)\ metri/w| fau/lou. e)p' e)ni/ois d' e)/painos me\n ou) gi/netai, suggnw/mh d', o(/tan dia\ toiau=ta pra/ch| tis a(\ mh\ dei=, a(\ th\n a)nqrwpi/nhn fu/sin u(pertei/nei kai\ mhdei\s a)\n u(pomei/nai. e)/nia d' i)/sws ou)k e)/stin a)nagkasqh=nai, a)lla\ ma=llon a)poqanete/on paqo/nti ta\ deino/tata: kai\ ga\r to\n *eu)ripi/dou *)alkmai/wna geloi=a fai/netai ta\ a)nagka/santa mhtroktonh=sai. e)/sti de\ xalepo\n e)ni/ote diakri=nai poi=on a)nti\ poi/ou ai(rete/on kai\ ti/ a)nti\ ti/nos u(pomenete/on, e)/ti de\ xalepw/teron e)mmei=nai toi=s gnwsqei=sin: w(s ga\r e)pi\ to\ polu/ e)sti ta\ me\n prosdokw/mena luphra/, a(\ d' a)nagka/zontai ai)sxra/, o(/qen e)/painoi kai\ yo/goi gi/nontai peri\ tou\s a)nagkasqe/ntas h)\ mh/.
ta\ dh\ poi=a fate/on bi/aia; h)\ a(plw=s me/n, o(po/t' a)\n h( ai)ti/a e)n toi=s e)kto\s h)=| kai\ o( pra/ttwn mhde\n sumba/llhtai; a(\ de\ kaq' au(ta\ me\n a)kou/sia/ e)sti, nu=n de\ kai\ a)nti\ tw=nde ai(reta/, kai\ h( a)rxh\ e)n tw=| pra/ttonti, kaq' au(ta\ me\n a)kou/sia/ e)sti, nu=n de\ kai\ a)nti\ tw=nde e(kou/sia. ma=llon d' e)/oiken e(kousi/ois: ai( ga\r pra/ceis e)n toi=s kaq' e(/kasta, tau=ta d' e(kou/sia. poi=a d' a)nti\ poi/wn ai(rete/on, ou) r(a/|dion a)podou=nai: pollai\ ga\r diaforai/ ei)sin e)n toi=s kaq' e(/kasta. ei) de/ tis ta\ h(de/a kai\ ta\ kala\ fai/h bi/aia ei)=nai （a)nagka/zein ga\r e)/cw o)/nta）, pa/nta a)\n ei)/h au)tw=| bi/aia: tou/twn ga\r xa/rin pa/ntes pa/nta pra/ttousin. kai\ oi( me\n bi/a| kai\ a)/kontes luphrw=s, oi( de\ dia\ to\ h(du\ kai\ kalo\n meq' h(donh=s: geloi=on de\ to\ ai)tia=sqai ta\ e)kto/s, a)lla\ mh\ au(to\n eu)qh/raton o)/nta u(po\ tw=n toiou/twn, kai\ tw=n me\n kalw=n e(auto/n, tw=n d' ai)sxrw=n ta\ h(de/a. e)/oike dh\ to\ bi/aion ei)=nai ou(= e)/cwqen h( a)rxh/, mhde\n sumballome/nou tou= biasqe/ntos.
to\ de\ di' a)/gnoian ou)x e(kou/sion me\n a(/pan e)sti/n, a)kou/sion de\ to\ e)pi/lupon kai\ e)n metamelei/a|: o( ga\r di' a)/gnoian pra/cas o(tiou=n, mhde/n ti dusxerai/nwn e)pi\ th=| pra/cei, e(kw\n me\n ou) pe/praxen, o(/ ge mh\ h)/|dei, ou)d' au)= a)/kwn, mh\ lupou/meno/s ge. tou= dh\ di' a)/gnoian o( me\n e)n metamelei/a| a)/kwn dokei=, o( de\ mh\ metamelo/menos, e)pei\ e(/teros, e)/stw ou)x e(kw/n: e)pei\ ga\r diafe/rei, be/ltion o)/noma e)/xein i)/dion. e(/teron d' e)/oike kai\ to\ di' a)/gnoian pra/ttein tou= a)gnoou=nta: o( ga\r mequ/wn h)\ o)rgizo/menos ou) dokei= di' a)/gnoian pra/ttein a)lla\ dia/ ti tw=n ei)rhme/nwn, ou)k ei)dw\s de\ a)ll' a)gnow=n. a)gnoei= me\n ou)=n pa=s o( moxqhro\s a(\ dei= pra/ttein kai\ w(=n a)fekte/on, kai\ dia\ th\n toiau/thn a(marti/an a)/dikoi kai\ o(/lws kakoi\ gi/nontai: to\ d' a)kou/sion bou/letai le/gesqai ou)k ei)/ tis a)gnoei= ta\ sumfe/ronta: ou) ga\r h( e)n th=| proaire/sei a)/gnoia ai)ti/a tou= a)kousi/ou a)lla\ th=s moxqhri/as, ou)d' h( kaqo/lou （ye/gontai ga\r dia/ ge tau/thn） a)ll' h( kaq' e(/kasta, e)n oi(=s kai\ peri\ a(\ h( pra=cis:
e)n tou/tois ga\r kai\ e)/leos kai\ suggnw/mh: o( ga\r tou/twn ti a)gnow=n a)kousi/ws pra/ttei. i)/sws ou)=n ou) xei=ron diori/sai au)ta/, ti/na kai\ po/sa e)sti/, ti/s te dh\ kai\ ti/ kai\ peri\ ti/ h)\ e)n ti/ni pra/ttei, e)ni/ote de\ kai\ ti/ni, oi(=on o)rga/nw|, kai\ e(/neka ti/nos, oi(=on swthri/as, kai\ pw=s, oi(=on h)re/ma h)\ sfo/dra. a(/panta me\n ou)=n tau=ta ou)dei\s a)\n a)gnoh/seie mh\ maino/menos, dh=lon d' w(s ou)de\ to\n pra/ttonta: pw=s ga\r e(auto/n ge; o(\ de\ pra/ttei a)gnoh/seien a)/n tis, oi(=on †le/gonte/s fasin e)kpesei=n au)tou/s,† h)\ ou)k ei)de/nai o(/ti a)po/rrhta h)=n, w(/sper *ai)sxu/los ta\ mustika/, h)\ dei=cai boulo/menos a)fei=nai, w(s o( to\n katape/lthn. oi)hqei/h d' a)/n tis kai\ to\n ui(o\n pole/mion ei)=nai w(/sper h( *mero/ph, kai\ e)sfairw=sqai to\ lelogxwme/non do/ru, h)\ to\n li/qon ki/shrin ei)=nai: kai\ e)pi\ swthri/a| pi/sas a)poktei/nai a)/n: kai\ qi=cai boulo/menos, w(/sper oi( a)kroxeirizo/menoi, pata/ceien a)/n. peri\ pa/nta dh\ tau=ta th=s a)gnoi/as ou)/shs, e)n oi(=s h( pra=cis, o( tou/twn ti a)gnoh/sas a)/kwn dokei= pepraxe/nai, kai\ ma/lista e)n toi=s kuriwta/tois: kuriw/tata d' ei)=nai dokei= e)n oi(=s h( pra=cis kai\ ou(= e(/neka. tou= dh\ kata\ th\n toiau/thn a)/gnoian a)kousi/ou legome/nou e)/ti dei= th\n pra=cin luphra\n ei)=nai kai\ e)n metamelei/a|.
o)/ntos d' a)kousi/ou tou= bi/a| kai\ di' a)/gnoian, to\ e(kou/sion do/ceien a)\n ei)=nai ou(= h( a)rxh\ e)n au)tw=| ei)do/ti ta\ kaq' e(/kasta e)n oi(=s h( pra=cis. i)/sws ga\r ou) kalw=s le/getai a)kou/sia ei)=nai ta\ dia\ qumo\n h)\ e)piqumi/an. prw=ton me\n ga\r ou)de\n e)/ti tw=n a)/llwn zw/|wn e(kousi/ws pra/cei, ou)d' oi( pai=des: ei)=ta po/teron ou)de\n e(kousi/ws pra/ttomen tw=n di' e)piqumi/an kai\ qumo/n, h)\ ta\ kala\ me\n e(kousi/ws ta\ d' ai)sxra\ a)kousi/ws; h)\ geloi=on e(no/s ge ai)ti/ou o)/ntos; a)/topon de\ i)/sws a)kou/sia fa/nai w(=n dei= o)re/gesqai: dei= de\ kai\ o)rgi/zesqai e)pi/ tisi kai\ e)piqumei=n tinw=n, oi(=on u(giei/as kai\ maqh/sews. dokei= de\ kai\ ta\ me\n a)kou/sia luphra\ ei)=nai, ta\ de\ kat' e)piqumi/an h(de/a. e)/ti de\ ti/ diafe/rei tw=| a)kou/sia ei)=nai ta\ kata\ logismo\n h)\ qumo\n a(marthqe/nta; feukta\ me\n ga\r a)/mfw,
dokei= de\ ou)x h(=tton a)nqrwpika\ ei)=nai ta\ a)/loga pa/qh, w(/ste kai\ ai( pra/ceis tou= a)nqrw/pou ai( a)po\ qumou= kai\ e)piqumi/as. a)/topon dh\ to\ tiqe/nai a)kou/sia tau=ta.
diwrisme/nwn de\ tou= te e(kousi/ou kai\ tou= a)kousi/ou, peri\ proaire/sews e(/petai dielqei=n: oi)keio/taton ga\r ei)=nai dokei= th=| a)reth=| kai\ ma=llon ta\ h)/qh kri/nein tw=n pra/cewn. h( proai/resis dh\ e(kou/sion me\n fai/netai, ou) tau)to\n de/, a)ll' e)pi\ ple/on to\ e(kou/sion: tou= me\n ga\r e(kousi/ou kai\ pai=des kai\ ta)=lla zw=|a koinwnei=, proaire/sews d' ou)/, kai\ ta\ e)cai/fnhs e(kou/sia me\n le/gomen, kata\ proai/resin d' ou)/. oi( de\ le/gontes au)th\n e)piqumi/an h)\ qumo\n h)\ bou/lhsin h)/ tina do/can ou)k e)oi/kasin o)rqw=s le/gein. ou) ga\r koino\n h( proai/resis kai\ tw=n a)lo/gwn, e)piqumi/a de\ kai\ qumo/s. kai\ o( a)krath\s e)piqumw=n me\n pra/ttei, proairou/menos d' ou)/: o( e)gkrath\s d' a)na/palin proairou/menos me/n, e)piqumw=n d' ou)/. kai\ proaire/sei me\n e)piqumi/a e)nantiou=tai, e)piqumi/a d' e)piqumi/a| ou)/. kai\ h( me\n e)piqumi/a h(de/os kai\ e)pilu/pou, h( proai/resis d' ou)/te luphrou= ou)/q' h(de/os. qumo\s d' e)/ti h(=tton: h(/kista ga\r ta\ dia\ qumo\n kata\ proai/resin ei)=nai dokei=. a)lla\ mh\n ou)de\ bou/lhsi/s ge, kai/per su/neggus faino/menon: proai/resis me\n ga\r ou)k e)/sti tw=n a)duna/twn, kai\ ei)/ tis fai/h proairei=sqai, dokoi/h a)\n h)li/qios ei)=nai: bou/lhsis d' e)sti\ kai\ tw=n a)duna/twn, oi(=on a)qanasi/as. kai\ h( me\n bou/lhsi/s e)sti kai\ peri\ ta\ mhdamw=s di' au(tou= praxqe/nta a)/n, oi(=on u(pokrith/n tina nika=n h)\ a)qlhth/n: proairei=tai de\ ta\ toiau=ta ou)dei/s, a)ll' o(/sa oi)/etai gene/sqai a)\n di' au(tou=. e)/ti d' h( me\n bou/lhsis tou= te/lous e)sti\ ma=llon, h( de\ proai/resis tw=n pro\s to\ te/los, oi(=on u(giai/nein boulo/meqa, proairou/meqa de\ di' w(=n u(gianou=men, kai\ eu)daimonei=n boulo/meqa me\n kai\ fame/n, proairou/meqa de\ le/gein ou)x a(rmo/zei: o(/lws ga\r e)/oiken h( proai/resis peri\ ta\ e)f' h(mi=n ei)=nai. ou)de\ dh\ do/ca a)\n ei)/h: h( me\n ga\r do/ca dokei= peri\ pa/nta ei)=nai, kai\ ou)de\n h(=tton peri\ ta\ a)i/dia kai\ ta\ a)du/nata h)\ ta\ e)f' h(mi=n: kai\ tw=| yeudei= kai\ a)lhqei= diairei=tai, ou) tw=| kakw=| kai\ a)gaqw=|, h( proai/resis de\ tou/tois ma=llon.
o(/lws me\n ou)=n do/ch| tau)to\n i)/sws ou)de\ le/gei ou)dei/s. a)ll' ou)de\ tini/: tw=| ga\r proairei=sqai ta)gaqa\ h)\ ta\ kaka\ poioi/ tine/s e)smen, tw=| de\ doca/zein ou)/. kai\ proairou/meqa me\n labei=n h)\ fugei=n h)/ ti tw=n toiou/twn, doca/zomen de\ ti/ e)stin h)\ ti/ni sumfe/rei h)\ pw=s: labei=n d' h)\ fugei=n ou) pa/nu doca/zomen. kai\ h( me\n proai/resis e)painei=tai tw=| ei)=nai ou(= dei= ma=llon h)\ tw=| o)rqw=s, h( de\ do/ca tw=| w(s a)lhqw=s. kai\ proairou/meqa me\n a(\ ma/lista i)/smen a)gaqa\ o)/nta, doca/zomen de\ a(\ ou) pa/nu i)/smen: dokou=si de\ ou)x oi( au)toi\ proairei=sqai/ te a)/rista kai\ doca/zein, a)ll' e)/nioi doca/zein me\n a)/meinon, dia\ kaki/an d' ai(rei=sqai ou)x a(\ dei=. ei) de\ progi/netai do/ca th=s proaire/sews h)\ parakolouqei=, ou)de\n diafe/rei: ou) tou=to ga\r skopou=men, a)ll' ei) tau)to/n e)sti do/ch| tini/. ti/ ou)=n h)\ poi=o/n ti e)sti/n, e)peidh\ tw=n ei)rhme/nwn ou)qe/n; e(kou/sion me\n dh\ fai/netai, to\ d' e(kou/sion ou) pa=n proaireto/n. a)ll' a)=ra/ ge to\ probebouleume/non; h( ga\r proai/resis meta\ lo/gou kai\ dianoi/as. u(poshmai/nein d' e)/oike kai\ tou)/noma w(s o)\n pro\ e(te/rwn ai(reto/n.
bouleu/ontai de\ po/teron peri\ pa/ntwn, kai\ pa=n bouleuto/n e)stin, h)\ peri\ e)ni/wn ou)k e)/sti boulh/; lekte/on d' i)/sws bouleuto\n ou)x u(pe\r ou(= bouleu/sait' a)/n tis h)li/qios h)\ maino/menos, a)ll' u(pe\r w(=n o( nou=n e)/xwn. peri\ dh\ tw=n a)idi/wn ou)dei\s bouleu/etai, oi(=on peri\ tou= ko/smou h)\ th=s diame/trou kai\ th=s pleura=s, o(/ti a)su/mmetroi. a)ll' ou)de\ peri\ tw=n e)n kinh/sei, a)ei\ de\ kata\ tau)ta\ ginome/nwn, ei)/t' e)c a)na/gkhs ei)/te kai\ fu/sei h)\ dia/ tina ai)ti/an a)/llhn, oi(=on tropw=n kai\ a)natolw=n. ou)de\ peri\ tw=n a)/llote a)/llws, oi(=on au)xmw=n kai\ o)/mbrwn. ou)de\ peri\ tw=n a)po\ tu/xhs, oi(=on qhsaurou= eu(re/sews. a)ll' ou)de\ peri\ tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn a(pa/ntwn, oi(=on pw=s a)\n *sku/qai a)/rista politeu/ointo ou)dei\s *lakedaimoni/wn bouleu/etai. ou) ga\r ge/noit' a)\n tou/twn ou)qe\n di' h(mw=n. bouleuo/meqa de\ peri\ tw=n e)f' h(mi=n kai\ praktw=n: tau=ta de\ kai\ e)/sti loipa/. ai)ti/ai ga\r dokou=sin ei)=nai fu/sis kai\ a)na/gkh kai\ tu/xh, e)/ti de\ nou=s kai\ pa=n to\ di' a)nqrw/pou. tw=n d' a)nqrw/pwn e(/kastoi bouleu/ontai peri\ tw=n di' au(tw=n praktw=n.
kai\ peri\ me\n ta\s a)kribei=s kai\ au)ta/rkeis tw=n e)pisthmw=n ou)k e)/sti boulh/, oi(=on peri\ gramma/twn （ou) ga\r dista/zomen pw=s grapte/on）: a)ll' o(/sa gi/netai di' h(mw=n, mh\ w(sau/tws d' a)ei/, peri\ tou/twn bouleuo/meqa, oi(=on peri\ tw=n kat' i)atrikh\n kai\ xrhmatistikh/n, kai\ peri\ kubernhtikh\n ma=llon h)\ gumnastikh/n, o(/sw| h(=tton dihkri/bwtai, kai\ e)/ti peri\ tw=n loipw=n o(moi/ws, ma=llon de\ kai\ peri\ ta\s te/xnas h)\ ta\s e)pisth/mas: ma=llon ga\r peri\ tau/tas dista/zomen. to\ bouleu/esqai de\ e)n toi=s w(s e)pi\ to\ polu/, a)dh/lois de\ pw=s a)pobh/setai, kai\ e)n oi(=s a)dio/riston. sumbou/lous de\ paralamba/nomen ei)s ta\ mega/la, a)pistou=ntes h(mi=n au)toi=s w(s ou)x i(kanoi=s diagnw=nai. bouleuo/meqa d' ou) peri\ tw=n telw=n a)lla\ peri\ tw=n pro\s ta\ te/lh. ou)/te ga\r i)atro\s bouleu/etai ei) u(gia/sei, ou)/te r(h/twr ei) pei/sei, ou)/te politiko\s ei) eu)nomi/an poih/sei, ou)de\ tw=n loipw=n ou)dei\s peri\ tou= te/lous: a)lla\ qe/menoi to\ te/los to\ pw=s kai\ dia\ ti/nwn e)/stai skopou=si: kai\ dia\ pleio/nwn me\n fainome/nou gi/nesqai dia\ ti/nos r(a=|sta kai\ ka/llista e)piskopou=si, di' e(no\s d' e)piteloume/nou pw=s dia\ tou/tou e)/stai ka)kei=no dia\ ti/nos, e(/ws a)\n e)/lqwsin e)pi\ to\ prw=ton ai)/tion, o(\ e)n th=| eu(re/sei e)/sxato/n e)stin. o( ga\r bouleuo/menos e)/oike zhtei=n kai\ a)nalu/ein to\n ei)rhme/non tro/pon w(/sper dia/gramma （fai/netai d' h( me\n zh/thsis ou) pa=sa ei)=nai bou/leusis, oi(=on ai( maqhmatikai/, h( de\ bou/leusis pa=sa zh/thsis）, kai\ to\ e)/sxaton e)n th=| a)nalu/sei prw=ton ei)=nai e)n th=| gene/sei. ka)\n me\n a)duna/tw| e)ntu/xwsin, a)fi/stantai, oi(=on ei) xrhma/twn dei=, tau=ta de\ mh\ oi(=o/n te porisqh=nai: e)a\n de\ dunato\n fai/nhtai, e)gxeirou=si pra/ttein. dunata\ de\ a(\ di' h(mw=n ge/noit' a)/n: ta\ ga\r dia\ tw=n fi/lwn di' h(mw=n pws e)sti/n: h( ga\r a)rxh\ e)n h(mi=n. zhtei=tai d' o(te\ me\n ta\ o)/rgana o(te\ d' h( xrei/a au)tw=n: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)n toi=s loipoi=s o(te\ me\n di' ou(= o(te\ de\ pw=s h)\ dia\ ti/nos. e)/oike dh/, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai, a)/nqrwpos ei)=nai a)rxh\ tw=n pra/cewn: h( de\ boulh\ peri\ tw=n au(tw=| praktw=n, ai( de\ pra/ceis a)/llwn e(/neka. ou) ga\r a)\n ei)/h bouleuto\n to\ te/los a)lla\ ta\ pro\s ta\ te/lh: ou)de\ dh\ ta\ kaq' e(/kasta,
oi(=on ei) a)/rtos tou=to h)\ pe/peptai w(s dei=: ai)sqh/sews ga\r tau=ta. ei) de\ a)ei\ bouleu/setai, ei)s a)/peiron h(/cei. bouleuto\n de\ kai\ proaireto\n to\ au)to/, plh\n a)fwrisme/non h)/dh to\ proaireto/n: to\ ga\r e)k th=s boulh=s kriqe\n proaireto/n e)stin. pau/etai ga\r e(/kastos zhtw=n pw=s pra/cei, o(/tan ei)s au(to\n a)naga/gh| th\n a)rxh/n, kai\ au(tou= ei)s to\ h(gou/menon: tou=to ga\r to\ proairou/menon. dh=lon de\ tou=to kai\ e)k tw=n a)rxai/wn politeiw=n, a(\s *(/omhros e)mimei=to: oi( ga\r basilei=s a(\ proei/lonto a)nh/ggellon tw=| dh/mw|. o)/ntos de\ tou= proairetou= bouleutou= o)rektou= tw=n e)f' h(mi=n, kai\ h( proai/resis a)\n ei)/h bouleutikh\ o)/recis tw=n e)f' h(mi=n: e)k tou= bouleu/sasqai ga\r kri/nantes o)rego/meqa kata\ th\n bou/leusin. h( me\n ou)=n proai/resis tu/pw| ei)rh/sqw, kai\ peri\ poi=a/ e)sti kai\ o(/ti tw=n pro\s ta\ te/lh.
h( de\ bou/lhsis o(/ti me\n tou= te/lous e)sti\n ei)/rhtai, dokei= de\ toi=s me\n ta)gaqou= ei)=nai, toi=s de\ tou= fainome/nou a)gaqou=. sumbai/nei de\ toi=s me\n to\ boulhto\n ta)gaqo\n le/gousi mh\ ei)=nai boulhto\n o(\ bou/letai o( mh\ o)rqw=s ai(rou/menos （ei) ga\r e)/stai boulhto/n, kai\ a)gaqo/n: h)=n d', ei) ou(/tws e)/tuxe, kako/n）, toi=s d' au)= to\ faino/menon a)gaqo\n boulhto\n le/gousi mh\ ei)=nai fu/sei boulhto/n, a)ll' e(ka/stw| to\ dokou=n: a)/llo d' a)/llw| fai/netai, kai\ ei) ou(/tws e)/tuxe, ta)nanti/a. ei) de\ dh\ tau=ta mh\ a)re/skei, a)=ra fate/on a(plw=s me\n kai\ kat' a)lh/qeian boulhto\n ei)=nai ta)gaqo/n, e(ka/stw| de\ to\ faino/menon; tw=| me\n ou)=n spoudai/w| to\ kat' a)lh/qeian ei)=nai, tw=| de\ fau/lw| to\ tuxo/n, w(/sper kai\ e)pi\ tw=n swma/twn toi=s me\n eu)= diakeime/nois u(gieina/ e)sti ta\ kat' a)lh/qeian toiau=ta o)/nta, toi=s d' e)pino/sois e(/tera, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ pikra\ kai\ gluke/a kai\ qerma\ kai\ bare/a kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kasta: o( spoudai=os ga\r e(/kasta kri/nei o)rqw=s, kai\ e)n e(ka/stois ta)lhqe\s au)tw=| fai/netai. kaq' e(ka/sthn ga\r e(/cin i)/dia/ e)sti kala\ kai\ h(de/a, kai\ diafe/rei plei=ston i)/sws o( spoudai=os tw=| ta)lhqe\s e)n e(ka/stois o(ra=n, w(/sper kanw\n kai\ me/tron au)tw=n w)/n. e)n toi=s polloi=s de\ h( a)pa/th dia\ th\n h(donh\n e)/oike gi/nesqai: ou) ga\r ou)=sa a)gaqo\n fai/netai.
ai(rou=ntai ou)=n to\ h(du\ w(s a)gaqo/n, th\n de\ lu/phn w(s kako\n feu/gousin.
o)/ntos dh\ boulhtou= me\n tou= te/lous, bouleutw=n de\ kai\ proairetw=n tw=n pro\s to\ te/los, ai( peri\ tau=ta pra/ceis kata\ proai/resin a)\n ei)=en kai\ e(kou/sioi. ai( de\ tw=n a)retw=n e)ne/rgeiai peri\ tau=ta. e)f' h(mi=n dh\ kai\ h( a)reth/, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ h( kaki/a. e)n oi(=s ga\r e)f' h(mi=n to\ pra/ttein, kai\ to\ mh\ pra/ttein, kai\ e)n oi(=s to\ mh/, kai\ to\ nai/: w(/st' ei) to\ pra/ttein kalo\n o)\n e)f' h(mi=n e)sti/, kai\ to\ mh\ pra/ttein e)f' h(mi=n e)/stai ai)sxro\n o)/n, kai\ ei) to\ mh\ pra/ttein kalo\n o)\n e)f' h(mi=n, kai\ to\ pra/ttein ai)sxro\n o)\n e)f' h(mi=n. ei) d' e)f' h(mi=n ta\ kala\ pra/ttein kai\ ta\ ai)sxra/, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ to\ mh\ pra/ttein, tou=to d' h)=n to\ a)gaqoi=s kai\ kakoi=s ei)=nai, e)f' h(mi=n a)/ra to\ e)pieike/si kai\ fau/lois ei)=nai. to\ de\ le/gein w(s ou)dei\s e(kw\n ponhro\s ou)d' a)/kwn maka/rios e)/oike to\ me\n yeudei= to\ d' a)lhqei=: maka/rios me\n ga\r ou)dei\s a)/kwn, h( de\ moxqhri/a e(kou/sion. h)\ toi=s ge nu=n ei)rhme/nois a)mfisbhthte/on, kai\ to\n a)/nqrwpon ou) fate/on a)rxh\n ei)=nai ou)de\ gennhth\n tw=n pra/cewn w(/sper kai\ te/knwn. ei) de\ tau=ta fai/netai kai\ mh\ e)/xomen ei)s a)/llas a)rxa\s a)nagagei=n para\ ta\s e)n h(mi=n, w(=n kai\ ai( a)rxai\ e)n h(mi=n, kai\ au)ta\ e)f' h(mi=n kai\ e(kou/sia. tou/tois d' e)/oike marturei=sqai kai\ i)di/a| u(f' e(ka/stwn kai\ u(p' au)tw=n tw=n nomoqetw=n: kola/zousi ga\r kai\ timwrou=ntai tou\s drw=ntas moxqhra/, o(/soi mh\ bi/a| h)\ di' a)/gnoian h(=s mh\ au)toi\ ai)/tioi, tou\s de\ ta\ kala\ pra/ttontas timw=sin, w(s tou\s me\n protre/yontes tou\s de\ kwlu/sontes. kai/toi o(/sa mh/t' e)f' h(mi=n e)sti\ mh/q' e(kou/sia, ou)dei\s protre/petai pra/ttein, w(s ou)de\n pro\ e)/rgou o)\n to\ peisqh=nai mh\ qermai/nesqai h)\ a)lgei=n h)\ peinh=n h)\ a)/ll' o(tiou=n tw=n toiou/twn: ou)qe\n ga\r h(=tton peiso/meqa au)ta/. kai\ ga\r e)p' au)tw=| tw=| a)gnoei=n kola/zousin, e)a\n ai)/tios ei)=nai dokh=| th=s a)gnoi/as, oi(=on toi=s mequ/ousi dipla= ta\ e)piti/mia: h( ga\r a)rxh\ e)n au)tw=|: ku/rios ga\r tou= mh\ mequsqh=nai, tou=to d' ai)/tion th=s a)gnoi/as. kai\ tou\s a)gnoou=nta/s ti tw=n e)n toi=s no/mois, a(\ dei= e)pi/stasqai kai\ mh\ xalepa/ e)sti,
kola/zousin, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)n toi=s a)/llois, o(/sa di' a)me/leian a)gnoei=n dokou=sin, w(s e)p' au)toi=s o)\n to\ mh\ a)gnoei=n: tou= ga\r e)pimelhqh=nai ku/rioi. a)ll' i)/sws toiou=to/s e)stin w(/ste mh\ e)pimelhqh=nai. a)lla\ tou= toiou/tous gene/sqai au)toi\ ai)/tioi zw=ntes a)neime/nws, kai\ tou= a)di/kous h)\ a)kola/stous ei)=nai, oi(\ me\n kakourgou=ntes, oi(\ de\ e)n po/tois kai\ toi=s toiou/tois dia/gontes: ai( ga\r peri\ e(/kasta e)ne/rgeiai toiou/tous poiou=sin. tou=to de\ dh=lon e)k tw=n meletw/ntwn pro\s h(ntinou=n a)gwni/an h)\ pra=cin: diatelou=si ga\r e)nergou=ntes. to\ me\n ou)=n a)gnoei=n o(/ti e)k tou= e)nergei=n peri\ e(/kasta ai( e(/ceis gi/nontai, komidh=| a)naisqh/tou. e)/ti d' a)/logon to\n a)dikou=nta mh\ bou/lesqai a)/dikon ei)=nai h)\ to)\n a)kolastai/nonta a)ko/laston. ei) de\ mh\ a)gnow=n tis pra/ttei e)c w(=n e)/stai a)/dikos, e(kw\n a)/dikos a)\n ei)/h, ou) mh\n e)a/n ge bou/lhtai, a)/dikos w)\n pau/setai kai\ e)/stai di/kaios. ou)de\ ga\r o( nosw=n u(gih/s. kai\ ei) ou(/tws e)/tuxen, e(kw\n nosei=, a)kratw=s bioteu/wn kai\ a)peiqw=n toi=s i)atroi=s. to/te me\n ou)=n e)ch=n au)tw=| mh\ nosei=n, proeme/nw| d' ou)ke/ti, w(/sper ou)d' a)fe/nti li/qon e)/t' au)to\n dunato\n a)nalabei=n: a)ll' o(/mws e)p' au)tw=| to\ balei=n kai\ r(i=yai: h( ga\r a)rxh\ e)n au)tw=|. ou(/tw de\ kai\ tw=| a)di/kw| kai\ tw=| a)kola/stw| e)c a)rxh=s me\n e)ch=n toiou/tois mh\ gene/sqai, dio\ e(ko/ntes ei)si/n: genome/nois d' ou)ke/ti e)/sti mh\ ei)=nai. ou) mo/non d' ai( th=s yuxh=s kaki/ai e(kou/sioi/ ei)sin, a)ll' e)ni/ois kai\ ai( tou= sw/matos, oi(=s kai\ e)pitimw=men: toi=s me\n ga\r dia\ fu/sin ai)sxroi=s ou)dei\s e)pitima=|, toi=s de\ di' a)gumnasi/an kai\ a)me/leian. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ a)sqe/neian kai\ ph/rwsin: ou)qei\s ga\r a)\n o)neidi/seie tuflw=| fu/sei h)\ e)k no/sou h)\ e)k plhgh=s, a)lla\ ma=llon e)leh/sai: tw=| d' e)c oi)noflugi/as h)\ a)/llhs a)kolasi/as pa=s a)\n e)pitimh/sai. tw=n dh\ peri\ to\ sw=ma kakiw=n ai( e)f' h(mi=n e)pitimw=ntai, ai( de\ mh\ e)f' h(mi=n ou)/. ei) d' ou(/tw, kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn ai( e)pitimw/menai tw=n kakiw=n e)f' h(mi=n a)\n ei)=en. ei) de/ tis le/goi o(/ti pa/ntes e)fi/entai tou= fainome/nou a)gaqou=, th=s de\ fantasi/as ou) ku/rioi,
a)ll' o(poi=o/s poq' e(/kasto/s e)sti, toiou=to kai\ to\ te/los fai/netai au)tw=|: ei) me\n ou)=n e(/kastos e(autw=| th=s e(/cew/s e)sti/ pws ai)/tios, kai\ th=s fantasi/as e)/stai pws au)to\s ai)/tios: ei) de\ mh/, ou)qei\s au(tw=| ai)/tios tou= kakopoiei=n, a)lla\ di' a)/gnoian tou= te/lous tau=ta pra/ttei, dia\ tou/twn oi)o/menos au(tw=| to\ a)/riston e)/sesqai, h( de\ tou= te/lous e)/fesis ou)k au)qai/retos, a)lla\ fu=nai dei= w(/sper o)/yin e)/xonta, h(=| krinei= kalw=s kai\ to\ kat' a)lh/qeian a)gaqo\n ai(rh/setai, kai\ e)/stin eu)fuh\s w(=| tou=to kalw=s pe/fuken: to\ ga\r me/giston kai\ ka/lliston, kai\ o(\ par' e(te/rou mh\ oi(=o/n te labei=n mhde\ maqei=n, a)ll' oi(=on e)/fu toiou=ton e(/cei, kai\ to\ eu)= kai\ to\ kalw=s tou=to pefuke/nai h( telei/a kai\ a)lhqinh\ a)\n ei)/h eu)fui/+a. ei) dh\ tau=t' e)sti\n a)lhqh=, ti/ ma=llon h( a)reth\ th=s kaki/as e)/stai e(kou/sion; a)mfoi=n ga\r o(moi/ws, tw=| a)gaqw=| kai\ tw=| kakw=|, to\ te/los fu/sei h)\ o(pwsdh/pote fai/netai kai\ kei=tai, ta\ de\ loipa\ pro\s tou=to a)nafe/rontes pra/ttousin o(pwsdh/pote. ei)/te dh\ to\ te/los mh\ fu/sei e(ka/stw| fai/netai oi(ondh/pote, a)lla/ ti kai\ par' au)to/n e)stin, ei)/te to\ me\n te/los fusiko/n, tw=| de\ ta\ loipa\ pra/ttein e(kousi/ws to\n spoudai=on h( a)reth\ e(kou/sio/n e)stin, ou)qe\n h(=tton kai\ h( kaki/a e(kou/sion a)\n ei)/h: o(moi/ws ga\r kai\ tw=| kakw=| u(pa/rxei to\ di' au)to\n e)n tai=s pra/cesi kai\ ei) mh\ e)n tw=| te/lei. ei) ou)=n, w(/sper le/getai, e(kou/sioi/ ei)sin ai( a)retai/ （kai\ ga\r tw=n e(/cewn sunai/tioi/ pws au)toi/ e)smen, kai\ tw=| poioi/ tines ei)=nai to\ te/los toio/nde tiqe/meqa）, kai\ ai( kaki/ai e(kou/sioi a)\n ei)=en: o(moi/ws ga/r.
koinh=| me\n ou)=n peri\ tw=n a)retw=n ei)/rhtai h(mi=n to/ te ge/nos tu/pw|, o(/ti meso/thte/s ei)sin kai\ o(/ti e(/ceis, u(f' w(=n te gi/nontai, o(/ti tou/twn praktikai\ kai\ kaq' au(ta/s, kai\ o(/ti e)f' h(mi=n kai\ e(kou/sioi, kai\ ou(/tws w(s a)\n o( o)rqo\s lo/gos prosta/ch|. ou)x o(moi/ws de\ ai( pra/ceis e(kou/sioi/ ei)si kai\ ai( e(/ceis: tw=n me\n ga\r pra/cewn a)p' a)rxh=s me/xri tou= te/lous ku/rioi/ e)smen, ei)do/tes ta\ kaq' e(/kasta, tw=n e(/cewn de\ th=s a)rxh=s,
kaq' e(/kasta de\ h( pro/sqesis ou) gnw/rimos, w(/sper e)pi\ tw=n a)rrwstiw=n: a)ll' o(/ti e)f' h(mi=n h)=n ou(/tws h)\ mh\ ou(/tw xrh/sasqai, dia\ tou=to e(kou/sioi.
a)nalabo/ntes de\ peri\ e(ka/sths ei)/pwmen ti/nes ei)si\ kai\ peri\ poi=a kai\ pw=s: a(/ma d' e)/stai dh=lon kai\ po/sai ei)si/n. kai\ prw=ton peri\ a)ndrei/as. o(/ti me\n ou)=n meso/ths e)sti\ peri\ fo/bous kai\ qa/rrh, h)/dh fanero\n gege/nhtai: fobou/meqa de\ dh=lon o(/ti ta\ fobera/, tau=ta d' e)sti\n w(s a(plw=s ei)pei=n kaka/: dio\ kai\ to\n fo/bon o(ri/zontai prosdoki/an kakou=. fobou/meqa me\n ou)=n pa/nta ta\ kaka/, oi(=on a)doci/an peni/an no/son a)fili/an qa/naton, a)ll' ou) peri\ pa/nta dokei= o( a)ndrei=os ei)=nai: e)/nia ga\r kai\ dei= fobei=sqai kai\ kalo/n, to\ de\ mh\ ai)sxro/n, oi(=on a)doci/an: o( me\n ga\r fobou/menos e)pieikh\s kai\ ai)dh/mwn, o( de\ mh\ fobou/menos a)nai/sxuntos. le/getai d' u(po/ tinwn a)ndrei=os kata\ metafora/n: e)/xei ga/r ti o(/moion tw=| a)ndrei/w|: a)/fobos ga/r tis kai\ o( a)ndrei=os. peni/an d' i)/sws ou) dei= fobei=sqai ou)de\ no/son, ou)d' o(/lws o(/sa mh\ a)po\ kaki/as mhde\ di' au(to/n. a)ll' ou)d' o( peri\ tau=ta a)/fobos a)ndrei=os. le/gomen de\ kai\ tou=ton kaq' o(moio/thta: e)/nioi ga\r e)n toi=s polemikoi=s kindu/nois deiloi\ o)/ntes e)leuqe/rioi/ ei)si kai\ pro\s xrhma/twn a)pobolh\n eu)qarsw=s e)/xousin. ou)de\ dh\ ei)/ tis u(/brin peri\ pai=das kai\ gunai=ka fobei=tai h)\ fqo/non h)/ ti tw=n toiou/twn, deilo/s e)stin: ou)d' ei) qarrei= me/llwn mastigou=sqai, a)ndrei=os. peri\ poi=a ou)=n tw=n foberw=n o( a)ndrei=os; h)\ peri\ ta\ me/gista; ou)qei\s ga\r u(pomenetikw/teros tw=n deinw=n. foberw/taton d' o( qa/natos: pe/ras ga/r, kai\ ou)de\n e)/ti tw=| teqnew=ti dokei= ou)/t' a)gaqo\n ou)/te kako\n ei)=nai. do/ceie d' a)\n ou)de\ peri\ qa/naton to\n e)n panti\ o( a)ndrei=os ei)=nai, oi(=on e)n qala/tth| h)\ no/sois. e)n ti/sin ou)=n; h)\ e)n toi=s kalli/stois; toiou=toi de\ oi( e)n pole/mw|: e)n megi/stw| ga\r kai\ kalli/stw| kindu/nw|. o(mo/logoi de\ tou/tois ei)si\ kai\ ai( timai\ ai( e)n tai=s po/lesi kai\ para\ toi=s mona/rxois. kuri/ws dh\ le/goit' a)\n a)ndrei=os o( peri\ to\n kalo\n qa/naton a)deh/s, kai\ o(/sa qa/naton e)pife/rei u(po/guia o)/nta: toiau=ta de\ ma/lista ta\ kata\ po/lemon. ou) mh\n a)lla\ kai\ e)n qala/tth| kai\ e)n no/sois a)deh\s o( a)ndrei=os,
ou)x ou(/tw de\ w(s oi( qala/ttioi: oi(\ me\n ga\r a)pegnw/kasi th\n swthri/an kai\ to\n qa/naton to\n toiou=ton dusxerai/nousin, oi(\ de\ eu)e/lpide/s ei)si para\ th\n e)mpeiri/an. a(/ma de\ kai\ a)ndri/zontai e)n oi(=s e)sti\n a)lkh\ h)\ kalo\n to\ a)poqanei=n: e)n tai=s toiau/tais de\ fqorai=s ou)de/teron u(pa/rxei.
to\ de\ fobero\n ou) pa=si me\n to\ au)to/, le/gomen de/ ti kai\ u(pe\r a)/nqrwpon. tou=to me\n ou)=n panti\ fobero\n tw=| ge nou=n e)/xonti: ta\ de\ kat' a)/nqrwpon diafe/rei mege/qei kai\ tw=| ma=llon kai\ h(=tton: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\ qarrale/a. o( de\ a)ndrei=os a)ne/kplhktos w(s a)/nqrwpos. fobh/setai me\n ou)=n kai\ ta\ toiau=ta, w(s dei= de\ kai\ w(s o( lo/gos u(pomenei= tou= kalou= e(/neka: tou=to ga\r te/los th=s a)reth=s. e)/sti de\ ma=llon kai\ h(=tton tau=ta fobei=sqai, kai\ e)/ti ta\ mh\ fobera\ w(s toiau=ta fobei=sqai. gi/netai de\ tw=n a(martiw=n h(\ me\n o(/ti o(\ ou) dei=, h(\ de\ o(/ti ou)x w(s dei=, h(\ de\ o(/ti ou)x o(/te, h)/ ti tw=n toiou/twn: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ ta\ qarrale/a. o( me\n ou)=n a(\ dei= kai\ ou(= e(/neka u(pome/nwn kai\ fobou/menos, kai\ w(s dei= kai\ o(/te, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ qarrw=n, a)ndrei=os: kat' a)ci/an ga/r, kai\ w(s a)\n o( lo/gos, pa/sxei kai\ pra/ttei o( a)ndrei=os. te/los de\ pa/shs e)nergei/as e)sti\ to\ kata\ th\n e(/cin. †kai\ tw=| a)ndrei/w| de\ h( a)ndrei/a kalo/n.† toiou=ton dh\ kai\ to\ te/los: o(ri/zetai ga\r e(/kaston tw=| te/lei. kalou= dh\ e(/neka o( a)ndrei=os u(pome/nei kai\ pra/ttei ta\ kata\ th\n a)ndrei/an. tw=n d' u(perballo/ntwn o( me\n th=| a)fobi/a| a)nw/numos （ei)/rhtai d' h(mi=n e)n toi=s pro/teron o(/ti polla/ e)stin a)nw/numa）, ei)/h d' a)/n tis maino/menos h)\ a)na/lghtos, ei) mhde\n foboi=to, mh/te seismo\n mh/te ku/mata, kaqa/per fasi\ tou\s *keltou/s: o( de\ tw=| qarrei=n u(perba/llwn peri\ ta\ fobera\ qrasu/s. dokei= de\ kai\ a)lazw\n ei)=nai o( qrasu\s kai\ prospoihtiko\s a)ndrei/as: w(s gou=n e)kei=nos peri\ ta\ fobera\ e)/xei, ou(=tos bou/letai fai/nesqai: e)n oi(=s ou)=n du/natai, mimei=tai. dio\ kai\ ei)si\n oi( polloi\ au)tw=n qrasu/deiloi: e)n tou/tois ga\r qrasuno/menoi ta\ fobera\ ou)x u(pome/nousin. o( de\ tw=| fobei=sqai u(perba/llwn deilo/s: kai\ ga\r a(\ mh\ dei= kai\ w(s ou) dei=, kai\ pa/nta ta\ toiau=ta a)kolouqei= au)tw=|.
e)llei/pei de\ kai\ tw=| qarrei=n: a)ll' e)n tai=s lu/pais u(perba/llwn ma=llon katafanh/s e)stin. du/selpis dh/ tis o( deilo/s: pa/nta ga\r fobei=tai. o( d' a)ndrei=os e)nanti/ws: to\ ga\r qarrei=n eu)e/lpidos. peri\ tau)ta\ me\n ou)=n e)sti\n o(/ te deilo\s kai\ o( qrasu\s kai\ o( a)ndrei=os, diafo/rws d' e)/xousi pro\s au)ta/: oi(\ me\n ga\r u(perba/llousi kai\ e)llei/pousin, o(\ de\ me/sws e)/xei kai\ w(s dei=: kai\ oi( me\n qrasei=s propetei=s, kai\ boulo/menoi pro\ tw=n kindu/nwn e)n au)toi=s d' a)fi/stantai, oi( d' a)ndrei=oi e)n toi=s e)/rgois o)cei=s, pro/teron d' h(su/xioi.
kaqa/per ou)=n ei)/rhtai, h( a)ndrei/a meso/ths e)sti\ peri\ qarrale/a kai\ fobera/, e)n oi(=s ei)/rhtai, kai\ o(/ti kalo\n ai(rei=tai kai\ u(pome/nei, h)\ o(/ti ai)sxro\n to\ mh/. to\ d' a)poqnh/skein feu/gonta peni/an h)\ e)/rwta h)/ ti luphro\n ou)k a)ndrei/ou, a)lla\ ma=llon deilou=: malaki/a ga\r to\ feu/gein ta\ e)pi/pona, kai\ ou)x o(/ti kalo\n u(pome/nei, a)lla\ feu/gwn kako/n. e)/sti me\n ou)=n h( a)ndrei/a toiou=to/n ti, le/gontai de\ kai\ e(/terai kata\ pe/nte tro/pous: prw=ton me\n h( politikh/: ma/lista ga\r e)/oiken. dokou=si ga\r u(pome/nein tou\s kindu/nous oi( poli=tai dia\ ta\ e)k tw=n no/mwn e)piti/mia kai\ ta\ o)nei/dh kai\ dia\ ta\s tima/s: kai\ dia\ tou=to a)ndreio/tatoi dokou=sin ei)=nai par' oi(=s oi( deiloi\ a)/timoi kai\ oi( a)ndrei=oi e)/ntimoi. toiou/tous de\ kai\ *(/omhros poiei=, oi(=on to\n *diomh/dhn kai\ to\n *(/ektora: *pouluda/mas moi prw=tos e)legxei/hn a)naqh/sei:
Hom. Il. 22.100 kai\ *diomh/dhs *(/ektwr ga/r pote fh/sei e)ni\ *trw/ess' a)goreu/wn*tudei/dhs u(p' e)mei=o.
Hom. Il. 8.148 w(moi/wtai d' au(/th ma/lista th=| pro/teron ei)rhme/nh|, o(/ti di' a)reth\n gi/netai: di' ai)dw= ga\r kai\ dia\ kalou= o)/recin （timh=s ga/r） kai\ fugh\n o)nei/dous, ai)sxrou= o)/ntos. ta/cai d' a)/n tis kai\ tou\s u(po\ tw=n a)rxo/ntwn a)nagkazome/nous ei)s tau)to/: xei/rous d', o(/sw| ou) di' ai)dw= a)lla\ dia\ fo/bon au)to\ drw=si, kai\ feu/gontes ou) to\ ai)sxro\n a)lla\ to\ luphro/n: a)nagka/zousi ga\r oi( ku/rioi, w(/sper o( *(/ektwr o(\n de/ k' e)gw\n a)pa/neuqe ma/xhs ptw/ssonta noh/sw,ou)/ oi( a)/rkion e)ssei=tai fuge/ein ku/nas.
Hom. Il. 2.391 kai\ oi( prosta/ttontes, ka)\n a)naxwrw=si tu/ptontes, to\ au)to\ drw=si,
kai\ oi( pro\ tw=n ta/frwn kai\ tw=n toiou/twn parata/ttontes: pa/ntes ga\r a)nagka/zousin. dei= d' ou) di' a)na/gkhn a)ndrei=on ei)=nai, a)ll' o(/ti kalo/n. dokei= de\ kai\ h( e)mpeiri/a h( peri\ e(/kasta a)ndrei/a ei)=nai: o(/qen kai\ o( *swkra/ths w)|h/qh e)pisth/mhn ei)=nai th\n a)ndrei/an. toiou=toi de\ a)/lloi me\n e)n a)/llois, e)n toi=s polemikoi=s d' oi( stratiw=tai: dokei= ga\r ei)=nai polla\ kena\ tou= pole/mou, a(\ ma/lista sunewra/kasin ou(=toi: fai/nontai dh\ a)ndrei=oi, o(/ti ou)k i)/sasin oi( a)/lloi oi(=a/ e)stin. ei)=ta poih=sai kai\ mh\ paqei=n ma/lista du/nantai e)k th=s e)mpeiri/as, duna/menoi xrh=sqai toi=s o(/plois kai\ toiau=ta e)/xontes o(poi=a a)\n ei)/h kai\ pro\s to\ poih=sai kai\ pro\s to\ mh\ paqei=n kra/tista: w(/sper ou)=n a)no/plois w(plisme/noi ma/xontai kai\ a)qlhtai\ i)diw/tais: kai\ ga\r e)n toi=s toiou/tois a)gw=sin ou)x oi( a)ndreio/tatoi maximw/tatoi/ ei)sin, a)ll' oi( ma/lista i)sxu/ontes kai\ ta\ sw/mata a)/rista e)/xontes. oi( stratiw=tai de\ deiloi\ gi/nontai, o(/tan u(pertei/nh| o( ki/ndunos kai\ lei/pwntai toi=s plh/qesi kai\ tai=s paraskeuai=s: prw=toi ga\r feu/gousi, ta\ de\ politika\ me/nonta a)poqnh/skei, o(/per ka)pi\ tw=| *(ermai/w| sune/bh. toi=s me\n ga\r ai)sxro\n to\ feu/gein kai\ o( qa/natos th=s toiau/ths swthri/as ai(retw/teros: oi(\ de\ kai\ e)c a)rxh=s e)kindu/neuon w(s krei/ttous o)/ntes, gno/ntes de\ feu/gousi, to\n qa/naton ma=llon tou= ai)sxrou= fobou/menoi: o( d' a)ndrei=os ou) toiou=tos. kai\ to\n qumo\n d' e)pi\ th\n a)ndrei/an fe/rousin: a)ndrei=oi ga\r ei)=nai dokou=si kai\ oi( dia\ qumo\n w(/sper ta\ qhri/a e)pi\ tou\s trw/santas fero/mena, o(/ti kai\ oi( a)ndrei=oi qumoeidei=s: i)thtikw/taton ga\r o( qumo\s pro\s tou\s kindu/nous, o(/qen kai\ *(/omhros sqe/nos e)/mbale qumw=|
kai\ me/nos kai\ qumo\n e)/geire
kai\ drimu\ d' a)na\ r(i=nas me/nos
kai\ e)/zesen ai(=ma:
pa/nta ga\r ta\ toiau=ta e)/oike shmai/nein th\n tou= qumou= e)/gersin kai\ o(rmh/n. oi( me\n ou)=n a)ndrei=oi dia\ to\ kalo\n pra/ttousin, o( de\ qumo\s sunergei= au)toi=s: ta\ qhri/a de\ dia\ lu/phn: dia\ ga\r to\ plhgh=nai h)\ dia\ to\ fobei=sqai, e)pei\ e)a/n ge e)n u(/lh| h)\ e)n e(/lei h)=|, ou) prose/rxontai. ou) dh/ e)stin a)ndrei=a dia\ to\ u(p' a)lghdo/nos kai\ qumou= e)celauno/mena pro\s to\n ki/ndunon o(rma=n, ou)qe\n tw=n deinw=n proorw=nta, e)pei\ ou(/tw ge ka)\n oi( o)/noi a)ndrei=oi ei)=en peinw=ntes: tupto/menoi ga\r ou)k a)fi/stantai th=s nomh=s:
kai\ oi( moixoi\ de\ dia\ th\n e)piqumi/an tolmhra\ polla\ drw=sin. ou) dh/ e)stin a)ndrei=a ta\ di' a)lghdo/nos h)\ qumou= e)celauno/mena pro\s to\n ki/ndunon. fusikwta/th d' e)/oiken h( dia\ to\n qumo\n ei)=nai, kai\ proslabou=sa proai/resin kai\ to\ ou(= e(/neka a)ndrei/a ei)=nai. kai\ oi( a)/nqrwpoi dh\ o)rgizo/menoi me\n a)lgou=si, timwrou/menoi d' h(/dontai: oi( de\ dia\ tau=ta maxo/menoi ma/ximoi me/n, ou)k a)ndrei=oi de/: ou) ga\r dia\ to\ kalo\n ou)d' w(s o( lo/gos, a)lla\ dia\ pa/qos: paraplh/sion d' e)/xousi/ ti. ou)de\ dh\ oi( eu)e/lpides o)/ntes a)ndrei=oi: dia\ ga\r to\ polla/kis kai\ pollou\s nenikhke/nai qarrou=sin e)n toi=s kindu/nois: paro/moioi de/, o(/ti a)/mfw qarrale/oi: a)ll' oi( me\n a)ndrei=oi dia\ ta\ pro/teron ei)rhme/na qarrale/oi, oi(\ de\ dia\ to\ oi)/esqai kra/tistoi ei)=nai kai\ mhqe\n a)\n paqei=n. toiou=ton de\ poiou=si kai\ oi( mequsko/menoi: eu)e/lpides ga\r gi/nontai. o(/tan de\ au)toi=s mh\ sumbh=| ta\ toiau=ta, feu/gousin: a)ndrei/ou d' h)=n ta\ fobera\ a)nqrw/pw| o)/nta kai\ faino/mena u(pome/nein, o(/ti kalo\n kai\ ai)sxro\n to\ mh/. dio\ kai\ a)ndreiote/rou dokei= ei)=nai to\ e)n toi=s ai)fnidi/ois fo/bois a)/fobon kai\ a)ta/raxon ei)=nai h)\ e)n toi=s prodh/lois: a)po\ e(/cews ga\r ma=llon h)=n, o(/ti h(=tton e)k paraskeuh=s: ta\ profanh= me\n ga\r ka)\n e)k logismou= kai\ lo/gou tis proe/loito, ta\ d' e)cai/fnhs kata\ th\n e(/cin. a)ndrei=oi de\ fai/nontai kai\ oi( a)gnoou=ntes, kai\ ei)si\n ou) po/rrw tw=n eu)elpi/dwn, xei/rous d' o(/sw| a)ci/wma ou)de\n e)/xousin, e)kei=noi de/. dio\ kai\ me/nousi/ tina xro/non: oi( d' h)pathme/noi, e)a\n gnw=sin o(/ti e(/teron h)\ u(popteu/swsi, feu/gousin: o(/per oi( *)argei=oi e)/paqon peripeso/ntes toi=s *la/kwsin w(s *sikuwni/ois. oi(/ te dh\ a)ndrei=oi ei)/rhntai poi=oi/ tines, kai\ oi( dokou=ntes a)ndrei=oi.
peri\ qa/rrh de\ kai\ fo/bous h( a)ndrei/a ou)=sa ou)x o(moi/ws peri\ a)/mfw e)sti/n, a)lla\ ma=llon peri\ ta\ fobera/: o( ga\r e)n tou/tois a)ta/raxos kai\ peri\ tau=q' w(s dei= e)/xwn a)ndrei=os ma=llon h)\ o( peri\ ta\ qarrale/a. tw=| dh\ ta\ luphra\ u(pome/nein, w(s ei)/rhtai, a)ndrei=oi le/gontai. dio\ kai\ e)pi/lupon h( a)ndrei/a, kai\ dikai/ws e)painei=tai: xalepw/teron ga\r ta\ luphra\ u(pome/nein h)\ tw=n h(de/wn a)pe/xesqai.
ou) mh\n a)lla\ do/ceien a)\n ei)=nai to\ kata\ th\n a)ndrei/an te/los h(du/, u(po\ tw=n ku/klw| d' a)fani/zesqai, oi(=on ka)n toi=s gumnikoi=s a)gw=si gi/netai: toi=s ga\r pu/ktais to\ me\n te/los h(du/, ou(= e(/neka, o( ste/fanos kai\ ai( timai/, to\ de\ tu/ptesqai a)lgeino/n, ei)/per sa/rkinoi, kai\ luphro/n, kai\ pa=s o( po/nos: dia\ de\ to\ polla\ tau=t' ei)=nai, mikro\n o)\n to\ ou(= e(/neka ou)de\n h(du\ fai/netai e)/xein. ei) dh\ toiou=to/n e)sti kai\ to\ peri\ th\n a)ndrei/an, o( me\n qa/natos kai\ ta\ trau/mata luphra\ tw=| a)ndrei/w| kai\ a)/konti e)/stai, u(pomenei= de\ au)ta\ o(/ti kalo\n h)\ o(/ti ai)sxro\n to\ mh/. kai\ o(/sw| a)\n ma=llon th\n a)reth\n e)/xh| pa=san kai\ eu)daimone/steros h)=|, ma=llon e)pi\ tw=| qana/tw| luph/setai: tw=| toiou/tw| ga\r ma/lista zh=n a)/cion, kai\ ou(=tos megi/stwn a)gaqw=n a)posterei=tai ei)dw/s, luphro\n de\ tou=to. a)ll' ou)de\n h(=tton a)ndrei=os, i)/sws de\ kai\ ma=llon, o(/ti to\ e)n tw=| pole/mw| kalo\n a)nt' e)kei/nwn ai(rei=tai. ou) dh\ e)n a(pa/sais tai=s a)retai=s to\ h(de/ws e)nergei=n u(pa/rxei, plh\n e)f' o(/son tou= te/lous e)fa/ptetai. stratiw/tas d' ou)de\n i)/sws kwlu/ei mh\ tou\s toiou/tous krati/stous ei)=nai, a)lla\ tou\s h(=tton me\n a)ndrei/ous, a)/llo d' a)gaqo\n mhde\n e)/xontas: e(/toimoi ga\r ou(=toi pro\s tou\s kindu/nous, kai\ to\n bi/on pro\s mikra\ ke/rdh katalla/ttontai. peri\ me\n ou)=n a)ndrei/as e)pi\ tosou=ton ei)rh/sqw: ti/ d' e)sti/n, ou) xalepo\n tu/pw| ge perilabei=n e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn.
meta\ de\ tau/thn peri\ swfrosu/nhs le/gwmen: dokou=si ga\r tw=n a)lo/gwn merw=n au(=tai ei)=nai ai( a)retai/. o(/ti me\n ou)=n meso/ths e)sti\ peri\ h(dona\s h( swfrosu/nh, ei)/rhtai h(mi=n: h(=tton ga\r kai\ ou)x o(moi/ws e)sti\ peri\ ta\s lu/pas: e)n toi=s au)toi=s de\ kai\ h( a)kolasi/a fai/netai. peri\ poi/as ou)=n tw=n h(donw=n, nu=n a)fori/swmen. dih|rh/sqwsan dh\ ai( yuxikai\ kai\ ai( swmatikai/, oi(=on filotimi/a filoma/qeia: e(ka/teros ga\r tou/twn xai/rei, ou(= filhtiko/s e)stin, ou)de\n pa/sxontos tou= sw/matos, a)lla\ ma=llon th=s dianoi/as: oi( de\ peri\ ta\s toiau/tas h(dona\s ou)/te sw/frones ou)/te a)ko/lastoi le/gontai. o(moi/ws d' ou)d' oi( peri\ ta\s a)/llas o(/sai mh\ swmatikai/ ei)sin: tou\s ga\r filomu/qous kai\ dihghtikou\s kai\ peri\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn katatri/bontas ta\s h(me/ras a)dole/sxas, a)kola/stous d' ou) le/gomen,
ou)de\ tou\s lupoume/nous e)pi\ xrh/masin h)\ fi/lois. peri\ de\ ta\s swmatika\s ei)/h a)\n h( swfrosu/nh, ou) pa/sas de\ ou)de\ tau/tas: oi( ga\r xai/rontes toi=s dia\ th=s o)/yews, oi(=on xrw/masi kai\ sxh/masi kai\ grafh=|, ou)/te sw/frones ou)/te a)ko/lastoi le/gontai: kai/toi do/ceien a)\n ei)=nai kai\ w(s dei= xai/rein kai\ tou/tois, kai\ kaq' u(perbolh\n kai\ e)/lleiyin. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)n toi=s peri\ th\n a)koh/n: tou\s ga\r u(perbeblhme/nws xai/rontas me/lesin h)\ u(pokri/sei ou)qei\s a)kola/stous le/gei, ou)de\ tou\s w(s dei= sw/fronas. ou)de\ tou\s peri\ th\n o)smh/n, plh\n kata\ sumbebhko/s: tou\s ga\r xai/rontas mh/lwn h)\ r(o/dwn h)\ qumiama/twn o)smai=s ou) le/gomen a)kola/stous, a)lla\ ma=llon tou\s mu/rwn h)\ o)/ywn: xai/rousi ga\r tou/tois oi( a)ko/lastoi, o(/ti dia\ tou/twn a)na/mnhsis gi/netai au)toi=s tw=n e)piqumhma/twn. i)/doi d' a)/n tis kai\ tou\s a)/llous, o(/tan peinw=si, xai/rontas tai=s tw=n brwma/twn o)smai=s: to\ de\ toiou/tois xai/rein a)kola/stou: tou/tw| ga\r e)piqumh/mata tau=ta. ou)k e)/sti de\ ou)d' e)n toi=s a)/llois zw/|ois kata\ tau/tas ta\s ai)sqh/seis h(donh\ plh\n kata\ sumbebhko/s. ou)de\ ga\r tai=s o)smai=s tw=n lagww=n ai( ku/nes xai/rousin a)lla\ th=| brw/sei, th\n d' ai)/sqhsin h( o)smh\ e)poi/hsen: ou)d' o( le/wn th=| fwnh=| tou= boo\s a)lla\ th=| e)dwdh=|: o(/ti d' e)ggu/s e)sti, dia\ th=s fwnh=s h)/|sqeto, kai\ xai/rein dh\ tau/th| fai/netai: o(moi/ws d' ou)d' i)dw\n h)\ eu(rw\n e)/lafon h)\ a)/grion ai)=ga,
a)ll' o(/ti bora\n e(/cei. peri\ ta\s toiau/tas d' h(dona\s h( swfrosu/nh kai\ h( a)kolasi/a e)sti\n w(=n kai\ ta\ loipa\ zw=|a koinwnei=, o(/qen a)ndrapodw/deis kai\ qhriw/deis fai/nontai: au(=tai d' ei)si\n a(fh\ kai\ geu=sis. fai/nontai de\ kai\ th=| geu/sei e)pi\ mikro\n h)\ ou)qe\n xrh=sqai: th=s ga\r geu/sew/s e)stin h( kri/sis tw=n xumw=n, o(/per poiou=sin oi( tou\s oi)/nous dokima/zontes kai\ ta\ o)/ya a)rtu/ontes: ou) pa/nu de\ xai/rousi tou/tois, h)\ ou)x oi(/ ge a)ko/lastoi, a)lla\ th=| a)polau/sei, h(\ gi/netai pa=sa di' a(fh=s kai\ e)n siti/ois kai\ e)n potoi=s kai\ toi=s a)frodisi/ois legome/nois. dio\ kai\ hu)/cato/ tis o)yofa/gos w)\n to\n fa/rugga au(tw=| makro/teron gera/nou gene/sqai, w(s h(do/menos th=| a(fh=|.
koinota/th dh\ tw=n ai)sqh/sewn kaq' h(\n h( a)kolasi/a: kai\ do/ceien a)\n dikai/ws e)ponei/distos ei)=nai, o(/ti ou)x h(=| a)/nqrwpoi/ e)smen u(pa/rxei, a)ll' h(=| zw=|a. to\ dh\ toiou/tois xai/rein kai\ ma/lista a)gapa=n qhriw=des. kai\ ga\r ai( e)leuqeriw/tatai tw=n dia\ th=s a(fh=s h(donw=n a)fh/|rhntai, oi(=on ai( e)n toi=s gumnasi/ois dia\ tri/yews kai\ th=s qermasi/as gino/menai: ou) ga\r peri\ pa=n to\ sw=ma h( tou= a)kola/stou a(fh/, a)lla\ peri/ tina me/rh. tw=n d' e)piqumiw=n ai(\ me\n koinai\ dokou=sin ei)=nai, ai(\ d' i)/dioi kai\ e)pi/qetoi: oi(=on h( me\n th=s trofh=s fusikh/: pa=s ga\r e)piqumei= o( e)ndeh\s chra=s h)\ u(gra=s trofh=s, o(te\ de\ a)mfoi=n, kai\ eu)nh=s, fhsi\n *(/omhros, o( ne/os kai\ a)kma/zwn: to\ de\ toia=sde h)\ toia=sde, ou)ke/ti pa=s, ou)de\ tw=n au)tw=n. dio\ fai/netai h(me/teron ei)=nai. ou) mh\n a)ll' e)/xei ge/ ti kai\ fusiko/n: e(/tera ga\r e(te/rois e)sti\n h(de/a, kai\ e)/nia pa=sin h(di/w tw=n tuxo/ntwn. e)n me\n ou)=n tai=s fusikai=s e)piqumi/ais o)li/goi a(marta/nousi kai\ e)f' e(/n, e)pi\ to\ plei=on: to\ ga\r e)sqi/ein ta\ tuxo/nta h)\ pi/nein e(/ws a)\n u(perplhsqh=|, u(perba/llein e)sti\ to\ kata\ fu/sin tw=| plh/qei: a)naplh/rwsis ga\r th=s e)ndei/as h( fusikh\ e)piqumi/a. dio\ le/gontai ou(=toi gastri/margoi, w(s para\ to\ de/on plhrou=ntes au)th/n. toiou=toi de\ gi/nontai oi( li/an a)ndrapodw/deis. peri\ de\ ta\s i)di/as tw=n h(donw=n polloi\ kai\ pollaxw=s a(marta/nousin. tw=n ga\r filotoiou/twn legome/nwn h)\ tw=| xai/rein oi(=s mh\ dei=, h)\ tw=| ma=llon h)\ w(s oi( polloi/, h)\ mh\ w(s dei=, kata\ pa/nta d' oi( a)ko/lastoi u(perba/llousin: kai\ ga\r xai/rousin e)ni/ois oi(=s ou) dei= （mishta\ ga/r）, kai\ ei)/ tisi dei= xai/rein tw=n toiou/twn, ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ h)\ w(s oi( polloi\ xai/rousin. h( me\n ou)=n peri\ ta\s h(dona\s u(perbolh\ o(/ti a)kolasi/a kai\ yekto/n, dh=lon: peri\ de\ ta\s lu/pas ou)x w(/sper e)pi\ th=s a)ndrei/as tw=| u(pome/nein le/getai sw/frwn ou)d' a)ko/lastos tw=| mh/, a)ll' o( me\n a)ko/lastos tw=| lupei=sqai ma=llon h)\ dei= o(/ti tw=n h(de/wn ou) tugxa/nei （kai\ th\n lu/phn de\ poiei= au)tw=| h( h(donh/）, o( de\ sw/frwn tw=| mh\ lupei=sqai th=| a)pousi/a| kai\ tw=| a)pe/xesqai tou= h(de/os.
o( me\n ou)=n a)ko/lastos e)piqumei= tw=n h(de/wn pa/ntwn h)\ tw=n ma/lista, kai\ a)/getai u(po\ th=s e)piqumi/as w(/ste a)nti\ tw=n a)/llwn tau=q' ai(rei=sqai: dio\ kai\ lupei=tai kai\ a)potugxa/nwn kai\ e)piqumw=n: meta\ lu/phs ga\r h( e)piqumi/a: a)to/pw| d' e)/oike to\ di' h(donh\n lupei=sqai. e)llei/pontes de\ ta\ peri\ ta\s h(dona\s kai\ h(=tton h)\ dei= xai/rontes ou) pa/nu gi/nontai: ou) ga\r a)nqrwpikh/ e)stin h( toiau/th a)naisqhsi/a: kai\ ga\r ta\ loipa\ zw=|a diakri/nei ta\ brw/mata, kai\ toi=s me\n xai/rei toi=s d' ou)/: ei) de/ tw| mhde/n e)stin h(du\ mhde\ diafe/rei e(/teron e(te/rou, po/rrw a)\n ei)/h tou= a)/nqrwpos ei)=nai: ou) te/teuxe d' o( toiou=tos o)no/matos dia\ to\ mh\ pa/nu gi/nesqai. o( de\ sw/frwn me/sws me\n peri\ tau=t' e)/xei: ou)/te ga\r h(/detai oi(=s ma/lista o( a)ko/lastos, a)lla\ ma=llon dusxerai/nei, ou)d' o(/lws oi(=s mh\ dei= ou)de\ sfo/dra toiou/tw| ou)deni/, ou)/t' a)po/ntwn lupei=tai ou)d' e)piqumei=, h)\ metri/ws, ou)de\ ma=llon h)\ dei=, ou)d' o(/te mh\ dei=, ou)d' o(/lws tw=n toiou/twn ou)de/n: o(/sa de\ pro\s u(gi/eia/n e)stin h)\ pro\s eu)eci/an h(de/a o)/nta, tou/twn o)re/cetai metri/ws kai\ w(s dei=, kai\ tw=n a)/llwn h(de/wn mh\ e)mpodi/wn tou/tois o)/ntwn h)\ para\ to\ kalo\n h)\ u(pe\r th\n ou)si/an. o( ga\r ou(/tws e)/xwn ma=llon a)gapa=| ta\s toiau/tas h(dona\s th=s a)ci/as: o( de\ sw/frwn ou) toiou=tos, a)ll' w(s o( o)rqo\s lo/gos.
e(kousi/w| de\ ma=llon e)/oiken h( a)kolasi/a th=s deili/as. h(\ me\n ga\r di' h(donh/n, h(\ de\ dia\ lu/phn, w(=n to\ me\n ai(reto/n, to\ de\ feukto/n: kai\ h( me\n lu/ph e)ci/sthsi kai\ fqei/rei th\n tou= e)/xontos fu/sin, h( de\ h(donh\ ou)de\n toiou=to poiei=. ma=llon dh\ e(kou/sion. dio\ kai\ e)poneidisto/teron: kai\ ga\r e)qisqh=nai r(a=|on pro\s au)ta/: polla\ ga\r e)n tw=| bi/w| ta\ toiau=ta, kai\ oi( e)qismoi\ a)ki/ndunoi, e)pi\ de\ tw=n foberw=n a)na/palin. do/ceie d' a)\n ou)x o(moi/ws e(kou/sion h( deili/a ei)=nai toi=s kaq' e(/kaston: au)th\ me\n ga\r a)/lupos, tau=ta de\ dia\ lu/phn e)ci/sthsin, w(/ste kai\ ta\ o(/pla r(iptei=n kai\ ta)=lla a)sxhmonei=n: dio\ kai\ dokei= bi/aia ei)=nai. tw=| d' a)kola/stw| a)na/palin ta\ me\n kaq' e(/kasta e(kou/sia （e)piqumou=nti ga\r kai\ o)regome/nw|）, to\ d' o(/lon h(=tton: ou)qei\s ga\r e)piqumei= a)ko/lastos ei)=nai. to\ d' o)/noma th=s a)kolasi/as kai\ e)pi\ ta\s paidika\s a(marti/as fe/romen:
e)/xousi ga/r tina o(moio/thta. po/teron d' a)po\ pote/rou kalei=tai, ou)qe\n pro\s ta\ nu=n diafe/rei, dh=lon d' o(/ti to\ u(/steron a)po\ tou= prote/rou. ou) kakw=s d' e)/oike metenhne/xqai: kekola/sqai ga\r dei= to\ tw=n ai)sxrw=n o)rego/menon kai\ pollh\n au)/chsin e)/xon, toiou=ton de\ ma/lista h( e)piqumi/a kai\ o( pai=s: kat' e)piqumi/an ga\r zw=si kai\ ta\ paidi/a, kai\ ma/lista e)n tou/tois h( tou= h(de/os o)/recis. ei) ou)=n mh\ e)/stai eu)peiqe\s kai\ u(po\ to\ a)/rxon, e)pi\ polu\ h(/cei: a)/plhstos ga\r h( tou= h(de/os o)/recis kai\ pantaxo/qen tw=| a)noh/tw|, kai\ h( th=s e)piqumi/as e)ne/rgeia au)/cei to\ suggene/s, ka)\n mega/lai kai\ sfodrai\ w)=si, kai\ to\n logismo\n e)kkrou/ousin. dio\ dei= metri/as ei)=nai au)ta\s kai\ o)li/gas, kai\ tw=| lo/gw| mhqe\n e)nantiou=sqai—to\ de\ toiou=ton eu)peiqe\s le/gomen kai\ kekolasme/non—w(/sper de\ to\n pai=da dei= kata\ to\ pro/stagma tou= paidagwgou= zh=n, ou(/tw kai\ to\ e)piqumhtiko\n kata\ to\n lo/gon. dio\ dei= tou= sw/fronos to\ e)piqumhtiko\n sumfwnei=n tw=| lo/gw|: skopo\s ga\r a)mfoi=n to\ kalo/n, kai\ e)piqumei= o( sw/frwn w(=n dei= kai\ w(s dei= kai\ o(/te: ou(/tw de\ ta/ttei kai\ o( lo/gos. tau=t' ou)=n h(mi=n ei)rh/sqw peri\ swfrosu/nhs.
Book 4
le/gwmen d' e(ch=s peri\ e)leuqerio/thtos. dokei= dh\ ei)=nai h( peri\ xrh/mata meso/ths: e)painei=tai ga\r o( e)leuqe/rios ou)k e)n toi=s polemikoi=s, ou)d' e)n oi(=s o( sw/frwn, ou)d' au)= e)n tai=s kri/sesin, a)lla\ peri\ do/sin xrhma/twn kai\ lh=yin, ma=llon d' e)n th=| do/sei. xrh/mata de\ le/gomen pa/nta o(/swn h( a)ci/a nomi/smati metrei=tai. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( a)swti/a kai\ h( a)neleuqeri/a peri\ xrh/mata u(perbolai\ kai\ e)llei/yeis: kai\ th\n me\n a)neleuqeri/an prosa/ptomen a)ei\ toi=s ma=llon h)\ dei= peri\ xrh/mata spouda/zousi, th\n d' a)swti/an e)pife/romen e)ni/ote sumple/kontes: tou\s ga\r a)kratei=s kai\ ei)s a)kolasi/an dapanhrou\s a)sw/tous kalou=men. dio\ kai\ faulo/tatoi dokou=sin ei)=nai: polla\s ga\r a(/ma kaki/as e)/xousin. ou) dh\ oi)kei/ws prosagoreu/ontai: bou/letai ga\r a)/swtos ei)=nai o( e(\n kako\n e)/xwn,
to\ fqei/rein th\n ou)si/an: a)/swtos ga\r o( di' au(to\n a)pollu/menos, dokei= d' a)pw/leia/ tis au(tou= ei)=nai kai\ h( th=s ou)si/as fqora/, w(s tou= zh=n dia\ tou/twn o)/ntos. ou(/tw dh\ th\n a)swti/an e)kdexo/meqa. w(=n d' e)sti\ xrei/a, e)/sti tou/tois xrh=sqai kai\ eu)= kai\ kakw=s: o( plou=tos d' e)sti\ tw=n xrhsi/mwn: e(ka/stw| d' a)/rista xrh=tai o( e)/xwn th\n peri\ tou=to a)reth/n: kai\ plou/tw| dh\ xrh/setai a)/rista o( e)/xwn th\n peri\ ta\ xrh/mata a)reth/n: ou(=tos d' e)sti\n o( e)leuqe/rios. xrh=sis d' ei)=nai dokei= xrhma/twn dapa/nh kai\ do/sis: h( de\ lh=yis kai\ h( fulakh\ kth=sis ma=llon. dio\ ma=llo/n e)sti tou= e)leuqeri/ou to\ dido/nai oi(=s dei= h)\ lamba/nein o(/qen dei= kai\ mh\ lamba/nein o(/qen ou) dei=. th=s ga\r a)reth=s ma=llon to\ eu)= poiei=n h)\ to\ eu)= pa/sxein, kai\ ta\ kala\ pra/ttein ma=llon h)\ ta\ ai)sxra\ mh\ pra/ttein: ou)k a)/dhlon d' o(/ti th=| me\n do/sei e(/petai to\ eu)= poiei=n kai\ to\ kala\ pra/ttein, th=| de\ lh/yei to\ eu)= pa/sxein h)\ mh\ ai)sxropragei=n. kai\ h( xa/ris tw=| dido/nti, ou) tw=| mh\ lamba/nonti, kai\ o( e)/painos de\ ma=llon. kai\ r(a=|on de\ to\ mh\ labei=n tou= dou=nai: to\ ga\r oi)kei=on h(=tton proi/+entai ma=llon h)\ ou) lamba/nousi to\ a)llo/trion. kai\ e)leuqe/rioi de\ le/gontai oi( dido/ntes: oi( de\ mh\ lamba/nontes ou)k ei)s e)leuqerio/thta e)painou=ntai, a)ll' ou)x h(=tton ei)s dikaiosu/nhn: oi( de\ lamba/nontes ou)d' e)painou=ntai pa/nu. filou=ntai de\ sxedo\n ma/lista oi( e)leuqe/rioi tw=n a)p' a)reth=s: w)fe/limoi ga\r, tou=to d' e)n th=| do/sei. ai( de\ kat' a)reth\n pra/ceis kalai\ kai\ tou= kalou= e(/neka. kai\ o( e)leuqe/rios ou)=n dw/sei tou= kalou= e(/neka kai\ o)rqw=s: oi(=s ga\r dei= kai\ o(/sa kai\ o(/te, kai\ ta)=lla o(/sa e(/petai th=| o)rqh=| do/sei: kai\ tau=ta h(de/ws h)\ a)lu/pws: to\ ga\r kat' a)reth\n h(du\ h)\ a)/lupon, h(/kista de\ luphro/n. o( de\ didou\s oi(=s mh\ dei=, h)\ mh\ tou= kalou= e(/neka a)lla\ dia/ tin' a)/llhn ai)ti/an, ou)k e)leuqe/rios a)ll' a)/llos tis r(hqh/setai. ou)d' o( luphrw=s: ma=llon ga\r e(/loit' a)\n ta\ xrh/mata th=s kalh=s pra/cews, tou=to d' ou)k e)leuqeri/ou. ou)de\ lh/yetai de\ o(/qen mh\ dei=: ou) ga/r e)sti tou= mh\ timw=ntos ta\ xrh/mata h( toiau/th lh=yis. ou)k a)\n ei)/h de\ ou)d' ai)thtiko/s: ou) ga/r e)sti tou= eu)= poiou=ntos eu)xerw=s eu)ergetei=sqai. o(/qen de\ dei=, lh/yetai,
oi(=on a)po\ tw=n i)di/wn kthma/twn, ou)x w(s kalo\n a)ll' w(s a)nagkai=on, o(/pws e)/xh| dido/nai. ou)d' a)melh/sei tw=n i)di/wn, boulo/meno/s ge dia\ tou/twn tisi\n e)parkei=n. ou)de\ toi=s tuxou=si dw/sei, i(/na e)/xh| dido/nai oi(=s dei= kai\ o(/te kai\ ou(= kalo/n. e)leuqeri/ou d' e)sti\ sfo/dra kai\ to\ u(perba/llein e)n th=| do/sei, w(/ste katalei/pein e(autw=| e)la/ttw: to\ ga\r mh\ ble/pein e)f' e(auto\n e)leuqeri/ou. kata\ th\n ou)si/an d' h( e)leuqerio/ths le/getai: ou) ga\r e)n tw=| plh/qei tw=n didome/nwn to\ e)leuqe/rion, a)ll' e)n th=| tou= dido/ntos e(/cei, au(/th de\ kata\ th\n ou)si/an di/dwsin. ou)qe\n dh\ kwlu/ei e)leuqeriw/teron ei)=nai to\n ta\ e)la/ttw dido/nta, e)a\n a)p' e)latto/nwn didw=|. e)leuqeriw/teroi de\ ei)=nai dokou=sin oi( mh\ kthsa/menoi a)lla\ paralabo/ntes th\n ou)si/an: a)/peiroi/ te ga\r th=s e)ndei/as, kai\ pa/ntes a)gapw=si ma=llon ta\ au(tw=n e)/rga, w(/sper oi( gonei=s kai\ oi( poihtai/. ploutei=n d' ou) r(a/|dion to\n e)leuqe/rion, mh/te lhptiko\n o)/nta mh/te fulaktiko/n, proetiko\n de\ kai\ mh\ timw=nta di' au)ta\ ta\ xrh/mata a)ll' e(/neka th=s do/sews. dio\ kai\ e)gkalei=tai th=| tu/xh| o(/ti oi( ma/lista a)/cioi o)/ntes h(/kista ploutou=sin. sumbai/nei d' ou)k a)lo/gws tou=to: ou) ga\r oi(=o/n te xrh/mat' e)/xein mh\ e)pimelo/menon o(/pws e)/xh|, w(/sper ou)d' e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn. ou) mh\n dw/sei ge oi(=s ou) dei= ou)d' o(/te mh\ dei=, ou)d' o(/sa a)/lla toiau=ta: ou) ga\r a)\n e)/ti pra/ttoi kata\ th\n e)leuqerio/thta, kai\ ei)s tau=ta a)nalw/sas ou)k a)\n e)/xoi ei)s a(\ dei= a)nali/skein. w(/sper ga\r ei)/rhtai, e)leuqe/rio/s e)stin o( kata\ th\n ou)si/an dapanw=n kai\ ei)s a(\ dei=: o( d' u(perba/llwn a)/swtos. dio\ tou\s tura/nnous ou) le/gomen a)sw/tous: to\ ga\r plh=qos th=s kth/sews ou) dokei= r(a/|dion ei)=nai tai=s do/sesi kai\ tai=s dapa/nais u(perba/llein. th=s e)leuqerio/thtos dh\ meso/thtos ou)/shs peri\ xrhma/twn do/sin kai\ lh=yin, o( e)leuqe/rios kai\ dw/sei kai\ dapanh/sei ei)s a(\ dei= kai\ o(/sa dei=, o(moi/ws e)n mikroi=s kai\ mega/lois, kai\ tau=ta h(de/ws: kai\ lh/yetai d' o(/qen dei= kai\ o(/sa dei=. th=s a)reth=s ga\r peri\ a)/mfw ou)/shs meso/thtos, poih/sei a)mfo/tera w(s dei=: e(/petai ga\r th=| e)pieikei= do/sei h( toiau/th lh=yis, h( de\ mh\ toiau/th e)nanti/a e)sti/n. ai( me\n ou)=n e(po/menai gi/nontai a(/ma e)n tw=| au)tw=|, ai( d' e)nanti/ai dh=lon w(s ou)/.
e)a\n de\ para\ to\ de/on kai\ to\ kalw=s e)/xon sumbai/nh| au)tw=| a)nali/skein, luph/setai, metri/ws de\ kai\ w(s dei=: th=s a)reth=s ga\r kai\ h(/desqai kai\ lupei=sqai e)f' oi(=s dei= kai\ w(s dei=. kai\ eu)koinw/nhtos d' e)sti\n o( e)leuqe/rios ei)s xrh/mata: du/natai ga\r a)dikei=sqai, mh\ timw=n ge ta\ xrh/mata, kai\ ma=llon a)xqo/menos ei)/ ti de/on mh\ a)na/lwsen h)\ lupou/menos ei) mh\ de/on ti a)na/lwsen, kai\ tw=| *simwni/dh| ou)k a)resko/menos. o( d' a)/swtos kai\ e)n tou/tois diamarta/nei: ou)/te ga\r h(/detai e)f' oi(=s dei= ou)de\ w(s dei= ou)/te lupei=tai: e)/stai de\ proi+ou=si fanerw/teron. ei)/rhtai dh\ h(mi=n o(/ti u(perbolai\ kai\ e)llei/yeis ei)si\n h( a)swti/a kai\ h( a)neleuqeri/a, kai\ e)n dusi/n, e)n do/sei kai\ lh/yei: kai\ th\n dapa/nhn ga\r ei)s th\n do/sin ti/qemen. h( me\n ou)=n a)swti/a tw=| dido/nai kai\ mh\ lamba/nein u(perba/llei, tw=| de\ lamba/nein e)llei/pei, h( d' a)neleuqeri/a tw=| dido/nai me\n e)llei/pei, tw=| lamba/nein d' u(perba/llei, plh\n e)n mikroi=s. ta\ me\n ou)=n th=s a)swti/as ou) pa/nu sundua/zetai: ou) ga\r r(a/|dion mhdamo/qen lamba/nonta pa=si dido/nai: taxe/ws ga\r e)pilei/pei h( ou)si/a tou\s i)diw/tas dido/ntas, oi(/per kai\ dokou=sin a)/swtoi ei)=nai: e)pei\ o(/ ge toiou=tos do/ceien a)\n ou) mikrw=| belti/wn ei)=nai tou= a)neleuqe/rou. eu)i/ato/s te ga/r e)sti kai\ u(po\ th=s h(liki/as kai\ u(po\ th=s a)pori/as, kai\ e)pi\ to\ me/son du/natai e)lqei=n. e)/xei ga\r ta\ tou= e)leuqeri/ou: kai\ ga\r di/dwsi kai\ ou) lamba/nei, ou)de/teron d' w(s dei= ou)d' eu)=. ei) dh\ tou=to e)qisqei/h h)/ pws a)/llws metaba/loi, ei)/h a)\n e)leuqe/rios: dw/sei ga\r oi(=s dei=, kai\ ou) lh/yetai o(/qen ou) dei=. dio\ kai\ dokei= ou)k ei)=nai fau=los to\ h)=qos: ou) ga\r moxqhrou= ou)d' a)gennou=s to\ u(perba/llein dido/nta kai\ mh\ lamba/nonta, h)liqi/ou de/. o( de\ tou=ton to\n tro/pon a)/swtos polu\ dokei= belti/wn tou= a)neleuqe/rou ei)=nai dia/ te ta\ ei)rhme/na, kai\ o(/ti o(\ me\n w)felei= pollou/s, o(\ de\ ou)qe/na, a)ll' ou)d' au(to/n. a)ll' oi( polloi\ tw=n a)sw/twn, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai, kai\ lamba/nousin o(/qen mh\ dei=, kai\ ei)si\ kata\ tou=to a)neleu/qeroi. lhptikoi\ de\ gi/nontai dia\ to\ bou/lesqai me\n a)nali/skein, eu)xerw=s de\ tou=to poiei=n mh\ du/nasqai: taxu\ ga\r e)pilei/pei au)tou\s ta\ u(pa/rxonta. a)nagka/zontai ou)=n e(te/rwqen pori/zein.
a(/ma de\ kai\ dia\ to\ mhde\n tou= kalou= fronti/zein o)ligw/rws kai\ pa/ntoqen lamba/nousin: dido/nai ga\r e)piqumou=si, to\ de\ pw=s h)\ po/qen ou)de\n au)toi=s diafe/rei. dio/per ou)d' e)leuqe/rioi ai( do/seis au)tw=n ei)si/n: ou) ga\r kalai/, ou)de\ tou/tou e(/neka, ou)de\ w(s dei=: a)ll' e)ni/ote ou(\s dei= pe/nesqai, tou/tous plousi/ous poiou=si, kai\ toi=s me\n metri/ois ta\ h)/qh ou)de\n a)\n doi=en, toi=s de\ ko/lacin h)/ tin' a)/llhn h(donh\n pori/zousi polla/. dio\ kai\ a)ko/lastoi au)tw=n ei)si\n oi( polloi/: eu)xerw=s ga\r a)nali/skontes kai\ ei)s ta\s a)kolasi/as dapanhroi/ ei)si, kai\ dia\ to\ mh\ pro\s to\ kalo\n zh=n pro\s ta\s h(dona\s a)pokli/nousin. o( me\n ou)=n a)/swtos a)paidagw/ghtos geno/menos ei)s tau=ta metabai/nei, tuxw\n d' e)pimelei/as ei)s to\ me/son kai\ ei)s to\ de/on a)fi/koit' a)/n. h( d' a)neleuqeri/a a)ni/ato/s t' e)sti/n （dokei= ga\r to\ gh=ras kai\ pa=sa a)dunami/a a)neleuqe/rous poiei=n）, kai\ sumfue/steron toi=s a)nqrw/pois th=s a)swti/as: oi( ga\r polloi\ filoxrh/matoi ma=llon h)\ dotikoi/. kai\ diatei/nei d' e)pi\ polu/, kai\ polueide/s e)stin: polloi\ ga\r tro/poi dokou=si th=s a)neleuqeri/as ei)=nai. e)n dusi\ ga\r ou)=sa, th=| t' e)llei/yei th=s do/sews kai\ th=| u(perbolh=| th=s lh/yews, ou) pa=sin o(lo/klhros paragi/netai, a)ll' e)ni/ote xwri/zetai, kai\ oi(\ me\n th=| lh/yei u(perba/llousin, oi(\ de\ th=| do/sei e)llei/pousin. oi( me\n ga\r e)n tai=s toiau/tais proshgori/ais oi(=on feidwloi\ gli/sxroi ki/mbikes, pa/ntes th=| do/sei e)llei/pousi, tw=n d' a)llotri/wn ou)k e)fi/entai ou)de\ bou/lontai lamba/nein, oi(\ me\n dia/ tina e)piei/keian kai\ eu)la/beian tw=n ai)sxrw=n （dokou=si ga\r e)/nioi h)\ fasi/ ge dia\ tou=to fula/ttein, i(/na mh/ pot' a)nagkasqw=sin ai)sxro/n ti pra=cai: tou/twn de\ kai\ o( kuminopri/sths kai\ pa=s o( toiou=tos: w)no/mastai d' a)po\ th=s u(perbolh=s tou= mhde\n a)\n dou=nai）: oi(\ d' au)= dia\ fo/bon a)pe/xontai tw=n a)llotri/wn w(s ou) r(a/|dion au)to\n me\n ta\ e(te/rwn lamba/nein, ta\ d' au)tou= e(te/rous mh/: a)re/skei ou)=n au)toi=s to\ mh/te lamba/nein mh/te dido/nai. oi(\ d' au)= kata\ th\n lh=yin u(perba/llousi tw=| pa/ntoqen lamba/nein kai\ pa=n, oi(=on oi( ta\s a)neleuqe/rous e)rgasi/as e)rgazo/menoi, pornoboskoi\ kai\ pa/ntes oi( toiou=toi, kai\ tokistai\ kata\ mikra\ kai\ e)pi\ pollw=|.
pa/ntes ga\r ou(=toi o(/qen ou) dei= lamba/nousi, kai\ o(po/son ou) dei=. koino\n d' e)p' au)toi=s h( ai)sxroke/rdeia fai/netai: pa/ntes ga\r e(/neka ke/rdous, kai\ tou/tou mikrou=, o)nei/dh u(pome/nousin. tou\s ga\r ta\ mega/la mh\ o(/qen de\ dei= lamba/nontas, mhde\ a(\ dei=, ou) le/gomen a)neleuqe/rous, oi(=on tou\s tura/nnous po/leis porqou=ntas kai\ i(era\ sulw=ntas, a)lla\ ponhrou\s ma=llon kai\ a)sebei=s kai\ a)di/kous. o( me/ntoi kubeuth\s kai\ o( lwpodu/ths kai\ o( lh|sth\s tw=n a)neleuqe/rwn ei)si/n: ai)sxrokerdei=s ga/r. ke/rdous ga\r e(/neka a)mfo/teroi pragmateu/ontai kai\ o)nei/dh u(pome/nousin, kai\ oi(\ me\n kindu/nous tou\s megi/stous e(/neka tou= lh/mmatos, oi(\ d' a)po\ tw=n fi/lwn kerdai/nousin, oi(=s dei= dido/nai. a)mfo/teroi dh\ o(/qen ou) dei= kerdai/nein boulo/menoi ai)sxrokerdei=s: kai\ pa=sai dh\ ai( toiau=tai lh/yeis a)neleu/qeroi. ei)ko/tws de\ th=| e)leuqerio/thti a)neleuqeri/a e)nanti/on le/getai: mei=zo/n te ga/r e)sti kako\n th=s a)swti/as, kai\ ma=llon e)pi\ tau/thn a(marta/nousin h)\ kata\ th\n lexqei=san a)swti/an. peri\ me\n ou)=n e)leuqerio/thtos kai\ tw=n a)ntikeime/nwn kakiw=n tosau=t' ei)rh/sqw.
do/cai d' a)\n a)ko/louqon ei)=nai kai\ peri\ megaloprepei/as dielqei=n. dokei= ga\r kai\ au)th\ peri\ xrh/mata/ tis a)reth\ ei)=nai: ou)x w(/sper d' h( e)leuqerio/ths diatei/nei peri\ pa/sas ta\s e)n xrh/masi pra/ceis, a)lla\ peri\ ta\s dapanhra\s mo/non: e)n tou/tois d' u(pere/xei th=s e)leuqerio/thtos mege/qei. kaqa/per ga\r tou)/noma au)to\ u(poshmai/nei, e)n mege/qei pre/pousa dapa/nh e)sti/n. to\ de\ me/geqos pro/s ti: ou) ga\r to\ au)to\ dapa/nhma trihra/rxw| kai\ a)rxiqewrw=|. to\ pre/pon dh\ pro\s au)to/n, kai\ e)n w(=| kai\ peri\ o(/. o( d' e)n mikroi=s h)\ e)n metri/ois kat' a)ci/an dapanw=n ou) le/getai megalopreph/s, oi(=on to\ polla/ki do/skon a)lh/th|,
Hom. Od. 17.420 a)ll' o( e)n mega/lois ou(/tws. o( me\n ga\r megalopreph\s e)leuqe/rios, o( d' e)leuqe/rios ou)de\n ma=llon megalopreph/s. th=s toiau/ths d' e(/cews h( me\n e)/lleiyis mikropre/peia kalei=tai, h( d' u(perbolh\ banausi/a kai\ a)peirokali/a kai\ o(/sai toiau=tai, ou)x u(perba/llousai tw=| mege/qei peri\ a(\ dei=, a)ll' e)n oi(=s ou) dei= kai\ w(s ou) dei= lampruno/menai: u(/steron d' u(pe\r au)tw=n e)rou=men. o( de\ megalopreph\s e)pisth/moni e)/oiken: to\ pre/pon ga\r du/natai qewrh=sai kai\ dapanh=sai mega/la e)mmelw=s.
w(/sper ga\r e)n a)rxh=| ei)/pomen, h( e(/cis tai=s e)nergei/ais o(ri/zetai, kai\ w(=n e)sti/n. ai( dh\ tou= megaloprepou=s dapa/nai mega/lai kai\ pre/pousai. toiau=ta dh\ kai\ ta\ e)/rga: ou(/tw ga\r e)/stai me/ga dapa/nhma kai\ pre/pon tw=| e)/rgw|. w(/ste to\ me\n e)/rgon th=s dapa/nhs a)/cion dei= ei)=nai, th\n de\ dapa/nhn tou= e)/rgou, h)\ kai\ u(perba/llein. dapanh/sei de\ ta\ toiau=ta o( megalopreph\s tou= kalou= e(/neka: koino\n ga\r tou=to tai=s a)retai=s. kai\ e)/ti h(de/ws kai\ proetikw=s: h( ga\r a)kribologi/a mikroprepe/s. kai\ pw=s ka/lliston kai\ prepwde/staton, ske/yait' a)\n ma=llon h)\ po/sou kai\ pw=s e)laxi/stou. a)nagkai=on dh\ kai\ e)leuqe/rion to\n megalopreph= ei)=nai. kai\ ga\r o( e)leuqe/rios dapanh/sei a(\ dei= kai\ w(s dei=: e)n tou/tois de\ to\ me/ga tou= megaloprepou=s, oi(=on me/geqos, peri\ tau=ta th=s e)leuqerio/thtos ou)/shs, kai\ a)po\ th=s i)/shs dapa/nhs to\ e)/rgon poih/sei megaloprepe/steron. ou) ga\r h( au)th\ a)reth\ kth/matos kai\ e)/rgou. kth=ma me\n ga\r to\ plei/stou a)/cion timiw/taton, oi(=on xruso/s, e)/rgon de\ to\ me/ga kai\ kalo/n （tou= ga\r toiou/tou h( qewri/a qaumasth/, to\ de\ megaloprepe\s qaumasto/n）: kai\ e)/stin e)/rgou a)reth/, megalopre/peia, e)n mege/qei. e)/sti de\ tw=n dapanhma/twn oi(=a le/gomen ta\ ti/mia, oi(=on ta\ peri\ qeou/s, a)naqh/mata kai\ kataskeuai\ kai\ qusi/ai, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ pa=n to\ daimo/nion, kai\ o(/sa pro\s to\ koino\n eu)filoti/mhta/ e)stin, oi(=on ei)/ pou xorhgei=n oi)/ontai dei=n lamprw=s h)\ trihrarxei=n h)\ kai\ e(stia=n th\n po/lin. e)n a(/pasi d' w(/sper ei)/rhtai, kai\ pro\s to\n pra/ttonta a)nafe/retai to\ ti/s w)\n kai\ ti/nwn u(parxo/ntwn: a)/cia ga\r dei= tou/twn ei)=nai, kai\ mh\ mo/non tw=| e)/rgw| a)lla\ kai\ tw=| poiou=nti pre/pein. dio\ pe/nhs me\n ou)k a)\n ei)/h megalopreph/s: ou) ga\r e)/stin a)f' w(=n polla\ dapanh/sei prepo/ntws: o( d' e)pixeirw=n h)li/qios: para\ th\n a)ci/an ga\r kai\ to\ de/on, kat' a)reth\n de\ to\ o)rqw=s. pre/pei de\ kai\ oi(=s toiau=ta prou+pa/rxei di' au)tw=n h)\ tw=n progo/nwn h)\ w(=n au)toi=s me/testin, kai\ toi=s eu)gene/si kai\ toi=s e)ndo/cois kai\ o(/sa toiau=ta: pa/nta ga\r tau=ta me/geqos e)/xei kai\ a)ci/wma. ma/lista me\n ou)=n toiou=tos o( megalopreph/s, kai\ e)n toi=s toiou/tois dapanh/masin h( megalopre/peia, w(/sper ei)/rhtai: me/gista ga\r kai\ e)ntimo/tata: tw=n de\ i)di/wn o(/sa ei)sa/pac gi/netai,
oi(=on ga/mos kai\ ei)/ ti toiou=ton, kai\ ei) peri/ ti h( pa=sa po/lis spouda/zei h)\ oi( e)n a)ciw/mati, kai\ peri\ ce/nwn de\ u(podoxa\s kai\ a)postola/s, kai\ dwrea\s kai\ a)ntidwrea/s: ou) ga\r ei)s e(auto\n dapanhro\s o( megalopreph\s a)ll' ei)s ta\ koina/, ta\ de\ dw=ra toi=s a)naqh/masin e)/xei ti o(/moion. megaloprepou=s de\ kai\ oi)=kon kataskeua/sasqai prepo/ntws tw=| plou/tw| （ko/smos ga/r tis kai\ ou(=tos）, kai\ peri\ tau=ta ma=llon dapana=n o(/sa poluxro/nia tw=n e)/rgwn （ka/llista ga\r tau=ta）, kai\ e)n e(ka/stois to\ pre/pon: ou) ga\r tau)ta\ a(rmo/zei qeoi=s kai\ a)nqrw/pois, ou)d' e)n i(erw=| kai\ ta/fw|. kai\ e)pei\ tw=n dapanhma/twn e(/kaston me/ga e)n tw=| ge/nei, kai\ megaloprepe/staton a(plw=s me\n to\ e)n mega/lw| me/ga, e)ntau=qa de\ to\ e)n tou/tois me/ga, kai\ diafe/rei to\ e)n tw=| e)/rgw| me/ga tou= e)n tw=| dapanh/mati: sfai=ra me\n ga\r h( kalli/sth h)\ lh/kuqos megalopre/peian e)/xei paidikou= dw/rou, h( de\ tou/tou timh\ mikro\n kai\ a)neleu/qeron: dia\ tou=to/ e)sti tou= megaloprepou=s, e)n w(=| a)\n poih=| ge/nei, megaloprepw=s poiei=n （to\ ga\r toiou=ton ou)k eu)upe/rblhton） kai\ e)/xon kat' a)ci/an tou= dapanh/matos. toiou=tos me\n ou)=n o( megalopreph/s: o( d' u(perba/llwn kai\ ba/nausos tw=| para\ to\ de/on a)nali/skein u(perba/llei, w(/sper ei)/rhtai. e)n ga\r toi=s mikroi=s tw=n dapanhma/twn polla\ a)nali/skei kai\ lampru/netai para\ me/los, oi(=on e)ranista\s gamikw=s e(stiw=n, kai\ kwmw|doi=s xorhgw=n e)n th=| paro/dw| porfu/ran ei)sfe/rwn, w(/sper oi( *megaroi=. kai\ pa/nta ta\ toiau=ta poih/sei ou) tou= kalou= e(/neka, a)lla\ to\n plou=ton e)pideiknu/menos, kai\ dia\ tau=ta oi)o/menos qauma/zesqai, kai\ ou(= me\n dei= polla\ a)nalw=sai, o)li/ga dapanw=n, ou(= d' o)li/ga, polla/. o( de\ mikropreph\s peri\ pa/nta e)llei/yei, kai\ ta\ me/gista a)nalw/sas e)n mikrw=| to\ kalo\n a)polei=, kai\ o(/ ti a)\n poih=| me/llwn kai\ skopw=n pw=s a)\n e)la/xiston a)nalw/sai, kai\ tau=t' o)duro/menos, kai\ pa/nt' oi)o/menos mei/zw poiei=n h)\ dei=. ei)si\ me\n ou)=n ai( e(/ceis au(=tai kaki/ai, ou) mh\n o)nei/dh g' e)pife/rousi dia\ to\ mh/te blaberai\ tw=| pe/las ei)=nai mh/te li/an a)sxh/mones.
h( de\ megaloyuxi/a peri\ mega/la me\n kai\ e)k tou= o)no/matos e)/oiken ei)=nai, peri\ poi=a d' e)sti\ prw=ton la/bwmen:
diafe/rei d' ou)de\n th\n e(/cin h)\ to\n kata\ th\n e(/cin skopei=n. dokei= dh\ megalo/yuxos ei)=nai o( mega/lwn au(to\n a)ciw=n a)/cios w)/n: o( ga\r mh\ kat' a)ci/an au)to\ poiw=n h)li/qios, tw=n de\ kat' a)reth\n ou)dei\s h)li/qios ou)d' a)no/htos. megalo/yuxos me\n ou)=n o( ei)rhme/nos. o( ga\r mikrw=n a)/cios kai\ tou/twn a)ciw=n e(auto\n sw/frwn, megalo/yuxos d' ou)/: e)n mege/qei ga\r h( megaloyuxi/a, w(/sper kai\ to\ ka/llos e)n mega/lw| sw/mati, oi( mikroi\ d' a)stei=oi kai\ su/mmetroi, kaloi\ d' ou)/. o( de\ mega/lwn e(auto\n a)ciw=n a)na/cios w)\n xau=nos: o( de\ meizo/nwn h)\ a)/cios ou) pa=s xau=nos. o( d' e)latto/nwn h)\ a)/cios mikro/yuxos, e)a/n te mega/lwn e)a/n te metri/wn, e)a/n te kai\ mikrw=n a)/cios w)\n e)/ti e)latto/nwn au(to\n a)cioi=. kai\ ma/list' a)\n do/ceien o( mega/lwn a)/cios: ti/ ga\r a)\n e)poi/ei, ei) mh\ tosou/twn h)=n a)/cios; e)/sti dh\ o( megalo/yuxos tw=| me\n mege/qei a)/kros, tw=| de\ w(s dei= me/sos: tou= ga\r kat' a)ci/an au(to\n a)cioi=: oi(\ d' u(perba/llousi kai\ e)llei/pousin. ei) dh\ mega/lwn e(auto\n a)cioi= a)/cios w)/n, kai\ ma/lista tw=n megi/stwn, peri\ e(\n ma/list' a)\n ei)/h. h( d' a)ci/a le/getai pro\s ta\ e)kto\s a)gaqa/: me/giston de\ tou=t' a)\n qei/hmen o(\ toi=s qeoi=s a)pone/momen, kai\ ou(= ma/list' e)fi/entai oi( e)n a)ciw/mati, kai\ to\ e)pi\ toi=s kalli/stois a)=qlon: toiou=ton d' h( timh/: me/giston ga\r dh\ tou=to tw=n e)kto\s a)gaqw=n: peri\ tima\s dh\ kai\ a)timi/as o( megalo/yuxo/s e)stin w(s dei=. kai\ a)/neu de\ lo/gou fai/nontai oi( megalo/yuxoi peri\ timh\n ei)=nai: timh=s ga\r ma/lista oi( mega/loi a)ciou=sin e(autou/s, kat' a)ci/an de/. o( de\ mikro/yuxos e)llei/pei kai\ pro\s e(auto\n kai\ pro\s to\ tou= megaloyu/xou a)ci/wma. o( de\ xau=nos pro\s e(auto\n me\n u(perba/llei, ou) mh\n to/n ge megalo/yuxon. o( de\ megalo/yuxos, ei)/per tw=n megi/stwn a)/cios, a)/ristos a)\n ei)/h: mei/zonos ga\r a)ei\ o( belti/wn a)/cios, kai\ megi/stwn o( a)/ristos. to\n w(s a)lhqw=s a)/ra megalo/yuxon dei= a)gaqo\n ei)=nai. kai\ do/ceien a)\n ei)=nai megaloyu/xou to\ e)n e(ka/sth| a)reth=| me/ga. ou)damw=s t' a)\n a(rmo/zoi megaloyu/xw| feu/gein parasei/santi, ou)d' a)dikei=n: ti/nos ga\r e(/neka pra/cei ai)sxra\ w(=| g' ou)de\n me/ga; kaq' e(/kasta d' e)piskopou=nti pa/mpan geloi=os fai/noit' a)\n o( megalo/yuxos mh\ a)gaqo\s w)/n. ou)k ei)/h d' a)\n ou)de\ timh=s a)/cios fau=los w)/n: th=s a)reth=s ga\r a)=qlon h( timh/, kai\ a)pone/metai toi=s a)gaqoi=s.
e)/oike me\n ou)=n h( megaloyuxi/a oi(=on ko/smos tis ei)=nai tw=n a)retw=n: mei/zous ga\r au)ta\s poiei=, kai\ ou) gi/netai a)/neu e)kei/nwn. dia\ tou=to xalepo\n th=| a)lhqei/a| megalo/yuxon ei)=nai: ou) ga\r oi(=o/n te a)/neu kalokagaqi/as. ma/lista me\n ou)=n peri\ tima\s kai\ a)timi/as o( megalo/yuxo/s e)sti: kai\ e)pi\ me\n tai=s mega/lais kai\ u(po\ tw=n spoudai/wn metri/ws h(sqh/setai, w(s tw=n oi)kei/wn tugxa/nwn h)\ kai\ e)latto/nwn: a)reth=s ga\r pantelou=s ou)k a)\n ge/noito a)ci/a timh/, ou) mh\n a)ll' a)pode/cetai/ ge tw=| mh\ e)/xein au)tou\s mei/zw au)tw=| a)pone/mein: th=s de\ para\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn kai\ e)pi\ mikroi=s pa/mpan o)ligwrh/sei: ou) ga\r tou/twn a)/cios: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ a)timi/as: ou) ga\r e)/stai dikai/ws peri\ au)to/n. ma/lista me\n ou)=n e)sti/n, w(/sper ei)/rhtai, o( megalo/yuxos peri\ tima/s, ou) mh\n a)lla\ kai\ peri\ plou=ton kai\ dunastei/an kai\ pa=san eu)tuxi/an kai\ a)tuxi/an metri/ws e(/cei, o(/pws a)\n gi/nhtai, kai\ ou)/t' eu)tuxw=n perixarh\s e)/stai ou)/t' a)tuxw=n peri/lupos. ou)de\ ga\r peri\ timh\n ou(/tws e)/xei w(s me/giston o)/n. ai( ga\r dunastei=ai kai\ o( plou=tos dia\ th\n timh/n e)stin ai(reta/: oi( gou=n e)/xontes au)ta\ tima=sqai di' au)tw=n bou/lontai: w(=| de\ kai\ h( timh\ mikro/n e)sti, tou/tw| kai\ ta)=lla. dio\ u(pero/ptai dokou=sin ei)=nai. dokei= de\ kai\ ta\ eu)tuxh/mata sumba/llesqai pro\s megaloyuxi/an. oi( ga\r eu)genei=s a)ciou=ntai timh=s kai\ oi( dunasteu/ontes h)\ ploutou=ntes: e)n u(peroxh=| ga/r, to\ d' a)gaqw=| u(pere/xon pa=n e)ntimo/teron. dio\ kai\ ta\ toiau=ta megaloyuxote/rous poiei=: timw=ntai ga\r u(po\ tinw=n: kat' a)lh/qeian d' o( a)gaqo\s mo/nos timhto/s: w(=| d' a)/mfw u(pa/rxei, ma=llon a)ciou=tai timh=s. oi( d' a)/neu a)reth=s ta\ toiau=ta a)gaqa\ e)/xontes ou)/te dikai/ws e(autou\s mega/lwn a)ciou=sin ou)/te o)rqw=s megalo/yuxoi le/gontai: a)/neu ga\r a)reth=s pantelou=s ou)k e)/sti tau=ta. u(pero/ptai de\ kai\ u(bristai\ kai\ oi( ta\ toiau=ta e)/xontes a)gaqa\ gi/nontai. a)/neu ga\r a)reth=s ou) r(a/|dion fe/rein e)mmelw=s ta\ eu)tuxh/mata:
ou) duna/menoi de\fe/rein kai\ oi)o/menoi tw=n a)/llwn u(pere/xein e)kei/nwn me\n katafronou=sin, au)toi\ d' o(/ ti a)\n tu/xwsi pra/ttousin. mimou=ntai ga\r to\n megalo/yuxon ou)x o(/moioi o)/ntes, tou=to de\ drw=sin e)n oi(=s du/nantai: ta\ me\n ou)=n kat' a)reth\n ou) pra/ttousi, katafronou=si de\ tw=n a)/llwn. o( me\n ga\r megalo/yuxos dikai/ws katafronei= （doca/zei ga\r a)lhqw=s）, oi( de\ polloi\ tuxo/ntws. ou)k e)/sti de\ mikroki/ndunos ou)de\ filoki/ndunos dia\ to\ o)li/ga tima=n, megaloki/ndunos de/, kai\ o(/tan kinduneu/h|, a)feidh\s tou= bi/ou w(s ou)k a)/cion o)\n pa/ntws zh=n. kai\ oi(=os eu)= poiei=n, eu)ergetou/menos d' ai)sxu/netai: to\ me\n ga\r u(pere/xontos, to\ d' u(perexome/nou. kai\ a)nteuergetiko\s pleio/nwn: ou(/tw ga/r oi( prosoflh/sei o( u(pa/rcas kai\ e)/stai eu)= peponqw/s. dokou=si de\ kai\ mnhmoneu/ein ou(= a)\n poih/swsin eu)=, w(=n d' a)\n pa/qwsin ou)/ （e)la/ttwn ga\r o( paqw\n eu)= tou= poih/santos, bou/letai d' u(pere/xein）, kai\ ta\ me\n h(de/ws a)kou/ein, ta\ d' a)hdw=s: dio\ kai\ th\n *qe/tin ou) le/gein ta\s eu)ergesi/as tw=| *dii/, ou)d' oi( *la/kwnes pro\s tou\s *)aqhnai/ous, a)ll' a(\ pepo/nqesan eu)=. megaloyu/xou de\ kai\ to\ mhdeno\s dei=sqai h)\ mo/lis, u(phretei=n de\ proqu/mws, kai\ pro\s me\n tou\s e)n a)ciw/mati kai\ eu)tuxi/ais me/gan ei)=nai, pro\s de\ tou\s me/sous me/trion: tw=n me\n ga\r u(pere/xein xalepo\n kai\ semno/n, tw=n de\ r(a/|dion, kai\ e)p' e)kei/nois me\n semnu/nesqai ou)k a)genne/s, e)n de\ toi=s tapeinoi=s fortiko/n, w(/sper ei)s tou\s a)sqenei=s i)sxuri/zesqai: kai\ ei)s ta\ e)/ntima mh\ i)e/nai, h)\ ou(= prwteu/ousin a)/lloi: kai\ a)rgo\n ei)=nai kai\ mellhth\n a)ll' h)\ o(/pou timh\ mega/lh h)\ e)/rgon, kai\ o)li/gwn me\n praktiko/n, mega/lwn de\ kai\ o)nomastw=n. a)nagkai=on de\ kai\ faneromish= ei)=nai kai\ fanero/filon （to\ ga\r lanqa/nein foboume/nou, kai\ a)melei=n th=s a)lhqei/as ma=llon h)\ th=s do/chs）, kai\ le/gein kai\ pra/ttein fanerw=s （parrhsiasth\s ga\r dia\ to\ katafronhtiko\s ei)=nai, kai\ a)lhqeutiko/s, plh\n o(/sa mh\ di' ei)rwnei/an ei)rwnei/a de\ pro\s tou\s pollou/s）, kai\ pro\s a)/llon mh\ du/nasqai zh=n a)ll' h)\ fi/lon:
douliko\n ga/r: dio\ kai\ pa/ntes oi( ko/lakes qhtikoi\ kai\ oi( tapeinoi\ ko/lakes. ou)de\ qaumastiko/s: ou)de\n ga\r me/ga au)tw=| e)sti/n. ou)de\ mnhsi/kakos: ou) ga\r megaloyu/xou to\ a)pomnhmoneu/ein, a)/llws te kai\ kaka/, a)lla\ ma=llon parora=n. ou)d' a)nqrwpolo/gos: ou)/te ga\r peri\ au(tou= e)rei= ou)/te peri\ e(te/rou: ou)/te ga\r i(/na e)painh=tai me/lei au)tw=| ou)/q' o(/pws oi( a)/lloi ye/gwntai: ou)d' au)= e)painetiko/s e)stin: dio/per ou)de\ kakolo/gos, ou)de\ tw=n e)xqrw=n, ei) mh\ di' u(/brin. kai\ peri\ a)nagkai/wn h)\ mikrw=n h(/kista o)lofurtiko\s kai\ dehtiko/s: spouda/zontos ga\r ou(/tws e)/xein peri\ tau=ta. kai\ oi(=os kekth=sqai ma=llon ta\ kala\ kai\ a)/karpa tw=n karpi/mwn kai\ w)feli/mwn: au)ta/rkous ga\r ma=llon. kai\ ki/nhsis de\ bradei=a tou= megaloyu/xou dokei= ei)=nai, kai\ fwnh\ barei=a, kai\ le/cis sta/simos: ou) ga\r speustiko\s o( peri\ o)li/ga spouda/zwn, ou)de\ su/ntonos o( mhde\n me/ga oi)o/menos: h( d' o)cufwni/a kai\ h( taxuth\s dia\ tou/twn. toiou=tos me\n ou)=n o( megalo/yuxos: o( d' e)llei/pwn mikro/yuxos, o( d' u(perba/llwn xau=nos. ou) kakoi\ me\n ou)=n dokou=sin ei)=nai ou)d' ou(=toi （ou) ga\r kakopoioi/ ei)sin）, h(marthme/noi de/. o( me\n ga\r mikro/yuxos a)/cios w)\n a)gaqw=n e(auto\n a)posterei= w(=n a)/cio/s e)sti, kai\ e)/oike kako\n e)/xein ti e)k tou= mh\ a)ciou=n e(auto\n tw=n a)gaqw=n, kai\ a)gnoei=n d' e(auto/n: w)re/geto ga\r a)\n w(=n a)/cios h)=n, a)gaqw=n ge o)/ntwn. ou) mh\n h)li/qioi/ ge oi( toiou=toi dokou=sin ei)=nai, a)lla\ ma=llon o)knhroi/. h( toiau/th de\ do/ca dokei= kai\ xei/rous poiei=n: e(/kastoi ga\r e)fi/entai tw=n kat' a)ci/an, a)fi/stantai de\ kai\ tw=n pra/cewn tw=n kalw=n kai\ tw=n e)pithdeuma/twn w(s a)na/cioi o)/ntes, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ tw=n e)kto\s a)gaqw=n. oi( de\ xau=noi h)li/qioi kai\ e(autou\s a)gnoou=ntes, kai\ tau=t' e)pifanw=s: ou) ga\r a)/cioi o)/ntes toi=s e)nti/mois e)pixeirou=sin, ei)=ta e)cele/gxontai: kai\ e)sqh=ti kosmou=ntai kai\ sxh/mati kai\ toi=s toiou/tois, kai\ bou/lontai ta\ eu)tuxh/mata kai\ fanera\ ei)=nai au(tw=n, kai\ le/gousi peri\ au)tw=n w(s dia\ tou/twn timhqhso/menoi. a)ntiti/qetai de\ th=| megaloyuxi/a| h( mikroyuxi/a ma=llon th=s xauno/thtos: kai\ ga\r gi/netai ma=llon kai\ xei=ro/n e)stin. h( me\n ou)=n megaloyuxi/a peri\ timh/n e)sti mega/lhn, w(/sper ei)/rhtai.
e)/oike de\ kai\ peri\ tau/thn ei)=nai a)reth/ tis, kaqa/per e)n toi=s prw/tois e)le/xqh, h(\ do/ceien a)\n paraplhsi/ws e)/xein pro\s th\n megaloyuxi/an w(/sper kai\ h( e)leuqerio/ths pro\s th\n megalopre/peian. a)/mfw ga\r au(=tai tou= me\n mega/lou a)festa=si, peri\ de\ ta\ me/tria kai\ mikra\ diatiqe/asin h(ma=s w(s dei=: w(/sper d' e)n lh/yei kai\ do/sei xrhma/twn meso/ths e)/sti kai\ u(perbolh/ te kai\ e)/lleiyis, ou(/tw kai\ e)n timh=s o)re/cei to\ ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ h(=tton, kai\ to\ o(/qen dei= kai\ w(s dei=. to/n te ga\r filo/timon ye/gomen w(s ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ o(/qen ou) dei= th=s timh=s e)fie/menon, to/n te a)filo/timon w(s ou)d' e)pi\ toi=s kaloi=s proairou/menon tima=sqai. e)/sti d' o(/te to\n filo/timon e)painou=men w(s a)ndrw/dh kai\ filo/kalon, to\n d' a)filo/timon w(s me/trion kai\ sw/frona, w(/sper kai\ e)n toi=s prw/tois ei)/pomen. dh=lon d' o(/ti pleonaxw=s tou= filotoiou/tou legome/nou ou)k e)pi\ to\ au)to\ fe/romen a)ei\ to\ filo/timon, a)ll' e)painou=ntes me\n e)pi\ to\ ma=llon h)\ oi( polloi/, ye/gontes d' e)pi\ to\ ma=llon h)\ dei=. a)nwnu/mou d' ou)/shs th=s meso/thtos, w(s e)rh/mhs e)/oiken a)mfisbhtei=n ta\ a)/kra. e)n oi(=s d' e)/stin u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis, kai\ to\ me/son: o)re/gontai de\ th=s timh=s kai\ ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ h(=tton: e)/sti dh\ kai\ w(s dei=: e)painei=tai d' ou)=n h( e(/cis au(/th, meso/ths ou)=sa peri\ timh\n a)nw/numos. fai/netai de\ pro\s me\n th\n filotimi/an a)filotimi/a, pro\s de\ th\n a)filotimi/an filotimi/a, pro\s a)mfo/tera de\ a)mfo/tera/ pws. e)/oike de\ tou=t' ei)=nai kai\ peri\ ta\s a)/llas a)reta/s. a)ntikei=sqai d' e)ntau=q' oi( a)/kroi fai/nontai dia\ to\ mh\ w)noma/sqai to\n me/son.
prao/ths d' e)sti\ meso/ths peri\ o)rga/s: a)nwnu/mou d' o)/ntos tou= me/sou, sxedo\n de\ kai\ tw=n a)/krwn, e)pi\ to\ me/son th\n prao/thta fe/romen, pro\s th\n e)/lleiyin a)pokli/nousan, a)nw/numon ou)=san. h( d' u(perbolh\ o)rgilo/ths tis le/goit' a)/n. to\ me\n ga\r pa/qos e)sti\n o)rgh/, ta\ d' e)mpoiou=nta polla\ kai\ diafe/ronta. o( me\n ou)=n e)f' oi(=s dei= kai\ oi(=s dei= o)rgizo/menos, e)/ti de\ kai\ w(s dei= kai\ o(/te kai\ o(/son xro/non, e)painei=tai: pra=os dh\ ou(=tos a)\n ei)/h, ei)/per h( prao/ths e)painei=tai. bou/letai ga\r o( pra=os a)ta/raxos ei)=nai kai\ mh\ a)/gesqai u(po\ tou= pa/qous, a)ll' w(s a)\n o( lo/gos ta/ch|, ou(/tw kai\ e)pi\ tou/tois kai\ e)pi\ tosou=ton xro/non xalepai/nein:
a(marta/nein de\ dokei= ma=llon e)pi\ th\n e)/lleiyin: ou) ga\r timwrhtiko\s o( pra=os, a)lla\ ma=llon suggnwmoniko/s. h( d' e)/lleiyis, ei)/t' a)orghsi/a ti/s e)stin ei)/q' o(/ ti dh/ pote, ye/getai. oi( ga\r mh\ o)rgizo/menoi e)f' oi(=s dei= h)li/qioi dokou=sin ei)=nai, kai\ oi( mh\ w(s dei= mhd' o(/te mhd' oi(=s dei=: dokei= ga\r ou)k ai)sqa/nesqai ou)de\ lupei=sqai, mh\ o)rgizo/meno/s te ou)k ei)=nai a)muntiko/s, to\ de\ prophlakizo/menon a)ne/xesqai kai\ tou\s oi)kei/ous periora=n a)ndrapodw=des. h( d' u(perbolh\ kata\ pa/nta me\n gi/netai （kai\ ga\r oi(=s ou) dei=, kai\ e)f' oi(=s ou) dei=, kai\ ma=llon h)\ dei=, kai\ qa=tton, kai\ plei/w xro/non）, ou) mh\n a(/panta/ ge tw=| au)tw=| u(pa/rxei. ou) ga\r a)\n du/nait' ei)=nai: to\ ga\r kako\n kai\ e(auto\ a)po/llusi, ka)\n o(lo/klhron h)=|, a)fo/rhton gi/netai. oi( me\n ou)=n o)rgi/loi taxe/ws me\n o)rgi/zontai kai\ oi(=s ou) dei= kai\ e)f' oi(=s ou) dei= kai\ ma=llon h)\ dei=, pau/ontai de\ taxe/ws: o(\ kai\ be/ltiston e)/xousin. sumbai/nei d' au)toi=s tou=to, o(/ti ou) kate/xousi th\n o)rgh\n a)ll' a)ntapodido/asin h(=| faneroi/ ei)si dia\ th\n o)cu/thta, ei)=t' a)popau/ontai. u(perbolh=| d' ei)si\n oi( a)kro/xoloi o)cei=s kai\ pro\s pa=n o)rgi/loi kai\ e)pi\ panti/: o(/qen kai\ tou)/noma. oi( de\ pikroi\ dusdia/lutoi, kai\ polu\n xro/non o)rgi/zontai: kate/xousi ga\r to\n qumo/n. pau=la de\ gi/netai o(/tan a)ntapodidw=|: h( ga\r timwri/a pau/ei th=s o)rgh=s, h(donh\n a)nti\ th=s lu/phs e)mpoiou=sa. tou/tou de\ mh\ ginome/nou to\ ba/ros e)/xousin: dia\ ga\r to\ mh\ e)pifane\s ei)=nai ou)de\ sumpei/qei au)tou\s ou)dei/s, e)n au(tw=| de\ pe/yai th\n o)rgh\n xro/nou dei=. ei)si\ d' oi( toiou=toi e(autoi=s o)xlhro/tatoi kai\ toi=s ma/lista fi/lois. xalepou\s de\ le/gomen tou\s e)f' oi(=s te mh\ dei= xalepai/nontas kai\ ma=llon h)\ dei= kai\ plei/w xro/non, kai\ mh\ diallattome/nous a)/neu timwri/as h)\ kola/sews. th=| prao/thti de\ ma=llon th\n u(perbolh\n a)ntiti/qemen: kai\ ga\r ma=llon gi/netai: a)nqrwpikw/teron ga\r to\ timwrei=sqai: kai\ pro\s to\ sumbiou=n oi( xalepoi\ xei/rous. o(\ de\ kai\ e)n toi=s pro/teron ei)/rhtai, kai\ e)k tw=n legome/nwn dh=lon: ou) ga\r r(a/|dion diori/sai to\ pw=s kai\ ti/si kai\ e)pi\ poi/ois kai\ po/son xro/non o)rgiste/on, kai\ to\ me/xri ti/nos o)rqw=s poiei= tis h)\ a(marta/nei. o( me\n ga\r mikro\n parekbai/nwn ou) ye/getai, ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ ma=llon ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ h(=tton: e)ni/ote ga\r tou\s e)llei/pontas e)painou=men kai\ pra/ous fame/n,
kai\ tou\s xalepai/nontas a)ndrw/deis w(s duname/nous a)/rxein. o( dh\ po/son kai\ pw=s parekbai/nwn yekto/s, ou) r(a/|dion tw=| lo/gw| a)podou=nai: e)n ga\r toi=s kaq' e(/kasta ka)n th=| ai)sqh/sei h( kri/sis. a)lla\ to/ ge tosou=ton dh=lon, o(/ti h( me\n me/sh e(/cis e)paineth/, kaq' h(\n oi(=s dei= o)rgizo/meqa kai\ e)f' oi(=s dei= kai\ w(s dei= kai\ pa/nta ta\ toiau=ta, ai( d' u(perbolai\ kai\ e)llei/yeis yektai/, kai\ e)pi\ mikro\n me\n gino/menai h)re/ma, e)pi\ ple/on de\ ma=llon, e)pi\ polu\ de\ sfo/dra. dh=lon ou)=n o(/ti th=s me/shs e(/cews a)nqekte/on. ai( me\n ou)=n peri\ th\n o)rgh\n e(/ceis ei)rh/sqwsan.
e)n de\ tai=s o(mili/ais kai\ tw=| suzh=n kai\ lo/gwn kai\ pragma/twn koinwnei=n oi(\ me\n a)/reskoi dokou=sin ei)=nai, oi( pa/nta pro\s h(donh\n e)painou=ntes kai\ ou)qe\n a)ntitei/nontes, a)ll' oi)o/menoi dei=n a)/lupoi toi=s e)ntugxa/nousin ei)=nai: oi( d' e)c e)nanti/as tou/tois pro\s pa/nta a)ntitei/nontes kai\ tou= lupei=n ou)d' o(tiou=n fronti/zontes du/skoloi kai\ duse/rides kalou=ntai. o(/ti me\n ou)=n ai( ei)rhme/nai e(/ceis yektai/ ei)sin, ou)k a)/dhlon, kai\ o(/ti h( me/sh tou/twn e)paineth/, kaq' h(\n a)pode/cetai a(\ dei= kai\ w(s dei=, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ dusxeranei=: o)/noma d' ou)k a)pode/dotai au)th=| ti, e)/oike de\ ma/lista fili/a|. toiou=tos ga/r e)stin o( kata\ th\n me/shn e(/cin oi(=on boulo/meqa le/gein to\n e)pieikh= fi/lon, to\ ste/rgein proslabo/nta. diafe/rei de\ th=s fili/as, o(/ti a)/neu pa/qous e)sti\ kai\ tou= ste/rgein oi(=s o(milei=: ou) ga\r tw=| filei=n h)\ e)xqai/rein a)pode/xetai e(/kasta w(s dei=, a)lla\ tw=| toiou=tos ei)=nai. o(moi/ws ga\r pro\s a)gnw=tas kai\ gnwri/mous kai\ sunh/qeis kai\ a)sunh/qeis au)to\ poih/sei, plh\n kai\ e)n e(ka/stois w(s a(rmo/zei: ou) ga\r o(moi/ws prosh/kei sunh/qwn kai\ o)qnei/wn fronti/zein, ou)d' au)= lupei=n. kaqo/lou me\n ou)=n ei)/rhtai o(/ti w(s dei= o(milh/sei, a)nafe/rwn de\ pro\s to\ kalo\n kai\ to\ sumfe/ron stoxa/setai tou= mh\ lupei=n h)\ sunhdu/nein. e)/oike me\n ga\r peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas ei)=nai ta\s e)n tai=s o(mili/ais ginome/nas: tou/twn d' o(/sas me\n au)tw=| e)sti\ mh\ kalo\n h)\ blabero\n sunhdu/nein, dusxeranei=, kai\ proairh/setai lupei=n: ka)\n tw=| poiou=nti d' a)sxhmosu/nhn fe/rh|, kai\ tau/thn mh\ mikra/n, h)\ bla/bhn, h( d' e)nanti/wsis mikra\n lu/phn, ou)k a)pode/cetai a)lla\ dusxeranei=. diafero/ntws d' o(milh/sei toi=s e)n a)ciw/masi kai\ toi=s tuxou=si,
kai\ ma=llon h)\ h(=tton gnwri/mois, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ kata\ ta\s a)/llas diafora/s, e(ka/stois a)pone/mwn to\ pre/pon, kai\ kaq' au(to\ me\n ai(rou/menos to\ sunhdu/nein, lupei=n d' eu)labou/menos, toi=s d' a)pobai/nousin, e)a\n h)=| mei/zw, sunepo/menos, le/gw de\ tw=| kalw=| kai\ tw=| sumfe/ronti. kai\ h(donh=s d' e(/neka th=s ei)sau=qis mega/lhs mikra\ luph/sei. o( me\n ou)=n me/sos toiou=to/s e)stin, ou)k w)no/mastai de/: tou= de\ sunhdu/nontos o( me\n tou= h(du\s ei)=nai stoxazo/menos mh\ dia/ ti a)/llo a)/reskos, o( d' o(/pws w)fe/leia/ tis au(tw=| gi/nhtai ei)s xrh/mata kai\ o(/sa dia\ xrhma/twn, ko/lac: o( de\ pa=si dusxerai/nwn ei)/rhtai o(/ti du/skolos kai\ du/seris. a)ntikei=sqai de\ fai/netai ta\ a)/kra e(autoi=s dia\ to\ a)nw/numon ei)=nai to\ me/son.
peri\ ta\ au)ta\ de\ sxedo/n e)sti kai\ h( th=s a)lazonei/as kai\ ei)rwnei/as meso/ths: a)nw/numos de\ kai\ au)th/. ou) xei=ron de\ kai\ ta\s toiau/tas e)pelqei=n: ma=llo/n te ga\r a)\n ei)dei/hmen ta\ peri\ to\ h)=qos, kaq' e(/kaston dielqo/ntes, kai\ meso/thtas ei)=nai ta\s a)reta\s pisteu/saimen a)/n, e)pi\ pa/ntwn ou(/tws e)/xon sunido/ntes. e)n dh\ tw=| suzh=n oi( me\n pro\s h(donh\n kai\ lu/phn o(milou=ntes ei)/rhntai, peri\ de\ tw=n a)lhqeuo/ntwn te kai\ yeudome/nwn ei)/pwmen o(moi/ws e)n lo/gois kai\ pra/cesi kai\ tw=| prospoih/mati. dokei= dh\ o( me\n a)lazw\n prospoihtiko\s tw=n e)ndo/cwn ei)=nai kai\ mh\ u(parxo/ntwn kai\ meizo/nwn h)\ u(pa/rxei, o( de\ ei)/rwn a)na/palin a)rnei=sqai ta\ u(pa/rxonta h)\ e)la/ttw poiei=n, o( de\ me/sos au)qe/kasto/s tis w)\n a)lhqeutiko\s kai\ tw=| bi/w| kai\ tw=| lo/gw|, ta\ u(pa/rxonta o(mologw=n ei)=nai peri\ au(to/n, kai\ ou)/te mei/zw ou)/te e)la/ttw. e)/sti de\ tou/twn e(/kasta kai\ e(/neka/ tinos poiei=n kai\ mhdeno/s. e(/kastos d' oi(=o/s e)sti, toiau=ta le/gei kai\ pra/ttei kai\ ou(/tw zh=|, e)a\n mh/ tinos e(/neka pra/tth|. kaq' au(to\ de\ to\ me\n yeu=dos fau=lon kai\ yekto/n, to\ d' a)lhqe\s kalo\n kai\ e)paineto/n. ou(/tw de\ kai\ o( me\n a)lhqeutiko\s me/sos w)\n e)paineto/s, oi( de\ yeudo/menoi a)mfo/teroi me\n yektoi/, ma=llon d' o( a)lazw/n. peri\ e(kate/rou d' ei)/pwmen, pro/teron de\ peri\ tou= a)lhqeutikou=. ou) ga\r peri\ tou= e)n tai=s o(mologi/ais a)lhqeu/ontos le/gomen, ou)d' o(/sa ei)s a)diki/an h)\ dikaiosu/nhn suntei/nei
（a)/llhs ga\r a)\n ei)/h tau=t' a)reth=s）, a)ll' e)n oi(=s mhdeno\s toiou/tou diafe/rontos kai\ e)n lo/gw| kai\ e)n bi/w| a)lhqeu/ei tw=| th\n e(/cin toiou=tos ei)=nai. do/ceie d' a)\n o( toiou=tos e)pieikh\s ei)=nai. o( ga\r filalh/qhs, kai\ e)n oi(=s mh\ diafe/rei a)lhqeu/wn, a)lhqeu/sei kai\ e)n oi(=s diafe/rei e)/ti ma=llon: w(s ga\r ai)sxro\n to\ yeu=dos eu)labh/setai, o(/ ge kai\ kaq' au(to\ hu)labei=to: o( de\ toiou=tos e)paineto/s. e)pi\ to\ e)/latton de\ ma=llon tou= a)lhqou=s a)pokli/nei: e)mmele/steron ga\r fai/netai dia\ to\ e)paxqei=s ta\s u(perbola\s ei)=nai. o( de\ mei/zw tw=n u(parxo/ntwn prospoiou/menos mhdeno\s e(/neka fau/lw| me\n e)/oiken （ou) ga\r a)\n e)/xaire tw=| yeu/dei）, ma/taios de\ fai/netai ma=llon h)\ kako/s: ei) d' e(/neka/ tinos, o( me\n do/chs h)\ timh=s ou) li/an yekto/s, †w(s o( a)lazw/n,† o( de\ a)rguri/ou, h)\ o(/sa ei)s a)rgu/rion, a)sxhmone/steros （ou)k e)n th=| duna/mei d' e)sti\n o( a)lazw/n, a)ll' e)n th=| proaire/sei: kata\ th\n e(/cin ga\r kai\ tw=| toio/sde ei)=nai a)lazw/n e)stin）: w(/sper kai\ yeu/sths o(\ me\n tw=| yeu/dei au)tw=| xai/rwn, o(\ de\ do/chs o)rego/menos h)\ ke/rdous. oi( me\n ou)=n do/chs xa/rin a)lazoneuo/menoi ta\ toiau=ta prospoiou=ntai e)f' oi(=s e)/painos h)\ eu)daimonismo/s, oi( de\ ke/rdous, w(=n kai\ a)po/lausi/s e)sti toi=s pe/las kai\ dialaqei=n e)/sti mh\ o)/nta, oi(=on ma/ntin sofo\n i)atro/n. dia\ tou=to oi( plei=stoi prospoiou=ntai ta\ toiau=ta kai\ a)lazoneu/ontai: e)/sti ga\r e)n au)toi=s ta\ ei)rhme/na. oi( d' ei)/rwnes e)pi\ to\ e)/latton le/gontes xarie/steroi me\n ta\ h)/qh fai/nontai: ou) ga\r ke/rdous e(/neka dokou=si le/gein, a)lla\ feu/gontes to\ o)gkhro/n: ma/lista de\ kai\ ou(=toi ta\ e)/ndoca a)parnou=ntai, oi(=on kai\ *swkra/ths e)poi/ei. oi( de\ ta\ mikra\ kai\ fanera\ prospoiou/menoi baukopanou=rgoi le/gontai kai\ eu)katafronhto/teroi/ ei)sin: kai\ e)ni/ote a)lazonei/a fai/netai, oi(=on h( tw=n *lakw/nwn e)sqh/s: kai\ ga\r h( u(perbolh\ kai\ h( li/an e)/lleiyis a)lazoniko/n. oi( de\ metri/ws xrw/menoi th=| ei)rwnei/a| kai\ peri\ ta\ mh\ li/an e)mpodw\n kai\ fanera\ ei)rwneuo/menoi xari/entes fai/nontai. a)ntikei=sqai d' o( a)lazw\n fai/netai tw=| a)lhqeutikw=|: xei/rwn ga/r.
ou)/shs de\ kai\ a)napau/sews e)n tw=| bi/w|, kai\ e)n tau/th| diagwgh=s meta\ paidia=s, dokei= kai\ e)ntau=qa ei)=nai o(mili/a tis e)mmelh/s,
kai\ oi(=a dei= le/gein kai\ w(/s, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ a)kou/ein. dioi/sei de\ kai\ to\ e)n toiou/tois le/gein h)\ toiou/twn a)kou/ein. dh=lon d' w(s kai\ peri\ tau=t' e)/stin u(perbolh/ te kai\ e)/lleiyis tou= me/sou. oi( me\n ou)=n tw=| geloi/w| u(perba/llontes bwmolo/xoi dokou=sin ei)=nai kai\ fortikoi/, glixo/menoi pa/ntws tou= geloi/ou, kai\ ma=llon stoxazo/menoi tou= ge/lwta poih=sai h)\ tou= le/gein eu)sxh/mona kai\ mh\ lupei=n to\n skwpto/menon: oi( de\ mh/t' au)toi\ a)\n ei)po/ntes mhde\n geloi=on toi=s te le/gousi dusxerai/nontes a)/groikoi kai\ sklhroi\ dokou=sin ei)=nai. oi( d' e)mmelw=s pai/zontes eu)tra/peloi prosagoreu/ontai, oi(=on eu)/tropoi: tou= ga\r h)/qous ai( toiau=tai dokou=si kinh/seis ei)=nai, w(/sper de\ ta\ sw/mata e)k tw=n kinh/sewn kri/netai, ou(/tw kai\ ta\ h)/qh. e)pipola/zontos de\ tou= geloi/ou, kai\ tw=n plei/stwn xairo/ntwn th=| paidia=| kai\ tw=| skw/ptein ma=llon h)\ dei=, kai\ oi( bwmolo/xoi eu)tra/peloi prosagoreu/ontai w(s xari/entes: o(/ti de\ diafe/rousi, kai\ ou) mikro/n, e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn dh=lon. th=| me/sh| d' e(/cei oi)kei=on kai\ h( e)pidecio/ths e)sti/n: tou= d' e)pideci/ou e)sti\ toiau=ta le/gein kai\ a)kou/ein oi(=a tw=| e)pieikei= kai\ e)leuqeri/w| a(rmo/ttei: e)/sti ga/r tina pre/ponta tw=| toiou/tw| le/gein e)n paidia=s me/rei kai\ a)kou/ein, kai\ h( tou= e)leuqeri/ou paidia\ diafe/rei th=s tou= a)ndrapodw/dous, kai\ pepaideume/nou kai\ a)paideu/tou. i)/doi d' a)/n tis kai\ e)k tw=n kwmw|diw=n tw=n palaiw=n kai\ tw=n kainw=n: toi=s me\n ga\r h)=n geloi=on h( ai)sxrologi/a, toi=s de\ ma=llon h( u(po/noia: diafe/rei d' ou) mikro\n tau=ta pro\s eu)sxhmosu/nhn. po/teron ou)=n to\n eu)= skw/ptonta o(riste/on tw=| le/gein mh\ a)preph= e)leuqeri/w|, h)\ tw=| mh\ lupei=n to\n a)kou/onta h)\ kai\ te/rpein; h)\ kai\ to/ ge toiou=ton a)o/riston; a)/llo ga\r a)/llw| mishto/n te kai\ h(du/. toiau=ta de\ kai\ a)kou/setai: a(\ ga\r u(pome/nei a)kou/wn, tau=ta kai\ poiei=n dokei=. ou) dh\ pa=n poih/sei: to\ ga\r skw=mma loido/rhma/ ti e)sti/n, oi( de\ nomoqe/tai e)/nia loidorei=n kwlu/ousin: e)/dei d' i)/sws kai\ skw/ptein. o( dh\ xari/eis kai\ e)leuqe/rios ou(/tws e(/cei, oi(=on no/mos w)\n e(autw=|. toiou=tos me\n ou)=n o( me/sos e)sti/n, ei)/t' e)pide/cios ei)/t' eu)tra/pelos le/getai. o( de\ bwmolo/xos h(/ttwn e)sti\ tou= geloi/ou, kai\ ou)/te e(autou= ou)/te tw=n a)/llwn a)pexo/menos ei) ge/lwta poih/sei, kai\ toiau=ta le/gwn
w(=n ou)de\n a)\n ei)/poi o( xari/eis, e)/nia d' ou)d' a)\n a)kou/sai. o( d' a)/groikos ei)s ta\s toiau/tas o(mili/as a)xrei=os: ou)qe\n ga\r sumballo/menos pa=si dusxerai/nei. dokei= de\ h( a)na/pausis kai\ h( paidia\ e)n tw=| bi/w| ei)=nai a)nagkai=on. trei=s ou)=n ai( ei)rhme/nai e)n tw=| bi/w| meso/thtes, ei)si\ de\ pa=sai peri\ lo/gwn tinw=n kai\ pra/cewn koinwni/an. diafe/rousi d' o(/ti h(\ me\n peri\ a)lh/qeia/n e)stin, ai(\ de\ peri\ to\ h(du/. tw=n de\ peri\ th\n h(donh\n h(\ me\n e)n tai=s paidiai=s, h(\ d' e)n tai=s kata\ to\n a)/llon bi/on o(mili/ais.
peri\ de\ ai)dou=s w(/s tinos a)reth=s ou) prosh/kei le/gein: pa/qei ga\r ma=llon e)/oiken h)\ e(/cei. o(ri/zetai gou=n fo/bos tis a)doci/as, kai\ a)potelei=tai tw=| peri\ ta\ deina\ fo/bw| paraplh/sion: e)ruqrai/nontai ga\r oi( ai)sxuno/menoi, oi( de\ to\n qa/naton fobou/menoi w)xriw=sin. swmatika\ dh\ fai/netai/ pws ei)=nai a)mfo/tera, o(/per dokei= pa/qous ma=llon h)\ e(/cews ei)=nai. ou) pa/sh| d' h(liki/a| to\ pa/qos a(rmo/zei, a)lla\ th=| ne/a|. oi)o/meqa ga\r dei=n tou\s thlikou/tous ai)dh/monas ei)=nai dia\ to\ pa/qei zw=ntas polla\ a(marta/nein, u(po\ th=s ai)dou=s de\ kwlu/esqai: kai\ e)painou=men tw=n me\n ne/wn tou\s ai)dh/monas, presbu/teron d' ou)dei\s a)\n e)paine/seien o(/ti ai)sxunthlo/s: ou)de\n ga\r oi)o/meqa dei=n au)to\n pra/ttein e)f' oi(=s e)sti\n ai)sxu/nh. ou)de\ ga\r e)pieikou=s e)sti\n h( ai)sxu/nh, ei)/per gi/netai e)pi\ toi=s fau/lois （ou) ga\r prakte/on ta\ toiau=ta: ei) d' e)sti\ ta\ me\n kat' a)lh/qeian ai)sxra\ ta\ de\ kata\ do/can, ou)de\n diafe/rei: ou)de/tera ga\r prakte/a, w(/st' ou)k ai)sxunte/on）: fau/lou de\ kai\ to\ ei)=nai toiou=ton oi(=on pra/ttein ti tw=n ai)sxrw=n. to\ d' ou(/tws e)/xein w(/st' ei) pra/cai ti tw=n toiou/twn ai)sxu/nesqai, kai\ dia\ tou=t' oi)/esqai e)pieikh= ei)=nai, a)/topon: e)pi\ toi=s e(kousi/ois ga\r h( ai)dw/s, e(kw\n d' o( e)pieikh\s ou)de/pote pra/cei ta\ fau=la. ei)/h d' a)\n h( ai)dw\s e)c u(poqe/sews e)pieike/s: ei) ga\r pra/cai, ai)sxu/noit' a)/n: ou)k e)/sti de\ tou=to peri\ ta\s a)reta/s. ei) d' h( a)naisxunti/a fau=lon kai\ to\ mh\ ai)dei=sqai ta\ ai)sxra\ pra/ttein, ou)de\n ma=llon to\n ta\ toiau=ta pra/ttonta ai)sxu/nesqai e)pieike/s. ou)k e)/sti d' ou)d' h( e)gkra/teia a)reth/, a)lla/ tis mikth/: deixqh/setai de\ peri\ au)th=s e)n toi=s u(/steron. nu=n de\ peri\ dikaiosu/nhs ei)/pwmen.
Book 5
peri\ de\ dikaiosu/nhs kai\ a)diki/as skepte/on, peri\ poi/as te tugxa/nousin ou)=sai pra/ceis, kai\ poi/a meso/ths e)sti\n h( dikaiosu/nh, kai\ to\ di/kaion ti/nwn me/son. h( de\ ske/yis h(mi=n e)/stw kata\ th\n au)th\n me/qodon toi=s proeirhme/nois. o(rw=men dh\ pa/ntas th\n toiau/thn e(/cin boulome/nous le/gein dikaiosu/nhn, a)f' h(=s praktikoi\ tw=n dikai/wn ei)si\ kai\ a)f' h(=s dikaiopragou=si kai\ bou/lontai ta\ di/kaia: to\n au)to\n de\ tro/pon kai\ peri\ a)diki/as, a)f' h(=s a)dikou=si kai\ bou/lontai ta\ a)/dika. dio\ kai\ h(mi=n prw=ton w(s e)n tu/pw| u(pokei/sqw tau=ta. ou)de\ ga\r to\n au)to\n e)/xei tro/pon e)pi/ te tw=n e)pisthmw=n kai\ duna/mewn kai\ e)pi\ tw=n e(/cewn. du/namis me\n ga\r kai\ e)pisth/mh dokei= tw=n e)nanti/wn h( au)th\ ei)=nai, e(/cis d' h( e)nanti/a tw=n e)nanti/wn ou)/, oi(=on a)po\ th=s u(giei/as ou) pra/ttetai ta\ e)nanti/a, a)lla\ ta\ u(gieina\ mo/non: le/gomen ga\r u(gieinw=s badi/zein, o(/tan badi/zh| w(s a)\n o( u(giai/nwn. polla/kis me\n ou)=n gnwri/zetai h( e)nanti/a e(/cis a)po\ th=s e)nanti/as, polla/kis de\ ai( e(/ceis a)po\ tw=n u(pokeime/nwn: e)a/n te ga\r h( eu)eci/a h)=| fanera/, kai\ h( kaxeci/a fanera\ gi/netai, kai\ e)k tw=n eu)ektikw=n h( eu)eci/a kai\ e)k tau/ths ta\ eu)ektika/. ei) ga/r e)stin h( eu)eci/a pukno/ths sarko/s, a)na/gkh kai\ th\n kaxeci/an ei)=nai mano/thta sarko\s kai\ to\ eu)ektiko\n to\ poihtiko\n pukno/thtos e)n sarki/. a)kolouqei= d' w(s e)pi\ to\ polu/, e)a\n qa/teron pleonaxw=s le/ghtai, kai\ qa/teron pleonaxw=s le/gesqai, oi(=on ei) to\ di/kaion, kai\ to\ a)/dikon. e)/oike de\ pleonaxw=s le/gesqai h( dikaiosu/nh kai\ h( a)diki/a, a)lla\ dia\ to\ su/neggus ei)=nai th\n o(mwnumi/an au)tw=n lanqa/nei kai\ ou)x w(/sper e)pi\ tw=n po/rrw dh/lh ma=llon, （h( ga\r diafora\ pollh\ h( kata\ th\n i)de/an） oi(=on o(/ti kalei=tai klei\s o(mwnu/mws h(/ te u(po\ to\n au)xe/na tw=n zw/|wn kai\ h(=| ta\s qu/ras klei/ousin. ei)lh/fqw dh\ o( a)/dikos posaxw=s le/getai. dokei= dh\ o(/ te para/nomos a)/dikos ei)=nai kai\ o( pleone/kths kai\ a)/nisos, w(/ste dh=lon o(/ti kai\ o( di/kaios e)/stai o(/ te no/mimos kai\ o( i)/sos. to\ me\n di/kaion a)/ra to\ no/mimon kai\ to\ i)/son, to\ d' a)/dikon to\ para/nomon kai\ to\ a)/nison.
e)pei\ de\ pleone/kths o( a)/dikos, peri\ ta)gaqa\ e)/stai, ou) pa/nta, a)lla\ peri\ o(/sa eu)tuxi/a kai\ a)tuxi/a, a(\ e)sti\ me\n a(plw=s a)ei\ a)gaqa/, tini\ d' ou)k a)ei/. oi( d' a)/nqrwpoi tau=ta eu)/xontai kai\ diw/kousin: dei= d' ou)/, a)ll' eu)/xesqai me\n ta\ a(plw=s a)gaqa\ kai\ au(toi=s a)gaqa\ ei)=nai, ai(rei=sqai de\ ta\ au(toi=s a)gaqa/. o( d' a)/dikos ou)k a)ei\ to\ ple/on ai(rei=tai, a)lla\ kai\ to\ e)/latton e)pi\ tw=n a(plw=s kakw=n: a)ll' o(/ti dokei= kai\ to\ mei=on kako\n a)gaqo/n pws ei)=nai, tou= d' a)gaqou= e)sti\n h( pleoneci/a, dia\ tou=to dokei= pleone/kths ei)=nai. e)/sti d' a)/nisos: tou=to ga\r perie/xei kai\ koino/n. e)pei\ d' o( para/nomos a)/dikos h)=n o( de\ no/mimos di/kaios, dh=lon o(/ti pa/nta ta\ no/mima/ e)sti/ pws di/kaia: ta/ te ga\r w(risme/na u(po\ th=s nomoqetikh=s no/mima/ e)sti, kai\ e(/kaston tou/twn di/kaion ei)=nai/ famen. oi( de\ no/moi a)goreu/ousi peri\ a(pa/ntwn, stoxazo/menoi h)\ tou= koinh=| sumfe/rontos pa=sin h)\ toi=s a)ri/stois h)\ toi=s kuri/ois kat' a)reth\n h)\ kat' a)/llon tina\ tro/pon toiou=ton: w(/ste e(/na me\n tro/pon di/kaia le/gomen ta\ poihtika\ kai\ fulaktika\ eu)daimoni/as kai\ tw=n mori/wn au)th=s th=| politikh=| koinwni/a|. prosta/ttei d' o( no/mos kai\ ta\ tou= a)ndrei/ou e)/rga poiei=n, oi(=on mh\ lei/pein th\n ta/cin mhde\ feu/gein mhde\ r(iptei=n ta\ o(/pla, kai\ ta\ tou= sw/fronos, oi(=on mh\ moixeu/ein mhd' u(bri/zein, kai\ ta\ tou= pra/ou, oi(=on mh\ tu/ptein mhde\ kakhgorei=n, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ kata\ ta\s a)/llas a)reta\s kai\ moxqhri/as ta\ me\n keleu/wn ta\ d' a)pagoreu/wn, o)rqw=s me\n o( kei/menos o)rqw=s, xei=ron d' o( a)pesxediasme/nos. au(/th me\n ou)=n h( dikaiosu/nh a)reth\ me/n e)sti telei/a, a)ll' ou)x a(plw=s a)lla\ pro\s e(/teron. kai\ dia\ tou=to polla/kis krati/sth tw=n a)retw=n ei)=nai dokei= h( dikaiosu/nh, kai\ ou)/q' e(/speros ou)/q' e(w=|os ou(/tw qaumasto/s: kai\ paroimiazo/menoi/ famen e)n de\ dikaiosu/nh| sullh/bdhn pa=s' a)reth\ e)/ni
Theog. 147 kai\ telei/a ma/lista a)reth/, o(/ti th=s telei/as a)reth=s xrh=si/s e)stin. telei/a d' e)sti/n, o(/ti o( e)/xwn au)th\n kai\ pro\s e(/teron du/natai th=| a)reth=| xrh=sqai, a)ll' ou) mo/non kaq' au(to/n: polloi\ ga\r e)n me\n toi=s oi)kei/ois th=| a)reth=| du/nantai xrh=sqai, e)n de\ toi=s pro\s e(/teron a)dunatou=sin.
kai\ dia\ tou=to eu)= dokei= e)/xein to\ tou= *bi/antos, o(/ti a)rxh\ a)/ndra dei/cei: pro\s e(/teron ga\r kai\ e)n koinwni/a| h)/dh o( a)/rxwn. dia\ de\ to\ au)to\ tou=to kai\ a)llo/trion a)gaqo\n dokei= ei)=nai h( dikaiosu/nh mo/nh tw=n a)retw=n, o(/ti pro\s e(/tero/n e)stin: a)/llw| ga\r ta\ sumfe/ronta pra/ttei, h)\ a)/rxonti h)\ koinwnw=|. ka/kistos me\n ou)=n o( kai\ pro\s au(to\n kai\ pro\s tou\s fi/lous xrw/menos th=| moxqhri/a|, a)/ristos d' ou)x o( pro\s au(to\n th=| a)reth=| a)lla\ pro\s e(/teron: tou=to ga\r e)/rgon xalepo/n. au(/th me\n ou)=n h( dikaiosu/nh ou) me/ros a)reth=s a)ll' o(/lh a)reth/ e)stin, ou)d' h( e)nanti/a a)diki/a me/ros kaki/as a)ll' o(/lh kaki/a. ti/ de\ diafe/rei h( a)reth\ kai\ h( dikaiosu/nh au(/th, dh=lon e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn: e)/sti me\n ga\r h( au)th/, to\ d' ei)=nai ou) to\ au)to/, a)ll' h(=| me\n pro\s e(/teron, dikaiosu/nh, h(=| de\ toia/de e(/cis a(plw=s, a)reth/.
zhtou=men de/ ge th\n e)n me/rei a)reth=s dikaiosu/nhn: e)/sti ga/r tis, w(s fame/n. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ a)diki/as th=s kata\ me/ros. shmei=on d' o(/ti e)/stin: kata\ me\n ga\r ta\s a)/llas moxqhri/as o( e)nergw=n a)dikei= me/n, pleonektei= d' ou)de/n, oi(=on o( r(i/yas th\n a)spi/da dia\ deili/an h)\ kakw=s ei)pw\n dia\ xalepo/thta h)\ ou) bohqh/sas xrh/masi di' a)neleuqeri/an: o(/tan de\ pleonekth=|, polla/kis kat' ou)demi/an tw=n toiou/twn, a)lla\ mh\n ou)de\ kata\ pa/sas, kata\ ponhri/an de/ ge tina/ （ye/gomen ga/r） kai\ kat' a)diki/an. e)/stin a)/r' a)/llh tis a)diki/a w(s me/ros th=s o(/lhs, kai\ a)/diko/n ti e)n me/rei tou= o(/lou a)di/kou tou= para\ to\n no/mon. e)/ti ei) o(\ me\n tou= kerdai/nein e(/neka moixeu/ei kai\ proslamba/nwn, o(\ de\ prostiqei\s kai\ zhmiou/menos di' e)piqumi/an, ou(=tos me\n a)ko/lastos do/ceien a)\n ei)=nai ma=llon h)\ pleone/kths, e)kei=nos d' a)/dikos, a)ko/lastos d' ou)/: dh=lon a)/ra o(/ti dia\ to\ kerdai/nein. e)/ti peri\ me\n ta)=lla pa/nta a)dikh/mata gi/netai h( e)panafora\ e)pi/ tina moxqhri/an a)ei/, oi(=on ei) e)moi/xeusen, e)p' a)kolasi/an, ei) e)gkate/lipe to\n parasta/thn, e)pi\ deili/an, ei) e)pa/tacen, e)p' o)rgh/n: ei) d' e)ke/rdanen, e)p' ou)demi/an moxqhri/an a)ll' h)\ e)p' a)diki/an. w(/ste fanero\n o(/ti e)/sti tis a)diki/a para\ th\n o(/lhn a)/llh e)n me/rei, sunw/numos, o(/ti o( o(rismo\s e)n tw=| au)tw=| ge/nei:
a)/mfw ga\r e)n tw=| pro\s e(/teron e)/xousi th\n du/namin, a)ll' h(\ me\n peri\ timh\n h)\ xrh/mata h)\ swthri/an, h)\ ei)/ tini e)/xoimen e(ni\ o)no/mati perilabei=n tau=ta pa/nta, kai\ di' h(donh\n th\n a)po\ tou= ke/rdous, h(\ de\ peri\ a(/panta peri\ o(/sa o( spoudai=os.
o(/ti me\n ou)=n ei)si\n ai( dikaiosu/nai plei/ous, kai\ o(/ti e)/sti tis kai\ e(te/ra para\ th\n o(/lhn a)reth/n, dh=lon: ti/s de\ kai\ poi/a tis, lhpte/on. diw/ristai dh\ to\ a)/dikon to/ te para/nomon kai\ to\ a)/nison, to\ de\ di/kaion to/ te no/mimon kai\ to\ i)/son. kata\ me\n ou)=n to\ para/nomon h( pro/teron ei)rhme/nh a)diki/a e)sti/n. e)pei\ de\ to\ a)/nison kai\ to\ para/nomon ou) tau)to\n a)ll' e(/teron w(s me/ros pro\s o(/lon （to\ me\n ga\r a)/nison a(/pan para/nomon, to\ de\ para/nomon ou)x a(/pan a)/nison）, kai\ to\ a)/dikon kai\ h( a)diki/a ou) tau)ta\ a)ll' e(/tera e)kei/nwn, ta\ me\n w(s me/rh ta\ d' w(s o(/la: me/ros ga\r au(/th h( a)diki/a th=s o(/lhs a)diki/as, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ h( dikaiosu/nh th=s dikaiosu/nhs. w(/ste kai\ peri\ th=s e)n me/rei dikaiosu/nhs kai\ peri\ th=s e)n me/rei a)diki/as lekte/on, kai\ tou= dikai/ou kai\ a)di/kou w(sau/tws. h( me\n ou)=n kata\ th\n o(/lhn a)reth\n tetagme/nh dikaiosu/nh kai\ a)diki/a, h(\ me\n th=s o(/lhs a)reth=s ou)=sa xrh=sis pro\s a)/llon h(\ de\ th=s kaki/as, a)fei/sqw. kai\ to\ di/kaion de\ kai\ to\ a)/dikon to\ kata\ tau/tas fanero\n w(s dioriste/on: sxedo\n ga\r ta\ polla\ tw=n nomi/mwn ta\ a)po\ th=s o(/lhs a)reth=s prostatto/mena/ e)stin: kaq' e(ka/sthn ga\r a)reth\n prosta/ttei zh=n kai\ kaq' e(ka/sthn moxqhri/an kwlu/ei o( no/mos. ta\ de\ poihtika\ th=s o(/lhs a)reth=s e)sti\ tw=n nomi/mwn o(/sa nenomoqe/thtai peri\ paidei/an th\n pro\s to\ koino/n. peri\ de\ th=s kaq' e(/kaston paidei/as, kaq' h(\n a(plw=s a)nh\r a)gaqo/s e)sti, po/teron th=s politikh=s e)sti\n h)\ e(te/ras, u(/steron dioriste/on: ou) ga\r i)/sws tau)to\n a)ndri/ t' a)gaqw=| ei)=nai kai\ poli/th| panti/. th=s de\ kata\ me/ros dikaiosu/nhs kai\ tou= kat' au)th\n dikai/ou e(\n me/n e)stin ei)=dos to\ e)n tai=s dianomai=s timh=s h)\ xrhma/twn h)\ tw=n a)/llwn o(/sa merista\ toi=s koinwnou=si th=s politei/as （e)n tou/tois ga\r e)/sti kai\ a)/nison e)/xein kai\ i)/son e(/teron e(te/rou）,
e(\n de\ to\ e)n toi=s sunalla/gmasi diorqwtiko/n. tou/tou de\ me/rh du/o: tw=n ga\r sunallagma/twn ta\ me\n e(kou/sia/ e)sti ta\ d' a)kou/sia, e(kou/sia me\n ta\ toia/de oi(=on pra=sis w)nh\ daneismo\s e)ggu/h xrh=sis parakataqh/kh mi/sqwsis （e(kou/sia de\ le/getai, o(/ti h( a)rxh\ tw=n sunallagma/twn tou/twn e(kou/sios）, tw=n d' a)kousi/wn ta\ me\n laqrai=a, oi(=on kloph\ moixei/a farmakei/a proagwgei/a doulapati/a dolofoni/a yeudomarturi/a, ta\ de\ bi/aia, oi(=on ai)ki/a desmo\s qa/natos a(rpagh\ ph/rwsis kakhgori/a prophlakismo/s.
e)pei\ d' o(/ t' a)/dikos a)/nisos kai\ to\ a)/dikon a)/nison, dh=lon o(/ti kai\ me/son ti e)/sti tou= a)ni/sou. tou=to d' e)sti\ to\ i)/son: e)n o(poi/a| ga\r pra/cei e)/sti to\ ple/on kai\ to\ e)/latton, e)/sti kai\ to\ i)/son. ei) ou)=n to\ a)/dikon a)/nison, to\ di/kaion i)/son: o(/per kai\ a)/neu lo/gou dokei= pa=sin. e)pei\ de\ to\ i)/son me/son, to\ di/kaion me/son ti a)\n ei)/h. e)/sti de\ to\ i)/son e)n e)laxi/stois dusi/n. a)na/gkh toi/nun to\ di/kaion me/son te kai\ i)/son ei)=nai kai\ pro/s ti kai\ tisi/n, kai\ h(=| me\n me/son, tinw=n （tau=ta d' e)sti\ plei=on kai\ e)/latton）, h(=| d' i)/son, duoi=n, h(=| de\ di/kaion, tisi/n. a)na/gkh a)/ra to\ di/kaion e)n e)laxi/stois ei)=nai te/ttarsin: oi(=s te ga\r di/kaion tugxa/nei o)/n, du/o e)sti/, kai\ e)n oi(=s, ta\ pra/gmata, du/o. kai\ h( au)th\ e)/stai i)so/ths, oi(=s kai\ e)n oi(=s: w(s ga\r e)kei=na e)/xei, ta\ e)n oi(=s, ou(/tw ka)kei=na e)/xei: ei) ga\r mh\ i)/soi, ou)k i)/sa e(/cousin, a)ll' e)nteu=qen ai( ma/xai kai\ ta\ e)gklh/mata, o(/tan h)\ mh\ i)/sa i)/soi h)\ mh\ i)/soi i)/sa e)/xwsi kai\ ne/mwntai. e)/ti e)k tou= kat' a)ci/an tou=to dh=lon: to\ ga\r di/kaion e)n tai=s nomai=s o(mologou=si pa/ntes kat' a)ci/an tina\ dei=n ei)=nai, th\n me/ntoi a)ci/an ou) th\n au)th\n le/gousi pa/ntes u(pa/rxein, a)ll' oi( me\n dhmokratikoi\ e)leuqeri/an, oi( d' o)ligarxikoi\ plou=ton, oi(\ d' eu)ge/neian, oi( d' a)ristokratikoi\ a)reth/n. e)/stin a)/ra to\ di/kaion a)na/logo/n ti. to\ ga\r a)na/logon ou) mo/non e)sti\ monadikou= a)riqmou= i)/dion, a)ll' o(/lws a)riqmou=: h( ga\r a)nalogi/a i)so/ths e)sti\ lo/gwn, kai\ e)n te/ttarsin e)laxi/stois. h( me\n ou)=n dih|rhme/nh o(/ti e)n te/ttarsi, dh=lon. a)lla\ kai\ h( sunexh/s: tw=| ga\r e(ni\ w(s dusi\ xrh=tai kai\ di\s le/gei,
oi(=on w(s h( tou= a pro\s th\n tou= b, ou(/tws h( tou= b pro\s th\n tou= g. di\s ou)=n h( tou= b ei)/rhtai: w(/st' e)a\n h( tou= b teqh=| di/s, te/ttara e)/stai ta\ a)na/loga. e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ di/kaion e)n te/ttarsin e)laxi/stois, kai\ o( lo/gos o( au)to/s: dih/|rhtai ga\r o(moi/ws oi(=s te kai\ a(/. e)/stai a)/ra w(s o( a o(/ros pro\s to\n b, ou(/tws o( g pro\s to\n d, kai\ e)nalla\c a)/ra, w(s o( a pro\s to\n g, o( b pro\s to\n d. w(/ste kai\ to\ o(/lon pro\s to\ o(/lon: o(/per h( nomh\ sundua/zei, ka)\n ou(/tw sunteqh=|, dikai/ws sundua/zei. h( a)/ra tou= a o(/rou tw=| g kai\ h( tou= b tw=| d su/zeucis to\ e)n dianomh=| di/kaio/n e)sti, kai\ me/son to\ di/kaion tou=t' e)sti/, to\ d' a)/dikon to\ para\ to\ a)na/logon: to\ ga\r a)na/logon me/son, to\ de\ di/kaion a)na/logon. kalou=si de\ th\n toiau/thn a)nalogi/an gewmetrikh\n oi( maqhmatikoi/: e)n ga\r th=| gewmetrikh=| sumbai/nei kai\ to\ o(/lon pro\s to\ o(/lon o(/per e(ka/teron pro\s e(ka/teron. e)/sti d' ou) sunexh\s au(/th h( a)nalogi/a: ou) ga\r gi/netai ei(=s a)riqmw=| o(/ros, w(=| kai\ o(/. to\ me\n ou)=n di/kaion tou=to, to\ a)na/logon: to\ d' a)/dikon to\ para\ to\ a)na/logon. gi/netai a)/ra to\ me\n ple/on to\ d' e)/latton, o(/per kai\ e)pi\ tw=n e)/rgwn sumbai/nei: o( me\n ga\r a)dikw=n ple/on e)/xei, o( d' a)dikou/menos e)/latton tou= a)gaqou=. e)pi\ de\ tou= kakou= a)na/palin: e)n a)gaqou= ga\r lo/gw| gi/netai to\ e)/latton kako\n pro\s to\ mei=zon kako/n: e)/sti ga\r to\ e)/latton kako\n ma=llon ai(reto\n tou= mei/zonos, to\ d' ai(reto\n a)gaqo/n, kai\ to\ ma=llon mei=zon. to\ me\n ou)=n e(\n ei)=dos tou= dikai/ou tou=t' e)sti/n.
to\ de\ loipo\n e(\n to\ diorqwtiko/n, o(\ gi/netai e)n toi=s sunalla/gmasi kai\ toi=s e(kousi/ois kai\ toi=s a)kousi/ois. tou=to de\ to\ di/kaion a)/llo ei)=dos e)/xei tou= pro/teron. to\ me\n ga\r dianemhtiko\n di/kaion tw=n koinw=n a)ei\ kata\ th\n a)nalogi/an e)sti\ th\n ei)rhme/nhn: kai\ ga\r a)po\ xrhma/twn koinw=n e)a\n gi/nhtai h( dianomh/, e)/stai kata\ to\n lo/gon to\n au)to\n o(/nper e)/xousi pro\s a)/llhla ta\ ei)senexqe/nta: kai\ to\ a)/dikon to\ a)ntikei/menon tw=| dikai/w| tou/tw| to\ para\ to\ a)na/logo/n e)stin. to\ d' e)n toi=s sunalla/gmasi di/kaion e)sti\ me\n i)/son ti, kai\ to\ a)/dikon a)/nison,
a)ll' ou) kata\ th\n a)nalogi/an e)kei/nhn a)lla\ kata\ th\n a)riqmhtikh/n. ou)de\n ga\r diafe/rei, ei) e)pieikh\s fau=lon a)peste/rhsen h)\ fau=los e)pieikh=, ou)d' ei) e)moi/xeusen e)pieikh\s h)\ fau=los: a)lla\ pro\s tou= bla/bous th\n diafora\n mo/non ble/pei o( no/mos, kai\ xrh=tai w(s i)/sois, ei) o(\ me\n a)dikei= o(\ d' a)dikei=tai, kai\ ei) e)/blayen o(\ de\ be/blaptai. w(/ste to\ a)/dikon tou=to a)/nison o)\n i)sa/zein peira=tai o( dikasth/s: kai\ ga\r o(/tan o(\ me\n plhgh=| o(\ de\ pata/ch|, h)\ kai\ ktei/nh| o(\ d' a)poqa/nh|, dih/|rhtai to\ pa/qos kai\ h( pra=cis ei)s a)/nisa: a)lla\ peira=tai th=| zhmi/a| i)sa/zein, a)fairw=n tou= ke/rdous. le/getai ga\r w(s a(plw=s ei)pei=n e)pi\ toi=s toiou/tois, ka)\n ei) mh/ tisin oi)kei=on o)/noma ei)/h, to\ ke/rdos, oi(=on tw=| pata/canti, kai\ h( zhmi/a tw=| paqo/nti: a)ll' o(/tan ge metrhqh=| to\ pa/qos, kalei=tai to\ me\n zhmi/a to\ de\ ke/rdos. w(/ste tou= me\n plei/onos kai\ e)la/ttonos to\ i)/son me/son, to\ de\ ke/rdos kai\ h( zhmi/a to\ me\n ple/on to\ d' e)/latton e)nanti/ws, to\ me\n tou= a)gaqou= ple/on tou= kakou= d' e)/latton ke/rdos, to\ d' e)nanti/on zhmi/a: w(=n h)=n me/son to\ i)/son, o(\ le/gomen ei)=nai di/kaion: w(/ste to\ e)panorqwtiko\n di/kaion a)\n ei)/h to\ me/son zhmi/as kai\ ke/rdous. dio\ kai\ o(/tan a)mfisbhtw=sin, e)pi\ to\n dikasth\n katafeu/gousin: to\ d' e)pi\ to\n dikasth\n i)e/nai i)e/nai e)sti\n e)pi\ to\ di/kaion: o( ga\r dikasth\s bou/letai ei)=nai oi(=on di/kaion e)/myuxon: kai\ zhtou=si dikasth\n me/son, kai\ kalou=sin e)/nioi mesidi/ous, w(s e)a\n tou= me/sou tu/xwsi, tou= dikai/ou teuco/menoi. me/son a)/ra ti to\ di/kaion, ei)/per kai\ o( dikasth/s. o( de\ dikasth\s e)panisoi=, kai\ w(/sper grammh=s ei)s a)/nisa tetmhme/nhs, w(=| to\ mei=zon tmh=ma th=s h(misei/as u(pere/xei, tou=t' a)fei=le kai\ tw=| e)la/ttoni tmh/mati prose/qhken. o(/tan de\ di/xa diaireqh=| to\ o(/lon, to/te fasi\n e)/xein to\ au(tou= o(/tan la/bwsi to\ i)/son. to\ d' i)/son me/son e)sti\ th=s mei/zonos kai\ e)la/ttonos kata\ th\n a)riqmhtikh\n a)nalogi/an. dia\ tou=to kai\ o)noma/zetai di/kaion, o(/ti di/xa e)sti/n, w(/sper a)\n ei)/ tis ei)/poi di/xaion, kai\ o( dikasth\s dixasth/s. e)pa\n ga\r du/o i)/swn a)faireqh=| a)po\ qate/rou, pro\s qa/teron de\ prosteqh=|, dusi\ tou/tois u(pere/xei qa/teron: ei) ga\r a)fh|re/qh me/n, mh\ prosete/qh de/, e(ni\ a)\n mo/non u(perei=xen.
tou= me/sou a)/ra e(ni/, kai\ to\ me/son, a)f' ou(= a)fh|re/qh, e(ni/. tou/tw| a)/ra gnwriou=men ti/ te a)felei=n dei= a)po\ tou= ple/on e)/xontos, kai\ ti/ prosqei=nai tw=| e)/latton e)/xonti: w(=| me\n ga\r to\ me/son u(pere/xei, tou=to prosqei=nai dei= tw=| e)/latton e)/xonti, w(=| d' u(pere/xetai, a)felei=n a)po\ tou= megi/stou. i)/sai ai( e)f' w(=n aa bb gg a)llh/lais: a)po\ th=s aa a)fh|rh/sqw to\ ae, kai\ proskei/sqw th=| gg to\ e)f' w(=| gd, w(/ste o(/lh h( dgg th=s ea u(pere/xei tw=| gd kai\ tw=| gz: th=s a)/ra bb tw=| gd. e)/sti de\ tou=to kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn texnw=n: a)nh|rou=nto ga\r a)/n, ei) mh\ e)poi/ei to\ poiou=n kai\ o(/son kai\ oi(=on, kai\ to\ pa/sxon e)/pasxe tou=to kai\ tosou=ton kai\ toiou=ton. e)lh/luqe de\ ta\ o)no/mata tau=ta, h(/ te zhmi/a kai\ to\ ke/rdos, e)k th=s e(kousi/ou a)llagh=s: to\ me\n ga\r ple/on e)/xein h)\ ta\ au(tou= kerdai/nein le/getai, to\ d' e)/latton tw=n e)c a)rxh=s zhmiou=sqai, oi(=on e)n tw=| w)nei=sqai kai\ pwlei=n kai\ e)n o(/sois a)/llois a)/deian de/dwken o( no/mos: o(/tan de\ mh/te ple/on mh/t' e)/latton a)ll' au)ta\ ta\ di' au)tw=n ge/nhtai, ta\ au(tw=n fasi\n e)/xein kai\ ou)/te zhmiou=sqai ou)/te kerdai/nein. w(/ste ke/rdous tino\s kai\ zhmi/as me/son to\ di/kaio/n e)sti tw=n para\ to\ e(kou/sion, to\ i)/son e)/xein kai\ pro/teron kai\ u(/steron.
dokei= de/ tisi kai\ to\ a)ntipeponqo\s ei)=nai a(plw=s di/kaion, w(/sper oi( *puqago/reioi e)/fasan: w(ri/zonto ga\r a(plw=s to\ di/kaion to\ a)ntipeponqo\s a)/llw|. to\ d' a)ntipeponqo\s ou)k e)farmo/ttei ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ nemhtiko\n di/kaion ou)/t' e)pi\ to\ diorqwtiko/n—kai/toi bou/lontai/ ge tou=to le/gein kai\ to\ *(radama/nquos di/kaion: ei)/ ke pa/qoi ta/ t' e)/rece, di/kh k' i)qei=a ge/noito
—pollaxou= ga\r diafwnei=: oi(=on ei) a)rxh\n e)/xwn e)pa/tacen, ou) dei= a)ntiplhgh=nai, kai\ ei) a)/rxonta e)pa/tacen, ou) plhgh=nai mo/non dei= a)lla\ kai\ kolasqh=nai. e)/ti to\ e(kou/sion kai\ to\ a)kou/sion diafe/rei polu/. a)ll' e)n me\n tai=s koinwni/ais tai=s a)llaktikai=s sune/xei to\ toiou=ton di/kaion, to\ a)ntipeponqo\s kat' a)nalogi/an kai\ mh\ kat' i)so/thta. tw=| a)ntipoiei=n ga\r a)na/logon summe/nei h( po/lis. h)\ ga\r to\ kakw=s zhtou=sin:
ei) de\ mh/, doulei/a dokei= ei)=nai ei) mh\ a)ntipoih/sei: h)\ to\ eu)=: ei) de\ mh/, meta/dosis ou) gi/netai, th=| metado/sei de\ summe/nousin. dio\ kai\ *xari/twn i(ero\n e)mpodw\n poiou=ntai, i(/n' a)ntapo/dosis h)=|: tou=to ga\r i)/dion xa/ritos: a)nquphreth=sai ga\r dei= tw=| xarisame/nw|, kai\ pa/lin au)to\n a)/rcai xarizo/menon. poiei= de\ th\n a)nti/dosin th\n kat' a)nalogi/an h( kata\ dia/metron su/zeucis. oi)kodo/mos e)f' w(=| a, skutoto/mos e)f' w(=| b, oi)ki/a e)f' w(=| g, u(po/dhma e)f' w(=| d. dei= ou)=n lamba/nein to\n oi)kodo/mon para\ tou= skutoto/mou to\ e)kei/nou e)/rgon, kai\ au)to\n e)kei/nw| metadido/nai to\ au(tou=. e)a\n ou)=n prw=ton h)=| to\ kata\ th\n a)nalogi/an i)/son, ei)=ta to\ a)ntipeponqo\s ge/nhtai, e)/stai to\ lego/menon. ei) de\ mh/, ou)k i)/son, ou)de\ summe/nei: ou)qe\n ga\r kwlu/ei krei=tton ei)=nai to\ qate/rou e)/rgon h)\ to\ qate/rou: dei= ou)=n tau=ta i)sasqh=nai. e)/sti de\ tou=to kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn texnw=n: a)nh|rou=nto ga\r a)/n, ei) mh\ o(\ e)poi/ei to\ poiou=n kai\ o(/son kai\ oi(=on, kai\ to\ pa/sxon e)/pasxe tou=to kai\ tosou=ton kai\ toiou=ton. ou) ga\r e)k du/o i)atrw=n gi/netai koinwni/a, a)ll' e)c i)atrou= kai\ gewrgou=, kai\ o(/lws e(te/rwn kai\ ou)k i)/swn: a)lla\ tou/tous dei= i)sasqh=nai. dio\ pa/nta sumblhta\ dei= pws ei)=nai, w(=n e)sti\n a)llagh/. e)f' o(\ to\ no/mism' e)lh/luqe, kai\ gi/netai/ pws me/son: pa/nta ga\r metrei=, w(/ste kai\ th\n u(peroxh\n kai\ th\n e)/lleiyin, po/sa a)/tta dh\ u(podh/mat' i)/son oi)ki/a| h)\ trofh=|. dei= toi/nun o(/per oi)kodo/mos pro\s skutoto/mon, tosadi\ u(podh/mata pro\s oi)ki/an h)\ trofh/n. ei) ga\r mh\ tou=to, ou)k e)/stai a)llagh\ ou)de\ koinwni/a. tou=to d', ei) mh\ i)/sa ei)/h pws, ou)k e)/stai. dei= a)/ra e(ni/ tini pa/nta metrei=sqai, w(/sper e)le/xqh pro/teron. tou=to d' e)sti\ th=| me\n a)lhqei/a| h( xrei/a, h(\ pa/nta sune/xei: ei) ga\r mhqe\n de/ointo h)\ mh\ o(moi/ws, h)\ ou)k e)/stai a)llagh\ h)\ ou)x h( au)th/: oi(=on d' u(pa/llagma th=s xrei/as to\ no/misma ge/gone kata\ sunqh/khn: kai\ dia\ tou=to tou)/noma e)/xei no/misma, o(/ti ou) fu/sei a)lla\ no/mw| e)sti/, kai\ e)f' h(mi=n metabalei=n kai\ poih=sai a)/xrhston. e)/stai dh\ a)ntipeponqo/s, o(/tan i)sasqh=|, w(/ste o(/per gewrgo\s pro\s skutoto/mon, to\ e)/rgon to\ tou= skutoto/mou pro\s to\ tou= gewrgou=.
ei)s sxh=ma d' a)nalogi/as ou) dei= a)/gein, o(/tan a)lla/cwntai （ei) de\ mh/, a)mfote/ras e(/cei ta\s u(peroxa\s to\ e(/teron a)/kron）, a)ll' o(/tan e)/xwsi ta\ au(tw=n. ou(/tws i)/soi kai\ koinwnoi/, o(/ti au(/th h( i)so/ths du/natai e)p' au)tw=n gi/nesqai. gewrgo\s a, trofh\ g, skutoto/mos b, to\ e)/rgon au)tou= to\ i)sasme/non d. ei) d' ou(/tw mh\ h)=n a)ntipeponqe/nai, ou)k a)\n h)=n koinwni/a. o(/ti d' h( xrei/a sune/xei w(/sper e(/n ti o)/n, dhloi= o(/ti o(/tan mh\ e)n xrei/a| w)=sin a)llh/lwn, h)\ a)mfo/teroi h)\ a(/teros, ou)k a)lla/ttontai, †w(/sper o(/tan ou(= e)/xei au)to\s de/htai/ tis, oi(=on oi)/nou, dido/ntes si/tou e)cagwgh/n.† dei= a)/ra tou=to i)sasqh=nai. u(pe\r de\ th=s mellou/shs a)llagh=s, ei) nu=n mhde\n dei=tai, o(/ti e)/stai a)\n dehqh=|, to\ no/misma oi(=on e)gguhth/s e)sq' h(mi=n: dei= ga\r tou=to fe/ronti ei)=nai labei=n. pa/sxei me\n ou)=n kai\ tou=to to\ au)to/: ou) ga\r a)ei\ i)/son du/natai: o(/mws de\ bou/letai me/nein ma=llon. dio\ dei= pa/nta tetimh=sqai: ou(/tw ga\r a)ei\ e)/stai a)llagh/, ei) de\ tou=to, koinwni/a. to\ dh\ no/misma w(/sper me/tron su/mmetra poih=san i)sa/zei: ou)/te ga\r a)\n mh\ ou)/shs a)llagh=s koinwni/a h)=n, ou)/t' a)llagh\ i)so/thtos mh\ ou)/shs, ou)/t' i)so/ths mh\ ou)/shs summetri/as. th=| me\n ou)=n a)lhqei/a| a)du/naton ta\ tosou=ton diafe/ronta su/mmetra gene/sqai, pro\s de\ th\n xrei/an e)nde/xetai i(kanw=s. e(\n dh/ ti dei= ei)=nai, tou=to d' e)c u(poqe/sews: dio\ no/misma kalei=tai: tou=to ga\r pa/nta poiei= su/mmetra: metrei=tai ga\r pa/nta nomi/smati. oi)ki/a a, mnai= de/ka b, kli/nh g. to\ a tou= b h(/misu, ei) pe/nte mnw=n a)ci/a h( oi)ki/a, h)\ i)/son: h( de\ kli/nh de/katon me/ros, to\ g tou= b: dh=lon toi/nun po/sai kli=nai i)/son oi)ki/a|, o(/ti pe/nte. o(/ti d' ou(/tws h( a)llagh\ h)=n pri\n to\ no/misma ei)=nai, dh=lon: diafe/rei ga\r ou)de\n h)\ kli=nai pe/nte a)nti\ oi)ki/as, h)\ o(/sou ai( pe/nte kli=nai.
ti/ me\n ou)=n to\ a)/dikon kai\ ti/ to\ di/kaio/n e)stin, ei)/rhtai. diwrisme/nwn de\ tou/twn dh=lon o(/ti h( dikaiopragi/a me/son e)sti\ tou= a)dikei=n kai\ a)dikei=sqai: to\ me\n ga\r ple/on e)/xein to\ d' e)/latto/n e)stin. h( de\ dikaiosu/nh meso/ths ti/s e)stin, ou) to\n au)to\n de\ tro/pon tai=s a)/llais a)retai=s, a)ll' o(/ti me/sou e)sti/n: h( d' a)diki/a tw=n a)/krwn.
kai\ h( me\n dikaiosu/nh e)sti\ kaq' h(\n o( di/kaios le/getai praktiko\s kata\ proai/resin tou= dikai/ou, kai\ dianemhtiko\s kai\ au(tw=| pro\s a)/llon kai\ e(te/rw| pro\s e(/teron ou)x ou(/tws w(/ste tou= me\n ai(retou= ple/on au(tw=| e)/latton de\ tw=| plhsi/on, tou= blaberou= d' a)na/palin, a)lla\ tou= i)/sou tou= kat' a)nalogi/an, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ a)/llw| pro\s a)/llon. h( d' a)diki/a tou)nanti/on tou= a)di/kou. tou=to d' e)sti\n u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis tou= w)feli/mou h)\ blaberou= para\ to\ a)na/logon. dio\ u(perbolh\ kai\ e)/lleiyis h( a)diki/a, o(/ti u(perbolh=s kai\ e)llei/yew/s e)stin, e)f' au(tou= me\n u(perbolh=s me\n tou= a(plw=s w)feli/mou, e)llei/yews de\ tou= blaberou=: e)pi\ de\ tw=n a)/llwn to\ me\n o(/lon o(moi/ws, to\ de\ para\ to\ a)na/logon, o(pote/rws e)/tuxen. tou= de\ a)dikh/matos to\ me\n e)/latton a)dikei=sqai/ e)sti, to\ de\ mei=zon to\ a)dikei=n. peri\ me\n ou)=n dikaiosu/nhs kai\ a)diki/as, ti/s e(kate/ras e)sti\n h( fu/sis, ei)rh/sqw tou=ton to\n tro/pon, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ dikai/ou kai\ a)di/kou kaqo/lou.
e)pei\ d' e)/stin a)dikou=nta mh/pw a)/dikon ei)=nai, o( poi=a a)dikh/mata a)dikw=n h)/dh a)/diko/s e)stin e(ka/sthn a)diki/an, oi(=on kle/pths h)\ moixo\s h)\ lh|sth/s; h)\ ou(/tw me\n ou)de\n dioi/sei; kai\ ga\r a)\n sugge/noito gunaiki\ ei)dw\s to\ h(=|, a)ll' ou) dia\ proaire/sews a)rxh\n a)lla\ dia\ pa/qos. a)dikei= me\n ou)=n, a)/dikos d' ou)k e)/stin, oi(=on ou) kle/pths, e)/kleye de/, ou)de\ moixo/s, e)moi/xeuse de/: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn. pw=s me\n ou)=n e)/xei to\ a)ntipeponqo\s pro\s to\ di/kaion, ei)/rhtai pro/teron: dei= de\ mh\ lanqa/nein o(/ti to\ zhtou/meno/n e)sti kai\ to\ a(plw=s di/kaion kai\ to\ politiko\n di/kaion. tou=to d' e)/stin e)pi\ koinwnw=n bi/ou pro\s to\ ei)=nai au)ta/rkeian, e)leuqe/rwn kai\ i)/swn h)\ kat' a)nalogi/an h)\ kat' a)riqmo/n: w(/ste o(/sois mh/ e)sti tou=to, ou)k e)/sti tou/tois pro\s a)llh/lous to\ politiko\n di/kaion, a)lla/ ti di/kaion kai\ kaq' o(moio/thta. e)/sti ga\r di/kaion, oi(=s kai\ no/mos pro\s au(tou/s: no/mos d', e)n oi(=s a)diki/a: h( ga\r di/kh kri/sis tou= dikai/ou kai\ tou= a)di/kou. e)n oi(=s d' a)diki/a, kai\ to\ a)dikei=n e)n tou/tois （e)n oi(=s de\ to\ a)dikei=n, ou) pa=sin a)diki/a）, tou=to d' e)sti\ to\ ple/on au(tw=| ne/mein tw=n a(plw=s a)gaqw=n, e)/latton de\ tw=n a(plw=s kakw=n. dio\ ou)k e)w=men a)/rxein a)/nqrwpon, a)lla\ to\n lo/gon, o(/ti e(autw=| tou=to poiei=
kai\ gi/netai tu/rannos. e)/sti d' o( a)/rxwn fu/lac tou= dikai/ou, ei) de\ tou= dikai/ou, kai\ tou= i)/sou. e)pei\ d' ou)qe\n au)tw=| ple/on ei)=nai dokei=, ei)/per di/kaios （ou) ga\r ne/mei ple/on tou= a(plw=s a)gaqou= au(tw=|, ei) mh\ pro\s au)to\n a)na/logo/n e)stin: dio\ e(te/rw| ponei=: kai\ dia\ tou=to a)llo/trion ei)=nai/ fasin a)gaqo\n th\n dikaiosu/nhn, kaqa/per e)le/xqh kai\ pro/teron）: misqo\s a)/ra tis dote/os, tou=to de\ timh\ kai\ ge/ras: o(/tw| de\ mh\ i(kana\ ta\ toiau=ta, ou(=toi gi/nontai tu/rannoi. to\ de\ despotiko\n di/kaion kai\ to\ patriko\n ou) tau)to\n tou/tois a)ll' o(/moion: ou) ga\r e)/stin a)diki/a pro\s ta\ au(tou= a(plw=s, to\ de\ kth=ma kai\ to\ te/knon, e(/ws a)\n h)=| phli/kon kai\ xwrisqh=|, w(/sper me/ros au(tou=, au(to\n d' ou)dei\s proairei=tai bla/ptein: dio\ ou)k e)/stin a)diki/a pro\s au(to/n: ou)d' a)/ra a)/dikon ou)de\ di/kaion to\ politiko/n: kata\ no/mon ga\r h)=n, kai\ e)n oi(=s e)pefu/kei ei)=nai no/mos, ou(=toi d' h)=san oi(=s u(pa/rxei i)so/ths tou= a)/rxein kai\ a)/rxesqai. dio\ ma=llon pro\s gunai=ka/ e)sti di/kaion h)\ pro\s te/kna kai\ kth/mata: tou=to ga/r e)sti to\ oi)konomiko\n di/kaion: e(/teron de\ kai\ tou=to tou= politikou=. tou= de\ politikou= dikai/ou to\ me\n fusiko/n e)sti to\ de\ nomiko/n, fusiko\n me\n to\ pantaxou= th\n au)th\n e)/xon du/namin, kai\ ou) tw=| dokei=n h)\ mh/, nomiko\n de\ o(\ e)c a)rxh=s me\n ou)de\n diafe/rei ou(/tws h)\ a)/llws, o(/tan de\ qw=ntai, diafe/rei, oi(=on to\ mna=s lutrou=sqai, h)\ to\ ai)=ga qu/ein a)lla\ mh\ du/o pro/bata, e)/ti o(/sa e)pi\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta nomoqetou=sin, oi(=on to\ qu/ein *brasi/da|, kai\ ta\ yhfismatw/dh. dokei= d' e)ni/ois ei)=nai pa/nta toiau=ta, o(/ti to\ me\n fu/sei a)ki/nhton kai\ pantaxou= th\n au)th\n e)/xei du/namin, w(/sper to\ pu=r kai\ e)nqa/de kai\ e)n *pe/rsais kai/ei, ta\ de\ di/kaia kinou/mena o(rw=sin. tou=to d' ou)k e)/stin ou(/tws e)/xon, a)ll' e)/stin w(/s: kai/toi para/ ge toi=s qeoi=s i)/sws ou)damw=s, par' h(mi=n d' e)/sti me/n ti kai\ fu/sei, kinhto\n me/ntoi pa=n, a)ll' o(/mws e)sti\ to\ me\n fu/sei to\ d' ou) fu/sei. poi=on de\ fu/sei tw=n e)ndexome/nwn kai\ a)/llws e)/xein, kai\ poi=on ou)\ a)lla\ nomiko\n kai\ sunqh/kh|, ei)/per a)/mfw kinhta\ o(moi/ws, dh=lon. kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn o( au)to\s a(rmo/sei diorismo/s: fu/sei ga\r h( decia\ krei/ttwn, kai/toi e)nde/xetai pa/ntas a)mfideci/ous gene/sqai. ta\ de\ kata\ sunqh/khn kai\ to\ sumfe/ron tw=n dikai/wn
o(/moia/ e)sti toi=s me/trois: ou) ga\r pantaxou= i)/sa ta\ oi)nhra\ kai\ sithra\ me/tra, a)ll' ou(= me\n w)nou=ntai, mei/zw, ou(= de\ pwlou=sin, e)la/ttw. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\ mh\ fusika\ a)ll' a)nqrw/pina di/kaia ou) tau)ta\ pantaxou=, e)pei\ ou)d' ai( politei=ai, a)lla\ mi/a mo/non pantaxou= kata\ fu/sin h( a)ri/sth. tw=n de\ dikai/wn kai\ nomi/mwn e(/kaston w(s ta\ kaqo/lou pro\s ta\ kaq' e(/kasta e)/xei: ta\ me\n ga\r pratto/mena polla/, e)kei/nwn d' e(/kaston e(/n: kaqo/lou ga/r. diafe/rei de\ to\ a)di/khma kai\ to\ a)/dikon kai\ to\ dikai/wma kai\ to\ di/kaion: a)/dikon me\n ga/r e)sti th=| fu/sei h)\ ta/cei: au)to\ de\ tou=to, o(/tan praxqh=|, a)di/khma/ e)sti, pri\n de\ praxqh=nai, ou)/pw, a)ll' a)/dikon. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ dikai/wma: kalei=tai de\ ma=llon dikaiopra/ghma to\ koino/n, dikai/wma de\ to\ e)pano/rqwma tou= a)dikh/matos. kaq' e(/kaston de\ au)tw=n, poi=a/ te ei)/dh kai\ po/sa kai\ peri\ poi=a tugxa/nei o)/nta, u(/steron e)piskepte/on. o)/ntwn de\ tw=n dikai/wn kai\ a)di/kwn tw=n ei)rhme/nwn, a)dikei= me\n kai\ dikaiopragei= o(/tan e(kw/n tis au)ta\ pra/tth|: o(/tan d' a)/kwn, ou)/t' a)dikei= ou)/te dikaiopragei= a)ll' h)\ kata\ sumbebhko/s: oi(=s ga\r sumbe/bhke dikai/ois ei)=nai h)\ a)di/kois, pra/ttousin. a)di/khma de\ kai\ dikaiopra/ghma w(/ristai tw=| e(kousi/w| kai\ a)kousi/w|: o(/tan ga\r e(kou/sion h)=|, ye/getai, a(/ma de\ kai\ a)di/khma to/t' e)sti/n: w(/st' e)/stai ti a)/dikon me\n a)di/khma d' ou)/pw, a)\n mh\ to\ e(kou/sion prosh=|. le/gw d' e(kou/sion me/n, w(/sper kai\ pro/teron ei)/rhtai, o(\ a)/n tis tw=n e)f' au(tw=| o)/ntwn ei)dw\s kai\ mh\ a)gnow=n pra/tth| mh/te o(\n mh/te w(=| mh/te ou(= e(/neka, oi(=on ti/na tu/ptei kai\ ti/ni kai\ ti/nos e(/neka, ka)kei/nwn e(/kaston mh\ kata\ sumbebhko\s mhde\ bi/a| （w(/sper ei)/ tis labw\n th\n xei=ra au)tou= tu/ptoi e(/teron, ou)x e(kw/n: ou) ga\r e)p' au)tw=|）: e)nde/xetai de\ to\n tupto/menon pate/ra ei)=nai, to\n d' o(/ti me\n a)/nqrwpos h)\ tw=n paro/ntwn tis ginw/skein, o(/ti de\ path\r a)gnoei=n: o(moi/ws de\ to\ toiou=ton diwri/sqw kai\ e)pi\ tou= ou(= e(/neka, kai\ peri\ th\n pra=cin o(/lhn. to\ dh\ a)gnoou/menon, h)\ mh\ a)gnoou/menon me\n mh\ e)p' au)tw=| d' o)/n, h)\ bi/a|, a)kou/sion. polla\ ga\r kai\ tw=n fu/sei u(parxo/ntwn
ei)do/tes kai\ pra/ttomen kai\ pa/sxomen, w(=n ou)qe\n ou)/q' e(kou/sion ou)/t' a)kou/sio/n e)stin, oi(=on to\ ghra=n h)\ a)poqnh/skein. e)/sti d' o(moi/ws e)pi\ tw=n a)di/kwn kai\ tw=n dikai/wn kai\ to\ kata\ sumbebhko/s: kai\ ga\r a)\n th\n parakataqh/khn a)podoi/h tis a)/kwn kai\ dia\ fo/bon, o(\n ou)/te di/kaia pra/ttein ou)/te dikaiopragei=n fate/on a)ll' h)\ kata\ sumbebhko/s. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ to\n a)nagkazo/menon kai\ a)/konta th\n parakataqh/khn mh\ a)podido/nta kata\ sumbebhko\s fate/on a)dikei=n kai\ ta\ a)/dika pra/ttein. tw=n de\ e(kousi/wn ta\ me\n proelo/menoi pra/ttomen ta\ d' ou) proelo/menoi, proelo/menoi me\n o(/sa probouleusa/menoi, a)proai/reta de\ o(/s' a)probou/leuta. triw=n dh\ ou)sw=n blabw=n tw=n e)n tai=s koinwni/ais, ta\ me\n met' a)gnoi/as a(marth/mata/ e)stin, o(/tan mh/te o(\n mh/te o(\ mh/te w(=| mh/te ou(= e(/neka u(pe/labe pra/ch|: h)\ ga\r ou) ba/llein h)\ ou) tou/tw| h)\ ou) tou=ton h)\ ou) tou/tou e(/neka w)|h/qh, a)lla\ sune/bh ou)x ou(= e(/neka w)|h/qh, oi(=on ou)x i(/na trw/sh| a)ll' i(/na kenth/sh|, h)\ ou)x o(/n, h)\ ou)x w(=|. o(/tan me\n ou)=n paralo/gws h( bla/bh ge/nhtai, a)tu/xhma: o(/tan de\ mh\ paralo/gws, a)/neu de\ kaki/as, a(ma/rthma （a(marta/nei me\n ga\r o(/tan h( a)rxh\ e)n au)tw=| h)=| th=s ai)ti/as, a)tuxei= d' o(/tan e)/cwqen）: o(/tan de\ ei)dw\s me\n mh\ probouleu/sas de/, a)di/khma, oi(=on o(/sa te dia\ qumo\n kai\ a)/lla pa/qh, o(/sa a)nagkai=a h)\ fusika\ sumbai/nei toi=s a)nqrw/pois: tau=ta ga\r bla/ptontes kai\ a(marta/nontes a)dikou=si me/n, kai\ a)dikh/mata/ e)stin, ou) me/ntoi pw a)/dikoi dia\ tau=ta ou)de\ ponhroi/: ou) ga\r dia\ moxqhri/an h( bla/bh: o(/tan d' e)k proaire/sews, a)/dikos kai\ moxqhro/s. dio\ kalw=s ta\ e)k qumou= ou)k e)k pronoi/as kri/netai: ou) ga\r a)/rxei o( qumw=| poiw=n, a)ll' o( o)rgi/sas. e)/ti de\ ou)de\ peri\ tou= gene/sqai h)\ mh\ a)mfisbhtei=tai, a)lla\ peri\ tou= dikai/ou: e)pi\ fainome/nh| ga\r a)diki/a| h( o)rgh/ e)stin. ou) ga\r w(/sper e)n toi=s sunalla/gmasi peri\ tou= gene/sqai a)mfisbhtou=sin, w(=n a)na/gkh to\n e(/teron ei)=nai moxqhro/n, a)\n mh\ dia\ lh/qhn au)to\ drw=sin: a)ll' o(mologou=ntes peri\ tou= pra/gmatos, peri\ de\ tou= pote/rws di/kaion a)mfisbhtou=sin （o( d' e)pibouleu/sas ou)k a)gnoei=）, w(/ste o(\ me\n oi)/etai a)dikei=sqai, o(\ d' ou)/.
e)a\n d' e)k proaire/sews bla/yh|, a)dikei=: kai\ kata\ tau=t' h)/dh ta\ a)dikh/mata o( a)dikw=n a)/dikos, o(/tan para\ to\ a)na/logon h)=| h)\ para\ to\ i)/son. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ di/kaios, o(/tan proelo/menos dikaiopragh=|: dikaiopragei= de/, a)\n mo/non e(kw\n pra/tth|. tw=n d' a)kousi/wn ta\ me/n e)sti suggnwmonika\ ta\ d' ou) suggnwmonika/. o(/sa me\n ga\r mh\ mo/non a)gnoou=ntes a)lla\ kai\ di' a)/gnoian a(marta/nousi, suggnwmonika/, o(/sa de\ mh\ di' a)/gnoian, a)ll' a)gnoou=ntes me\n dia\ pa/qos de\ mh/te fusiko\n mh/t' a)nqrw/pinon, ou) suggnwmonika/.
a)porh/seie d' a)/n tis, ei) i(kanw=s diw/ristai peri\ tou= a)dikei=sqai kai\ a)dikei=n, prw=ton me\n ei) e)/stin w(/sper *eu)ripi/dhs ei)/rhke, le/gwn a)to/pws mhte/ra kate/ktan th\n e)mh/n, braxu\s lo/gos.e(kw\n e(kou=san, h)\ ou)x e(kou=san ou)x e(kw/n;
po/teron ga\r w(s a)lhqw=s e)/stin e(ko/nta a)dikei=sqai, h)\ ou)\ a)ll' a)kou/sion a(/pan, w(/sper kai\ to\ a)dikei=n pa=n e(kou/sion; kai\ a)=ra pa=n ou(/tws h)\ e)kei/nws, w(/sper kai\ to\ a)dikei=n pa=n e(kou/sion, h)\ to\ me\n e(kou/sion to\ d' a)kou/sion; o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tou= dikaiou=sqai: to\ ga\r dikaiopragei=n pa=n e(kou/sion: w(/st' eu)/logon a)ntikei=sqai o(moi/ws kaq' e(ka/teron, to/ t' a)dikei=sqai kai\ dikaiou=sqai h)\ e(kou/sion h)\ a)kou/sion ei)=nai. a)/topon d' a)\n do/ceie kai\ e)pi\ tou= dikaiou=sqai, ei) pa=n e(kou/sion: e)/nioi ga\r dikaiou=ntai ou)x e(ko/ntes. e)/peita kai\ to/de diaporh/seien a)/n tis, po/teron o( to\ a)/dikon peponqw\s a)dikei=tai pa=s, h)\ w(/sper kai\ e)pi\ tou= pra/ttein, kai\ e)pi\ tou= pa/sxein e)sti/n: kata\ sumbebhko\s ga\r e)nde/xetai e)p' a)mfote/rwn metalamba/nein tw=n dikai/wn: o(moi/ws de\ dh=lon o(/ti kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)di/kwn: ou) ga\r tau)to\n to\ ta)/dika pra/ttein tw=| a)dikei=n ou)de\ to\ a)/dika pa/sxein tw=| a)dikei=sqai: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tou= dikaiopragei=n kai\ dikaiou=sqai: a)du/naton ga\r a)dikei=sqai mh\ a)dikou=ntos h)\ dikaiou=sqai mh\ dikaiopragou=ntos. ei) d' e)sti\n a(plw=s to\ a)dikei=n to\ bla/ptein e(ko/nta tina/, to\ d' e(ko/nta ei)do/ta kai\ o(\n kai\ w(=| kai\ w(/s, o( d' a)krath\s e(kw\n bla/ptei au)to\s au(to/n, e(kw/n t' a)\n a)dikoi=to ka)\n e)nde/xoito au)to\s au(to\n a)dikei=n. e)/sti de\ kai\ tou=to e(\n tw=n a)poroume/nwn,
ei) e)nde/xetai au)to\n au(to\n a)dikei=n. e)/ti e(kw\n a)/n tis di' a)krasi/an u(p' a)/llou bla/ptoito e(ko/ntos, w(/st' ei)/h a)\n e(ko/nt' a)dikei=sqai. h)\ ou)k o)rqo\s o( diorismo/s, a)lla\ prosqete/on tw=| bla/ptein ei)do/ta kai\ o(\n kai\ w(=| kai\ w(\s to\ para\ th\n e)kei/nou bou/lhsin; bla/ptetai me\n ou)=n tis e(kw\n kai\ ta)/dika pa/sxei, a)dikei=tai d' ou)dei\s e(kw/n: ou)dei\s ga\r bou/letai, ou)d' o( a)krath/s, a)lla\ para\ th\n bou/lhsin pra/ttei: ou)/te ga\r bou/letai ou)dei\s o(\ mh\ oi)/etai ei)=nai spoudai=on, o(/ te a)krath\s ou)x a(\ oi)/etai dei=n pra/ttein pra/ttei. o( de\ ta\ au(tou= didou/s, w(/sper *(/omhro/s fhsi dou=nai to\n *glau=kon tw=| *diomh/dei xru/sea xalkei/wn, e(kato/mboi' e)nneaboi/wn,
Hom. Il. 6.236 ou)k a)dikei=tai: e)p' au)tw=| ga/r e)sti to\ dido/nai, to\ d' a)dikei=sqai ou)k e)p' au)tw=|, a)lla\ to\n a)dikou=nta dei= u(pa/rxein. peri\ me\n ou)=n tou= a)dikei=sqai, o(/ti ou)x e(kou/sion, dh=lon.
e)/ti d' w(=n proeilo/meqa du/' e)/stin ei)pei=n, po/tero/n pot' a)dikei= o( nei/mas para\ th\n a)ci/an to\ ple/on h)\ o( e)/xwn, kai\ ei) e)/stin au)to\n au(to\n a)dikei=n. ei) ga\r e)nde/xetai to\ pro/teron lexqe\n kai\ o( diane/mwn a)dikei= a)ll' ou)x o( e)/xwn to\ ple/on, ei)/ tis ple/on au(tou= e(te/rw| ne/mei ei)dw\s kai\ e(kw/n, ou(=tos au)to\s au(to\n a)dikei=: o(/per dokou=sin oi( me/trioi poiei=n: o( ga\r e)pieikh\s e)lattwtiko/s e)stin. h)\ ou)de\ tou=to a(plou=n; e(te/rou ga\r a)gaqou=, ei) e)/tuxen, pleonektei=, oi(=on do/chs h)\ tou= a(plw=s kalou=. e)/ti lu/etai kata\ to\n diorismo\n tou= a)dikei=n: ou)de\n ga\r para\ th\n au(tou= pa/sxei bou/lhsin, w(/ste ou)k a)dikei=tai dia/ ge tou=to, a)ll' ei)/per, bla/ptetai mo/non. fanero\n de\ o(/ti kai\ o( diane/mwn a)dikei=, a)ll' ou)x o( to\ ple/on e)/xwn a)ei/: ou) ga\r w(=| to\ a)/dikon u(pa/rxei a)dikei=, a)ll' w(=| to\ e(ko/nta tou=to poiei=n: tou=to d' o(/qen h( a)rxh\ th=s pra/cews, h(/ e)stin e)n tw=| diane/monti a)ll' ou)k e)n tw=| lamba/nonti. e)/ti e)pei\ pollaxw=s to\ poiei=n le/getai, kai\ e)/stin w(s ta\ a)/yuxa ktei/nei kai\ h( xei\r kai\ o( oi)ke/ths e)pita/cantos, ou)k a)dikei= me/n, poiei= de\ ta\ a)/dika. e)/ti ei) me\n a)gnow=n e)/krinen, ou)k a)dikei= kata\ to\ nomiko\n di/kaion ou)d' a)/dikos h( kri/sis e)sti/n, e)/sti d' w(s a)/dikos: e(/teron ga\r to\ nomiko\n di/kaion kai\ to\ prw=ton: ei) de\ ginw/skwn e)/krinen a)di/kws,
pleonektei= kai\ au)to\s h)\ xa/ritos h)\ timwri/as. w(/sper ou)=n ka)\n ei)/ tis meri/saito tou= a)dikh/matos, kai\ o( dia\ tau=ta kri/nas a)di/kws ple/on e)/xei: kai\ ga\r e)p' e)kei/nw| to\n a)gro\n kri/nas ou)k a)gro\n a)ll' a)rgu/rion e)/laben. oi( d' a)/nqrwpoi e)f' e(autoi=s oi)/ontai ei)=nai to\ a)dikei=n: dio\ kai\ to\ di/kaion ei)=nai r(a/|dion. to\ d' ou)k e)/stin: suggene/sqai me\n ga\r th=| tou= gei/tonos kai\ pata/cai to\n plhsi/on kai\ dou=nai th=| xeiri\ to\ a)rgu/rion r(a/|dion kai\ e)p' au)toi=s, a)lla\ to\ w(di\ e)/xontas tau=ta poiei=n ou)/te r(a/|dion ou)/t' e)p' au)toi=s. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ to\ gnw=nai ta\ di/kaia kai\ ta\ a)/dika ou)de\n oi)/ontai sofo\n ei)=nai, o(/ti peri\ w(=n oi( no/moi le/gousin ou) xalepo\n sunie/nai （a)ll' ou) tau=t' e)sti\ ta\ di/kaia a)ll' h)\ kata\ sumbebhko/s）: a)lla\ pw=s pratto/mena kai\ pw=s nemo/mena di/kaia, tou=to dh\ ple/on e)/rgon h)\ ta\ u(gieina\ ei)de/nai: e)pei\ ka)kei= me/li kai\ oi)=non kai\ e)lle/boron kai\ kau=sin kai\ tomh\n ei)de/nai r(a/|dion, a)lla\ pw=s dei= nei=mai pro\s u(gi/eian kai\ ti/ni kai\ po/te, tosou=ton e)/rgon o(/son i)atro\n ei)=nai. di' au)to\ de\ tou=to kai\ tou= dikai/ou oi)/ontai ei)=nai ou)de\n h(=tton to\ a)dikei=n, o(/ti ou)x h(=tton o( di/kaios a)lla\ kai\ ma=llon du/nait' a)\n e(/kaston pra=cai tou/twn: kai\ ga\r suggene/sqai gunaiki\ kai\ pata/cai: kai\ o( a)ndrei=os th\n a)spi/da a)fei=nai kai\ strafei\s e)f' o(poteraou=n tre/xein. a)lla\ to\ deilai/nein kai\ a)dikei=n ou) to\ tau=ta poiei=n e)sti/, plh\n kata\ sumbebhko/s, a)lla\ to\ w(di\ e)/xonta tau=ta poiei=n, w(/sper kai\ to\ i)atreu/ein kai\ to\ u(gia/zein ou) to\ te/mnein h)\ mh\ te/mnein h)\ farmakeu/ein h)\ mh\ farmakeu/ein e)sti/n, a)lla\ to\ w(di/. e)/sti de\ ta\ di/kaia e)n tou/tois oi(=s me/testi tw=n a(plw=s a)gaqw=n, e)/xousi d' u(perbolh\n e)n tou/tois kai\ e)/lleiyin: toi=s me\n ga\r ou)k e)/stin u(perbolh\ au)tw=n, oi(=on i)/sws toi=s qeoi=s, toi=s d' ou)de\n mo/rion w)fe/limon, toi=s a)nia/tws kakoi=s, a)lla\ pa/nta bla/ptei, toi=s de\ me/xri tou=: dia\ tou=t' a)nqrw/pino/n e)stin.
peri\ de\ e)pieikei/as kai\ tou= e)pieikou=s, pw=s e)/xei h( me\n e)piei/keia pro\s dikaiosu/nhn to\ d' e)pieike\s pro\s to\ di/kaion, e)xo/meno/n e)stin ei)pei=n. ou)/te ga\r w(s tau)to\n a(plw=s ou)/q' w(s e(/teron tw=| ge/nei fai/netai skopoume/nois: kai\ o(te\ me\n to\ e)pieike\s e)painou=men kai\ a)/ndra to\n toiou=ton, w(/ste kai\ e)pi\ ta\ a)/lla
e)painou=ntes metafe/romen a)nti\ tou= a)gaqou=, to\ e)pieike/steron o(/ti be/ltion dhlou=ntes: o(te\ de\ tw=| lo/gw| a)kolouqou=si fai/netai a)/topon ei) to\ e)pieike\s para\ to\ di/kaio/n ti o)\n e)paineto/n e)stin: h)\ ga\r to\ di/kaion ou) spoudai=on, h)\ to\ e)pieike\s ou) di/kaion, ei) a)/llo: h)\ ei) a)/mfw spoudai=a, tau)to/n e)stin. h( me\n ou)=n a)pori/a sxedo\n sumbai/nei dia\ tau=ta peri\ to\ e)pieike/s, e)/xei d' a(/panta tro/pon tina\ o)rqw=s kai\ ou)de\n u(penanti/on e(autoi=s: to/ te ga\r e)pieike\s dikai/ou tino\s o)\n be/ltio/n e)sti di/kaion, kai\ ou)x w(s a)/llo ti ge/nos o)\n be/ltio/n e)sti tou= dikai/ou. tau)to\n a)/ra di/kaion kai\ e)pieike/s, kai\ a)mfoi=n spoudai/oin o)/ntoin krei=tton to\ e)pieike/s. poiei= de\ th\n a)pori/an o(/ti to\ e)pieike\s di/kaion me/n e)stin, ou) to\ kata\ no/mon de/, a)ll' e)pano/rqwma nomi/mou dikai/ou. ai)/tion d' o(/ti o( me\n no/mos kaqo/lou pa=s, peri\ e)ni/wn d' ou)x oi(=o/n te o)rqw=s ei)pei=n kaqo/lou. e)n oi(=s ou)=n a)na/gkh me\n ei)pei=n kaqo/lou, mh\ oi(=o/n te de\ o)rqw=s, to\ w(s e)pi\ to\ ple/on lamba/nei o( no/mos, ou)k a)gnow=n to\ a(martano/menon. kai\ e)/stin ou)de\n h(=tton o)rqo/s: to\ ga\r a(ma/rthma ou)k e)n tw=| no/mw| ou)d' e)n tw=| nomoqe/th| a)ll' e)n th=| fu/sei tou= pra/gmato/s e)stin: eu)qu\s ga\r toiau/th h( tw=n praktw=n u(/lh e)sti/n. o(/tan ou)=n le/gh| me\n o( no/mos kaqo/lou, sumbh=| d' e)pi\ tou/tou para\ to\ kaqo/lou, to/te o)rqw=s e)/xei, h(=| paralei/pei o( nomoqe/ths kai\ h(/marten a(plw=s ei)pw/n, e)panorqou=n to\ e)lleifqe/n, o(\ ka)\n o( nomoqe/ths au)to\s a)\n ei)=pen e)kei= parw/n, kai\ ei) h)/|dei, e)nomoqe/thsen. dio\ di/kaion me/n e)sti, kai\ be/ltio/n tinos dikai/ou, ou) tou= a(plw=s de\ a)lla\ tou= dia\ to\ a(plw=s a(marth/matos. kai\ e)/stin au(/th h( fu/sis h( tou= e)pieikou=s, e)pano/rqwma no/mou, h(=| e)llei/pei dia\ to\ kaqo/lou. tou=to ga\r ai)/tion kai\ tou= mh\ pa/nta kata\ no/mon ei)=nai, o(/ti peri\ e)ni/wn a)du/naton qe/sqai no/mon, w(/ste yhfi/smatos dei=. tou= ga\r a)ori/stou a)o/ristos kai\ o( kanw/n e)stin, w(/sper kai\ th=s *lesbi/as oi)kodomi/as o( moli/bdinos kanw/n: pro\s ga\r to\ sxh=ma tou= li/qou metakinei=tai kai\ ou) me/nei o( kanw/n, kai\ to\ yh/fisma pro\s ta\ pra/gmata. ti/ me\n ou)=n e)sti\ to\ e)pieike/s, kai\ o(/ti di/kaion kai\ tino\s be/ltion dikai/ou, dh=lon. fanero\n d' e)k tou/tou kai\ o( e)pieikh\s ti/s e)stin: o( ga\r tw=n toiou/twn proairetiko\s kai\ praktiko/s, kai\
o( mh\ a)kribodi/kaios e)pi\ to\ xei=ron a)ll' e)lattwtiko/s, kai/per e)/xwn to\n no/mon bohqo/n, e)pieikh/s e)sti, kai\ h( e(/cis au(/th e)piei/keia, dikaiosu/nh tis ou)=sa kai\ ou)x e(te/ra tis e(/cis.
po/teron d' e)nde/xetai e(auto\n a)dikei=n h)\ ou)/, fanero\n e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn. ta\ me\n ga/r e)sti tw=n dikai/wn ta\ kata\ pa=san a)reth\n u(po\ tou= no/mou tetagme/na, oi(=on ou) keleu/ei a)poktinnu/nai e(auto\n o( no/mos, a(\ de\ mh\ keleu/ei, a)pagoreu/ei. e)/ti o(/tan para\ to\n no/mon bla/pth| mh\ a)ntibla/ptwn e(kw/n, a)dikei=, e(kw\n de\ o( ei)dw\s kai\ o(\n kai\ w(=|: o( de\ di' o)rgh\n e(auto\n sfa/ttwn e(kw\n tou=to dra=| para\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon, o(\ ou)k e)a=| o( no/mos: a)dikei= a)/ra. a)lla\ ti/na; h)\ th\n po/lin, au(to\n d' ou)/; e(kw\n ga\r pa/sxei, a)dikei=tai d' ou)dei\s e(kw/n. dio\ kai\ h( po/lis zhmioi=, kai/ tis a)timi/a pro/sesti tw=| e(auto\n diafqei/ranti w(s th\n po/lin a)dikou=nti. e)/ti kaq' o(\ a)/dikos mo/non o( a)dikw=n kai\ mh\ o(/lws fau=los, ou)k e)/stin a)dikh=sai e(auto/n （tou=to ga\r a)/llos e)kei/nou: e)/sti ga/r pws o( a)/dikos ou(/tw ponhro\s w(/sper o( deilo/s, ou)x w(s o(/lhn e)/xwn th\n ponhri/an, w(/st' ou)de\ kata\ tau/thn a)dikei=）: a(/ma ga\r a)\n tw=| au)tw=| ei)/h a)fh|rh=sqai kai\ proskei=sqai to\ au)to/: tou=to de\ a)du/naton, a)ll' a)ei\ e)n plei/osin a)na/gkh ei)=nai to\ di/kaion kai\ to\ a)/dikon. e)/ti de\ e(kou/sio/n te kai\ e)k proaire/sews kai\ pro/teron: o( ga\r dio/ti e)/paqe kai\ to\ au)to\ a)ntipoiw=n ou) dokei= a)dikei=n: au)to\s d' au(to/n, tau)ta\ a(/ma kai\ pa/sxei kai\ poiei=. e)/ti ei)/h a)\n e(ko/nta a)dikei=sqai. pro\s de\ tou/tois, a)/neu tw=n kata\ me/ros a)dikhma/twn ou)dei\s a)dikei=, moixeu/ei d' ou)dei\s th\n e(autou= ou)de\ toixwruxei= to\n e(autou= toi=xon ou)de\ kle/ptei ta\ au(tou=. o(/lws de\ lu/etai to\ au(to\n a)dikei=n kai\ kata\ to\n diorismo\n to\n peri\ tou= e(kousi/ws a)dikei=sqai. fanero\n de\ kai\ o(/ti a)/mfw me\n fau=la, kai\ to\ a)dikei=sqai kai\ to\ a)dikei=n （to\ me\n ga\r e)/latton to\ de\ ple/on e)/xein e)sti\ tou= me/sou kai\ w(/sper u(gieino\n me\n e)n i)atrikh=|, eu)ektiko\n de\ e)n gumnastikh=|）: a)ll' o(/mws xei=ron to\ a)dikei=n: to\ me\n ga\r a)dikei=n meta\ kaki/as kai\ yekto/n, kai\ kaki/as h)\ th=s telei/as kai\ a(plw=s h)\ e)ggu/s （ou) ga\r a(/pan to\ e(kou/sion meta\ a)diki/as）, to\ d' a)dikei=sqai a)/neu kaki/as kai\ a)diki/as. kaq' au(to\ me\n ou)=n to\ a)dikei=sqai h(=tton fau=lon,
kata\ sumbebhko\s d' ou)de\n kwlu/ei mei=zon ei)=nai kako/n. a)ll' ou)de\n me/lei th=| te/xnh|, a)lla\ pleuri=tin le/gei mei/zw no/son prosptai/smatos: kai/toi ge/noit' a)/n pote qa/teron kata\ sumbebhko/s, ei) prosptai/santa dia\ to\ pesei=n sumbai/h u(po\ tw=n polemi/wn lhfqh=nai h)\ a)poqanei=n. kata\ metafora\n de\ kai\ o(moio/thta e)/stin ou)k au)tw=| pro\s au(to\n di/kaion a)lla\ tw=n au)tou= tisi/n, ou) pa=n de\ di/kaion a)lla\ to\ despotiko\n h)\ to\ oi)konomiko/n. e)n tou/tois ga\r toi=s lo/gois die/sthke to\ lo/gon e)/xon me/ros th=s yuxh=s pro\s to\ a)/logon: ei)s a(\ dh\ ble/pousi kai\ dokei= ei)=nai a)diki/a pro\s au(to/n, o(/ti e)n tou/tois e)/sti pa/sxein ti para\ ta\s e(autw=n o)re/ceis: w(/sper ou)=n a)/rxonti kai\ a)rxome/nw| ei)=nai pro\s a)/llhla di/kaio/n ti kai\ tou/tois. peri\ me\n ou)=n dikaiosu/nhs kai\ tw=n a)/llwn, tw=n h)qikw=n a)retw=n, diwri/sqw to\n tro/pon tou=ton.
Book 6
e)pei\ de\ tugxa/nomen pro/teron ei)rhko/tes o(/ti dei= to\ me/son ai(rei=sqai, mh\ th\n u(perbolh\n mhde\ th\n e)/lleiyin, to\ de\ me/son e)sti\n w(s o( lo/gos o( o)rqo\s le/gei, tou=to die/lwmen. e)n pa/sais ga\r tai=s ei)rhme/nais e(/cesi, kaqa/per kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn, e)/sti tis skopo\s pro\s o(\n a)poble/pwn o( to\n lo/gon e)/xwn e)pitei/nei kai\ a)ni/hsin, kai/ tis e)/stin o(/ros tw=n mesoth/twn, a(\s metacu/ famen ei)=nai th=s u(perbolh=s kai\ th=s e)llei/yews, ou)/sas kata\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon. e)/sti de\ to\ me\n ei)pei=n ou(/tws a)lhqe\s me/n, ou)qe\n de\ safe/s: kai\ ga\r e)n tai=s a)/llais e)pimelei/ais, peri\ o(/sas e)sti\n e)pisth/mh, tou=t' a)lhqe\s me\n ei)pei=n, o(/ti ou)/te plei/w ou)/te e)la/ttw dei= ponei=n ou)de\ r(a|qumei=n, a)lla\ ta\ me/sa kai\ w(s o( o)rqo\s lo/gos: tou=to de\ mo/non e)/xwn a)/n tis ou)de\n a)\n ei)dei/h ple/on, oi(=on poi=a dei= prosfe/resqai pro\s to\ sw=ma, ei)/ tis ei)/peien o(/ti o(/sa h( i)atrikh\ keleu/ei kai\ w(s o( tau/thn e)/xwn. dio\ dei= kai\ peri\ ta\s th=s yuxh=s e(/ceis mh\ mo/non a)lhqw=s ei)=nai tou=t' ei)rhme/non, a)lla\ kai\ diwrisme/non ti/s e)stin o( o)rqo\s lo/gos kai\ tou/tou ti/s o(/ros.
ta\s dh\ th=s yuxh=s a)reta\s dielo/menoi
ta\s me\n ei)=nai tou= h)/qous e)/famen ta\s de\ th=s dianoi/as. peri\ me\n ou)=n tw=n h)qikw=n dielhlu/qamen, peri\ de\ tw=n loipw=n, peri\ yuxh=s prw=ton ei)po/ntes, le/gwmen ou(/tws. pro/teron me\n ou)=n e)le/xqh du/' ei)=nai me/rh th=s yuxh=s, to/ te lo/gon e)/xon kai\ to\ a)/logon: nu=n de\ peri\ tou= lo/gon e)/xontos to\n au)to\n tro/pon diairete/on. kai\ u(pokei/sqw du/o ta\ lo/gon e)/xonta, e(\n me\n w(=| qewrou=men ta\ toiau=ta tw=n o)/ntwn o(/swn ai( a)rxai\ mh\ e)nde/xontai a)/llws e)/xein, e(\n de\ w(=| ta\ e)ndexo/mena: pro\s ga\r ta\ tw=| ge/nei e(/tera kai\ tw=n th=s yuxh=s mori/wn e(/teron tw=| ge/nei to\ pro\s e(ka/teron pefuko/s, ei)/per kaq' o(moio/thta/ tina kai\ oi)keio/thta h( gnw=sis u(pa/rxei au)toi=s. lege/sqw de\ tou/twn to\ me\n e)pisthmoniko\n to\ de\ logistiko/n: to\ ga\r bouleu/esqai kai\ logi/zesqai tau)to/n, ou)dei\s de\ bouleu/etai peri\ tw=n mh\ e)ndexome/nwn a)/llws e)/xein. w(/ste to\ logistiko/n e)stin e(/n ti me/ros tou= lo/gon e)/xontos. lhpte/on a)/r' e(kate/rou tou/twn ti/s h( belti/sth e(/cis: au(/th ga\r a)reth\ e(kate/rou, h( d' a)reth\ pro\s to\ e)/rgon to\ oi)kei=on. tri/a dh/ e)stin e)n th=| yuxh=| ta\ ku/ria pra/cews kai\ a)lhqei/as, ai)/sqhsis nou=s o)/recis. tou/twn d' h( ai)/sqhsis ou)demia=s a)rxh\ pra/cews: dh=lon de\ tw=| ta\ qhri/a ai)/sqhsin me\n e)/xein pra/cews de\ mh\ koinwnei=n. e)/sti d' o(/per e)n dianoi/a| kata/fasis kai\ a)po/fasis, tou=t' e)n o)re/cei di/wcis kai\ fugh/: w(/st' e)peidh\ h( h)qikh\ a)reth\ e(/cis proairetikh/, h( de\ proai/resis o)/recis bouleutikh/, dei= dia\ tau=ta me\n to/n te lo/gon a)lhqh= ei)=nai kai\ th\n o)/recin o)rqh/n, ei)/per h( proai/resis spoudai/a, kai\ ta\ au)ta\ to\n me\n fa/nai th\n de\ diw/kein. au(/th me\n ou)=n h( dia/noia kai\ h( a)lh/qeia praktikh/: th=s de\ qewrhtikh=s dianoi/as kai\ mh\ praktikh=s mhde\ poihtikh=s to\ eu)= kai\ kakw=s ta)lhqe/s e)sti kai\ yeu=dos （tou=to ga/r e)sti panto\s dianohtikou= e)/rgon）: tou= de\ praktikou= kai\ dianohtikou= a)lh/qeia o(molo/gws e)/xousa th=| o)re/cei th=| o)rqh=|. pra/cews me\n ou)=n a)rxh\ proai/resis—o(/qen h( ki/nhsis a)ll' ou)x ou(= e(/neka—proaire/sews de\ o)/recis kai\ lo/gos o( e(/neka/ tinos. dio\ ou)/t' a)/neu nou= kai\ dianoi/as ou)/t' a)/neu h)qikh=s e)sti\n e(/cews h( proai/resis: eu)praci/a ga\r kai\ to\ e)nanti/on e)n pra/cei a)/neu dianoi/as kai\ h)/qous ou)k e)/stin. dia/noia d' au)th\ ou)qe\n kinei=, a)ll' h( e(/neka/ tou kai\ praktikh/:
au(/th ga\r kai\ th=s poihtikh=s a)/rxei: e(/neka ga/r tou poiei= pa=s o( poiw=n, kai\ ou) te/los a(plw=s （a)lla\ pro/s ti kai\ tino/s） to\ poihto/n, a)lla\ to\ prakto/n: h( ga\r eu)praci/a te/los, h( d' o)/recis tou/tou. dio\ h)\ o)rektiko\s nou=s h( proai/resis h)\ o)/recis dianohtikh/, kai\ h( toiau/th a)rxh\ a)/nqrwpos. ou)k e)/sti de\ proaireto\n ou)de\n gegono/s, oi(=on ou)dei\s proairei=tai *)/ilion peporqhke/nai: ou)de\ ga\r bouleu/etai peri\ tou= gegono/tos a)lla\ peri\ tou= e)some/nou kai\ e)ndexome/nou, to\ de\ gegono\s ou)k e)nde/xetai mh\ gene/sqai: dio\ o)rqw=s *)aga/qwn mo/nou ga\r au)tou= kai\ qeo\s steri/sketai,a)ge/nhta poiei=n a(/ss' a)\n h)=| pepragme/na.
a)mfote/rwn dh\ tw=n nohtikw=n mori/wn a)lh/qeia to\ e)/rgon. kaq' a(\s ou)=n ma/lista e(/ceis a)lhqeu/sei e(ka/teron, au(=tai a)retai\ a)mfoi=n.
a)rca/menoi ou)=n a)/nwqen peri\ au)tw=n pa/lin le/gwmen. e)/stw dh\ oi(=s a)lhqeu/ei h( yuxh\ tw=| katafa/nai h)\ a)pofa/nai, pe/nte to\n a)riqmo/n: tau=ta d' e)sti\ te/xnh e)pisth/mh fro/nhsis sofi/a nou=s: u(polh/yei ga\r kai\ do/ch| e)nde/xetai diayeu/desqai. e)pisth/mh me\n ou)=n ti/ e)stin, e)nteu=qen fanero/n, ei) dei= a)kribologei=sqai kai\ mh\ a)kolouqei=n tai=s o(moio/thsin. pa/ntes ga\r u(polamba/nomen, o(\ e)pista/meqa, mhd' e)nde/xesqai a)/llws e)/xein: ta\ d' e)ndexo/mena a)/llws, o(/tan e)/cw tou= qewrei=n ge/nhtai, lanqa/nei ei) e)/stin h)\ mh/. e)c a)na/gkhs a)/ra e)sti\ to\ e)pisthto/n. a)i/dion a)/ra: ta\ ga\r e)c a)na/gkhs o)/nta a(plw=s pa/nta a)i/dia, ta\ d' a)i/dia a)ge/nhta kai\ a)/fqarta. e)/ti didakth\ a(/pasa e)pisth/mh dokei= ei)=nai, kai\ to\ e)pisthto\n maqhto/n. e)k proginwskome/nwn de\ pa=sa didaskali/a, w(/sper kai\ e)n toi=s a)nalutikoi=s le/gomen: h(\ me\n ga\r di' e)pagwgh=s, h(\ de\ sullogismw=|. h( me\n dh\ e)pagwgh\ a)rxh/ e)sti kai\ tou= kaqo/lou, o( de\ sullogismo\s e)k tw=n kaqo/lou. ei)si\n a)/ra a)rxai\ e)c w(=n o( sullogismo/s, w(=n ou)k e)/sti sullogismo/s: e)pagwgh\ a)/ra. h( me\n a)/ra e)pisth/mh e)sti\n e(/cis a)podeiktikh/, kai\ o(/sa a)/lla prosdiorizo/meqa e)n toi=s a)nalutikoi=s: o(/tan ga/r pws pisteu/h| kai\ gnw/rimoi au)tw=| w)=sin ai( a)rxai/, e)pi/statai: ei) ga\r mh\ ma=llon tou= sumpera/smatos, kata\ sumbebhko\s e(/cei th\n e)pisth/mhn. peri\ me\n ou)=n e)pisth/mhs diwri/sqw to\n tro/pon tou=ton.
tou= d' e)ndexome/nou a)/llws e)/xein e)/sti ti kai\ poihto\n kai\ prakto/n: e(/teron d' e)sti\ poi/hsis kai\ pra=cis （pisteu/omen de\ peri\ au)tw=n kai\ toi=s e)cwterikoi=s lo/gois）: w(/ste kai\ h( meta\ lo/gou e(/cis praktikh\ e(/tero/n e)sti th=s meta\ lo/gou poihtikh=s e(/cews. dio\ ou)de\ perie/xetai u(p' a)llh/lwn: ou)/te ga\r h( pra=cis poi/hsis ou)/te h( poi/hsis pra=ci/s e)stin. e)pei\ d' h( oi)kodomikh\ te/xnh ti/s e)sti kai\ o(/per e(/cis tis meta\ lo/gou poihtikh/, kai\ ou)demi/a ou)/te te/xnh e)sti\n h(/tis ou) meta\ lo/gou poihtikh\ e(/cis e)sti/n, ou)/te toiau/th h(\ ou) te/xnh, tau)to\n a)\n ei)/h te/xnh kai\ e(/cis meta\ lo/gou a)lhqou=s poihtikh/. e)/sti de\ te/xnh pa=sa peri\ ge/nesin kai\ to\ texna/zein kai\ qewrei=n o(/pws a)\n ge/nhtai/ ti tw=n e)ndexome/nwn kai\ ei)=nai kai\ mh\ ei)=nai, kai\ w(=n h( a)rxh\ e)n tw=| poiou=nti a)lla\ mh\ e)n tw=| poioume/nw|: ou)/te ga\r tw=n e)c a)na/gkhs o)/ntwn h)\ ginome/nwn h( te/xnh e)sti/n, ou)/te tw=n kata\ fu/sin: e)n au(toi=s ga\r e)/xousi tau=ta th\n a)rxh/n. e)pei\ de\ poi/hsis kai\ pra=cis e(/teron, a)na/gkh th\n te/xnhn poih/sews a)ll' ou) pra/cews ei)=nai. kai\ tro/pon tina\ peri\ ta\ au)ta/ e)stin h( tu/xh kai\ h( te/xnh, kaqa/per kai\ *)aga/qwn fhsi\ te/xnh tu/xhn e)/sterce kai\ tu/xh te/xnhn.
h( me\n ou)=n te/xnh, w(/sper ei)/rhtai, e(/cis tis meta\ lo/gou a)lhqou=s poihtikh/ e)stin, h( d' a)texni/a tou)nanti/on meta\ lo/gou yeudou=s poihtikh\ e(/cis, peri\ to\ e)ndexo/menon a)/llws e)/xein.
peri\ de\ fronh/sews ou(/tws a)\n la/boimen, qewrh/santes ti/nas le/gomen tou\s froni/mous. dokei= dh\ froni/mou ei)=nai to\ du/nasqai kalw=s bouleu/sasqai peri\ ta\ au(tw=| a)gaqa\ kai\ sumfe/ronta, ou) kata\ me/ros, oi(=on poi=a pro\s u(gi/eian, pro\s i)sxu/n, a)lla\ poi=a pro\s to\ eu)= zh=n o(/lws. shmei=on d' o(/ti kai\ tou\s peri/ ti froni/mous le/gomen, o(/tan pro\s te/los ti spoudai=on eu)= logi/swntai, w(=n mh/ e)sti te/xnh. w(/ste kai\ o(/lws a)\n ei)/h fro/nimos o( bouleutiko/s. bouleu/etai d' ou)qei\s peri\ tw=n a)duna/twn a)/llws e)/xein, ou)de\ tw=n mh\ e)ndexome/nwn au)tw=| pra=cai. w(/st' ei)/per e)pisth/mh me\n met' a)podei/cews, w(=n d' ai( a)rxai\ e)nde/xontai a)/llws e)/xein, tou/twn mh/ e)stin a)po/deicis （pa/nta ga\r e)nde/xetai kai\ a)/llws e)/xein）,
kai\ ou)k e)/sti bouleu/sasqai peri\ tw=n e)c a)na/gkhs o)/ntwn, ou)k a)\n ei)/h h( fro/nhsis e)pisth/mh ou)de\ te/xnh, e)pisth/mh me\n o(/ti e)nde/xetai to\ prakto\n a)/llws e)/xein, te/xnh d' o(/ti a)/llo to\ ge/nos pra/cews kai\ poih/sews. lei/petai a)/ra au)th\n ei)=nai e(/cin a)lhqh= meta\ lo/gou praktikh\n peri\ ta\ a)nqrw/pw| a)gaqa\ kai\ kaka/. th=s me\n ga\r poih/sews e(/teron to\ te/los, th=s de\ pra/cews ou)k a)\n ei)/h: e)/sti ga\r au)th\ h( eu)praci/a te/los. dia\ tou=to *perikle/a kai\ tou\s toiou/tous froni/mous oi)o/meqa ei)=nai, o(/ti ta\ au(toi=s a)gaqa\ kai\ ta\ toi=s a)nqrw/pois du/nantai qewrei=n: ei)=nai de\ toiou/tous h(gou/meqa tou\s oi)konomikou\s kai\ tou\s politikou/s. e)/nqen kai\ th\n swfrosu/nhn tou/tw| prosagoreu/omen tw=| o)no/mati, w(s sw/|zousan th\n fro/nhsin. sw/|zei de\ th\n toiau/thn u(po/lhyin. ou) ga\r a(/pasan u(po/lhyin diafqei/rei ou)de\ diastre/fei to\ h(du\ kai\ luphro/n, oi(=on o(/ti to\ tri/gwnon du/o o)rqa\s e)/xei h)\ ou)k e)/xei, a)lla\ ta\s peri\ to\ prakto/n. ai( me\n ga\r a)rxai\ tw=n praktw=n to\ ou(= e(/neka ta\ prakta/: tw=| de\ diefqarme/nw| di' h(donh\n h)\ lu/phn eu)qu\s ou) fai/netai a)rxh/, ou)de\ dei=n tou/tou e(/neken ou)de\ dia\ tou=q' ai(rei=sqai pa/nta kai\ pra/ttein: e)/sti ga\r h( kaki/a fqartikh\ a)rxh=s. w(/st' a)na/gkh th\n fro/nhsin e(/cin ei)=nai meta\ lo/gou a)lhqh= peri\ ta\ a)nqrw/pina a)gaqa\ praktikh/n. a)lla\ mh\n te/xnhs me\n e)/stin a)reth/, fronh/sews d' ou)k e)/stin: kai\ e)n me\n te/xnh| o( e(kw\n a(marta/nwn ai(retw/teros, peri\ de\ fro/nhsin h(=tton, w(/sper kai\ peri\ ta\s a)reta/s. dh=lon ou)=n o(/ti a)reth/ tis e)sti\ kai\ ou) te/xnh. duoi=n d' o)/ntoin meroi=n th=s yuxh=s tw=n lo/gon e)xo/ntwn, qate/rou a)\n ei)/h a)reth/, tou= docastikou=: h(/ te ga\r do/ca peri\ to\ e)ndexo/menon a)/llws e)/xein kai\ h( fro/nhsis. a)lla\ mh\n ou)d' e(/cis meta\ lo/gou mo/non: shmei=on d' o(/ti lh/qh me\n th=s toiau/ths e(/cews e)/sti, fronh/sews d' ou)k e)/stin.
e)pei\ d' h( e)pisth/mh peri\ tw=n kaqo/lou e)sti\n u(po/lhyis kai\ tw=n e)c a)na/gkhs o)/ntwn, ei)si\ d' a)rxai\ tw=n a)podeiktw=n kai\ pa/shs e)pisth/mhs （meta\ lo/gou ga\r h( e)pisth/mh）, th=s a)rxh=s tou= e)pisthtou= ou)/t' a)\n e)pisth/mh ei)/h ou)/te te/xnh ou)/te fro/nhsis: to\ me\n ga\r e)pisthto\n a)podeikto/n,
ai(\ de\ tugxa/nousin ou)=sai peri\ ta\ e)ndexo/mena a)/llws e)/xein. >ou)de\ dh\ sofi/a tou/twn e)sti/n: tou= ga\r sofou= peri\ e)ni/wn e)/xein a)po/deici/n e)stin. ei) dh\ oi(=s a)lhqeu/omen kai\ mhde/pote diayeudo/meqa peri\ ta\ mh\ e)ndexo/mena h)\ kai\ e)ndexo/mena a)/llws e)/xein, e)pisth/mh kai\ fro/nhsi/s e)sti kai\ sofi/a kai\ nou=s, tou/twn de\ tw=n triw=n mhde\n e)nde/xetai ei)=nai （le/gw de\ tri/a fro/nhsin e)pisth/mhn sofi/an）, lei/petai nou=n ei)=nai tw=n a)rxw=n.
th\n de\ sofi/an e)/n te tai=s te/xnais toi=s a)kribesta/tois ta\s te/xnas a)podi/domen, oi(=on *feidi/an liqourgo\n sofo\n kai\ *polu/kleiton a)ndriantopoio/n, e)ntau=qa me\n ou)=n ou)qe\n a)/llo shmai/nontes th\n sofi/an h)\ o(/ti a)reth\ te/xnhs e)sti/n: ei)=nai de/ tinas sofou\s oi)o/meqa o(/lws ou) kata\ me/ros ou)d' a)/llo ti sofou/s, w(/sper *(/omhro/s fhsin e)n tw=| *margi/th| to\n d' ou)/t' a)\r skapth=ra qeoi\ qe/san ou)/t' a)roth=raou)/t' a)/llws ti sofo/n.
w(/ste dh=lon o(/ti a)kribesta/th a)\n tw=n e)pisthmw=n ei)/h h( sofi/a. dei= a)/ra to\n sofo\n mh\ mo/non ta\ e)k tw=n a)rxw=n ei)de/nai, a)lla\ kai\ peri\ ta\s a)rxa\s a)lhqeu/ein. w(/st' ei)/h a)\n h( sofi/a nou=s kai\ e)pisth/mh, w(/sper kefalh\n e)/xousa e)pisth/mh tw=n timiwta/twn. a)/topon ga\r ei)/ tis th\n politikh\n h)\ th\n fro/nhsin spoudaiota/thn oi)/etai ei)=nai, ei) mh\ to\ a)/riston tw=n e)n tw=| ko/smw| a)/nqrwpo/s e)stin. ei) dh\ u(gieino\n me\n kai\ a)gaqo\n e(/teron a)nqrw/pois kai\ i)xqu/si, to\ de\ leuko\n kai\ eu)qu\ tau)to\n a)ei/, kai\ to\ sofo\n tau)to\ pa/ntes a)\n ei)/poien, fro/nimon de\ e(/teron: ta\ ga\r peri\ au(to\ e(/kasta to\ eu)= qewrou=n fhsi\n ei)=nai fro/nimon, kai\ tou/tw| e)pitre/yei au)ta/. dio\ kai\ tw=n qhri/wn e)/nia fro/nima/ fasin ei)=nai, o(/sa peri\ to\n au(tw=n bi/on e)/xonta fai/netai du/namin pronohtikh/n. fanero\n de\ kai\ o(/ti ou)k a)\n ei)/h h( sofi/a kai\ h( politikh\ h( au)th/: ei) ga\r th\n peri\ ta\ w)fe/lima ta\ au(toi=s e)rou=si sofi/an, pollai\ e)/sontai sofi/ai: ou) ga\r mi/a peri\ to\ a(pa/ntwn a)gaqo\n tw=n zw/|wn, a)ll' e(te/ra peri\ e(/kaston, ei) mh\ kai\ i)atrikh\ mi/a peri\ pa/ntwn tw=n o)/ntwn. ei) d' o(/ti be/ltiston a)/nqrwpos tw=n a)/llwn zw/|wn, ou)de\n diafe/rei: kai\ ga\r a)nqrw/pou a)/lla polu\ qeio/tera th\n fu/sin,
oi(=on fanerw/tata/ ge e)c w(=n o( ko/smos sune/sthken. e)k dh\ tw=n ei)rhme/nwn dh=lon o(/ti h( sofi/a e)sti\ kai\ e)pisth/mh kai\ nou=s tw=n timiwta/twn th=| fu/sei. dio\ *)anacago/ran kai\ *qalh=n kai\ tou\s toiou/tous sofou\s me\n froni/mous d' ou)/ fasin ei)=nai, o(/tan i)/dwsin a)gnoou=ntas ta\ sumfe/ronta e(autoi=s, kai\ peritta\ me\n kai\ qaumasta\ kai\ xalepa\ kai\ daimo/nia ei)de/nai au)tou/s fasin, a)/xrhsta d', o(/ti ou) ta\ a)nqrw/pina a)gaqa\ zhtou=sin. h( de\ fro/nhsis peri\ ta\ a)nqrw/pina kai\ peri\ w(=n e)/sti bouleu/sasqai: tou= ga\r froni/mou ma/lista tou=t' e)/rgon ei)=nai/ famen, to\ eu)= bouleu/esqai, bouleu/etai d' ou)dei\s peri\ tw=n a)duna/twn a)/llws e)/xein, ou)d' o(/swn mh\ te/los ti e)/sti, kai\ tou=to prakto\n a)gaqo/n. o( d' a(plw=s eu)/boulos o( tou= a)ri/stou a)nqrw/pw| tw=n praktw=n stoxastiko\s kata\ to\n logismo/n. ou)d' e)sti\n h( fro/nhsis tw=n kaqo/lou mo/non, a)lla\ dei= kai\ ta\ kaq' e(/kasta gnwri/zein: praktikh\ ga/r, h( de\ pra=cis peri\ ta\ kaq' e(/kasta. dio\ kai\ e)/nioi ou)k ei)do/tes e(te/rwn ei)do/twn praktikw/teroi, kai\ e)n toi=s a)/llois oi( e)/mpeiroi: ei) ga\r ei)dei/h o(/ti ta\ kou=fa eu)/pepta kre/a kai\ u(gieina/, poi=a de\ kou=fa a)gnooi=, ou) poih/sei u(gi/eian, a)ll' o( ei)dw\s o(/ti ta\ o)rni/qeia kou=fa kai\ u(gieina\ poih/sei ma=llon. h( de\ fro/nhsis praktikh/: w(/ste dei= a)/mfw e)/xein, h)\ tau/thn ma=llon. ei)/h d' a)/n tis kai\ e)ntau=qa a)rxitektonikh/. e)/sti de\ kai\ h( politikh\ kai\ h( fro/nhsis h( au)th\ me\n e(/cis, to\ me/ntoi ei)=nai ou) tau)to\n au)tai=s. th=s de\ peri\ po/lin h(\ me\n w(s a)rxitektonikh\ fro/nhsis nomoqetikh/, h(\ de\ w(s ta\ kaq' e(/kasta to\ koino\n e)/xei o)/noma, politikh/: au(/th de\ praktikh\ kai\ bouleutikh/: to\ ga\r yh/fisma prakto\n w(s to\ e)/sxaton. dio\ politeu/esqai tou/tous mo/non le/gousin: mo/noi ga\r pra/ttousin ou(=toi w(/sper oi( xeirote/xnai. dokei= de\ kai\ fro/nhsis ma/list' ei)=nai h( peri\ au)to\n kai\ e(/na: kai\ e)/xei au(/th to\ koino\n o)/noma, fro/nhsis: e)kei/nwn de\ h(\ me\n oi)konomi/a h(\ de\ nomoqesi/a h(\ de\ politikh/, kai\ tau/ths h(\ me\n bouleutikh\ h(\ de\ dikastikh/. ei)=dos me\n ou)=n ti a)\n ei)/h gnw/sews to\ au(tw=| ei)de/nai: a)ll' e)/xei diafora\n pollh/n:
kai\ dokei= o( ta\ peri\ au(to\n ei)dw\s kai\ diatri/bwn fro/nimos ei)=nai, oi( de\ politikoi\ polupra/gmones: dio\ *eu)ripi/dhs pw=s d' a)\n fronoi/hn, w(=| parh=n a)pragmo/nwse)n toi=si polloi=s h)riqmhme/non stratou=i)/son metasxei=n;tou\s ga\r perissou\s kai/ ti pra/ssontas ple/on
Eur. fr. 785-6 （Dindorf） zhtou=si ga\r to\ au(toi=s a)gaqo/n, kai\ oi)/ontai tou=to dei=n pra/ttein. e)k tau/ths ou)=n th=s do/chs e)lh/luqe to\ tou/tous froni/mous ei)=nai: kai/toi i)/sws ou)k e)/sti to\ au(tou= eu)= a)/neu oi)konomi/as ou)d' a)/neu politei/as. e)/ti de\ ta\ au(tou= pw=s dei= dioikei=n, a)/dhlon kai\ skepte/on. shmei=on d' e)sti\ tou= ei)rhme/nou kai\ dio/ti gewmetrikoi\ me\n ne/oi kai\ maqhmatikoi\ gi/nontai kai\ sofoi\ ta\ toiau=ta, fro/nimos d' ou) dokei= gi/nesqai. ai)/tion d' o(/ti kai\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta/ e)stin h( fro/nhsis, a(\ gi/netai gnw/rima e)c e)mpeiri/as, ne/os d' e)/mpeiros ou)k e)/stin: plh=qos ga\r xro/nou poiei= th\n e)mpeiri/an: e)pei\ kai\ tou=t' a)/n tis ske/yaito, dia\ ti/ dh\ maqhmatiko\s me\n pai=s ge/noit' a)/n, sofo\s d' h)\ fusiko\s ou)/. h)\ o(/ti ta\ me\n di' a)faire/sew/s e)stin, tw=n d' ai( a)rxai\ e)c e)mpeiri/as: kai\ ta\ me\n ou) pisteu/ousin oi( ne/oi a)lla\ le/gousin, tw=n de\ to\ ti/ e)stin ou)k a)/dhlon; e)/ti h( a(marti/a h)\ peri\ to\ kaqo/lou e)n tw=| bouleu/sasqai h)\ peri\ to\ kaq' e(/kaston: h)\ ga\r o(/ti pa/nta ta\ baru/staqma u(/data fau=la, h)\ o(/ti todi\ baru/staqmon. o(/ti d' h( fro/nhsis ou)k e)pisth/mh, fanero/n: tou= ga\r e)sxa/tou e)sti/n, w(/sper ei)/rhtai: to\ ga\r prakto\n toiou=ton. a)nti/keitai me\n dh\ tw=| nw=|: o( me\n ga\r nou=s tw=n o(/rwn, w(=n ou)k e)/sti lo/gos, h(\ de\ tou= e)sxa/tou, ou(= ou)k e)/stin e)pisth/mh a)ll' ai)/sqhsis, ou)x h( tw=n i)di/wn, a)ll' oi(/a| ai)sqano/meqa o(/ti to\ e)n toi=s maqhmatikoi=s e)/sxaton tri/gwnon: sth/setai ga\r ka)kei=. a)ll' au(/th ma=llon ai)/sqhsis h)\ fro/nhsis, e)kei/nhs d' a)/llo ei)=dos.
to\ zhtei=n de\ kai\ to\ bouleu/esqai diafe/rei: to\ ga\r bouleu/esqai zhtei=n ti e)sti/n. dei= de\ labei=n kai\ peri\ eu)bouli/as ti/ e)sti, po/teron e)pisth/mh tis h)\ do/ca h)\ eu)stoxi/a h)\ a)/llo ti ge/nos. e)pisth/mh me\n dh\ ou)k e)/stin: ou) ga\r zhtou=si peri\ w(=n i)/sasin,
h( d' eu)bouli/a boulh/ tis, o( de\ bouleuo/menos zhtei= kai\ logi/zetai. a)lla\ mh\n ou)d' eu)stoxi/a: a)/neu te ga\r lo/gou kai\ taxu/ ti h( eu)stoxi/a, bouleu/ontai de\ polu\n xro/non, kai\ fasi\ pra/ttein me\n dei=n taxu\ ta\ bouleuqe/nta, bouleu/esqai de\ brade/ws. e)/ti h( a)gxi/noia e(/teron kai\ h( eu)bouli/a: e)/sti d' eu)stoxi/a tis h( a)gxi/noia. ou)de\ dh\ do/ca h( eu)bouli/a ou)demi/a. a)ll' e)pei\ o( me\n kakw=s bouleuo/menos a(marta/nei, o( d' eu)= o)rqw=s bouleu/etai, dh=lon o(/ti o)rqo/ths tis h( eu)bouli/a e)sti/n, ou)/t' e)pisth/mhs de\ ou)/te do/chs: e)pisth/mhs me\n ga\r ou)k e)/stin o)rqo/ths （ou)de\ ga\r a(marti/a）, do/chs d' o)rqo/ths a)lh/qeia: a(/ma de\ kai\ w(/ristai h)/dh pa=n ou(= do/ca e)sti/n. a)lla\ mh\n ou)d' a)/neu lo/gou h( eu)bouli/a. dianoi/as a)/ra lei/petai: au(/th ga\r ou)/pw fa/sis: kai\ ga\r h( do/ca ou) zh/thsis a)lla\ fa/sis tis h)/dh, o( de\ bouleuo/menos, e)a/n te eu)= e)a/n te kai\ kakw=s bouleu/htai, zhtei= ti kai\ logi/zetai. a)ll' o)rqo/ths ti/s e)stin h( eu)bouli/a boulh=s: dio\ h( boulh\ zhthte/a prw=ton ti/ kai\ peri\ ti/. e)pei\ d' h( o)rqo/ths pleonaxw=s, dh=lon o(/ti ou) pa=sa: o( ga\r a)krath\s kai\ o( fau=los o(\ proti/qetai †i)dei=n† e)k tou= logismou= teu/cetai, w(/ste o)rqw=s e)/stai bebouleume/nos, kako\n de\ me/ga ei)lhfw/s. dokei= d' a)gaqo/n ti to\ eu)= bebouleu=sqai: h( ga\r toiau/th o)rqo/ths boulh=s eu)bouli/a, h( a)gaqou= teuktikh/. a)ll' e)/sti kai\ tou/tou yeudei= sullogismw=| tuxei=n, kai\ o(\ me\n dei= poih=sai tuxei=n, di' ou(= d' ou)/, a)lla\ yeudh= to\n me/son o(/ron ei)=nai: w(/st' ou)d' au(/th pw eu)bouli/a, kaq' h(\n ou(= dei= me\n tugxa/nei, ou) me/ntoi di' ou(= e)/dei. e)/ti e)/sti polu\n xro/non bouleuo/menon tuxei=n, to\n de\ taxu/. ou)kou=n ou)d' e)kei/nh pw eu)bouli/a, a)ll' o)rqo/ths h( kata\ to\ w)fe/limon, kai\ ou(= dei= kai\ w(\s kai\ o(/te. e)/ti e)/sti kai\ a(plw=s eu)= bebouleu=sqai kai\ pro/s ti te/los. h(\ me\n dh\ a(plw=s h( pro\s to\ te/los to\ a(plw=s katorqou=sa, ti\s de\ h( pro/s ti te/los. ei) dh\ tw=n froni/mwn to\ eu)= bebouleu=sqai, h( eu)bouli/a ei)/h a)\n o)rqo/ths h( kata\ to\ sumfe/ron pro\s to\ te/los, ou(= h( fro/nhsis a)lhqh\s u(po/lhyi/s e)stin.
e)/sti de\ kai\ h( su/nesis kai\ h( eu)sunesi/a,
kaq' a(\s le/gomen sunetou\s kai\ eu)sune/tous, ou)/q' o(/lws to\ au)to\ e)pisth/mh| h)\ do/ch| （pa/ntes ga\r a)\n h)=san sunetoi/） ou)/te tis mi/a tw=n kata\ me/ros e)pisthmw=n, oi(=on h( i)atrikh\ peri\ u(gieinw=n, h( gewmetri/a peri\ mege/qh: ou)/te ga\r peri\ tw=n a)ei\ o)/ntwn kai\ a)kinh/twn h( su/nesi/s e)stin ou)/te peri\ tw=n gignome/nwn o(touou=n, a)lla\ peri\ w(=n a)porh/seien a)/n tis kai\ bouleu/saito. dio\ peri\ ta\ au)ta\ me\n th=| fronh/sei e)sti/n, ou)k e)/sti de\ to\ au)to\ su/nesis kai\ fro/nhsis. h( me\n ga\r fro/nhsis e)pitaktikh/ e)stin: ti/ ga\r dei= pra/ttein h)\ mh/, to\ te/los au)th=s e)sti/n: h( de\ su/nesis kritikh\ mo/non. tau)to\ ga\r su/nesis kai\ eu)sunesi/a kai\ sunetoi\ kai\ eu)su/netoi. e)/sti d' ou)/te to\ e)/xein th\n fro/nhsin ou)/te to\ lamba/nein h( su/nesis: a)ll' w(/sper to\ manqa/nein le/getai sunie/nai, o(/tan xrh=tai th=| e)pisth/mh|, ou(/tws e)n tw=| xrh=sqai th=| do/ch| e)pi\ to\ kri/nein peri\ tou/twn peri\ w(=n h( fro/nhsi/s e)stin, a)/llou le/gontos, kai\ kri/nein kalw=s: to\ ga\r eu)= tw=| kalw=s to\ au)to/. kai\ e)nteu=qen e)lh/luqe tou)/noma h( su/nesis, kaq' h(\n eu)su/netoi, e)k th=s e)n tw=| manqa/nein: le/gomen ga\r to\ manqa/nein sunie/nai polla/kis.
h( de\ kaloume/nh gnw/mh, kaq' h(\n suggnw/monas kai\ e)/xein fame\n gnw/mhn, h( tou= e)pieikou=s e)sti\ kri/sis o)rqh/. shmei=on de/: to\n ga\r e)pieikh= ma/lista/ famen ei)=nai suggnwmoniko/n, kai\ e)pieike\s to\ e)/xein peri\ e)/nia suggnw/mhn. h( de\ suggnw/mh gnw/mh e)sti\ kritikh\ tou= e)pieikou=s o)rqh/: o)rqh\ d' h( tou= a)lhqou=s.
ei)si\ de\ pa=sai ai( e(/ceis eu)lo/gws ei)s tau)to\ tei/nousai: le/gomen ga\r gnw/mhn kai\ su/nesin kai\ fro/nhsin kai\ nou=n e)pi\ tou\s au)tou\s e)pife/rontes gnw/mhn e)/xein kai\ nou=n h)/dh kai\ froni/mous kai\ sunetou/s. pa=sai ga\r ai( duna/meis au(=tai tw=n e)sxa/twn ei)si\ kai\ tw=n kaq' e(/kaston: kai\ e)n me\n tw=| kritiko\s ei)=nai peri\ w(=n o( fro/nimos, suneto\s kai\ eu)gnw/mwn h)\ suggnw/mwn: ta\ ga\r e)pieikh= koina\ tw=n a)gaqw=n a(pa/ntwn e)sti\n e)n tw=| pro\s a)/llon. e)/sti de\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta kai\ tw=n e)sxa/twn a(/panta ta\ prakta/: kai\ ga\r to\n fro/nimon dei= ginw/skein au)ta/, kai\ h( su/nesis kai\ h( gnw/mh peri\ ta\ prakta/, tau=ta d' e)/sxata. kai\ o( nou=s tw=n e)sxa/twn e)p' a)mfo/tera: kai\ ga\r tw=n prw/twn o(/rwn kai\ tw=n e)sxa/twn
nou=s e)sti\ kai\ ou) lo/gos, kai\ o( me\n kata\ ta\s a)podei/ceis tw=n a)kinh/twn o(/rwn kai\ prw/twn, o( d' e)n tai=s praktikai=s tou= e)sxa/tou kai\ e)ndexome/nou kai\ th=s e(te/ras prota/sews: a)rxai\ ga\r tou= ou(= e(/neka au(=tai: e)k tw=n kaq' e(/kasta ga\r ta\ kaqo/lou: tou/twn ou)=n e)/xein dei= ai)/sqhsin, au(/th d' e)sti\ nou=s. dio\ kai\ fusika\ dokei= ei)=nai tau=ta, kai\ fu/sei sofo\s me\n ou)dei/s, gnw/mhn d' e)/xein kai\ su/nesin kai\ nou=n. shmei=on d' o(/ti kai\ tai=s h(liki/ais oi)o/meqa a)kolouqei=n, kai\ h(/de h( h(liki/a nou=n e)/xei kai\ gnw/mhn, w(s th=s fu/sews ai)ti/as ou)/shs. dio\ kai\ a)rxh\ kai\ te/los nou=s: e)k tou/twn ga\r ai( a)podei/ceis kai\ peri\ tou/twn. w(/ste dei= prose/xein tw=n e)mpei/rwn kai\ presbute/rwn h)\ froni/mwn tai=s a)napodei/ktois fa/sesi kai\ do/cais ou)x h(=tton tw=n a)podei/cewn: dia\ ga\r to\ e)/xein e)k th=s e)mpeiri/as o)/mma o(rw=sin o)rqw=s. ti/ me\n ou)=n e)sti\n h( fro/nhsis kai\ h( sofi/a, kai\ peri\ ti/ e(kate/ra tugxa/nei ou)=sa, kai\ o(/ti a)/llou th=s yuxh=s mori/ou a)reth\ e(kate/ra, ei)/rhtai.
diaporh/seie d' a)/n tis peri\ au)tw=n ti/ xrh/simoi/ ei)sin. h( me\n ga\r sofi/a ou)de\n qewrh/sei e)c w(=n e)/stai eu)dai/mwn a)/nqrwpos （ou)demia=s ga/r e)sti gene/sews）, h( de\ fro/nhsis tou=to me\n e)/xei, a)lla\ ti/nos e(/neka dei= au)th=s; ei)/per h( me\n fro/nhsi/s e)stin h( peri\ ta\ di/kaia kai\ kala\ kai\ a)gaqa\ a)nqrw/pw|, tau=ta d' e)sti\n a(\ tou= a)gaqou= e)sti\n a)ndro\s pra/ttein, ou)de\n de\ praktikw/teroi tw=| ei)de/nai au)ta/ e)smen, ei)/per e(/ceis ai( a)retai/ ei)sin, w(/sper ou)de\ ta\ u(gieina\ ou)de\ ta\ eu)ektika/, o(/sa mh\ tw=| poiei=n a)lla\ tw=| a)po\ th=s e(/cews ei)=nai le/getai: ou)qe\n ga\r praktikw/teroi tw=| e)/xein th\n i)atrikh\n kai\ gumnastikh/n e)smen. ei) de\ mh\ tou/twn xa/rin fro/nimon r(hte/on a)lla\ tou= gi/nesqai, toi=s ou)=si spoudai/ois ou)qe\n a)\n ei)/h xrh/simos: e)/ti d' ou)de\ toi=s mh\ e)/xousin: ou)de\n ga\r dioi/sei au)tou\s e)/xein h)\ a)/llois e)/xousi pei/qesqai, i(kanw=s t' e)/xoi a)\n h(mi=n w(/sper kai\ peri\ th\n u(gi/eian: boulo/menoi ga\r u(giai/nein o(/mws ou) manqa/nomen i)atrikh/n. pro\s de\ tou/tois a)/topon a)\n ei)=nai do/ceien, ei) xei/rwn th=s sofi/as ou)=sa kuriwte/ra au)th=s e)/stai: h( ga\r poiou=sa a)/rxei kai\ e)pita/ttei peri\ e(/kaston. peri\ dh\ tou/twn lekte/on: nu=n me\n ga\r h)po/rhtai peri\ au)tw=n mo/non.
prw=ton me\n ou)=n le/gwmen o(/ti kaq' au(ta\s a)nagkai=on ai(reta\s au)ta\s ei)=nai, a)reta/s g' ou)/sas e(kate/ran e(kate/rou tou= mori/ou, kai\ ei) mh\ poiou=si mhde\n mhdete/ra au)tw=n. e)/peita kai\ poiou=si me/n, ou)x w(s h( i)atrikh\ de\ u(gi/eian, a)ll' w(s h( u(gi/eia, ou(/tws h( sofi/a eu)daimoni/an: me/ros ga\r ou)=sa th=s o(/lhs a)reth=s tw=| e)/xesqai poiei= kai\ †tw=| e)nergei=n eu)dai/mona.† e)/ti to\ e)/rgon a)potelei=tai kata\ th\n fro/nhsin kai\ th\n h)qikh\n a)reth/n: h( me\n ga\r a)reth\ to\n skopo\n poiei= o)rqo/n, h( de\ fro/nhsis ta\ pro\s tou=ton. tou= de\ teta/rtou mori/ou th=s yuxh=s ou)k e)/stin a)reth\ toiau/th, tou= qreptikou=: ou)de\n ga\r e)p' au)tw=| pra/ttein h)\ mh\ pra/ttein. peri\ de\ tou= mhqe\n ei)=nai praktikwte/rous dia\ th\n fro/nhsin tw=n kalw=n kai\ dikai/wn, mikro\n a)/nwqen a)rkte/on, labo/ntas a)rxh\n tau/thn. w(/sper ga\r kai\ ta\ di/kaia le/gomen pra/ttonta/s tinas ou)/pw dikai/ous ei)=nai, oi(=on tou\s ta\ u(po\ tw=n no/mwn tetagme/na poiou=ntas h)\ a)/kontas h)\ di' a)/gnoian h)\ di' e(/tero/n ti kai\ mh\ di' au)ta/ （kai/toi pra/ttousi/ ge a(\ dei= kai\ o(/sa xrh\ to\n spoudai=on）, ou(/tws, w(s e)/oiken, e)/sti to\ pw=s e)/xonta pra/ttein e(/kasta w(/st' ei)=nai a)gaqo/n, le/gw d' oi(=on dia\ proai/resin kai\ au)tw=n e(/neka tw=n prattome/nwn. th\n me\n ou)=n proai/resin o)rqh\n poiei= h( a)reth/, to\ d' o(/sa e)kei/nhs e(/neka pe/fuke pra/ttesqai ou)k e)/sti th=s a)reth=s a)ll' e(te/ras duna/mews. lekte/on d' e)pisth/sasi safe/steron peri\ au)tw=n. e)/sti dh\ du/namis h(\n kalou=si deino/thta: au(/th d' e)sti\ toiau/th w(/ste ta\ pro\s to\n u(poteqe/nta skopo\n suntei/nonta du/nasqai tau=ta pra/ttein kai\ tugxa/nein au)tou=. a)\n me\n ou)=n o( skopo\s h)=| kalo/s, e)paineth/ e)stin, e)a\n de\ fau=los, panourgi/a: dio\ kai\ tou\s froni/mous deinou\s kai\ panou/rgous fame\n ei)=nai. e)/sti d' h( fro/nhsis ou)x h( du/namis, a)ll' ou)k a)/neu th=s duna/mews tau/ths. h( d' e(/cis tw=| o)/mmati tou/tw| gi/netai th=s yuxh=s ou)k a)/neu a)reth=s, w(s ei)/rhtai/ te kai\ e)/sti dh=lon: oi( ga\r sullogismoi\ tw=n praktw=n a)rxh\n e)/xonte/s ei)sin, e)peidh\ toio/nde to\ te/los kai\ to\ a)/riston, o(tidh/pote o)/n （e)/stw ga\r lo/gou xa/rin to\ tuxo/n）: tou=to d' ei) mh\ tw=| a)gaqw=|, ou) fai/netai: diastre/fei ga\r h( moxqhri/a kai\ diayeu/desqai poiei= peri\ ta\s praktika\s a)rxa/s. w(/ste fanero\n o(/ti a)du/naton fro/nimon ei)=nai mh\ o)/nta a)gaqo/n.
skepte/on dh\ pa/lin kai\ peri\ a)reth=s: kai\ ga\r h( a)reth\ paraplhsi/ws e)/xei w(s h( fro/nhsis pro\s th\n deino/thta —ou) tau)to\ me/n, o(/moion de/—ou(/tw kai\ h( fusikh\ a)reth\ pro\s th\n kuri/an. pa=si ga\r dokei= e(/kasta tw=n h)qw=n u(pa/rxein fu/sei pws: kai\ ga\r di/kaioi kai\ swfronikoi\ kai\ a)ndrei=oi kai\ ta)=lla e)/xomen eu)qu\s e)k geneth=s: a)ll' o(/mws zhtou=men e(/tero/n ti to\ kuri/ws a)gaqo\n kai\ ta\ toiau=ta a)/llon tro/pon u(pa/rxein. kai\ ga\r paisi\ kai\ qhri/ois ai( fusikai\ u(pa/rxousin e(/ceis, a)ll' a)/neu nou= blaberai\ fai/nontai ou)=sai. plh\n tosou=ton e)/oiken o(ra=sqai, o(/ti w(/sper sw/mati i)sxurw=| a)/neu o)/yews kinoume/nw| sumbai/nei sfa/llesqai i)sxurw=s dia\ to\ mh\ e)/xein o)/yin, ou(/tw kai\ e)ntau=qa: e)a\n de\ la/bh| nou=n, e)n tw=| pra/ttein diafe/rei: h( d' e(/cis o(moi/a ou)=sa to/t' e)/stai kuri/ws a)reth/. w(/ste kaqa/per e)pi\ tou= docastikou= du/o e)sti\n ei)/dh, deino/ths kai\ fro/nhsis, ou(/tw kai\ e)pi\ tou= h)qikou= du/o e)sti/, to\ me\n a)reth\ fusikh\ to\ d' h( kuri/a, kai\ tou/twn h( kuri/a ou) gi/netai a)/neu fronh/sews. dio/per tine/s fasi pa/sas ta\s a)reta\s fronh/seis ei)=nai, kai\ *swkra/ths th=| me\n o)rqw=s e)zh/tei th=| d' h(ma/rtanen: o(/ti me\n ga\r fronh/seis w)/|eto ei)=nai pa/sas ta\s a)reta/s, h(ma/rtanen, o(/ti d' ou)k a)/neu fronh/sews, kalw=s e)/legen. shmei=on de/: kai\ ga\r nu=n pa/ntes, o(/tan o(ri/zwntai th\n a)reth/n, prostiqe/asi, th\n e(/cin ei)po/ntes kai\ pro\s a(/ e)sti, th\n kata\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon: o)rqo\s d' o( kata\ th\n fro/nhsin. e)oi/kasi dh\ manteu/esqai/ pws a(/pantes o(/ti h( toiau/th e(/cis a)reth/ e)stin, h( kata\ th\n fro/nhsin. dei= de\ mikro\n metabh=nai. e)/sti ga\r ou) mo/non h( kata\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon, a)ll' h( meta\ tou= o)rqou= lo/gou e(/cis a)reth/ e)stin: o)rqo\s de\ lo/gos peri\ tw=n toiou/twn h( fro/nhsi/s e)stin. *swkra/ths me\n ou)=n lo/gous ta\s a)reta\s w)/|eto ei)=nai （e)pisth/mas ga\r ei)=nai pa/sas）, h(mei=s de\ meta\ lo/gou. dh=lon ou)=n e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn o(/ti ou)x oi(=o/n te a)gaqo\n ei)=nai kuri/ws a)/neu fronh/sews, ou)de\ fro/nimon a)/neu th=s h)qikh=s a)reth=s. a)lla\ kai\ o( lo/gos tau/th| lu/oit' a)/n, w(=| dialexqei/h tis a)\n o(/ti xwri/zontai a)llh/lwn ai( a)retai/: ou) ga\r o( au)to\s eu)fue/statos pro\s a(pa/sas, w(/ste th\n me\n h)/dh th\n d' ou)/pw ei)lhfw\s e)/stai: tou=to ga\r kata\ me\n ta\s fusika\s a)reta\s e)nde/xetai,
kaq' a(\s de\ a(plw=s le/getai a)gaqo/s, ou)k e)nde/xetai: a(/ma ga\r th=| fronh/sei mia=| u(parxou/sh| pa=sai u(pa/rcousin. dh=lon de/, ka)\n ei) mh\ praktikh\ h)=n, o(/ti e)/dei a)\n au)th=s dia\ to\ tou= mori/ou a)reth\n ei)=nai, kai\ o(/ti ou)k e)/stai h( proai/resis o)rqh\ a)/neu fronh/sews ou)d' a)/neu a)reth=s: h(\ me\n ga\r to\ te/los h(\ de\ ta\ pro\s to\ te/los poiei= pra/ttein. a)lla\ mh\n ou)de\ kuri/a g' e)sti\ th=s sofi/as ou)de\ tou= belti/onos mori/ou, w(/sper ou)de\ th=s u(giei/as h( i)atrikh/: ou) ga\r xrh=tai au)th=|, a)ll' o(ra=| o(/pws ge/nhtai: e)kei/nhs ou)=n e(/neka e)pita/ttei, a)ll' ou)k e)kei/nh|. e)/ti o(/moion ka)\n ei)/ tis th\n politikh\n fai/h a)/rxein tw=n qew=n, o(/ti e)pita/ttei peri\ pa/nta ta\ e)n th=| po/lei.
Book 7
meta\ de\ tau=ta lekte/on, a)/llhn poihsame/nous a)rxh/n, o(/ti tw=n peri\ ta\ h)/qh feuktw=n tri/a e)sti\n ei)/dh, kaki/a a)krasi/a qhrio/ths. ta\ d' e)nanti/a toi=s me\n dusi\ dh=la: to\ me\n ga\r a)reth\n to\ d' e)gkra/teian kalou=men: pro\s de\ th\n qhrio/thta ma/list' a)\n a(rmo/ttoi le/gein th\n u(pe\r h(ma=s a)reth/n, h(rwikh/n tina kai\ qei/an, w(/sper *(/omhros peri\ tou= *(/ektoros pepoi/hke le/gonta to\n *pri/amon o(/ti sfo/dra h)=n a)gaqo/s, ou)de\ e)w/|keia)ndro/s ge qnhtou= pa/is e)/mmenai a)lla\ qeoi=o.
Hom. Il. 24.258 w(/st' ei), kaqa/per fasi/n, e)c a)nqrw/pwn gi/nontai qeoi\ di' a)reth=s u(perbolh/n, toiau/th tis a)\n ei)/h dh=lon o(/ti h( th=| qhriw/dei a)ntitiqeme/nh e(/cis: kai\ ga\r w(/sper ou)de\ qhri/ou e)sti\ kaki/a ou)d' a)reth/, ou(/tws ou)de\ qeou=, a)ll' h(\ me\n timiw/teron a)reth=s, h(\ d' e(/tero/n ti ge/nos kaki/as. e)pei\ de\ spa/nion kai\ to\ qei=on a)/ndra ei)=nai, kaqa/per oi( *la/kwnes ei)w/qasi prosagoreu/ein, oi(\ o(/tan a)gasqw=si sfo/dra tou, sei=os a)nh/r fasin, ou(/tw kai\ o( qhriw/dhs e)n toi=s a)nqrw/pois spa/nios: ma/lista d' e)n toi=s barba/rois e)sti/n, gi/netai d' e)/nia kai\ dia\ no/sous kai\ phrw/seis: kai\ tou\s dia\ kaki/an de\ tw=n a)nqrw/pwn u(perba/llontas ou(/tws e)pidusfhmou=men. a)lla\ peri\ me\n th=s diaqe/sews th=s toiau/ths u(/steron poihte/on tina\ mnei/an, peri\ de\ kaki/as ei)/rhtai pro/teron: peri\ de\ a)krasi/as kai\ malaki/as kai\ trufh=s lekte/on, kai\ peri\ e)gkratei/as kai\ karteri/as:
ou)/te ga\r w(s peri\ tw=n au)tw=n e(/cewn th=| a)reth=| kai\ th=| moxqhri/a| e(kate/ran au)tw=n u(polhpte/on, ou)/q' w(s e(/teron ge/nos. dei= d', w(/sper e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn, tiqe/ntas ta\ faino/mena kai\ prw=ton diaporh/santas ou(/tw deiknu/nai ma/lista me\n pa/nta ta\ e)/ndoca peri\ tau=ta ta\ pa/qh, ei) de\ mh/, ta\ plei=sta kai\ kuriw/tata: e)a\n ga\r lu/htai/ te ta\ dusxerh= kai\ katalei/phtai ta\ e)/ndoca, dedeigme/non a)\n ei)/h i(kanw=s.
dokei= dh\ h(/ te e)gkra/teia kai\ karteri/a tw=n spoudai/wn kai\ tw=n e)painetw=n ei)=nai, h( d' a)krasi/a te kai\ malaki/a tw=n fau/lwn kai\ yektw=n, kai\ o( au)to\s e)gkrath\s kai\ e)mmenetiko\s tw=| logismw=|, kai\ a)krath\s kai\ e)kstatiko\s tou= logismou=. kai\ o( me\n a)krath\s ei)dw\s o(/ti fau=la pra/ttei dia\ pa/qos, o( d' e)gkrath\s ei)dw\s o(/ti fau=lai ai( e)piqumi/ai ou)k a)kolouqei= dia\ to\n lo/gon. kai\ to\n sw/frona me\n e)gkrath= kai\ karteriko/n, to\n de\ toiou=ton oi(\ me\n pa/nta sw/frona oi(\ d' ou)/, kai\ to\n a)ko/laston a)krath= kai\ to\n a)krath= a)ko/laston sugkexume/nws, oi(\ d' e(te/rous ei)=nai/ fasin. to\n de\ fro/nimon o(te\ me\n ou)/ fasin e)nde/xesqai ei)=nai a)krath=, o(te\ d' e)ni/ous froni/mous o)/ntas kai\ deinou\s a)kratei=s ei)=nai. e)/ti a)kratei=s le/gontai kai\ qumou= kai\ timh=s kai\ ke/rdous. ta\ me\n ou)=n lego/mena tau=t' e)sti/n.
a)porh/seie d' a)/n tis pw=s u(polamba/nwn o)rqw=s a)krateu/etai/ tis. e)pista/menon me\n ou)=n ou)/ fasi/ tines oi(=o/n te ei)=nai: deino\n ga\r e)pisth/mhs e)nou/shs, w(s w)/|eto *swkra/ths, a)/llo ti kratei=n kai\ perie/lkein au)th\n w(/sper a)ndra/podon. *swkra/ths me\n ga\r o(/lws e)ma/xeto pro\s to\n lo/gon w(s ou)k ou)/shs a)krasi/as: ou)qe/na ga\r u(polamba/nonta pra/ttein para\ to\ be/ltiston, a)lla\ di' a)/gnoian. ou(=tos me\n ou)=n o( lo/gos a)mfisbhtei= toi=s fainome/nois e)nargw=s, kai\ de/on zhtei=n peri\ to\ pa/qos, ei) di' a)/gnoian, ti/s o( tro/pos gi/netai th=s a)gnoi/as. o(/ti ga\r ou)k oi)/etai/ ge o( a)krateuo/menos pri\n e)n tw=| pa/qei gene/sqai, fanero/n. ei)si\ de/ tines oi(\ ta\ me\n sugxwrou=si ta\ d' ou)/: to\ me\n ga\r e)pisth/mhs mhqe\n ei)=nai krei=tton o(mologou=sin, to\ de\ mhqe/na pra/ttein para\ to\ do/can be/ltion ou)x o(mologou=sin, kai\ dia\ tou=to to\n a)krath= fasi\n ou)k e)pisth/mhn e)/xonta kratei=sqai u(po\ tw=n h(donw=n a)lla\ do/can. a)lla\ mh\n ei)/ge do/ca kai\ mh\ e)pisth/mh, mhd' i)sxura\ u(po/lhyis
h( a)ntitei/nousa a)ll' h)remai/a, kaqa/per e)n toi=s dista/zousi, suggnw/mh tw=| mh\ me/nein e)n au)tai=s pro\s e)piqumi/as i)sxura/s: th=| de\ moxqhri/a| ou) suggnw/mh, ou)de\ tw=n a)/llwn ou)deni\ tw=n yektw=n. fronh/sews a)/ra a)ntiteinou/shs; au(/th ga\r i)sxuro/taton. a)ll' a)/topon: e)/stai ga\r o( au)to\s a(/ma fro/nimos kai\ a)krath/s, fh/seie d' ou)d' a)\n ei(=s froni/mou ei)=nai to\ pra/ttein e(ko/nta ta\ faulo/tata. pro\s de\ tou/tois de/deiktai pro/teron o(/ti praktiko/s ge o( fro/nimos （tw=n ga\r e)sxa/twn tis） kai\ ta\s a)/llas e)/xwn a)reta/s. e)/ti ei) me\n e)n tw=| e)piqumi/as e)/xein i)sxura\s kai\ fau/las o( e)gkrath/s, ou)k e)/stai o( sw/frwn e)gkrath\s ou)d' o( e)gkrath\s sw/frwn: ou)/te ga\r to\ a)/gan sw/fronos ou)/te to\ fau/las e)/xein. a)lla\ mh\n dei= ge: ei) me\n ga\r xrhstai\ ai( e)piqumi/ai, fau/lh h( kwlu/ousa e(/cis mh\ a)kolouqei=n, w(/sq' h( e)gkra/teia ou) pa=sa spoudai/a: ei) d' a)sqenei=s kai\ mh\ fau=lai, ou)qe\n semno/n, ou)d' ei) fau=lai kai\ a)sqenei=s, ou)de\n me/ga. e)/ti ei) pa/sh| do/ch| e)mmenetiko\n poiei= h( e)gkra/teia, fau/lh, oi(=on ei) kai\ th=| yeudei=: kai\ ei) pa/shs do/chs h( a)krasi/a e)kstatiko/n, e)/stai tis spoudai/a a)krasi/a, oi(=on o( *sofokle/ous *neopto/lemos e)n tw=| *filokth/th|: e)paineto\s ga\r ou)k e)mme/nwn oi(=s e)pei/sqh u(po\ tou= *)odusse/ws dia\ to\ lupei=sqai yeudo/menos. e)/ti o( sofistiko\s lo/gos yeudo/menos a)pori/a: dia\ ga\r to\ para/doca bou/lesqai e)le/gxein, i(/na deinoi\ w)=sin o(/tan e)pitu/xwsin, o( geno/menos sullogismo\s a)pori/a gi/netai: de/detai ga\r h( dia/noia, o(/tan me/nein mh\ bou/lhtai dia\ to\ mh\ a)re/skein to\ sumperanqe/n, proi+e/nai de\ mh\ du/nhtai dia\ to\ lu=sai mh\ e)/xein to\n lo/gon. sumbai/nei dh\ e)/k tinos lo/gou h( a)frosu/nh met' a)krasi/as a)reth/: ta)nanti/a ga\r pra/ttei w(=n u(polamba/nei dia\ th\n a)krasi/an, u(polamba/nei de\ ta)gaqa\ kaka\ ei)=nai kai\ ou) dei=n pra/ttein, w(/ste ta)gaqa\ kai\ ou) ta\ kaka\ pra/cei. e)/ti o( tw=| pepei=sqai pra/ttwn kai\ diw/kwn ta\ h(de/a kai\ proairou/menos belti/wn a)\n do/ceien tou= mh\ dia\ logismo\n a)lla\ di' a)krasi/an: eu)iato/teros ga\r dia\ to\ metapeisqh=nai a)/n. o( d' a)krath\s e)/noxos th=| paroimi/a| e)n h(=| fame\n o(/tan to\ u(/dwr pni/gh|, ti/ dei= e)pipi/nein;
ei) me\n ga\r e)pe/peisto a(\ pra/ttei,
metapeisqei\s a)\n e)pau/sato: nu=n de\ a)/lla pepeisme/nos ou)de\n h(=tton a)/lla pra/ttei. e)/ti ei) peri\ pa/nta a)krasi/a e)sti\ kai\ e)gkra/teia, ti/s o( a(plw=s a)krath/s; ou)dei\s ga\r a(pa/sas e)/xei ta\s a)krasi/as, fame\n d' ei)=nai/ tinas a(plw=s.
ai( me\n ou)=n a)pori/ai toiau=tai/ tines sumbai/nousin, tou/twn de\ ta\ me\n a)nelei=n dei= ta\ de\ katalipei=n: h( ga\r lu/sis th=s a)pori/as eu(/resi/s e)stin. prw=ton me\n ou)=n skepte/on po/teron ei)do/tes h)\ ou)/, kai\ pw=s ei)do/tes: ei)=ta peri\ poi=a to\n a)krath= kai\ to\n e)gkrath= qete/on, le/gw de\ po/teron peri\ pa=san h(donh\n kai\ lu/phn h)\ peri/ tinas a)fwrisme/nas, kai\ to\n e)gkrath= kai\ to\n karteriko/n, po/teron o( au)to\s h)\ e(/tero/s e)stin: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ tw=n a)/llwn o(/sa suggenh= th=s qewri/as e)sti\ tau/ths. e)/sti d' a)rxh\ th=s ske/yews, po/teron o( e)gkrath\s kai\ o( a)krath/s ei)si tw=| peri\ a(\ h)\ tw=| w(\s e)/xontes th\n diafora/n, le/gw de\ po/teron tw=| peri\ tadi\ ei)=nai mo/non a)krath\s o( a)krath/s, h)\ ou)\ a)lla\ tw=| w(/s, h)\ ou)\ a)ll' e)c a)mfoi=n: e)/peit' ei) peri\ pa/nt' e)sti\n a)krasi/a kai\ e)gkra/teia h)\ ou)/. ou)/te ga\r peri\ a(/pant' e)sti\n o( a(plw=s a)krath/s, a)lla\ peri\ a(/per o( a)ko/lastos, ou)/te tw=| pro\s tau=ta a(plw=s e)/xein （tau)to\n ga\r a)\n h)=n th=| a)kolasi/a|）, a)lla\ tw=| w(di\ e)/xein. o(\ me\n ga\r a)/getai proairou/menos, nomi/zwn a)ei\ dei=n to\ paro\n h(du\ diw/kein: o(\ d' ou)k oi)/etai me/n, diw/kei de/. peri\ me\n ou)=n tou= do/can a)lhqh= a)lla\ mh\ e)pisth/mhn ei)=nai par' h(\n a)krateu/ontai, ou)de\n diafe/rei pro\s to\n lo/gon: e)/nioi ga\r tw=n docazo/ntwn ou) dista/zousin, a)ll' oi)/ontai a)kribw=s ei)de/nai. ei) ou)=n dia\ to\ h)re/ma pisteu/ein oi( doca/zontes ma=llon tw=n e)pistame/nwn para\ th\n u(po/lhyin pra/cousin, ou)qe\n dioi/sei e)pisth/mh do/chs: e)/nioi ga\r pisteu/ousin ou)de\n h(=tton oi(=s doca/zousin h)\ e(/teroi oi(=s e)pi/stantai: dhloi= d' *(hra/kleitos. a)ll' e)pei\ dixw=s le/gomen to\ e)pi/stasqai （kai\ ga\r o( e)/xwn me\n ou) xrw/menos de\ th=| e)pisth/mh| kai\ o( xrw/menos le/getai e)pi/stasqai）, dioi/sei to\ e)/xonta me\n mh\ qewrou=nta de\ kai\ to\ qewrou=nta a(\ mh\ dei= pra/ttein tou= e)/xonta kai\ qewrou=nta: tou=to ga\r dokei= deino/n, a)ll' ou)k ei) mh\ qewrw=n.
e)/ti e)pei\ du/o tro/poi tw=n prota/sewn, e)/xonta me\n a)mfote/ras ou)de\n kwlu/ei pra/ttein para\ th\n e)pisth/mhn, xrw/menon me/ntoi th=| kaqo/lou a)lla\ mh\ th=| kata\ me/ros: prakta\ ga\r ta\ kaq' e(/kasta. diafe/rei de\ kai\ to\ kaqo/lou: to\ me\n ga\r e)f' e(autou= to\ d' e)pi\ tou= pra/gmato/s e)stin: oi(=on o(/ti panti\ a)nqrw/pw| sumfe/rei ta\ chra/, kai\ o(/ti au)to\s a)/nqrwpos, h)\ o(/ti chro\n to\ toio/nde: a)ll' ei) to/de toio/nde, h)\ ou)k e)/xei h)\ ou)k e)nergei=: kata/ te dh\ tou/tous dioi/sei tou\s tro/pous a)mh/xanon o(/son, w(/ste dokei=n ou(/tw me\n ei)de/nai mhde\n a)/topon, a)/llws de\ qaumasto/n. e)/ti to\ e)/xein th\n e)pisth/mhn a)/llon tro/pon tw=n nu=n r(hqe/ntwn u(pa/rxei toi=s a)nqrw/pois: e)n tw=| ga\r e)/xein me\n mh\ xrh=sqai de\ diafe/rousan o(rw=men th\n e(/cin, w(/ste kai\ e)/xein pws kai\ mh\ e)/xein, oi(=on to\n kaqeu/donta kai\ maino/menon kai\ oi)nwme/non. a)lla\ mh\n ou(/tw diati/qentai oi(/ ge e)n toi=s pa/qesin o)/ntes: qumoi\ ga\r kai\ e)piqumi/ai a)frodisi/wn kai\ e)/nia tw=n toiou/twn e)pidh/lws kai\ to\ sw=ma meqista=sin, e)ni/ois de\ kai\ mani/as poiou=sin. dh=lon ou)=n o(/ti o(moi/ws e)/xein lekte/on tou\s a)kratei=s tou/tois. to\ de\ le/gein tou\s lo/gous tou\s a)po\ th=s e)pisth/mhs ou)de\n shmei=on: kai\ ga\r oi( e)n toi=s pa/qesi tou/tois o)/ntes a)podei/ceis kai\ e)/ph le/gousin *)empedokle/ous, kai\ oi( prw=ton maqo/ntes sunei/rousi me\n tou\s lo/gous, i)/sasi d' ou)/pw: dei= ga\r sumfuh=nai, tou=to de\ xro/nou dei=tai: w(/ste kaqa/per tou\s u(pokrinome/nous, ou(/tws u(polhpte/on le/gein kai\ tou\s a)krateuome/nous. e)/ti kai\ w(=de fusikw=s a)/n tis e)pible/yeie th\n ai)ti/an. h(\ me\n ga\r kaqo/lou do/ca, h( d' e(te/ra peri\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta/ e)stin, w(=n ai)/sqhsis h)/dh kuri/a: o(/tan de\ mi/a ge/nhtai e)c au)tw=n, a)na/gkh to\ sumperanqe\n e)/nqa me\n fa/nai th\n yuxh/n, e)n de\ tai=s poihtikai=s pra/ttein eu)qu/s: oi(=on, ei) panto\s gluke/os geu/esqai dei=, touti\ de\ gluku\ w(s e(/n ti tw=n kaq' e(/kaston, a)na/gkh to\n duna/menon kai\ mh\ kwluo/menon a(/ma tou=to kai\ pra/ttein. o(/tan ou)=n h( me\n kaqo/lou e)nh=| kwlu/ousa geu/esqai, h(\ de/, o(/ti pa=n gluku\ h(du/, touti\ de\ gluku/ （au(/th de\ e)nergei=）, tu/xh| d' e)piqumi/a e)nou=sa, h(\ me\n ou)=n le/gei feu/gein tou=to, h( d' e)piqumi/a a)/gei: kinei=n ga\r e(/kaston du/natai tw=n mori/wn:
w(/ste sumbai/nei u(po\ lo/gou pws kai\ do/chs a)krateu/esqai, ou)k e)nanti/as de\ kaq' au(th/n, a)lla\ kata\ sumbebhko/s—h( ga\r e)piqumi/a e)nanti/a, a)ll' ou)x h( do/ca—tw=| o)rqw=| lo/gw|: w(/ste kai\ dia\ tou=to ta\ qhri/a ou)k a)krath=, o(/ti ou)k e)/xei kaqo/lou u(po/lhyin a)lla\ tw=n kaq' e(/kasta fantasi/an kai\ mnh/mhn. pw=s de\ lu/etai h( a)/gnoia kai\ pa/lin gi/netai e)pisth/mwn o( a)krath/s, o( au)to\s lo/gos kai\ peri\ oi)nwme/nou kai\ kaqeu/dontos kai\ ou)k i)/dios tou/tou tou= pa/qous, o(\n dei= para\ tw=n fusiolo/gwn a)kou/ein. e)pei\ d' h( teleutai/a pro/tasis do/ca te ai)sqhtou= kai\ kuri/a tw=n pra/cewn, tau/thn h)\ ou)k e)/xei e)n tw=| pa/qei w)/n, h)\ ou(/tws e)/xei w(s ou)k h)=n to\ e)/xein e)pi/stasqai a)lla\ le/gein w(/sper o( oi)nwme/nos ta\ *)empedokle/ous. kai\ dia\ to\ mh\ kaqo/lou mhd' e)pisthmoniko\n o(moi/ws ei)=nai dokei=n tw=| kaqo/lou to\n e)/sxaton o(/ron kai\ e)/oiken o(\ e)zh/tei *swkra/ths sumbai/nein: ou) ga\r th=s kuri/ws e)pisth/mhs ei)=nai dokou/shs parou/shs gi/netai to\ pa/qos, ou)d' au(/th perie/lketai dia\ to\ pa/qos, a)lla\ th=s ai)sqhtikh=s. peri\ me\n ou)=n tou= ei)do/ta kai\ mh/, kai\ pw=s ei)do/ta e)nde/xetai a)krateu/esqai, tosau=ta ei)rh/sqw.
po/teron d' e)sti/ tis a(plw=s a)krath\s h)\ pa/ntes kata\ me/ros, kai\ ei) e)/sti, peri\ poi=a/ e)sti, lekte/on e)fech=s. o(/ti me\n ou)=n peri\ h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas ei)si\n oi(/ t' e)gkratei=s kai\ karterikoi\ kai\ oi( a)kratei=s kai\ malakoi/, fanero/n. e)pei\ d' e)sti\ ta\ me\n a)nagkai=a tw=n poiou/ntwn h(donh/n, ta\ d' ai(reta\ me\n kaq' au(ta\ e)/xonta d' u(perbolh/n, a)nagkai=a me\n ta\ swmatika/ （le/gw de\ ta\ toiau=ta, ta/ te peri\ th\n trofh\n kai\ th\n tw=n a)frodisi/wn xrei/an, kai\ ta\ toiau=ta tw=n swmatikw=n peri\ a(\ th\n a)kolasi/an e)/qemen kai\ th\n swfrosu/nhn）, ta\ d' a)nagkai=a me\n ou)xi/, ai(reta\ de\ kaq' au(ta/ （le/gw d' oi(=on ni/khn timh\n plou=ton kai\ ta\ toiau=ta tw=n a)gaqw=n kai\ h(de/wn）: tou\s me\n ou)=n pro\s tau=ta para\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon u(perba/llontas to\n e)n au(toi=s a(plw=s me\n ou) le/gomen a)kratei=s, prostiqe/ntes de\ to\ xrhma/twn a)kratei=s kai\ ke/rdous kai\ timh=s kai\ qumou=, a(plw=s d' ou)/, w(s e(te/rous kai\ kaq' o(moio/thta legome/nous, w(/sper a)/nqrwpos o( ta\ *)olu/mpia nikw=n:
e)kei/nw| ga\r o( koino\s lo/gos tou= i)di/ou mikro\n die/feren, a)ll' o(/mws e(/teros h)=n. shmei=on de/: h( me\n ga\r a)krasi/a ye/getai ou)x w(s a(marti/a mo/non a)lla\ kai\ w(s kaki/a tis h)\ a(plw=s ou)=sa h)\ kata/ ti me/ros, tou/twn d' ou)dei/s. tw=n de\ peri\ ta\s swmatika\s a)polau/seis, peri\ a(\s le/gomen to\n sw/frona kai\ a)ko/laston, o( mh\ tw=| proairei=sqai tw=n h(de/wn diw/kwn ta\s u(perbola/s—kai\ tw=n luphrw=n feu/gwn, pei/nhs kai\ di/yhs kai\ a)le/as kai\ yu/xous kai\ pa/ntwn tw=n peri\ a(fh\n kai\ geu=sin—a)lla\ para\ th\n proai/resin kai\ th\n dia/noian, a)krath\s le/getai, ou) kata\ pro/sqesin, o(/ti peri\ ta/de, kaqa/per o)rgh=s, a)ll' a(plw=s mo/non. shmei=on de/: kai\ ga\r malakoi\ le/gontai peri\ tau/tas, peri\ e)kei/nwn d' ou)demi/an. kai\ dia\ tou=t' ei)s tau)to\ to\n a)krath= kai\ to\n a)ko/laston ti/qemen kai\ e)gkrath= kai\ sw/frona, a)ll' ou)k e)kei/nwn ou)de/na, dia\ to\ peri\ ta\s au)ta/s pws h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas ei)=nai: oi(\ d' ei)si\ me\n peri\ tau)ta/, a)ll' ou)x w(sau/tws ei)si/n, a)ll' oi(\ me\n proairou=ntai oi(\ d' ou) proairou=ntai. dio\ ma=llon a)ko/laston a)\n ei)/poimen o(/stis mh\ e)piqumw=n h)\ h)re/ma diw/kei ta\s u(perbola\s kai\ feu/gei metri/as lu/pas, h)\ tou=ton o(/stis dia\ to\ e)piqumei=n sfo/dra: ti/ ga\r a)\n e)kei=nos poih/seien, ei) prosge/noito e)piqumi/a neanikh\ kai\ peri\ ta\s tw=n a)nagkai/wn e)ndei/as lu/ph i)sxura/; e)pei\ de\ tw=n e)piqumiw=n kai\ tw=n h(donw=n ai(\ me/n ei)si tw=n tw=| ge/nei kalw=n kai\ spoudai/wn （tw=n ga\r h(de/wn e)/nia fu/sei ai(reta/）, ta\ d' e)nanti/a tou/twn, ta\ de\ metacu/, kaqa/per diei/lomen pro/teron, oi(=on xrh/mata kai\ ke/rdos kai\ ni/kh kai\ timh/: pro\s a(/panta de\ kai\ ta\ toiau=ta kai\ ta\ metacu\ ou) tw=| pa/sxein kai\ e)piqumei=n kai\ filei=n ye/gontai, a)lla\ tw=| pw=s kai\ u(perba/llein （dio\ o(/soi me\n para\ to\n lo/gon h)\ kratou=ntai h)\ diw/kousi tw=n fu/sei ti kalw=n kai\ a)gaqw=n, oi(=on oi( peri\ timh\n ma=llon h)\ dei= spouda/zontes h)\ peri\ te/kna kai\ gonei=s: kai\ ga\r tau=ta tw=n a)gaqw=n, kai\ e)painou=ntai oi( peri\ tau=ta spouda/zontes: a)ll' o(/mws e)/sti tis u(perbolh\ kai\ e)n tou/tois, ei)/ tis w(/sper h( *nio/bh ma/xoito kai\ pro\s tou\s qeou/s, h)\ w(/sper *sa/turos
o( filopa/twr e)pikalou/menos peri\ to\n pate/ra: li/an ga\r e)do/kei mwrai/nein）: moxqhri/a me\n ou)=n ou)demi/a peri\ tau=t' e)sti\ dia\ to\ ei)rhme/non, o(/ti fu/sei tw=n ai(retw=n e(/kasto/n e)sti di' au(to/, fau=lai de\ kai\ feuktai\ au)tw=n ei)si\n ai( u(perbolai/. o(moi/ws d' ou)d' a)krasi/a: h( ga\r a)krasi/a ou) mo/non feukto\n a)lla\ kai\ tw=n yektw=n e)sti/n: di' o(moio/thta de\ tou= pa/qous prosepitiqe/ntes th\n a)krasi/an peri\ e(/kaston le/gousin, oi(=on kako\n i)atro\n kai\ kako\n u(pokrith/n, o(\n a(plw=s ou)k a)\n ei)/poien kako/n. w(/sper ou)=n ou)d' e)ntau=qa, dia\ to\ mh\ kaki/an ei)=nai e(ka/sthn au)tw=n a)lla\ tw=| a)na/logon o(moi/an, ou(/tw dh=lon o(/ti ka)kei= u(polhpte/on mo/nhn a)krasi/an kai\ e)gkra/teian ei)=nai h(/tis e)sti\ peri\ tau)ta\ th=| swfrosu/nh| kai\ a)kolasi/a|, peri\ de\ qumou= kaq' o(moio/thta le/gomen: dio\ kai\ prostiqe/ntes a)krath= qumou= w(/sper timh=s kai\ ke/rdous fame/n.
e)pei\ d' e)sti\n e)/nia me\n h(de/a fu/sei, kai\ tou/twn ta\ me\n a(plw=s ta\ de\ kata\ ge/nh kai\ zw/|wn kai\ a)nqrw/pwn, ta\ d' ou)k e)/stin, a)lla\ ta\ me\n dia\ phrw/seis ta\ de\ di' e)/qh gi/netai, ta\ de\ dia\ moxqhra\s fu/seis, e)/sti kai\ peri\ tou/twn e(/kasta paraplhsi/as i)dei=n e(/ceis: le/gw de\ ta\s qhriw/deis, oi(=on th\n a)/nqrwpon h(\n le/gousi ta\s kuou/sas a)nasxi/zousan ta\ paidi/a katesqi/ein, h)\ oi(/ois xai/rein fasi\n e)ni/ous tw=n a)phgriwme/nwn peri\ to\n *po/nton, tou\s me\n w)moi=s tou\s de\ a)nqrw/pwn kre/asin, tou\s de\ ta\ paidi/a danei/zein a)llh/lois ei)s eu)wxi/an, h)\ to\ peri\ *fa/larin lego/menon. au(=tai me\n qhriw/deis, ai(\ de\ dia\ no/sous gi/nontai （kai\ dia\ mani/an e)ni/ois, w(/sper o( th\n mhte/ra kaqiereu/sas kai\ fagw/n, kai\ o( tou= sundou/lou to\ h(=par） ai(\ de\ noshmatw/deis h)\ e)c e)/qous, oi(=on trixw=n ti/lseis kai\ o)nu/xwn trw/ceis, e)/ti d' a)nqra/kwn kai\ gh=s, pro\s de\ tou/tois h( tw=n a)frodisi/wn toi=s a)/rresin: toi=s me\n ga\r fu/sei toi=s d' e)c e)/qous sumbai/nousin, oi(=on toi=s u(brizome/nois e)k pai/dwn. o(/sois me\n ou)=n fu/sis ai)ti/a, tou/tous me\n ou)dei\s a)\n ei)/peien a)kratei=s, w(/sper ou)de\ ta\s gunai=kas, o(/ti ou)k o)pu/ousin a)ll' o)pu/ontai: w(sau/tws de\ kai\ o(/soi noshmatw/dws e)/xousi di' e)/qos. to\ me\n ou)=n e)/xein e(/kasta tou/twn
e)/cw tw=n o(/rwn e)sti\ th=s kaki/as, kaqa/per kai\ h( qhrio/ths: to\n d' e)/xonta kratei=n h)\ kratei=sqai ou)x h( a(plh= a)krasi/a a)ll' h( kaq' o(moio/thta, kaqa/per kai\ to\n peri\ tou\s qumou\s e)/xonta tou=ton to\n tro/pon tou= pa/qous, a)krath= d' ou) lekte/on. pa=sa ga\r u(perba/llousa kai\ a)frosu/nh kai\ deili/a kai\ a)kolasi/a kai\ xalepo/ths ai(\ me\n qhriw/deis ai(\ de\ noshmatw/deis ei)si/n: o( me\n ga\r fu/sei toiou=tos oi(=os dedie/nai pa/nta, ka)\n yofh/sh| mu=s, qhriw/dh deili/an deilo/s, o(\ de\ th\n galh=n e)dedi/ei dia\ no/son: kai\ tw=n a)fro/nwn oi( me\n e)k fu/sews a)lo/gistoi kai\ mo/non th=| ai)sqh/sei zw=ntes qhriw/deis, w(/sper e)/nia ge/nh tw=n po/rrw barba/rwn, oi( de\ dia\ no/sous, oi(=on ta\s e)pilhptika/s, h)\ mani/as noshmatw/deis. tou/twn d' e)/sti me\n e)/xein tina\ e)ni/ote me\n mo/non, mh\ kratei=sqai de/, le/gw de\ oi(=on ei) *fa/laris katei=xen e)piqumw=n paidi/ou fagei=n h)\ pro\s a)frodisi/wn a)/topon h(donh/n: e)/sti de\ kai\ kratei=sqai, mh\ mo/non e)/xein: w(/sper ou)=n kai\ moxqhri/as h( me\n kat' a)/nqrwpon a(plw=s le/getai moxqhri/a, h(\ de\ kata\ pro/sqesin, o(/ti qhriw/dhs h)\ noshmatw/dhs, a(plw=s d' ou)/, to\n au)to\n tro/pon dh=lon o(/ti kai\ a)krasi/a e)sti\n h(\ me\n qhriw/dhs h(\ de\ noshmatw/dhs, a(plw=s de\ h( kata\ th\n a)nqrwpi/nhn a)kolasi/an mo/nh.
o(/ti me\n ou)=n a)krasi/a kai\ e)gkra/teia/ e)sti mo/non peri\ a(/per a)kolasi/a kai\ swfrosu/nh, kai\ o(/ti peri\ ta\ a)/lla e)sti\n a)/llo ei)=dos a)krasi/as, lego/menon kata\ metafora\n kai\ ou)x a(plw=s, dh=lon. o(/ti de\ kai\ h(=tton ai)sxra\ a)krasi/a h( tou= qumou= h)\ h( tw=n e)piqumiw=n, qewrh/swmen. e)/oike ga\r o( qumo\s a)kou/ein me/n ti tou= lo/gou, parakou/ein de/, kaqa/per oi( taxei=s tw=n diako/nwn, oi(\ pri\n a)kou=sai pa=n to\ lego/menon e)kqe/ousin, ei)=ta a(marta/nousi th=s prosta/cews, kai\ oi( ku/nes, pri\n ske/yasqai ei) fi/los, a)\n mo/non yofh/sh|, u(laktou=sin: ou(/tws o( qumo\s dia\ qermo/thta kai\ taxuth=ta th=s fu/sews a)kou/sas me/n, ou)k e)pi/tagma d' a)kou/sas, o(rma=| pro\s th\n timwri/an. o( me\n ga\r lo/gos h)\ h( fantasi/a o(/ti u(/bris h)\ o)ligwri/a e)dh/lwsen, o(\ d' w(/sper sullogisa/menos o(/ti dei= tw=| toiou/tw| polemei=n xalepai/nei dh\ eu)qu/s: h( d' e)piqumi/a, e)a\n mo/non ei)/ph| o(/ti h(du\ o( lo/gos h)\ h( ai)/sqhsis, o(rma=| pro\s th\n a)po/lausin.
w(/sq' o( me\n qumo\s a)kolouqei= tw=| lo/gw| pws, h( d' e)piqumi/a ou)/. ai)sxi/wn ou)=n: o( me\n ga\r tou= qumou= a)krath\s tou= lo/gou pws h(tta=tai, o(\ de\ th=s e)piqumi/as kai\ ou) tou= lo/gou. e)/ti tai=s fusikai=s ma=llon suggnw/mh a)kolouqei=n o)re/cesin, e)pei\ kai\ e)piqumi/ais tai=s toiau/tais ma=llon o(/sai koinai\ pa=si, kai\ e)f' o(/son koinai/: o( de\ qumo\s fusikw/teron kai\ h( xalepo/ths tw=n e)piqumiw=n tw=n th=s u(perbolh=s kai\ tw=n mh\ a)nagkai/wn, w(/sper o( a)pologou/menos o(/ti to\n pate/ra tu/ptoi kai\ ga\r ou(=tos
e)/fh to\n e(autou= ka)kei=nos to\n a)/nwqen,
kai\ to\ paidi/on dei/cas kai\ ou(=tos e)me/
e)/fh, o(/tan a)nh\r ge/nhtai: suggene\s ga\r h(mi=n:
kai\ o( e(lko/menos u(po\ tou= ui(ou= pau/esqai e)ke/leue pro\s tai=s qu/rais: kai\ ga\r au)to\s e(lku/sai to\n pate/ra me/xris e)ntau=qa. e)/ti a)dikw/teroi oi( e)piboulo/teroi. o( me\n ou)=n qumw/dhs ou)k e)pi/boulos, ou)d' o( qumo/s, a)lla\ fanero/s: h( d' e)piqumi/a, kaqa/per th\n *)afrodi/thn fasi/n: doloplo/kou ga\r kuprogenou=s:
kai\ to\n kesto\n i(ma/nta *(/omhros: pa/rfasis, h(/ t' e)/kleye no/on pu/ka per frone/ontos.
Hom. Il. 14.217 w(/st' ei)/per a)dikwte/ra kai\ ai)sxi/wn h( a)krasi/a au(/th th=s peri\ to\n qumo/n e)sti, kai\ a(plw=s a)krasi/a kai\ kaki/a pws. e)/ti ou)dei\s u(bri/zei lupou/menos, o( d' o)rgh=| poiw=n pa=s poiei= lupou/menos, o( d' u(bri/zwn meq' h(donh=s. ei) ou)=n oi(=s o)rgi/zesqai ma/lista di/kaion, tau=ta a)dikw/tera, kai\ h( a)krasi/a h( di' e)piqumi/an: ou) ga/r e)stin e)n qumw=| u(/bris. w(s me\n toi/nun ai)sxi/wn h( peri\ e)piqumi/as a)krasi/a th=s peri\ to\n qumo/n, kai\ o(/ti e)/stin e)gkra/teia kai\ h( a)krasi/a peri\ e)piqumi/as kai\ h(dona\s swmatika/s, dh=lon: au)tw=n de\ tou/twn ta\s diafora\s lhpte/on. w(/sper ga\r ei)/rhtai kat' a)rxa/s, ai(\ me\n a)nqrw/pinai/ ei)si kai\ fusikai\ kai\ tw=| ge/nei kai\ tw=| mege/qei, ai(\ de\ qhriw/deis, ai(\ de\ dia\ phrw/seis kai\ nosh/mata. tou/twn de\ peri\ ta\s prw/tas swfrosu/nh kai\ a)kolasi/a mo/non e)sti/n: dio\ kai\ ta\ qhri/a ou)/te sw/frona ou)/t' a)ko/lasta le/gomen a)ll' h)\ kata\ metafora\n kai\ ei)/ tini o(/lws a)/llo pro\s a)/llo diafe/rei ge/nos tw=n zw/|wn u(/brei kai\ sinamwri/a| kai\ tw=| pamfa/gon ei)=nai: ou) ga\r e)/xei proai/resin ou)de\ logismo/n, a)ll' e)ce/sthke th=s fu/sews, w(/sper oi( maino/menoi tw=n a)nqrw/pwn.
e)/latton de\ qhrio/ths kaki/as, foberw/teron de/: ou) ga\r die/fqartai to\ be/ltion, w(/sper e)n tw=| a)nqrw/pw|, a)ll' ou)k e)/xei. o(/moion ou)=n w(/sper a)/yuxon sumba/llein pro\s e)/myuxon, po/teron ka/kion: a)sineste/ra ga\r h( faulo/ths a)ei\ h( tou= mh\ e)/xontos a)rxh/n, o( de\ nou=s a)rxh/. paraplh/sion ou)=n to\ sumba/llein a)diki/an pro\s a)/nqrwpon a)/dikon. e)/sti ga\r w(s e(ka/teron ka/kion: muriopla/sia ga\r a)\n kaka\ poih/seien a)/nqrwpos kako\s qhri/ou.
peri\ de\ ta\s di' a(fh=s kai\ geu/sews h(dona\s kai\ lu/pas kai\ e)piqumi/as kai\ fuga/s, peri\ a(\s h(/ te a)kolasi/a kai\ h( swfrosu/nh diwri/sqh pro/teron, e)/sti me\n ou(/tws e)/xein w(/ste h(tta=sqai kai\ w(=n oi( polloi\ krei/ttous, e)/sti de\ kratei=n kai\ w(=n oi( polloi\ h(/ttous: tou/twn d' o( me\n peri\ h(dona\s a)krath\s o(\ d' e)gkrath/s, o( de\ peri\ lu/pas malako\s o(\ de\ karteriko/s. metacu\ d' h( tw=n plei/stwn e(/cis, ka)\n ei) r(e/pousi ma=llon pro\s ta\s xei/rous. e)pei\ d' e)/niai tw=n h(donw=n a)nagkai=ai/ ei)sin ai(\ d' ou)/, kai\ me/xri tino/s, ai( d' u(perbolai\ ou)/, ou)d' ai( e)llei/yeis, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ e)piqumi/as e)/xei kai\ lu/pas, o( me\n ta\s u(perbola\s diw/kwn tw=n h(de/wn †h)\ kaq' u(perbola\s† h)\ dia\ proai/resin, di' au)ta\s kai\ mhde\n di' e(/teron a)pobai=non, a)ko/lastos: a)na/gkh ga\r tou=ton mh\ ei)=nai metamelhtiko/n, w(/st' a)ni/atos: o( ga\r a)metame/lhtos a)ni/atos. o( d' e)llei/pwn o( a)ntikei/menos, o( de\ me/sos sw/frwn. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ o( feu/gwn ta\s swmatika\s lu/pas mh\ di' h(=ttan a)lla\ dia\ proai/resin. tw=n de\ mh\ proairoume/nwn o(\ me\n a)/getai dia\ th\n h(donh/n, o(\ de\ dia\ to\ feu/gein th\n lu/phn th\n a)po\ th=s e)piqumi/as, w(/ste diafe/rousin a)llh/lwn. panti\ d' a)\n do/ceie xei/rwn ei)=nai, ei)/ tis mh\ e)piqumw=n h)\ h)re/ma pra/ttoi ti ai)sxro/n, h)\ ei) sfo/dra e)piqumw=n, kai\ ei) mh\ o)rgizo/menos tu/ptoi h)\ ei) o)rgizo/menos: ti/ ga\r a)\n e)poi/ei e)n pa/qei w)/n; dio\ o( a)ko/lastos xei/rwn tou= a)kratou=s. tw=n dh\ lexqe/ntwn to\ me\n malaki/as ei)=dos ma=llon, o(\ d' a)ko/lastos. a)nti/keitai de\ tw=| me\n a)kratei= o( e)gkrath/s, tw=| de\ malakw=| o( karteriko/s: to\ me\n ga\r karterei=n e)sti\n e)n tw=| a)nte/xein, h( d' e)gkra/teia e)n tw=| kratei=n, e(/teron de\ to\ a)nte/xein kai\ kratei=n, w(/sper kai\ to\ mh\ h(tta=sqai tou= nika=n: dio\ kai\ ai(retw/teron e)gkra/teia karteri/as e)sti/n.
o( d' e)llei/pwn pro\s a(\ oi( polloi\ kai\ a)ntitei/nousi kai\ du/nantai, ou(=tos malako\s kai\ trufw=n: kai\ ga\r h( trufh\ malaki/a ti/s e)stin: o(\s e(/lkei to\ i(ma/tion, i(/na mh\ ponh/sh| th\n a)po\ tou= ai)/rein lu/phn, kai\ mimou/menos to\n ka/mnonta ou)k oi)/etai a)/qlios ei)=nai, a)qli/w| o(/moios w)/n. o(moi/ws d' e)/xei kai\ peri\ e)gkra/teian kai\ a)krasi/an. ou) ga\r ei)/ tis i)sxurw=n kai\ u(perballousw=n h(donw=n h(tta=tai h)\ lupw=n, qaumasto/n, a)lla\ suggnwmoniko\n ei) a)ntitei/nwn, w(/sper o( *qeode/ktou *filokth/ths u(po\ tou= e)/xews peplhgme/nos h)\ o( *karki/nou e)n th=| *)alo/ph| *kerku/wn, kai\ w(/sper oi( kate/xein peirw/menoi to\n ge/lwta a)qro/on e)kkagxa/zousin, oi(=on sune/pese *cenofa/ntw|: a)ll' ei)/ tis pro\s a(\s oi( polloi\ du/nantai a)nte/xein, tou/twn h(tta=tai kai\ mh\ du/natai a)ntitei/nein, mh\ dia\ fu/sin tou= ge/nous h)\ dia\ no/son, oi(=on e)n toi=s *skuqw=n basileu=sin h( malaki/a dia\ to\ ge/nos, kai\ w(s to\ qh=lu pro\s to\ a)/rren die/sthken. dokei= de\ kai\ o( paidiw/dhs a)ko/lastos ei)=nai, e)/sti de\ malako/s. h( ga\r paidia\ a)/nesi/s e)stin, ei)/per a)na/pausis: tw=n de\ pro\s tau/thn u(perballo/ntwn o( paidiw/dhs e)sti/n. a)krasi/as de\ to\ me\n prope/teia to\ d' a)sqe/neia. oi(\ me\n ga\r bouleusa/menoi ou)k e)mme/nousin oi(=s e)bouleu/santo dia\ to\ pa/qos, oi(\ de\ dia\ to\ mh\ bouleu/sasqai a)/gontai u(po\ tou= pa/qous: e)/nioi ga/r, w(/sper progargali/santes ou) gargali/zontai, ou(/tw kai\ proaisqo/menoi kai\ proi+do/ntes kai\ proegei/rantes e(autou\s kai\ to\n logismo\n ou)x h(ttw=ntai u(po\ tou= pa/qous, ou)/t' a)\n h(du\ h)=| ou)/t' a)\n luphro/n. ma/lista d' oi( o)cei=s kai\ melagxolikoi\ th\n propeth= a)krasi/an ei)si\n a)kratei=s: oi(\ me\n ga\r dia\ th\n taxuth=ta oi(\ de\ dia\ th\n sfodro/thta ou)k a)name/nousi to\n lo/gon, dia\ to\ a)kolouqhtikoi\ ei)=nai th=| fantasi/a|.
e)/sti d' o( me\n a)ko/lastos, w(/sper e)le/xqh, ou) metamelhtiko/s: e)mme/nei ga\r th=| proaire/sei: o( d' a)krath\s metamelhtiko\s pa=s. dio\ ou)x w(/sper h)porh/samen, ou(/tw kai\ e)/xei, a)ll' o(\ me\n a)ni/atos o(\ d' i)ato/s: e)/oike ga\r h( me\n moxqhri/a tw=n noshma/twn oi(=on u(de/rw| kai\ fqi/sei, h( d' a)krasi/a toi=s e)pilhptikoi=s: h(\ me\n ga\r sunexh\s h(\ d' ou) sunexh\s ponhri/a. kai\ o(/lws d' e(/teron to\ ge/nos a)krasi/as kai\ kaki/as: h( me\n ga\r kaki/a lanqa/nei, h( d' a)krasi/a ou) lanqa/nei.
au)tw=n de\ tou/twn belti/ous oi( e)kstatikoi\ h)\ oi( to\n lo/gon e)/xontes me/n, mh\ e)mme/nontes de/: u(p' e)la/ttonos ga\r pa/qous h(ttw=ntai, kai\ ou)k a)probou/leutoi w(/sper a(/teroi: o(/moios ga\r o( a)krath/s e)sti toi=s taxu\ mequskome/nois kai\ u(p' o)li/gou oi)/nou kai\ e)la/ttonos h)\ w(s oi( polloi/. o(/ti me\n ou)=n kaki/a h( a)krasi/a ou)k e)/sti, fanero/n （a)lla\ ph=| i)/sws）: to\ me\n ga\r para\ proai/resin to\ de\ kata\ th\n proai/resi/n e)stin: ou) mh\n a)ll' o(/moio/n ge kata\ ta\s pra/ceis, w(/sper to\ *dhmodo/kou ei)s *milhsi/ous *milh/sioi a)cu/netoi me\nou)k ei)si/n, drw=sin d' oi(=a/per a)cu/netoi,
kai\ oi( a)kratei=s a)/dikoi me\n ou)k ei)si/n, a)dikh/sousi de/. e)pei\ d' o(\ me\n toiou=tos oi(=os mh\ dia\ to\ pepei=sqai diw/kein ta\s kaq' u(perbolh\n kai\ para\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon swmatika\s h(dona/s, o(\ de\ pe/peistai dia\ to\ toiou=tos ei)=nai oi(=os diw/kein au)ta/s, e)kei=nos me\n ou)=n eu)meta/peistos, ou(=tos de\ ou)/: h( ga\r a)reth\ kai\ moxqhri/a th\n a)rxh\n h(\ me\n fqei/rei h(\ de\ sw/|zei, e)n de\ tai=s pra/cesi to\ ou(= e(/neka a)rxh/, w(/sper e)n toi=s maqhmatikoi=s ai( u(poqe/seis: ou)/te dh\ e)kei= o( lo/gos didaskaliko\s tw=n a)rxw=n ou)/te e)ntau=qa, a)ll' a)reth\ h)\ fusikh\ h)\ e)qisth\ tou= o)rqodocei=n peri\ th\n a)rxh/n. sw/frwn me\n ou)=n o( toiou=tos, a)ko/lastos d' o( e)nanti/os. e)/sti de/ tis dia\ pa/qos e)kstatiko\s para\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon, o(\n w(/ste me\n mh\ pra/ttein kata\ to\n o)rqo\n lo/gon kratei= to\ pa/qos, w(/ste d' ei)=nai toiou=ton oi(=on pepei=sqai diw/kein a)ne/dhn dei=n ta\s toiau/tas h(dona\s ou) kratei=: ou(=to/s e)stin o( a)krath/s, belti/wn w)\n tou= a)kola/stou, ou)de\ fau=los a(plw=s: sw/|zetai ga\r to\ be/ltiston, h( a)rxh/. a)/llos d' e)nanti/os, o( e)mmenetiko\s kai\ ou)k e)kstatiko\s dia/ ge to\ pa/qos. fanero\n dh\ e)k tou/twn o(/ti h(\ me\n spoudai/a e(/cis, h(\ de\ fau/lh.
po/teron ou)=n e)gkrath/s e)stin o( o(poiw|ou=n lo/gw| kai\ o(poia|ou=n proaire/sei e)mme/nwn h)\ o( th=| o)rqh=|, kai\ a)krath\s de\ o( o(poia|ou=n mh\ e)mme/nwn proaire/sei kai\ o(poiw|ou=n lo/gw| h)\ o( tw=| mh\ yeudei= lo/gw| kai\ th=| proaire/sei th=| o)rqh=|, w(/sper h)porh/qh pro/teron; h)\ kata\ me\n sumbebhko\s o(poia|ou=n, kaq' au(to\ de\ tw=| a)lhqei= lo/gw| kai\ th=| o)rqh=| proaire/sei o(\ me\n e)mme/nei o(\ d' ou)k e)mme/nei; ei) ga/r tis todi\ dia\ todi\ ai(rei=tai h)\ diw/kei,
kaq' au(to\ me\n tou=to diw/kei kai\ ai(rei=tai, kata\ sumbebhko\s de\ to\ pro/teron. a(plw=s de\ le/gomen to\ kaq' au(to/. w(/ste e)/sti me\n w(s o(poia|ou=n do/ch| o(\ me\n e)mme/nei o(\ d' e)ci/statai, a(plw=s de\ o( th=| a)lhqei=. ei)si\ de/ tines oi(\ e)mmenetikoi\ th=| do/ch| ei)si/n, ou(\s kalou=sin i)sxurognw/monas, oi( du/speistoi kai\ ou)k eu)meta/peistoi: oi(\ o(/moion me/n ti e)/xousi tw=| e)gkratei=, w(/sper o( a)/swtos tw=| e)leuqeri/w| kai\ o( qrasu\s tw=| qarrale/w|, ei)si\ d' e(/teroi kata\ polla/. o(\ me\n ga\r dia\ pa/qos kai\ e)piqumi/an ou) metaba/llei o( e)gkrath/s, e)pei\ eu)/peistos, o(/tan tu/xh|, e)/stai o( e)gkrath/s: oi(\ de\ ou)x u(po\ lo/gou, e)pei\ e)piqumi/as ge lamba/nousi, kai\ a)/gontai polloi\ u(po\ tw=n h(donw=n. ei)si\ de\ i)sxurognw/mones oi( i)diognw/mones kai\ oi( a)maqei=s kai\ oi( a)/groikoi, oi( me\n i)diognw/mones di' h(donh\n kai\ lu/phn: xai/rousi ga\r nikw=ntes e)a\n mh\ metapei/qwntai, kai\ lupou=ntai e)a\n a)/kura ta\ au)tw=n h)=| w(/sper yhfi/smata: w(/ste ma=llon tw=| a)kratei= e)oi/kasin h)\ tw=| e)gkratei=. ei)si\ de/ tines oi(\ toi=s do/casin ou)k e)mme/nousin ou) di' a)krasi/an, oi(=on e)n tw=| *filokth/th| tw=| *sofokle/ous o( *neopto/lemos: kai/toi di' h(donh\n ou)k e)ne/meinen, a)lla\ kalh/n: to\ ga\r a)lhqeu/ein au)tw=| kalo\n h)=n, e)pei/sqh d' u(po\ tou= *)odusse/ws yeu/desqai. ou) ga\r pa=s o( di' h(donh/n ti pra/ttwn ou)/t' a)ko/lastos ou)/te fau=los ou)/t' a)krath/s, a)ll' o( di' ai)sxra/n.
e)pei\ d' e)/sti tis kai\ toiou=tos oi(=os h(=tton h)\ dei= toi=s swmatikoi=s xai/rein, kai\ ou)k e)mme/nwn tw=| lo/gw|, o( toiou=tos tou/tou kai\ tou= a)kratou=s me/sos o( e)gkrath/s: o( me\n ga\r a)krath\s ou)k e)mme/nei tw=| lo/gw| dia\ to\ ma=llo/n ti, ou(=tos de\ dia\ to\ h(=tto/n ti: o( d' e)gkrath\s e)mme/nei kai\ ou)de\ di' e(/teron metaba/llei. dei= de/, ei)/per h( e)gkra/teia spoudai=on, a)mfote/ras ta\s e)nanti/as e(/ceis fau/las ei)=nai, w(/sper kai\ fai/nontai: a)lla\ dia\ to\ th\n e(te/ran e)n o)li/gois kai\ o)liga/kis ei)=nai fanera/n, w(/sper h( swfrosu/nh th=| a)kolasi/a| dokei= e)nanti/on ei)=nai mo/non, ou(/tw kai\ h( e)gkra/teia th=| a)krasi/a|. e)pei\ de\ kaq' o(moio/thta polla\ le/getai, kai\ h( e)gkra/teia h( tou= sw/fronos kaq' o(moio/thta h)kolou/qhken: o(/ te ga\r e)gkrath\s oi(=os mhde\n para\ to\n lo/gon dia\ ta\s swmatika\s h(dona\s poiei=n kai\ o( sw/frwn,
a)ll' o(\ me\n e)/xwn o(\ d' ou)k e)/xwn fau/las e)piqumi/as, kai\ o(\ me\n toiou=tos oi(=os mh\ h(/desqai para\ to\n lo/gon, o(\ d' oi(=os h(/desqai a)lla\ mh\ a)/gesqai. o(/moioi de\ kai\ o( a)krath\s kai\ a)ko/lastos, e(/teroi me\n o)/ntes, a)mfo/teroi de\ ta\ swmatika\ h(de/a diw/kousin, a)ll' o(\ me\n kai\ oi)o/menos dei=n, o(\ d' ou)k oi)o/menos. ou)d' a(/ma fro/nimon kai\ a)krath= e)nde/xetai ei)=nai to\n au)to/n: a(/ma ga\r fro/nimos kai\ spoudai=os to\ h)=qos de/deiktai w)/n. e)/ti ou) tw=| ei)de/nai mo/non fro/nimos a)lla\ kai\ tw=| praktiko/s: o( d' a)krath\s ou) praktiko/s —to\n de\ deino\n ou)de\n kwlu/ei a)krath= ei)=nai: dio\ kai\ dokou=sin e)ni/ote fro/nimoi me\n ei)=nai/ tines a)kratei=s de/, dia\ to\ th\n deino/thta diafe/rein th=s fronh/sews to\n ei)rhme/non tro/pon e)n toi=s prw/tois lo/gois, kai\ kata\ me\n to\n lo/gon e)ggu\s ei)=nai, diafe/rein de\ kata\ th\n proai/resin—ou)de\ dh\ w(s o( ei)dw\s kai\ qewrw=n, a)ll' w(s o( kaqeu/dwn h)\ oi)nwme/nos. kai\ e(kw\n me/n （tro/pon ga/r tina ei)dw\s kai\ o(\ poiei= kai\ ou(= e(/neka）, ponhro\s d' ou)/: h( ga\r proai/resis e)pieikh/s: w(/sq' h(mipo/nhros. kai\ ou)k a)/dikos: ou) ga\r e)pi/boulos: o(\ me\n ga\r au)tw=n ou)k e)mmenetiko\s oi(=s a)\n bouleu/shtai, o(\ de\ melagxoliko\s ou)de\ bouleutiko\s o(/lws. kai\ e)/oike dh\ o( a)krath\s po/lei h(\ yhfi/zetai me\n a(/panta ta\ de/onta kai\ no/mous e)/xei spoudai/ous, xrh=tai de\ ou)de/n, w(/sper *)anacandri/dhs e)/skwyen h( po/lis e)bou/leq', h(=| no/mwn ou)de\n me/lei:
o( de\ ponhro\s xrwme/nh| me\n toi=s no/mois, ponhroi=s de\ xrwme/nh|. e)/sti d' a)krasi/a kai\ e)gkra/teia peri\ to\ u(perba/llon th=s tw=n pollw=n e(/cews: o(\ me\n ga\r e)mme/nei ma=llon o(\ d' h(=tton th=s tw=n plei/stwn duna/mews. eu)iatote/ra de\ tw=n a)krasiw=n, h(\n oi( melagxolikoi\ a)krateu/ontai, tw=n bouleuome/nwn me\n mh\ e)mmeno/ntwn de/, kai\ oi( di' e)qismou= a)kratei=s tw=n fusikw=n: r(a=|on ga\r e)/qos metakinh=sai fu/sews: dia\ ga\r tou=to kai\ to\ e)/qos xalepo/n, o(/ti th=| fu/sei e)/oiken, w(/sper kai\ *eu)/hnos le/gei fhmi\ poluxro/nion mele/thn e)/menai, fi/le, kai\ dh/tau/thn a)nqrw/poisi teleutw=san fu/sin ei)=nai.
ti/ me\n ou)=n e)sti\n e)gkra/teia kai\ ti/ a)krasi/a kai\ ti/ karteri/a kai\ ti/ malaki/a, kai\ pw=s e)/xousin ai( e(/ceis au(=tai pro\s a)llh/las, ei)/rhtai.
peri\ de\ h(donh=s kai\ lu/phs qewrh=sai tou= th\n politikh\n filosofou=ntos: ou(=tos ga\r tou= te/lous a)rxite/ktwn, pro\s o(\ ble/pontes e(/kaston to\ me\n kako\n to\ d' a)gaqo\n a(plw=s le/gomen. e)/ti de\ kai\ tw=n a)nagkai/wn e)piske/yasqai peri\ au)tw=n: th/n te ga\r a)reth\n kai\ th\n kaki/an th\n h)qikh\n peri\ lu/pas kai\ h(dona\s e)/qemen, kai\ th\n eu)daimoni/an oi( plei=stoi meq' h(donh=s ei)=nai/ fasin: dio\ kai\ to\n maka/rion w)noma/kasin a)po\ tou= xai/rein. toi=s me\n ou)=n dokei= ou)demi/a h(donh\ ei)=nai a)gaqo/n, ou)/te kaq' au(to\ ou)/te kata\ sumbebhko/s: ou) ga\r ei)=nai tau)to\ to\ a)gaqo\n kai\ h(donh/n: toi=s d' e)/niai me\n ei)=nai, ai( de\ pollai\ fau=lai. e)/ti de\ tou/twn tri/ton, ei) kai\ pa=sai a)gaqo/n, o(/mws mh\ e)nde/xesqai ei)=nai to\ a)/riston h(donh/n. o(/lws me\n ou)=n ou)k a)gaqo/n, o(/ti pa=sa h(donh\ ge/nesi/s e)stin ei)s fu/sin ai)sqhth/, ou)demi/a de\ ge/nesis suggenh\s toi=s te/lesin, oi(=on ou)demi/a oi)kodo/mhsis oi)ki/a|. e)/ti o( sw/frwn feu/gei ta\s h(dona/s. e)/ti o( fro/nimos to\ a)/lupon diw/kei, ou) to\ h(du/. e)/ti e)mpo/dion tw=| fronei=n ai( h(donai/, kai\ o(/sw| ma=llon xai/rei, ma=llon, oi(=on th=| tw=n a)frodisi/wn: ou)de/na ga\r a)\n du/nasqai noh=sai/ ti e)n au)th=|. e)/ti te/xnh ou)demi/a h(donh=s: kai/toi pa=n a)gaqo\n te/xnhs e)/rgon. e)/ti paidi/a kai\ qhri/a diw/kei ta\s h(dona/s. tou= de\ mh\ pa/sas spoudai/as, o(/ti ei)si\ kai\ ai)sxrai\ kai\ o)neidizo/menai, kai\ o(/ti blaberai/: nosw/dh ga\r e)/nia tw=n h(de/wn. o(/ti d' ou) ta)/riston h(donh/, o(/ti ou) te/los a)lla\ ge/nesis. ta\ me\n ou)=n lego/mena sxedo\n tau=t' e)sti/n.
o(/ti d' ou) sumbai/nei dia\ tau=ta mh\ ei)=nai a)gaqo\n mhde\ to\ a)/riston, e)k tw=nde dh=lon. prw=ton me/n, e)pei\ to\ a)gaqo\n dixw=s （to\ me\n ga\r a(plw=s to\ de\ tini/）, kai\ ai( fu/seis kai\ ai( e(/ceis a)kolouqh/sousin, w(/ste kai\ ai( kinh/seis kai\ ai( gene/seis, kai\ ai( fau=lai dokou=sai ei)=nai ai(\ me\n a(plw=s fau=lai tini\ d' ou)\ a)ll' ai(retai\ tw=|de, e)/niai d' ou)de\ tw=|de a)lla\ pote\ kai\ o)li/gon xro/non ai(retai/, a(plw=s d' ou)/: ai(\ d' ou)d' h(donai/, a)lla\ fai/nontai, o(/sai meta\ lu/phs kai\ i)atrei/as e(/neken, oi(=on ai( tw=n kamno/ntwn. e)/ti e)pei\ tou= a)gaqou= to\ me\n e)ne/rgeia to\ d' e(/cis, kata\ sumbebhko\s ai( kaqista=sai ei)s th\n fusikh\n e(/cin h(dei=ai/ ei)sin: e)/sti d' h( e)ne/rgeia e)n tai=s e)piqumi/ais th=s u(poloi/pou e(/cews kai\ fu/sews, e)pei\ kai\ a)/neu lu/phs kai\ e)piqumi/as ei)si\n h(donai/,
oi(=on ai( tou= qewrei=n e)ne/rgeiai, th=s fu/sews ou)k e)ndeou=s ou)/shs. shmei=on d' o(/ti ou) tw=| au)tw=| h(dei= xai/rousin a)naplhroume/nhs te th=s fu/sews kai\ kaqesthkui/as, a)lla\ kaqesthkui/as me\n toi=s a(plw=s h(de/sin, a)naplhroume/nhs de\ kai\ toi=s e)nanti/ois: kai\ ga\r o)ce/si kai\ pikroi=s xai/rousin, w(=n ou)de\n ou)/te fu/sei h(du\ ou)/q' a(plw=s h(du/. w(/st' ou)d' h(donai/: w(s ga\r ta\ h(de/a pro\s a)/llhla die/sthken, ou(/tw kai\ ai( h(donai\ ai( a)po\ tou/twn. e)/ti ou)k a)na/gkh e(/tero/n ti ei)=nai be/ltion th=s h(donh=s, w(/sper tine/s fasi to\ te/los th=s gene/sews: ou) ga\r gene/seis ei)si\n ou)de\ meta\ gene/sews pa=sai, a)ll' e)ne/rgeiai kai\ te/los: ou)de\ ginome/nwn sumbai/nousin a)lla\ xrwme/nwn: kai\ te/los ou) pasw=n e(/tero/n ti, a)lla\ tw=n ei)s th\n tele/wsin a)gome/nwn th=s fu/sews. dio\ kai\ ou) kalw=s e)/xei to\ ai)sqhth\n ge/nesin fa/nai ei)=nai th\n h(donh/n, a)lla\ ma=llon lekte/on e)ne/rgeian th=s kata\ fu/sin e(/cews, a)nti\ de\ tou= ai)sqhth\n a)nempo/diston. dokei= de\ ge/nesi/s tisin ei)=nai, o(/ti kuri/ws a)gaqo/n: th\n ga\r e)ne/rgeian ge/nesin oi)/ontai ei)=nai, e)/sti d' e(/teron. to\ d' ei)=nai fau/las o(/ti nosw/dh e)/nia h(de/a, to\ au)to\ kai\ o(/ti u(gieina\ e)/nia fau=la pro\s xrhmatismo/n. tau/th| ou)=n fau=la a)/mfw, a)ll' ou) fau=la kata/ ge tou=to, e)pei\ kai\ to\ qewrei=n pote\ bla/ptei pro\s u(gi/eian. e)mpodi/zei de\ ou)/te fronh/sei ou)/q' e(/cei ou)demia=| h( a)f' e(ka/sths h(donh/, a)ll' ai( a)llo/triai, e)pei\ ai( a)po\ tou= qewrei=n kai\ manqa/nein ma=llon poih/sousi qewrei=n kai\ manqa/nein. to\ de\ te/xnhs mh\ ei)=nai e)/rgon h(donh\n mhdemi/an eu)lo/gws sumbe/bhken: ou)de\ ga\r a)/llhs e)nergei/as ou)demia=s te/xnh e)sti/n, a)lla\ th=s duna/mews: kai/toi kai\ h( mureyikh\ te/xnh kai\ h( o)yopoihtikh\ dokei= h(donh=s ei)=nai. to\ de\ to\n sw/frona feu/gein kai\ to\n fro/nimon diw/kein to\n a)/lupon bi/on, kai\ to\ ta\ paidi/a kai\ ta\ qhri/a diw/kein, tw=| au)tw=| lu/etai pa/nta. e)pei\ ga\r ei)/rhtai pw=s a)gaqai\ a(plw=s kai\ pw=s ou)k a)gaqai\ pa=sai ai( h(donai/, ta\s toiau/tas kai\ ta\ qhri/a kai\ ta\ paidi/a diw/kei, kai\ th\n tou/twn a)lupi/an o( fro/nimos, ta\s met' e)piqumi/as kai\ lu/phs, kai\ ta\s swmatika/s （toiau=tai ga\r au(=tai） kai\ ta\s tou/twn u(perbola/s, kaq' a(\s o( a)ko/lastos a)ko/lastos. dio\ o( sw/frwn feu/gei tau/tas, e)pei\ ei)si\n h(donai\ kai\ sw/fronos.
a)lla\ mh\n o(/ti kai\ h( lu/ph kako/n, o(mologei=tai, kai\ feukto/n: h(\ me\n ga\r a(plw=s kako/n, h(\ de\ tw=| ph=| e)mpodistikh/. tw=| de\ feuktw=| to\ e)nanti/on h(=| feukto/n ti kai\ kako/n, a)gaqo/n. a)na/gkh ou)=n th\n h(donh\n a)gaqo/n ti ei)=nai. w(s ga\r *speu/sippos e)/luen, ou) sumbai/nei h( lu/sis, w(/sper to\ mei=zon tw=| e)la/ttoni kai\ tw=| i)/sw| e)nanti/on: ou) ga\r a)\n fai/h o(/per kako/n ti ei)=nai th\n h(donh/n. ta)/risto/n t' ou)de\n kwlu/ei h(donh/n tina ei)=nai, ei) e)/niai fau=lai h(donai/, w(/sper kai\ e)pisth/mhn tina\ e)ni/wn fau/lwn ou)sw=n. i)/sws de\ kai\ a)nagkai=on, ei)/per e(ka/sths e(/cew/s ei)sin e)ne/rgeiai a)nempo/distoi, ei)/q' h( pasw=n e)ne/rgeia/ e)stin eu)daimoni/a ei)/te h( tino\s au)tw=n, a)\n h)=| a)nempo/distos, ai(retwta/thn ei)=nai: tou=to d' e)sti\n h(donh/. w(/ste ei)/h a)/n tis h(donh\ to\ a)/riston, tw=n pollw=n h(donw=n fau/lwn ou)sw=n, ei) e)/tuxen, a(plw=s. kai\ dia\ tou=to pa/ntes to\n eu)dai/mona h(du\n oi)/ontai bi/on ei)=nai, kai\ e)mple/kousi th\n h(donh\n ei)s th\n eu)daimoni/an, eu)lo/gws: ou)demi/a ga\r e)ne/rgeia te/leios e)mpodizome/nh, h( d' eu)daimoni/a tw=n telei/wn: dio\ prosdei=tai o( eu)dai/mwn tw=n e)n sw/mati a)gaqw=n kai\ tw=n e)kto\s kai\ th=s tu/xhs, o(/pws mh\ e)mpodi/zhtai tau=ta. oi( de\ to\n troxizo/menon kai\ to\n dustuxi/ais mega/lais peripi/ptonta eu)dai/mona fa/skontes ei)=nai, e)a\n h)=| a)gaqo/s, h)\ e(ko/ntes h)\ a)/kontes ou)de\n le/gousin. dia\ de\ to\ prosdei=sqai th=s tu/xhs dokei= tisi\ tau)to\n ei)=nai h( eu)tuxi/a th=| eu)daimoni/a|, ou)k ou)=sa, e)pei\ kai\ au)th\ u(perba/llousa e)mpo/dio/s e)stin, kai\ i)/sws ou)ke/ti eu)tuxi/an kalei=n di/kaion: pro\s ga\r th\n eu)daimoni/an o( o(/ros au)th=s. kai\ to\ diw/kein d' a(/panta kai\ qhri/a kai\ a)nqrw/pous th\n h(donh\n shmei=o/n ti tou= ei)=nai/ pws to\ a)/riston au)th/n: fh/mh d' ou)/tis pa/mpan a)po/llutai, h(/n tina laoi/polloi/
Hes. WD 763 a)ll' e)pei\ ou)x h( au)th\ ou)/te fu/sis ou)/q' e(/cis h( a)ri/sth ou)/t' e)/stin ou)/te dokei=, ou)d' h(donh\n diw/kousi th\n au)th\n pa/ntes, h(donh\n me/ntoi pa/ntes. i)/sws de\ kai\ diw/kousin ou)x h(\n oi)/ontai ou)d' h(\n a)\n fai=en, a)lla\ th\n au)th/n: pa/nta ga\r fu/sei e)/xei ti qei=on. a)ll' ei)lh/fasi th\n tou= o)no/matos klhronomi/an ai( swmatikai\ h(donai\ dia\ to\ pleista/kis te paraba/llein ei)s au)ta\s kai\ pa/ntas mete/xein au)tw=n: dia\ to\ mo/nas ou)=n gnwri/mous ei)=nai tau/tas mo/nas oi)/ontai ei)=nai.
fanero\n de\ kai\ o(/ti, ei) mh\ h(donh\ a)gaqo\n kai\ h( e)ne/rgeia, ou)k e)/stai zh=n h(de/ws to\n eu)dai/mona: ti/nos ga\r e(/neka de/oi a)\n au)th=s, ei)/per mh\ a)gaqo/n, a)lla\ kai\ luphrw=s e)nde/xetai zh=n; ou)/te kako\n ga\r ou)/t' a)gaqo\n h( lu/ph, ei)/per mhd' h(donh/: w(/ste dia\ ti/ a)\n feu/goi; ou)de\ dh\ h(di/wn o( bi/os o( tou= spoudai/ou, ei) mh\ kai\ ai( e)ne/rgeiai au)tou=.
peri\ de\ dh\ tw=n swmatikw=n h(donw=n e)piskepte/on toi=s le/gousin o(/ti e)/niai/ ge h(donai\ ai(retai\ sfo/dra, oi(=on ai( kalai/, a)ll' ou)x ai( swmatikai\ kai\ peri\ a(\s o( a)ko/lastos. dia\ ti/ ou)=n ai( e)nanti/ai lu=pai moxqhrai/; kakw=| ga\r a)gaqo\n e)nanti/on. h)\ ou(/tws a)gaqai\ ai( a)nagkai=ai, o(/ti kai\ to\ mh\ kako\n a)gaqo/n e)stin; h)\ me/xri tou a)gaqai/; tw=n me\n ga\r e(/cewn kai\ kinh/sewn o(/swn mh\ e)/sti tou= belti/onos u(perbolh/, ou)de\ th=s h(donh=s: o(/swn d' e)/sti, kai\ th=s h(donh=s. e)/stin de\ tw=n swmatikw=n a)gaqw=n u(perbolh/, kai\ o( fau=los tw=| diw/kein th\n u(perbolh/n e)stin, a)ll' ou) ta\s a)nagkai/as: pa/ntes ga\r xai/rousi/ pws kai\ o)/yois kai\ oi)/nois kai\ a)frodisi/ois, a)ll' ou)x w(s dei=. e)nanti/ws d' e)pi\ th=s lu/phs: ou) ga\r th\n u(perbolh\n feu/gei, a)ll' o(/lws: ou) ga/r e)sti th=| u(perbolh=| lu/ph e)nanti/a a)ll' h)\ tw=| diw/konti th\n u(perbolh/n.
e)pei\ d' ou) mo/non dei= ta)lhqe\s ei)pei=n a)lla\ kai\ to\ ai)/tion tou= yeu/dous: tou=to ga\r sumba/lletai pro\s th\n pi/stin: o(/tan ga\r eu)/logon fanh=| to\ dia\ ti/ fai/netai a)lhqe\s ou)k o)\n a)lhqe/s, pisteu/ein poiei= tw=| a)lhqei= ma=llon: w(/ste lekte/on dia\ ti/ fai/nontai ai( swmatikai\ h(donai\ ai(retw/terai. prw=ton me\n ou)=n dh\ o(/ti e)kkrou/ei th\n lu/phn: kai\ dia\ ta\s u(perbola\s th=s lu/phs, w(s ou)/shs i)atrei/as, th\n h(donh\n diw/kousi th\n u(perba/llousan kai\ o(/lws th\n swmatikh/n. sfodrai\ de\ gi/nontai ai( i)atrei=ai, dio\ kai\ diw/kontai, dia\ to\ para\ to\ e)nanti/on fai/nesqai. kai\ ou) spoudai=on dh\ dokei= h( h(donh\ dia\ du/o tau=ta, w(/sper ei)/rhtai, o(/ti ai(\ me\n fau/lhs fu/sew/s ei)si pra/ceis （h)\ e)k geneth=s, w(/sper qhri/ou, h)\ di' e)/qos, oi(=on ai( tw=n fau/lwn a)nqrw/pwn）, ai(\ d' i)atrei=ai o(/ti e)ndeou=s, kai\ e)/xein be/ltion h)\ gi/nesqai:
ai(\ de\ sumbai/nousi teleoume/nwn: kata\ sumbebhko\s ou)=n spoudai=ai. e)/ti diw/kontai dia\ to\ sfodrai\ ei)=nai u(po\ tw=n a)/llais mh\ duname/nwn xai/rein: au)toi\ gou=n au(toi=s di/yas tina\s paraskeua/zousin. o(/tan me\n ou)=n a)blabei=s, a)nepiti/mhton, o(/tan de\ blabera/s, fau=lon. ou)/te ga\r e)/xousin e(/tera e)f' oi(=s xai/rousin, to/ te mhde/teron polloi=s luphro\n dia\ th\n fu/sin. a)ei\ ga\r ponei= to\ zw=|on, w(/sper kai\ oi( fusiolo/goi marturou=si, to\ o(ra=n, to\ a)kou/ein fa/skontes ei)=nai luphro/n: a)ll' h)/dh sunh/qeis e)sme/n, w(s fasi/n. o(moi/ws d' e)n me\n th=| neo/thti dia\ th\n au)/chsin w(/sper oi( oi)nwme/noi dia/keintai, kai\ h(du\ h( neo/ths. oi( de\ melagxolikoi\ th\n fu/sin de/ontai a)ei\ i)atrei/as: kai\ ga\r to\ sw=ma dakno/menon diatelei= dia\ th\n kra=sin, kai\ a)ei\ e)n o)re/cei sfodra=| ei)si/n: e)celau/nei de\ h(donh\ lu/phn h(/ t' e)nanti/a kai\ h( tuxou=sa, e)a\n h)=| i)sxura/: kai\ dia\ tau=ta a)ko/lastoi kai\ fau=loi gi/nontai. ai( d' a)/neu lupw=n ou)k e)/xousin u(perbolh/n: au(=tai de\ tw=n fu/sei h(de/wn kai\ mh\ kata\ sumbebhko/s. le/gw de\ kata\ sumbebhko\s h(de/a ta\ i)atreu/onta: o(/ti ga\r sumbai/nei i)atreu/esqai tou= u(pome/nontos u(giou=s pra/ttonto/s ti, dia\ tou=to h(du\ dokei= ei)=nai: fu/sei d' h(de/a, a(\ poiei= pra=cin th=s toia=sde fu/sews. ou)k a)ei\ d' ou)qe\n h(du\ to\ au)to\ dia\ to\ mh\ a(plh=n h(mw=n ei)=nai th\n fu/sin, a)ll' e)nei=nai/ ti kai\ e(/teron, kaqo\ fqartoi/, w(/ste a)/n ti qa/teron pra/tth|, tou=to th=| e(te/ra| fu/sei para\ fu/sin, o(/tan d' i)sa/zh|, ou)/te luphro\n dokei= ou)/q' h(du\ to\ pratto/menon: e)pei\ ei)/ tou h( fu/sis a(plh= ei)/h, a)ei\ h( au)th\ pra=cis h(di/sth e)/stai. dio\ o( qeo\s a)ei\ mi/an kai\ a(plh=n xai/rei h(donh/n: ou) ga\r mo/non kinh/sew/s e)stin e)ne/rgeia a)lla\ kai\ a)kinhsi/as, kai\ h(donh\ ma=llon e)n h)remi/a| e)sti\n h)\ e)n kinh/sei. metabolh\ de\ pa/ntwn gluku/, kata\ to\n poihth/n, dia\ ponhri/an tina/: w(/sper ga\r a)/nqrwpos eu)meta/bolos o( ponhro/s, kai\ h( fu/sis h( deome/nh metabolh=s: ou) ga\r a(plh= ou)d' e)pieikh/s.
peri\ me\n ou)=n e)gkratei/as kai\ a)krasi/as kai\ peri\ h(donh=s kai\ lu/phs ei)/rhtai, kai\ ti/ e(/kaston kai\ pw=s ta\ me\n a)gaqa\ au)tw=n e)sti\ ta\ de\ kaka/: loipo\n de\ kai\ peri\ fili/as e)rou=men.
Book 8
meta\ de\ tau=ta peri\ fili/as e(/poit' a)\n dielqei=n: e)/sti ga\r a)reth/ tis h)\ met' a)reth=s, e)/ti d' a)nagkaio/taton ei)s to\n bi/on. a)/neu ga\r fi/lwn ou)dei\s e(/loit' a)\n zh=n, e)/xwn ta\ loipa\ a)gaqa\ pa/nta: kai\ ga\r ploutou=si kai\ a)rxa\s kai\ dunastei/as kekthme/nois dokei= fi/lwn ma/list' ei)=nai xrei/a: ti/ ga\r o)/felos th=s toiau/ths eu)ethri/as a)faireqei/shs eu)ergesi/as, h(\ gi/gnetai ma/lista kai\ e)painetwta/th pro\s fi/lous; h)\ pw=s a)\n thrhqei/h kai\ sw/|zoit' a)/neu fi/lwn; o(/sw| ga\r plei/wn, tosou/tw| e)pisfaleste/ra. e)n peni/a| te kai\ tai=s loipai=s dustuxi/ais mo/nhn oi)/ontai katafugh\n ei)=nai tou\s fi/lous. kai\ ne/ois de\ pro\s to\ a)nama/rthton kai\ presbute/rois pro\s qerapei/an kai\ to\ e)llei=pon th=s pra/cews di' a)sqe/neian bohqei/as, toi=s t' e)n a)kmh=| pro\s ta\s kala\s pra/ceis: su/n te du/' e)rxome/nw:
Hom. Il. 10.224 kai\ ga\r noh=sai kai\ pra=cai dunatw/teroi. fu/sei t' e)nupa/rxein e)/oike pro\s to\ gegennhme/non tw=| gennh/santi kai\ pro\s to\ gennh=san tw=| gennhqe/nti, ou) mo/non e)n a)nqrw/pois a)lla\ kai\ e)n o)/rnisi kai\ toi=s plei/stois tw=n zw/|wn, kai\ toi=s o(moeqne/si pro\s a)/llhla, kai\ ma/lista toi=s a)nqrw/pois, o(/qen tou\s filanqrw/pous e)painou=men. i)/doi d' a)/n tis kai\ e)n tai=s pla/nais w(s oi)kei=on a(/pas a)/nqrwpos a)nqrw/pw| kai\ fi/lon. e)/oike de\ kai\ ta\s po/leis sune/xein h( fili/a, kai\ oi( nomoqe/tai ma=llon peri\ au)th\n spouda/zein h)\ th\n dikaiosu/nhn: h( ga\r o(mo/noia o(/moio/n ti th=| fili/a| e)/oiken ei)=nai, tau/ths de\ ma/list' e)fi/entai kai\ th\n sta/sin e)/xqran ou)=san ma/lista e)celau/nousin: kai\ fi/lwn me\n o)/ntwn ou)de\n dei= dikaiosu/nhs, di/kaioi d' o)/ntes prosde/ontai fili/as, kai\ tw=n dikai/wn to\ ma/lista filiko\n ei)=nai dokei=. ou) mo/non d' a)nagkai=o/n e)stin a)lla\ kai\ kalo/n: tou\s ga\r filofi/lous e)painou=men, h(/ te polufili/a dokei= tw=n kalw=n e(/n ti ei)=nai: kai\ e)/ti tou\s au)tou\s oi)/ontai a)/ndras a)gaqou\s ei)=nai kai\ fi/lous.
diamfisbhtei=tai de\ peri\ au)th=s ou)k o)li/ga. oi(\ me\n ga\r o(moio/thta/ tina tiqe/asin au)th\n kai\ tou\s o(moi/ous fi/lous, o(/qen to\n o(/moio/n fasin w(s to\n o(/moion, kai\ koloio\n poti\ koloio/n, kai\ ta\ toiau=ta: oi(\ d' e)c e)nanti/as keramei=s pa/ntas tou\s toiou/tous a)llh/lois fasi\n ei)=nai.
kai\ peri\ au)tw=n tou/twn a)nw/teron e)pizhtou=si kai\ fusikw/teron, *eu)ripi/dhs me\n fa/skwn e)ra=n me\n o)/mbrou gai=an chranqei=san, e)ra=n de\ semno\n ou)rano\n plhrou/menon o)/mbrou pesei=n e)s gai=an, kai\ *(hra/kleitos to\ a)nti/coun sumfe/ron kai\ e)k tw=n diafero/ntwn kalli/sthn a(rmoni/an kai\ pa/nta kat' e)/rin gi/nesqai: e)c e)nanti/as de\ tou/tois a)/lloi te kai\ *)empedoklh=s: to\ ga\r o(/moion tou= o(moi/ou e)fi/esqai. ta\ me\n ou)=n fusika\ tw=n a)porhma/twn a)fei/sqw （ou) ga\r oi)kei=a th=s parou/shs ske/yews）: o(/sa d' e)sti\n a)nqrwpika\ kai\ a)nh/kei ei)s ta\ h)/qh kai\ ta\ pa/qh, tau=t' e)piskeyw/meqa, oi(=on po/teron e)n pa=si gi/netai fili/a h)\ ou)x oi(=o/n te moxqhrou\s o)/ntas fi/lous ei)=nai, kai\ po/teron e(\n ei)=dos th=s fili/as e)sti\n h)\ plei/w. oi( me\n ga\r e(\n oi)o/menoi, o(/ti e)pide/xetai to\ ma=llon kai\ to\ h(=tton, ou)x i(kanw=| pepisteu/kasi shmei/w|: de/xetai ga\r to\ ma=llon kai\ to\ h(=tton kai\ ta\ e(/tera tw=| ei)/dei. ei)/rhtai d' u(pe\r au)tw=n e)/mprosqen.
ta/xa d' a)\n ge/noito peri\ au)tw=n fanero\n gnwrisqe/ntos tou= filhtou=. dokei= ga\r ou) pa=n filei=sqai a)lla\ to\ filhto/n, tou=to d' ei)=nai a)gaqo\n h)\ h(du\ h)\ xrh/simon: do/ceie d' a)\n xrh/simon ei)=nai di' ou(= gi/netai a)gaqo/n ti h)\ h(donh/, w(/ste filhta\ a)\n ei)/h ta)gaqo/n te kai\ to\ h(du\ w(s te/lh. po/teron ou)=n ta)gaqo\n filou=sin h)\ to\ au(toi=s a)gaqo/n; diafwnei= ga\r e)ni/ote tau=ta. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ peri\ to\ h(du/. dokei= de\ to\ au(tw=| a)gaqo\n filei=n e(/kastos, kai\ ei)=nai a(plw=s me\n ta)gaqo\n filhto/n, e(ka/stw| de\ to\ e(ka/stw|: filei= d' e(/kastos ou) to\ o)\n au(tw=| a)gaqo\n a)lla\ to\ faino/menon. dioi/sei d' ou)de/n: e)/stai ga\r to\ filhto\n faino/menon. triw=n d' o)/ntwn di' a(\ filou=sin, e)pi\ me\n th=| tw=n a)yu/xwn filh/sei ou) le/getai fili/a: ou) ga/r e)stin a)ntifi/lhsis, ou)de\ bou/lhsis e)kei/nw| a)gaqou= （geloi=on ga\r i)/sws tw=| oi)/nw| bou/lesqai ta)gaqa/, a)ll' ei)/per, sw/|zesqai bou/letai au)to/n, i(/na au)to\s e)/xh|）: tw=| de\ fi/lw| fasi\ dei=n bou/lesqai ta)gaqa\ e)kei/nou e(/neka. tou\s de\ boulome/nous ou(/tw ta)gaqa\ eu)/nous le/gousin, a)\n mh\ tau)to\ kai\ par' e)kei/nou gi/nhtai: eu)/noian ga\r e)n a)ntipeponqo/si fili/an ei)=nai. h)\ prosqete/on mh\ lanqa/nousan; polloi\ ga/r ei)sin eu)=noi oi(=s ou)x e(wra/kasin, u(polamba/nousi de\ e)pieikei=s ei)=nai h)\ xrhsi/mous:
tou=to de\ to\ au)to\ ka)\n e)kei/nwn tis pa/qoi pro\s tou=ton. eu)=noi me\n ou)=n ou(=toi fai/nontai a)llh/lois: fi/lous de\ pw=s a)/n tis ei)/poi lanqa/nontas w(s e)/xousin e(autoi=s; dei= a)/ra eu)noei=n a)llh/lois kai\ bou/lesqai ta)gaqa\ mh\ lanqa/nontas di' e(/n ti tw=n ei)rhme/nwn.
diafe/rei de\ tau=ta a)llh/lwn ei)/dei: kai\ ai( filh/seis a)/ra kai\ ai( fili/ai. tri/a dh\ ta\ th=s fili/as ei)/dh, i)sa/riqma toi=s filhtoi=s: kaq' e(/kaston ga/r e)stin a)ntifi/lhsis ou) lanqa/nousa, oi( de\ filou=ntes a)llh/lous bou/lontai ta)gaqa\ a)llh/lois tau/th| h(=| filou=sin. oi( me\n ou)=n dia\ to\ xrh/simon filou=ntes a)llh/lous ou) kaq' au(tou\s filou=sin, a)ll' h(=| gi/netai/ ti au)toi=s par' a)llh/lwn a)gaqo/n. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ oi( di' h(donh/n: ou) ga\r tw=| poiou/s tinas ei)=nai a)gapw=si tou\s eu)trape/lous, a)ll' o(/ti h(dei=s au(toi=s. oi(/ te dh\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon filou=ntes dia\ to\ au(toi=s a)gaqo\n ste/rgousi, kai\ oi( di' h(donh\n dia\ to\ au(toi=s h(du/, kai\ ou)x h(=| o( filou/meno/s e)stin, a)ll' h(=| xrh/simos h)\ h(du/s. kata\ sumbebhko/s te dh\ ai( fili/ai au(=tai/ ei)sin: ou) ga\r h(=| e)sti\n o(/sper e)sti\n o( filou/menos, tau/th| filei=tai, a)ll' h(=| pori/zousin oi(\ me\n a)gaqo/n ti oi(\ d' h(donh/n. eu)dia/lutoi dh\ ai( toiau=tai/ ei)si, mh\ diameno/ntwn au)tw=n o(moi/wn: e)a\n ga\r mhke/ti h(dei=s h)\ xrh/simoi w)=si, pau/ontai filou=ntes. to\ de\ xrh/simon ou) diame/nei, a)ll' a)/llote a)/llo gi/netai. a)poluqe/ntos ou)=n di' o(\ fi/loi h)=san, dialu/etai kai\ h( fili/a, w(s ou)/shs th=s fili/as pro\s e)kei=na. ma/lista d' e)n toi=s presbu/tais h( toiau/th dokei= fili/a gi/nesqai （ou) ga\r to\ h(du\ oi( thlikou=toi diw/kousin a)lla\ to\ w)fe/limon）, kai\ tw=n e)n a)kmh=| kai\ ne/wn o(/soi to\ sumfe/ron diw/kousin. ou) pa/nu d' oi( toiou=toi ou)de\ suzw=si met' a)llh/lwn: e)ni/ote ga\r ou)d' ei)si\n h(dei=s: ou)de\ dh\ prosde/ontai th=s toiau/ths o(mili/as, e)a\n mh\ w)fe/limoi w)=sin: e)pi\ tosou=ton ga/r ei)sin h(dei=s e)f' o(/son e)lpi/das e)/xousin a)gaqou=. ei)s tau/tas de\ kai\ th\n cenikh\n tiqe/asin. h( de\ tw=n ne/wn fili/a di' h(donh\n ei)=nai dokei=: kata\ pa/qos ga\r ou(=toi zw=si, kai\ ma/lista diw/kousi to\ h(du\ au(toi=s kai\ to\ paro/n: th=s h(liki/as de\ metapiptou/shs kai\ ta\ h(de/a gi/netai e(/tera. dio\ taxe/ws gi/nontai fi/loi kai\ pau/ontai: a(/ma ga\r tw=| h(dei= h( fili/a metapi/ptei,
th=s de\ toiau/ths h(donh=s taxei=a h( metabolh/. kai\ e)rwtikoi\ d' oi( ne/oi: kata\ pa/qos ga\r kai\ di' h(donh\n to\ polu\ th=s e)rwtikh=s: dio/per filou=si kai\ taxe/ws pau/ontai, polla/kis th=s au)th=s h(me/ras metapi/ptontes. sunhmereu/ein de\ kai\ suzh=n ou(=toi bou/lontai: gi/netai ga\r au)toi=s to\ kata\ th\n fili/an ou(/tws.
telei/a d' e)sti\n h( tw=n a)gaqw=n fili/a kai\ kat' a)reth\n o(moi/wn: ou(=toi ga\r ta)gaqa\ o(moi/ws bou/lontai a)llh/lois h(=| a)gaqoi/, a)gaqoi\ d' ei)si\ kaq' au(tou/s. oi( de\ boulo/menoi ta)gaqa\ toi=s fi/lois e)kei/nwn e(/neka ma/lista fi/loi: di' au(tou\s ga\r ou(/tws e)/xousi, kai\ ou) kata\ sumbebhko/s: diame/nei ou)=n h( tou/twn fili/a e(/ws a)\n a)gaqoi\ w)=sin, h( d' a)reth\ mo/nimon. kai\ e)/stin e(ka/teros a(plw=s a)gaqo\s kai\ tw=| fi/lw|: oi( ga\r a)gaqoi\ kai\ a(plw=s a)gaqoi\ kai\ a)llh/lois w)fe/limoi. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ h(dei=s: kai\ ga\r a(plw=s oi( a)gaqoi\ h(dei=s kai\ a)llh/lois: e(ka/stw| ga\r kaq' h(donh/n ei)sin ai( oi)kei=ai pra/ceis kai\ ai( toiau=tai, tw=n a)gaqw=n de\ ai( au)tai\ h)\ o(/moiai. h( toiau/th de\ fili/a mo/nimos eu)lo/gws e)sti/n: suna/ptei ga\r e)n au)th=| pa/nq' o(/sa toi=s fi/lois dei= u(pa/rxein. pa=sa ga\r fili/a di' a)gaqo/n e)stin h)\ di' h(donh/n, h)\ a(plw=s h)\ tw=| filou=nti, kai\ kaq' o(moio/thta/ tina: tau/th| de\ pa/nq' u(pa/rxei ta\ ei)rhme/na kaq' au(tou/s: †tau/th| ga\r o(/moia† kai\ ta\ loipa/, to/ te a(plw=s a)gaqo\n kai\ h(du\ a(plw=s e)sti/n, ma/lista de\ tau=ta filhta/: kai\ to\ filei=n dh\ kai\ h( fili/a e)n tou/tois ma/lista kai\ a)ri/sth. spani/as d' ei)ko\s ta\s toiau/tas ei)=nai: o)li/goi ga\r oi( toiou=toi. e)/ti de\ prosdei=tai xro/nou kai\ sunhqei/as: kata\ th\n paroimi/an ga\r ou)k e)/stin ei)dh=sai a)llh/lous pri\n tou\s legome/nous a(/las sunanalw=sai: ou)d' a)pode/casqai dh\ pro/teron ou)d' ei)=nai fi/lous, pri\n a)\n e(ka/teros e(kate/rw| fanh=| filhto\s kai\ pisteuqh=|. oi( de\ taxe/ws ta\ filika\ pro\s a)llh/lous poiou=ntes bou/lontai me\n fi/loi ei)=nai, ou)k ei)si\ de/, ei) mh\ kai\ filhtoi/, kai\ tou=t' i)/sasin: bou/lhsis me\n ga\r taxei=a fili/as gi/netai, fili/a d' ou)/.
au(/th me\n ou)=n kai\ kata\ to\n xro/non kai\ kata\ ta\ loipa\ telei/a e)sti/, kai\ kata\ pa/nta tau)ta\ gi/netai kai\ o(/moia e(kate/rw| par' e(kate/rou, o(/per dei= toi=s fi/lois u(pa/rxein.
h( de\ dia\ to\ h(du\ o(moi/wma tau/ths e)/xei: kai\ ga\r oi( a)gaqoi\ h(dei=s a)llh/lois. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ h( dia\ to\ xrh/simon: kai\ ga\r toiou=toi a)llh/lois oi( a)gaqoi/. ma/lista de\ kai\ e)n tou/tois ai( fili/ai me/nousin, o(/tan to\ au)to\ gi/nhtai par' a)llh/lwn, oi(=on h(donh/, kai\ mh\ mo/non ou(/tws a)lla\ kai\ a)po\ tou= au)tou=, oi(=on toi=s eu)trape/lois, kai\ mh\ w(s e)rasth=| kai\ e)rwme/nw|. ou) ga\r e)pi\ toi=s au)toi=s h(/dontai ou(=toi, a)ll' o(\ me\n o(rw=n e)kei=non, o(\ de\ qerapeuo/menos u(po\ tou= e)rastou=: lhgou/shs de\ th=s w(/ras e)ni/ote kai\ h( fili/a lh/gei （tw=| me\n ga\r ou)k e)/stin h(dei=a h( o)/yis, tw=| d' ou) gi/netai h( qerapei/a）: polloi\ d' au)= diame/nousin, e)a\n e)k th=s sunhqei/as ta\ h)/qh ste/rcwsin, o(moh/qeis o)/ntes. oi( de\ mh\ to\ h(du\ a)ntikatallatto/menoi a)lla\ to\ xrh/simon e)n toi=s e)rwtikoi=s kai\ ei)si\n h(=tton fi/loi kai\ diame/nousin. oi( de\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon o)/ntes fi/loi a(/ma tw=| sumfe/ronti dialu/ontai: ou) ga\r a)llh/lwn h)=san fi/loi a)lla\ tou= lusitelou=s. di' h(donh\n me\n ou)=n kai\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon kai\ fau/lous e)nde/xetai fi/lous a)llh/lois ei)=nai kai\ e)pieikei=s fau/lois kai\ mhde/teron o(poiw|ou=n, di' au(tou\s de\ dh=lon o(/ti mo/nous tou\s a)gaqou/s: oi( ga\r kakoi\ ou) xai/rousin e(autoi=s, ei) mh/ tis w)fe/leia gi/noito. kai\ mo/nh de\ h( tw=n a)gaqw=n fili/a a)dia/blhto/s e)stin: ou) ga\r r(a/|dion ou)deni\ pisteu=sai peri\ tou= e)n pollw=| xro/nw| u(f' au(tou= dedokimasme/nou: kai\ to\ pisteu/ein e)n tou/tois, kai\ to\ mhde/pot' a)\n a)dikh=sai, kai\ o(/sa a)/lla e)n th=| w(s a)lhqw=s fili/a| a)ciou=tai. e)n de\ tai=s e(te/rais ou)de\n kwlu/ei ta\ toiau=ta gi/nesqai. e)pei\ ga\r oi( a)/nqrwpoi le/gousi fi/lous kai\ tou\s dia\ to\ xrh/simon, w(/sper ai( po/leis （dokou=si ga\r ai( summaxi/ai tai=s po/lesi gi/nesqai e(/neka tou= sumfe/rontos）, kai\ tou\s di' h(donh\n a)llh/lous ste/rgontas, w(/sper oi( pai=des, i)/sws le/gein me\n dei= kai\ h(ma=s fi/lous tou\s toiou/tous, ei)/dh de\ th=s fili/as plei/w, kai\ prw/tws me\n kai\ kuri/ws th\n tw=n a)gaqw=n h(=| a)gaqoi/, ta\s de\ loipa\s kaq' o(moio/thta: h(=| ga\r a)gaqo/n ti kai\ o(/moio/n ti, tau/th| fi/loi: kai\ ga\r to\ h(du\ a)gaqo\n toi=s filhde/sin. ou) pa/nu d' au(=tai suna/ptousin, ou)de\ gi/nontai oi( au)toi\ fi/loi dia\ to\ xrh/simon kai\ dia\ to\ h(du/: ou) ga\r pa/nu sundua/zetai ta\ kata\ sumbebhko/s.
ei)s tau=ta de\ ta\ ei)/dh th=s fili/as nenemhme/nhs oi( me\n fau=loi e)/sontai fi/loi di' h(donh\n h)\ to\ xrh/simon, tau/th| o(/moioi o)/ntes, oi( d' a)gaqoi\ di' au(tou\s fi/loi: h(=| ga\r a)gaqoi/. ou(=toi me\n ou)=n a(plw=s fi/loi, e)kei=noi de\ kata\ sumbebhko\s kai\ tw=| w(moiw=sqai tou/tois. w(/sper d' e)pi\ tw=n a)retw=n oi(\ me\n kaq' e(/cin oi(\ de\ kat' e)ne/rgeian a)gaqoi\ le/gontai, ou(/tw kai\ e)pi\ th=s fili/as: oi( me\n ga\r suzw=ntes xai/rousin a)llh/lois kai\ pori/zousi ta)gaqa/, oi( de\ kaqeu/dontes h)\ kexwrisme/noi toi=s to/pois ou)k e)nergou=si me/n, ou(/tw d' e)/xousin w(/st' e)nergei=n filikw=s: oi( ga\r to/poi ou) dialu/ousi th\n fili/an a(plw=s, a)lla\ th\n e)ne/rgeian. e)a\n de\ xro/nios h( a)pousi/a gi/nhtai, kai\ th=s fili/as dokei= lh/qhn poiei=n: o(/qen ei)/rhtai polla\s dh\ fili/as a)proshgori/a die/lusen.
ou) fai/nontai d' ou)/q' oi( presbu=tai ou)/q' oi( strufnoi\ filikoi\ ei)=nai: braxu\ ga\r e)n au)toi=s to\ th=s h(donh=s, ou)dei\s de\ du/natai sunhmereu/ein tw=| luphrw=| ou)de\ tw=| mh\ h(dei=: ma/lista ga\r h( fu/sis fai/netai to\ luphro\n feu/gein, e)fi/esqai de\ tou= h(de/os. oi( d' a)podexo/menoi a)llh/lous, mh\ suzw=ntes de/, eu)/nois e)oi/kasi ma=llon h)\ fi/lois. ou)de\n ga\r ou(/tws e)sti\ fi/lwn w(s to\ suzh=n （w)felei/as me\n ga\r oi( e)ndeei=s o)re/gontai, sunhmereu/ein de\ kai\ oi( maka/rioi: monw/tais ga\r ei)=nai tou/tois h(/kista prosh/kei）: sundia/gein de\ met' a)llh/lwn ou)k e)/sti mh\ h(dei=s o)/ntas mhde\ xai/rontas toi=s au)toi=s, o(/per h( e(tairikh\ dokei= e)/xein.
ma/lista me\n ou)=n e)sti\ fili/a h( tw=n a)gaqw=n, kaqa/per polla/kis ei)/rhtai: dokei= ga\r filhto\n me\n kai\ ai(reto\n to\ a(plw=s a)gaqo\n h)\ h(du/, e(ka/stw| de\ to\ au(tw=| toiou=ton: o( d' a)gaqo\s tw=| a)gaqw=| di' a)/mfw tau=ta. e)/oike d' h( me\n fi/lhsis pa/qei, h( de\ fili/a e(/cei: h( ga\r fi/lhsis ou)x h(=tton pro\s ta\ a)/yuxa/ e)stin, a)ntifilou=si de\ meta\ proaire/sews, h( de\ proai/resis a)f' e(/cews: kai\ ta)gaqa\ bou/lontai toi=s filoume/nois e)kei/nwn e(/neka, ou) kata\ pa/qos a)lla\ kaq' e(/cin. kai\ filou=ntes to\n fi/lon to\ au(toi=s a)gaqo\n filou=sin: o( ga\r a)gaqo\s fi/los gino/menos a)gaqo\n gi/netai w(=| fi/los. e(ka/teros ou)=n filei= te to\ au(tw=| a)gaqo/n, kai\ to\ i)/son a)ntapodi/dwsi th=| boulh/sei kai\ tw=| h(dei=: le/getai ga\r filo/ths i)so/ths,
ma/lista de\ th=| tw=n a)gaqw=n tau=q' u(pa/rxei. e)n de\ toi=s strufnoi=s kai\ presbutikoi=s h(=tton gi/netai h( fili/a, o(/sw| duskolw/teroi/ ei)si kai\ h(=tton tai=s o(mili/ais xai/rousin: tau=ta ga\r dokei= ma/list' ei)=nai filika\ kai\ poihtika\ fili/as. dio\ ne/oi me\n gi/nontai fi/loi taxu/, presbu=tai d' ou)/: ou) ga\r gi/nontai fi/loi oi(=s a)\n mh\ xai/rwsin: o(moi/ws d' ou)d' oi( strufnoi/. a)ll' oi( toiou=toi eu)=noi me/n ei)sin a)llh/lois: bou/lontai ga\r ta)gaqa\ kai\ a)pantw=sin ei)s ta\s xrei/as: fi/loi d' ou) pa/nu ei)si\ dia\ to\ mh\ sunhmereu/ein mhde\ xai/rein a)llh/lois, a(\ dh\ ma/list' ei)=nai dokei= filika/. polloi=s d' ei)=nai fi/lon kata\ th\n telei/an fili/an ou)k e)nde/xetai, w(/sper ou)d' e)ra=n pollw=n a(/ma （e)/oike ga\r u(perbolh=|, to\ toiou=to de\ pro\s e(/na pe/fuke gi/nesqai）: pollou\s d' a(/ma tw=| au)tw=| a)re/skein sfo/dra ou) r(a/|dion, i)/sws d' ou)d' a)gaqou\s ei)=nai. dei= de\ kai\ e)mpeiri/an labei=n kai\ e)n sunhqei/a| gene/sqai, o(\ pagxa/lepon. dia\ to\ xrh/simon de\ kai\ to\ h(du\ polloi=s a)re/skein e)nde/xetai: polloi\ ga\r oi( toiou=toi, kai\ e)n o)li/gw| xro/nw| ai( u(phresi/ai. tou/twn de\ ma=llon e)/oike fili/a| h( dia\ to\ h(du/, o(/tan tau)ta\ a)p' a)mfoi=n gi/nhtai kai\ xai/rwsin a)llh/lois h)\ toi=s au)toi=s, oi(=ai tw=n ne/wn ei)si\n ai( fili/ai: ma=llon ga\r e)n tau/tais to\ e)leuqe/rion. h( de\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon a)gorai/wn. kai\ oi( maka/rioi de\ xrhsi/mwn me\n ou)de\n de/ontai, h(de/wn de/: suzh=n me\n ga\r bou/lontai/ tisi, to\ de\ luphro\n o)li/gon me\n xro/non fe/rousin, sunexw=s d' ou)dei\s a)\n u(pomei/nai, ou)d' au)to\ to\ a)gaqo/n, ei) luphro\n au)tw=| ei)/h: dio\ tou\s fi/lous h(dei=s zhtou=sin. dei= d' i)/sws kai\ a)gaqou\s toiou/tous o)/ntas, kai\ e)/ti au(toi=s: ou(/tw ga\r u(pa/rcei au)toi=s o(/sa dei= toi=s fi/lois. oi( d' e)n tai=s e)cousi/ais dih|rhme/nois fai/nontai xrh=sqai toi=s fi/lois: a)/lloi ga\r au)toi=s ei)si\ xrh/simoi kai\ e(/teroi h(dei=s, a)/mfw d' oi( au)toi\ ou) pa/nu: ou)/te ga\r h(dei=s met' a)reth=s zhtou=sin ou)/te xrhsi/mous ei)s ta\ kala/, a)lla\ tou\s me\n eu)trape/lous tou= h(de/os e)fie/menoi, tou\s de\ deinou\s pra=cai to\ e)pitaxqe/n, tau=ta d' ou) pa/nu gi/netai e)n tw=| au)tw=|. h(du\s de\ kai\ xrh/simos a(/ma ei)/rhtai o(/ti o( spoudai=os: a)ll' u(pere/xonti ou) gi/netai o( toiou=tos fi/los, e)a\n mh\ kai\ th=| a)reth=| u(pere/xhtai: ei) de\ mh/, ou)k i)sa/zei a)na/logon u(perexo/menos. ou) pa/nu d' ei)w/qasi toiou=toi gi/nesqai.
ei)si\ d' ou)=n ai( ei)rhme/nai fili/ai e)n i)so/thti: ta\ ga\r au)ta\ gi/netai a)p' a)mfoi=n kai\ bou/lontai a)llh/lois, h)\ e(/teron a)nq' e(te/rou katalla/ttontai, oi(=on h(donh\n a)nt' w)felei/as: o(/ti de\ kai\ h(=tto/n ei)sin au(=tai fili/ai kai\ me/nousin, ei)/rhtai. dokou=si de\ kai\ di' o(moio/thta kai\ a)nomoio/thta tau)tou= ei)=nai/ te kai\ ou)k ei)=nai fili/ai: kaq' o(moio/thta ga\r th=s kat' a)reth\n fai/nontai fili/ai （h(\ me\n ga\r to\ h(du\ e)/xei h(\ de\ to\ xrh/simon, tau=ta d' u(pa/rxei ka)kei/nh|）, tw=| de\ th\n me\n a)dia/blhton kai\ mo/nimon ei)=nai, tau/tas de\ taxe/ws metapi/ptein a)/llois te diafe/rein polloi=s, ou) fai/nontai fili/ai, di' a)nomoio/thta e)kei/nhs. e(/teron d' e)sti\ fili/as ei)=dos to\ kaq' u(peroxh/n, oi(=on patri\ pro\s ui(o\n kai\ o(/lws presbute/rw| pro\s new/teron, a)ndri/ te pro\s gunai=ka kai\ panti\ a)/rxonti pro\s a)rxo/menon. diafe/rousi d' au(=tai kai\ a)llh/lwn: ou) ga\r h( au)th\ goneu=si pro\s te/kna kai\ a)/rxousi pro\s a)rxome/nous, a)ll' ou)de\ patri\ pro\s ui(o\n kai\ ui(w=| pro\s pate/ra, ou)d' a)ndri\ pro\s gunai=ka kai\ gunaiki\ pro\s a)/ndra. e(te/ra ga\r e(ka/stou tou/twn a)reth\ kai\ to\ e)/rgon, e(/tera de\ kai\ di' a(\ filou=sin: e(/terai ou)=n kai\ ai( filh/seis kai\ ai( fili/ai. tau)ta\ me\n dh\ ou)/te gi/netai e(kate/rw| para\ qate/rou ou)/te dei= zhtei=n: o(/tan de\ goneu=si me\n te/kna a)pone/mh| a(\ dei= toi=s gennh/sasi, gonei=s de\ ui(e/sin a(\ dei= toi=s te/knois, mo/nimos h( tw=n toiou/twn kai\ e)pieikh\s e)/stai fili/a. a)na/logon d' e)n pa/sais tai=s kaq' u(peroxh\n ou)/sais fili/ais kai\ th\n fi/lhsin dei= gi/nesqai, oi(=on to\n a)mei/nw ma=llon filei=sqai h)\ filei=n, kai\ to\n w)felimw/teron, kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kaston o(moi/ws: o(/tan ga\r kat' a)ci/an h( fi/lhsis gi/nhtai, to/te gi/netai/ pws i)so/ths, o(\ dh\ th=s fili/as ei)=nai dokei=.
ou)x o(moi/ws de\ to\ i)/son e)/n te toi=s dikai/ois kai\ e)n th=| fili/a| fai/netai e)/xein: e)/sti ga\r e)n me\n toi=s dikai/ois i)/son prw/tws to\ kat' a)ci/an, to\ de\ kata\ poso\n deute/rws, e)n de\ th=| fili/a| to\ me\n kata\ poso\n prw/tws, to\ de\ kat' a)ci/an deute/rws. dh=lon d', a)\n polu\ dia/sthma ge/nhtai a)reth=s h)\ kaki/as h)\ eu)pori/as h)/ tinos a)/llou: ou) ga\r e)/ti fi/loi ei)si\n a)ll' ou)d' a)ciou=sin. e)mfane/staton de\ tou=t' e)pi\ tw=n qew=n: plei=ston ga\r ou(=toi pa=si toi=s a)gaqoi=s u(pere/xousin.
dh=lon de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n basile/wn: ou)de\ ga\r tou/tois a)ciou=sin ei)=nai fi/loi oi( polu\ katadee/steroi, ou)de\ toi=s a)ri/stois h)\ sofwta/tois oi( mhdeno\s a)/cioi. a)kribh\s me\n ou)=n e)n toi=s toiou/tois ou)k e)/stin o(rismo/s, e(/ws ti/nos oi( fi/loi: pollw=n ga\r a)fairoume/nwn e)/ti me/nei, polu\ de\ xwrisqe/ntos, oi(=on tou= qeou=, ou)ke/ti. o(/qen kai\ a)porei=tai, mh/ pot' ou) bou/lontai oi( fi/loi toi=s fi/lois ta\ me/gista tw=n a)gaqw=n, oi(=on qeou\s ei)=nai: ou) ga\r e)/ti fi/loi e)/sontai au)toi=s, ou)de\ dh\ a)gaqa/: oi( ga\r fi/loi a)gaqa/. ei) dh\ kalw=s ei)/rhtai o(/ti o( fi/los tw=| fi/lw| bou/letai ta)gaqa\ e)kei/nou e(/neka, me/nein a)\n de/oi oi(=o/s pot' e)sti\n e)kei=nos: a)nqrw/pw| dh\ o)/nti boulh/setai ta\ me/gista a)gaqa/. i)/sws d' ou) pa/nta: au(tw=| ga\r ma/lisq' e(/kastos bou/letai ta)gaqa/. oi( polloi\ de\ dokou=si dia\ filotimi/an bou/lesqai filei=sqai ma=llon h)\ filei=n: dio\ filoko/lakes oi( polloi/: u(perexo/menos ga\r fi/los o( ko/lac, h)\ prospoiei=tai toiou=tos kai\ ma=llon filei=n h)\ filei=sqai: to\ de\ filei=sqai e)ggu\s ei)=nai dokei= tou= tima=sqai, ou(= dh\ oi( polloi\ e)fi/entai. ou) di' au(to\ d' e)oi/kasin ai(rei=sqai th\n timh/n, a)lla\ kata\ sumbebhko/s: xai/rousi ga\r oi( me\n polloi\ u(po\ tw=n e)n tai=s e)cousi/ais timw/menoi dia\ th\n e)lpi/da （oi)/ontai ga\r teu/cesqai par' au)tw=n, a)/n tou de/wntai: w(s dh\ shmei/w| th=s eu)paqei/as xai/rousi th=| timh=|）: oi( d' u(po\ tw=n e)pieikw=n kai\ ei)do/twn o)rego/menoi timh=s bebaiw=sai th\n oi)kei/an do/can e)fi/entai peri\ au(tw=n: xai/rousi dh/, o(/ti ei)si\n a)gaqoi\ pisteu/ontes th=| tw=n lego/ntwn kri/sei. tw=| filei=sqai de\ kaq' au(to\ xai/rousin: dio\ do/ceien a)\n krei=tton ei)=nai tou= tima=sqai, kai\ h( fili/a kaq' au(th\n ai(reth\ ei)=nai. dokei= d' e)n tw=| filei=n ma=llon h)\ e)n tw=| filei=sqai ei)=nai. shmei=on d' ai( mhte/res tw=| filei=n xai/rousai: e)/niai ga\r dido/asi ta\ e(autw=n tre/fesqai, kai\ filou=si me\n ei)dui=ai, a)ntifilei=sqai d' ou) zhtou=sin, e)a\n a)mfo/tera mh\ e)nde/xhtai, a)ll' i(kano\n au)tai=s e)/oiken ei)=nai e)a\n o(rw=sin eu)= pra/ttontas, kai\ au)tai\ filou=sin au)tou\s ka)\n e)kei=noi mhde\n w(=n mhtri\ prosh/kei a)pone/mwsi dia\ th\n a)/gnoian. ma=llon de\ th=s fili/as ou)/shs e)n tw=| filei=n, kai\ tw=n filofi/lwn e)painoume/nwn, fi/lwn a)reth\ to\ filei=n e)/oiken, w(/st' e)n oi(=s tou=to gi/netai kat' a)ci/an,
ou(=toi mo/nimoi fi/loi kai\ h( tou/twn fili/a. ou(/tw d' a)\n kai\ oi( a)/nisoi ma/list' ei)=en fi/loi: i)sa/zointo ga\r a)/n. h( d' i)so/ths kai\ o(moio/ths filo/ths, kai\ ma/lista me\n h( tw=n kat' a)reth\n o(moio/ths: mo/nimoi ga\r o)/ntes kaq' au(tou\s kai\ pro\s a)llh/lous me/nousi, kai\ ou)/te de/ontai fau/lwn ou)/q' u(phretou=si toiau=ta, a)ll' w(s ei)pei=n kai\ diakwlu/ousin: tw=n a)gaqw=n ga\r mh/t' au)tou\s a(marta/nein mh/te toi=s fi/lois e)pitre/pein. oi( de\ moxqhroi\ to\ me\n be/baion ou)k e)/xousin: ou)de\ ga\r au(toi=s diame/nousin o(/moioi o)/ntes: e)p' o)li/gon de\ xro/non gi/nontai fi/loi, xai/rontes th=| a)llh/lwn moxqhri/a|. oi( xrh/simoi de\ kai\ h(dei=s e)pi\ plei=on diame/nousin: e(/ws ga\r a)\n pori/zwsin h(dona\s h)\ w)felei/as a)llh/lois. e)c e)nanti/wn de\ ma/lista me\n dokei= h( dia\ to\ xrh/simon gi/nesqai fili/a, oi(=on pe/nhs plousi/w|, a)maqh\s ei)do/ti: ou(= ga\r tugxa/nei tis e)ndeh\s w)/n, tou/tou e)fie/menos a)ntidwrei=tai a)/llo. e)ntau=qa d' a)/n tis e(/lkoi kai\ e)rasth\n kai\ e)rw/menon, kai\ kalo\n kai\ ai)sxro/n. dio\ fai/nontai kai\ oi( e)rastai\ geloi=oi e)ni/ote, a)ciou=ntes filei=sqai w(s filou=sin: o(moi/ws dh\ filhtou\s o)/ntas i)/sws a)ciwte/on, mhde\n de\ toiou=ton e)/xontas geloi=on. i)/sws de\ ou)d' e)fi/etai to\ e)nanti/on tou= e)nanti/ou kaq' au(to/, a)lla\ kata\ sumbebhko/s, h( d' o)/recis tou= me/sou e)sti/n: tou=to ga\r a)gaqo/n, oi(=on tw=| chrw=| ou)x u(grw=| gene/sqai a)ll' e)pi\ to\ me/son e)lqei=n, kai\ tw=| qermw=| kai\ toi=s a)/llois o(moi/ws. tau=ta me\n ou)=n a)fei/sqw: kai\ ga/r e)stin a)llotriw/tera.
e)/oike de/, kaqa/per e)n a)rxh=| ei)/rhtai, peri\ tau)ta\ kai\ e)n toi=s au)toi=s ei)=nai h(/ te fili/a kai\ to\ di/kaion. e)n a(pa/sh| ga\r koinwni/a| dokei= ti di/kaion ei)=nai, kai\ fili/a de/: prosagoreu/ousi gou=n w(s fi/lous tou\s su/mplous kai\ tou\s sustratiw/tas, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ tou\s e)n tai=s a)/llais koinwni/ais. kaq' o(/son de\ koinwnou=sin, e)pi\ tosou=to/n e)sti fili/a: kai\ ga\r to\ di/kaion. kai\ h( paroimi/a koina\ ta\ fi/lwn,
o)rqw=s: e)n koinwni/a| ga\r h( fili/a. e)/sti d' a)delfoi=s me\n kai\ e(tai/rois pa/nta koina/, toi=s d' a)/llois a)fwrisme/na, kai\ toi=s me\n plei/w toi=s d' e)la/ttw: kai\ ga\r tw=n filiw=n ai(\ me\n ma=llon ai(\ d' h(=tton. diafe/rei de\ kai\ ta\ di/kaia:
ou) ga\r tau)ta\ goneu=si pro\s te/kna kai\ a)delfoi=s pro\s a)llh/lous, ou)d' e(tai/rois kai\ poli/tais, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn filiw=n. e(/tera dh\ kai\ ta\ a)/dika pro\s e(ka/stous tou/twn, kai\ au)/chsin lamba/nei tw=| ma=llon pro\s fi/lous ei)=nai, oi(=on xrh/mata a)posterh=sai e(tai=ron deino/teron h)\ poli/thn, kai\ mh\ bohqh=sai a)delfw=| h)\ o)qnei/w|, kai\ pata/cai pate/ra h)\ o(ntinou=n a)/llon. au)/cesqai de\ pe/fuken a(/ma th=| fili/a| kai\ to\ di/kaion, w(s e)n toi=s au)toi=s o)/nta kai\ e)p' i)/son dih/konta. ai( de\ koinwni/ai pa=sai mori/ois e)oi/kasi th=s politikh=s: sumporeu/ontai ga\r e)pi/ tini sumfe/ronti, kai\ porizo/menoi/ ti tw=n ei)s to\n bi/on: kai\ h( politikh\ de\ koinwni/a tou= sumfe/rontos xa/rin dokei= kai\ e)c a)rxh=s sunelqei=n kai\ diame/nein: tou/tou ga\r kai\ oi( nomoqe/tai stoxa/zontai, kai\ di/kaio/n fasin ei)=nai to\ koinh=| sumfe/ron. ai( me\n ou)=n a)/llai koinwni/ai kata\ me/rh tou= sumfe/rontos e)fi/entai, oi(=on plwth=res me\n tou= kata\ to\n plou=n pro\s e)rgasi/an xrhma/twn h)/ ti toiou=ton, sustratiw=tai de\ tou= kata\ to\n po/lemon, ei)/te xrhma/twn ei)/te ni/khs h)\ po/lews o)rego/menoi, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ fule/tai kai\ dhmo/tai. e)/niai de\ tw=n koinwniw=n di' h(donh\n dokou=si gi/nesqai, qiaswtw=n kai\ e)ranistw=n: au(=tai ga\r qusi/as e(/neka kai\ sunousi/as. pa=sai d' au(=tai u(po\ th\n politikh\n e)oi/kasin ei)=nai: ou) ga\r tou= paro/ntos sumfe/rontos h( politikh\ e)fi/etai, a)ll' ei)s a(/panta to\n bi/on qusi/as te poiou=ntes kai\ peri\ tau/tas suno/dous, tima/s te a)pone/montes toi=s qeoi=s, kai\ au(toi=s a)napau/seis pori/zontes meq' h(donh=s. ai( ga\r a)rxai=ai qusi/ai kai\ su/nodoi fai/nontai gi/nesqai meta\ ta\s tw=n karpw=n sugkomida\s oi(=on a)parxai/: ma/lista ga\r e)n tou/tois e)sxo/lazon toi=s kairoi=s. pa=sai dh\ fai/nontai ai( koinwni/ai mo/ria th=s politikh=s ei)=nai: a)kolouqh/sousi de\ ai( toiau=tai fili/ai tai=s toiau/tais koinwni/ais.
politei/as d' e)sti\n ei)/dh tri/a, i)/sai de\ kai\ parekba/seis, oi(=on fqorai\ tou/twn. ei)si\ d' ai( me\n politei=ai basilei/a te kai\ a)ristokrati/a, tri/th de\ a)po\ timhma/twn, h(\n timokratikh\n le/gein oi)kei=on fai/netai, politei/an d' au)th\n ei)w/qasin oi( plei=stoi kalei=n. tou/twn de\ belti/sth me\n h( basilei/a, xeiri/sth d' h( timokrati/a. pare/kbasis de\ basilei/as me\n turanni/s:
a)/mfw ga\r monarxi/ai, diafe/rousi de\ plei=ston: o( me\n ga\r tu/rannos to\ au(tw=| sumfe/ron skopei=, o( de\ basileu\s to\ tw=n a)rxome/nwn. ou) ga/r e)sti basileu\s o( mh\ au)ta/rkhs kai\ pa=si toi=s a)gaqoi=s u(pere/xwn: o( de\ toiou=tos ou)deno\s prosdei=tai: ta\ w)fe/lima ou)=n au(tw=| me\n ou)k a)\n skopoi/h, toi=s d' a)rxome/nois: o( ga\r mh\ toiou=tos klhrwto\s a)/n tis ei)/h basileu/s. h( de\ turanni\s e)c e)nanti/as tau/th|: to\ ga\r e(autw=| a)gaqo\n diw/kei. kai\ fanerw/teron e)pi\ tau/ths o(/ti xeiri/sth: ka/kiston de\ to\ e)nanti/on tw=| belti/stw|. metabai/nei d' e)k basilei/as ei)s turanni/da: faulo/ths ga/r e)sti monarxi/as h( turanni/s, o( de\ moxqhro\s basileu\s tu/rannos gi/netai. e)c a)ristokrati/as de\ ei)s o)ligarxi/an kaki/a| tw=n a)rxo/ntwn, oi(\ ne/mousi ta\ th=s po/lews para\ th\n a)ci/an, kai\ pa/nta h)\ ta\ plei=sta tw=n a)gaqw=n e(autoi=s, kai\ ta\s a)rxa\s a)ei\ toi=s au)toi=s, peri\ plei/stou poiou/menoi to\ ploutei=n: o)li/goi dh\ a)/rxousi kai\ moxqhroi\ a)nti\ tw=n e)pieikesta/twn. e)k de\ timokrati/as ei)s dhmokrati/an: su/noroi ga/r ei)sin au(=tai: plh/qous ga\r bou/letai kai\ h( timokrati/a ei)=nai, kai\ i)/soi pa/ntes oi( e)n tw=| timh/mati. h(/kista de\ moxqhro/n e)stin h( dhmokrati/a: e)pi\ mikro\n ga\r parekbai/nei to\ th=s politei/as ei)=dos. metaba/llousi me\n ou)=n ma/lisq' ou(/tws ai( politei=ai: e)la/xiston ga\r ou(/tw kai\ r(a=|sta metabai/nousin. o(moiw/mata d' au)tw=n kai\ oi(=on paradei/gmata la/boi tis a)\n kai\ e)n tai=s oi)ki/ais. h( me\n ga\r patro\s pro\s ui(ei=s koinwni/a basilei/as e)/xei sxh=ma: tw=n te/knwn ga\r tw=| patri\ me/lei: e)nteu=qen de\ kai\ *(/omhros to\n *di/a pate/ra prosagoreu/ei: patrikh\ ga\r a)rxh\ bou/letai h( basilei/a ei)=nai. e)n *pe/rsais d' h( tou= patro\s turannikh/: xrw=ntai ga\r w(s dou/lois toi=s ui(e/sin. turannikh\ de\ kai\ h( despo/tou pro\s dou/lous: to\ ga\r tou= despo/tou sumfe/ron e)n au)th=| pra/ttetai. au(/th me\n ou)=n o)rqh\ fai/netai, h( *persikh\ d' h(marthme/nh: tw=n diafero/ntwn ga\r ai( a)rxai\ dia/foroi. a)ndro\s de\ kai\ gunaiko\s a)ristokratikh\ fai/netai: kat' a)ci/an ga\r o( a)nh\r a)/rxei, kai\ peri\ tau=ta a(\ dei= to\n a)/ndra: o(/sa de\ gunaiki\ a(rmo/zei, e)kei/nh| a)podi/dwsin. a(pa/ntwn de\ kurieu/wn o( a)nh\r ei)s o)ligarxi/an meqi/sthsin: para\ th\n a)ci/an ga\r au)to\ poiei=, kai\ ou)x h(=| a)mei/nwn.
e)ni/ote de\ a)/rxousin ai( gunai=kes e)pi/klhroi ou)=sai: ou) dh\ gi/nontai kat' a)reth\n ai( a)rxai/, a)lla\ dia\ plou=ton kai\ du/namin, kaqa/per e)n tai=s o)ligarxi/ais. timokratikh=| d' e)/oiken h( tw=n a)delfw=n: i)/soi ga/r, plh\n e)f' o(/son tai=s h(liki/ais dialla/ttousin: dio/per a)\n polu\ tai=s h(liki/ais diafe/rwsin, ou)ke/ti a)delfikh\ gi/netai h( fili/a. dhmokrati/a de\ ma/lista me\n e)n tai=s a)despo/tois tw=n oi)kh/sewn （e)ntau=qa ga\r pa/ntes e)c i)/sou）, kai\ e)n ai(=s a)sqenh\s o( a)/rxwn kai\ e(ka/stw| e)cousi/a.
kaq' e(ka/sthn de\ tw=n politeiw=n fili/a fai/netai, e)f' o(/son kai\ to\ di/kaion, basilei= me\n pro\s tou\s basileuome/nous e)n u(peroxh=| eu)ergesi/as: eu)= ga\r poiei= tou\s basileuome/nous, ei)/per a)gaqo\s w)\n e)pimelei=tai au)tw=n, i(/n' eu)= pra/ttwsin, w(/sper nomeu\s proba/twn: o(/qen kai\ *(/omhros to\n *)agame/mnona poime/na law=n ei)=pen. toiau/th de\ kai\ h( patrikh/, diafe/rei de\ tw=| mege/qei tw=n eu)ergethma/twn: ai)/tios ga\r tou= ei)=nai, dokou=ntos megi/stou, kai\ trofh=s kai\ paidei/as. kai\ toi=s progo/nois de\ tau=ta prosne/metai: fu/sei te a)rxiko\n path\r ui(w=n kai\ pro/gonoi e)kgo/nwn kai\ basileu\s basileuome/nwn. e)n u(peroxh=| de\ ai( fili/ai au(=tai, dio\ kai\ timw=ntai oi( gonei=s. kai\ to\ di/kaion dh\ e)n tou/tois ou) tau)to\ a)lla\ to\ kat' a)ci/an: ou(/tw ga\r kai\ h( fili/a. kai\ a)ndro\s de\ pro\s gunai=ka h( au)th\ fili/a kai\ e)n a)ristokrati/a|: kat' a)reth\n ga/r, kai\ tw=| a)mei/noni ple/on a)gaqo/n, kai\ to\ a(rmo/zon e(ka/stw|: ou(/tw de\ kai\ to\ di/kaion. h( de\ tw=n a)delfw=n th=| e(tairikh=| e)/oiken: i)/soi ga\r kai\ h(likiw=tai, oi( toiou=toi d' o(mopaqei=s kai\ o(moh/qeis w(s e)pi\ to\ polu/. e)/oike de\ tau/th| kai\ h( kata\ th\n timokratikh/n: i)/soi ga\r oi( poli=tai bou/lontai kai\ e)pieikei=s ei)=nai: e)n me/rei dh\ to\ a)/rxein, kai\ e)c i)/sou: ou(/tw dh\ kai\ h( fili/a. e)n de\ tai=s parekba/sesin, w(/sper kai\ to\ di/kaion e)pi\ mikro/n e)stin, ou(/tw kai\ h( fili/a, kai\ h(/kista e)n th=| xeiri/sth|: e)n turanni/di ga\r ou)de\n h)\ mikro\n fili/as. e)n oi(=s ga\r mhde\n koino/n e)sti tw=| a)/rxonti kai\ a)rxome/nw|, ou)de\ fili/a: ou)de\ ga\r di/kaion: oi(=on texni/th| pro\s o)/rganon kai\ yuxh=| pro\s sw=ma kai\ despo/th| pro\s dou=lon:
w)felei=tai me\n ga\r pa/nta tau=ta u(po\ tw=n xrwme/nwn, fili/a d' ou)k e)/sti pro\s ta\ a)/yuxa ou)de\ di/kaion. a)ll' ou)de\ pro\s i(/ppon h)\ bou=n, ou)de\ pro\s dou=lon h(=| dou=los. ou)de\n ga\r koino/n e)stin: o( ga\r dou=los e)/myuxon o)/rganon, to\ d' o)/rganon a)/yuxos dou=los. h(=| me\n ou)=n dou=los, ou)k e)/sti fili/a pro\s au)to/n, h(=| d' a)/nqrwpos: dokei= ga\r ei)=nai/ ti di/kaion panti\ a)nqrw/pw| pro\s pa/nta to\n duna/menon koinwnh=sai no/mou kai\ sunqh/khs: kai\ fili/a dh/, kaq' o(/son a)/nqrwpos. e)pi\ mikro\n dh\ kai\ e)n tai=s turanni/sin ai( fili/ai kai\ to\ di/kaion, e)n de\ tai=s dhmokrati/ais e)pi\ plei=on: polla\ ga\r ta\ koina\ i)/sois ou)=sin.
e)n koinwni/a| me\n ou)=n pa=sa fili/a e)sti/n, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai. a)fori/seie d' a)/n tis th/n te suggenikh\n kai\ th\n e(tairikh/n. ai( de\ politikai\ kai\ fuletikai\ kai\ sumploi+kai/, kai\ o(/sai toiau=tai, koinwnikai=s e)oi/kasi ma=llon: oi(=on ga\r kaq' o(mologi/an tina\ fai/nontai ei)=nai. ei)s tau/tas de\ ta/ceien a)/n tis kai\ th\n cenikh/n. kai\ h( suggenikh\ de\ fai/netai polueidh\s ei)=nai, h)rth=sqai de\ pa=sa e)k th=s patrikh=s: oi( gonei=s me\n ga\r ste/rgousi ta\ te/kna w(s e(autw=n ti o)/nta, ta\ de\ te/kna tou\s gonei=s w(s a)p' e)kei/nwn ti o)/nta. ma=llon d' i)/sasin oi( gonei=s ta\ e)c au(tw=n h)\ ta\ gennhqe/nta o(/ti e)k tou/twn, kai\ ma=llon sunwkei/wtai to\ a)f' ou(= tw=| gennhqe/nti h)\ to\ geno/menon tw=| poih/santi: to\ ga\r e)c au)tou= oi)kei=on tw=| a)f' ou(=, oi(=on o)dou\s qri\c o(tiou=n tw=| e)/xonti: e)kei/nw| d' ou)de\n to\ a)f' ou(=, h)\ h(=tton. kai\ tw=| plh/qei de\ tou= xro/nou: oi(\ me\n ga\r eu)qu\s geno/mena ste/rgousin, ta\ de\ proelqo/ntos xro/nou tou\s gonei=s, su/nesin h)\ ai)/sqhsin labo/nta. e)k tou/twn de\ dh=lon kai\ di' a(\ filou=si ma=llon ai( mhte/res. gonei=s me\n ou)=n te/kna filou=sin w(s e(autou/s （ta\ ga\r e)c au)tw=n oi(=on e(/teroi au)toi\ tw=| kexwri/sqai）, te/kna de\ gonei=s w(s a)p' e)kei/nwn pefuko/ta, a)delfoi\ d' a)llh/lous tw=| e)k tw=n au)tw=n pefuke/nai: h( ga\r pro\s e)kei=na tauto/ths a)llh/lois tau)to\ poiei=: o(/qen fasi\ tau)to\n ai(=ma kai\ r(i/zan kai\ ta\ toiau=ta. ei)si\ dh\ tau)to/ pws kai\ e)n dih|rhme/nois. me/ga de\ pro\s fili/an kai\ to\ su/ntrofon kai\ to\ kaq' h(liki/an: h(=lic ga\r h(/lika, kai\ oi( sunh/qeis e(tai=roi: dio\ kai\ h( a)delfikh\ th=| e(tairikh=| o(moiou=tai.
a)neyioi\ de\ kai\ oi( loipoi\ suggenei=s e)k tou/twn sunw|kei/wntai: tw=| ga\r a)po\ tw=n au)tw=n ei)=nai. gi/nontai d' oi(\ me\n oi)keio/teroi oi(\ d' a)llotriw/teroi tw=| su/neggus h)\ po/rrw to\n a)rxhgo\n ei)=nai. e)/sti d' h( me\n pro\s gonei=s fili/a te/knois, kai\ a)nqrw/pois pro\s qeou/s, w(s pro\s a)gaqo\n kai\ u(pere/xon: eu)= ga\r pepoih/kasi ta\ me/gista: tou= ga\r ei)=nai kai\ trafh=nai ai)/tioi, kai\ genome/nois tou= paideuqh=nai: e)/xei de\ kai\ to\ h(du\ kai\ to\ xrh/simon h( toiau/th fili/a ma=llon tw=n o)qnei/wn, o(/sw| kai\ koino/teros o( bi/os au)toi=s e)sti/n. e)/sti de\ kai\ e)n th=| a)delfikh=| a(/per kai\ e)n th=| e(tairikh=| kai\ ma=llon e)n toi=s e)pieike/si, kai\ o(/lws e)n toi=s o(moi/ois, o(/sw| oi)keio/teroi kai\ e)k geneth=s u(pa/rxousi ste/rgontes a)llh/lous, kai\ o(/sw| o(mohqe/steroi oi( e)k tw=n au)tw=n kai\ su/ntrofoi kai\ paideuqe/ntes o(moi/ws: kai\ h( kata\ to\n xro/non dokimasi/a plei/sth kai\ bebaiota/th. a)na/logon de\ kai\ e)n toi=s loipoi=s tw=n suggenw=n ta\ filika/. a)ndri\ de\ kai\ gunaiki\ fili/a dokei= kata\ fu/sin u(pa/rxein: a)/nqrwpos ga\r th=| fu/sei sunduastiko\n ma=llon h)\ politiko/n, o(/sw| pro/teron kai\ a)nagkaio/teron oi)ki/a po/lews, kai\ teknopoii/a koino/teron toi=s zw/|ois. toi=s me\n ou)=n a)/llois e)pi\ tosou=ton h( koinwni/a e)sti/n, oi( d' a)/nqrwpoi ou) mo/non th=s teknopoii/as xa/rin sunoikou=sin, a)lla\ kai\ tw=n ei)s to\n bi/on: eu)qu\s ga\r dih/|rhtai ta\ e)/rga, kai\ e)/stin e(/tera a)ndro\s kai\ gunaiko/s: e)parkou=sin ou)=n a)llh/lois, ei)s to\ koino\n tiqe/ntes ta\ i)/dia. dia\ tau=ta de\ kai\ to\ xrh/simon ei)=nai dokei= kai\ to\ h(du\ e)n tau/th| th=| fili/a|. ei)/h d' a)\n kai\ di' a)reth/n, ei) e)pieikei=s ei)=en: e)/sti ga\r e(kate/rou a)reth/, kai\ xai/roien a)\n tw=| toiou/tw|. su/ndesmos de\ ta\ te/kna dokei= ei)=nai: dio\ qa=tton oi( a)/teknoi dialu/ontai: ta\ ga\r te/kna koino\n a)gaqo\n a)mfoi=n, sune/xei de\ to\ koino/n. to\ de\ pw=s biwte/on a)ndri\ pro\s gunai=ka kai\ o(/lws fi/lw| pro\s fi/lon, ou)de\n e(/teron fai/netai zhtei=sqai h)\ pw=s di/kaion: ou) ga\r tau)to\n fai/netai tw=| fi/lw| pro\s to\n fi/lon kai\ to\n o)qnei=on kai\ to\n e(tai=ron kai\ to\n sumfoithth/n.
trittw=n d' ou)sw=n filiw=n, kaqa/per e)n a)rxh=| ei)/rhtai, kai\ kaq' e(ka/sthn tw=n me\n e)n i)so/thti fi/lwn o)/ntwn tw=n de\ kaq' u(peroxh/n （kai\ ga\r o(moi/ws a)gaqoi\ fi/loi gi/nontai kai\ a)mei/nwn xei/roni,
o(moi/ws de\ kai\ h(dei=s kai\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon, i)sa/zontes tai=s w)felei/ais kai\ diafe/rontes）, tou\s i)/sous me\n kat' i)so/thta dei= tw=| filei=n kai\ toi=s loipoi=s i)sa/zein, tou\s d' a)ni/sous to\ a)na/logon tai=s u(peroxai=s a)podido/nai. gi/netai de\ ta\ e)gklh/mata kai\ ai( me/myeis e)n th=| kata\ to\ xrh/simon fili/a| h)\ mo/nh| h)\ ma/lista, eu)lo/gws. oi( me\n ga\r di' a)reth\n fi/loi o)/ntes eu)= dra=n a)llh/lous proqumou=ntai （tou=to ga\r a)reth=s kai\ fili/as）, pro\s tou=to d' a(millwme/nwn ou)k e)/stin e)gklh/mata ou)de\ ma/xai: to\n ga\r filou=nta kai\ eu)= poiou=nta ou)dei\s dusxerai/nei, a)ll' a)\n h)=| xari/eis, a)mu/netai eu)= drw=n. o( d' u(perba/llwn, tugxa/nwn ou(= e)fi/etai, ou)k a)\n e)gkaloi/h tw=| fi/lw|: e(/kastos ga\r tou= a)gaqou= o)re/getai. ou) pa/nu d' ou)d' e)n toi=s di' h(donh/n: a(/ma ga\r a)mfoi=n gi/netai ou(= o)re/gontai, ei) tw=| sundia/gein xai/rousin: geloi=os d' a)\n fai/noito kai\ o( e)gkalw=n tw=| mh\ te/rponti, e)co\n mh\ sunhmereu/ein. h( de\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon e)gklhmatikh/: e)p' w)felei/a| ga\r xrw/menoi a)llh/lois a)ei\ tou= plei/onos de/ontai, kai\ e)/latton e)/xein oi)/ontai tou= prosh/kontos, kai\ me/mfontai o(/ti ou)x o(/swn de/ontai tosou/twn tugxa/nousin a)/cioi o)/ntes: oi( d' eu)= poiou=ntes ou) du/nantai e)parkei=n tosau=ta o(/swn oi( pa/sxontes de/ontai. e)/oike de/, kaqa/per to\ di/kaio/n e)sti ditto/n, to\ me\n a)/grafon to\ de\ kata\ no/mon, kai\ th=s kata\ to\ xrh/simon fili/as h(\ me\n h)qikh\ h(\ de\ nomikh\ ei)=nai. gi/netai ou)=n ta\ e)gklh/mata ma/lisq' o(/tan mh\ kata\ th\n au)th\n sunalla/cwsi kai\ dialu/wntai. e)/sti d' h( nomikh\ me\n h( e)pi\ r(htoi=s, h( me\n pa/mpan a)gorai/a e)k xeiro\s ei)s xei=ra, h( de\ e)leuqeriwte/ra ei)s xro/non, kaq' o(mologi/an de\ ti/ a)nti\ ti/nos. dh=lon d' e)n tau/th| to\ o)fei/lhma kou)k a)mfi/logon, filiko\n de\ th\n a)nabolh\n e)/xei: dio/per e)ni/ois ou)k ei)si\ tou/twn di/kai, a)ll' oi)/ontai dei=n ste/rgein tou\s kata\ pi/stin sunalla/cantas. h( d' h)qikh\ ou)k e)pi\ r(htoi=s, a)ll' w(s fi/lw| dwrei=tai h)\ o(tidh/pote a)/llo: komi/zesqai de\ a)cioi= to\ i)/son h)\ ple/on, w(s ou) dedwkw\s a)lla\ xrh/sas: ou)x o(moi/ws de\ sunalla/cas kai\ dialuo/menos e)gkale/sei. tou=to de\ sumbai/nei dia\ to\ bou/lesqai me\n pa/ntas h)\ tou\s plei/stous ta\ kala/, proairei=sqai de\ ta\ w)fe/lima: kalo\n de\ to\ eu)= poiei=n mh\ i(/na a)ntipa/qh|,
w)fe/limon de\ to\ eu)ergetei=sqai. duname/nw| dh\ a)ntapodote/on th\n a)ci/an w(=n e)/paqen kai\ e(ko/nti （a)/konta ga\r fi/lon ou) poihte/on: w(s dh\ diamarto/nta e)n th=| a)rxh=| kai\ eu)= paqo/nta u(f' ou(= ou)k e)/dei—ou) ga\r u(po\ fi/lou, ou)de\ di' au)to\ tou=to drw=ntos—kaqa/per ou)=n e)pi\ r(htoi=s eu)ergethqe/nta dialute/on）: kai\ †o(mologh/sai d'† a)\n duna/menos a)podw/sein: a)dunatou=nta d' ou)d' o( didou\s h)ci/wsen a)/n. w(/st' ei) dunato/n, a)podote/on. e)n a)rxh=| d' e)piskepte/on u(f' ou(= eu)ergetei=tai kai\ e)pi\ ti/ni, o(/pws e)pi\ tou/tois u(pome/nh| h)\ mh/. a)mfisbh/thsin d' e)/xei po/tera dei= th=| tou= paqo/ntos w)felei/a| metrei=n kai\ pro\s tau/thn poiei=sqai th\n a)ntapo/dosin, h)\ th=| tou= dra/santos eu)ergesi/a|. oi( me\n ga\r paqo/ntes toiau=ta/ fasi labei=n para\ tw=n eu)ergetw=n a(\ mikra\ h)=n e)kei/nois kai\ e)ch=n par' e(te/rwn labei=n, katasmikri/zontes: oi(\ d' a)na/palin ta\ me/gista tw=n par' au(toi=s, kai\ a(\ par' a)/llwn ou)k h)=n, kai\ e)n kindu/nois h)\ toiau/tais xrei/ais. a)=r' ou)=n dia\ me\n to\ xrh/simon th=s fili/as ou)/shs h( tou= paqo/ntos w)fe/leia me/tron e)sti/n; ou(=tos ga\r o( deo/menos, kai\ e)parkei= au)tw=| w(s komiou/menos th\n i)/shn: tosau/th ou)=n gege/nhtai h( e)pikouri/a o(/son ou(=tos w)fe/lhtai, kai\ a)podote/on dh\ au)tw=| o(/son e)phu/reto, h)\ kai\ ple/on: ka/llion ga/r. e)n de\ tai=s kat' a)reth\n e)gklh/mata me\n ou)k e)/stin, me/trw| d' e)/oiken h( tou= dra/santos proai/resis: th=s a)reth=s ga\r kai\ tou= h)/qous e)n th=| proaire/sei to\ ku/rion.
diafe/rontai de\ kai\ e)n tai=s kaq' u(peroxh\n fili/ais: a)cioi= ga\r e(ka/teros ple/on e)/xein, o(/tan de\ tou=to gi/nhtai, dialu/etai h( fili/a. oi)/etai ga\r o(/ te belti/wn prosh/kein au(tw=| ple/on e)/xein: tw=| ga\r a)gaqw=| ne/mesqai ple/on: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ o( w)felimw/teros: a)xrei=on ga\r o)/nta ou)/ fasi dei=n i)/son e)/xein: leitourgi/an te ga\r gi/nesqai kai\ ou) fili/an, ei) mh\ kat' a)ci/an tw=n e)/rgwn e)/stai ta\ e)k th=s fili/as. oi)/ontai ga/r, kaqa/per e)n xrhma/twn koinwni/a| plei=on lamba/nousin oi( sumballo/menoi plei=on, ou(/tw dei=n kai\ e)n th=| fili/a|. o( d' e)ndeh\s kai\ o( xei/rwn a)na/palin: fi/lou ga\r a)gaqou= ei)=nai to\ e)parkei=n toi=s e)ndee/sin: ti/ ga/r, fasi/n, o)/felos spoudai/w| h)\ duna/sth| fi/lon ei)=nai, mhde/n ge me/llonta a)polau/ein;
e)/oike d' ou)=n e(ka/teros o)rqw=s a)ciou=n, kai\ dei=n e(kate/rw| ple/on ne/mein e)k th=s fili/as, ou) tou= au)tou= de/, a)lla\ tw=| me\n u(pere/xonti timh=s tw=| d' e)ndeei= ke/rdous: th=s me\n ga\r a)reth=s kai\ th=s eu)ergesi/as h( timh\ ge/ras, th=s d' e)ndei/as e)pikouri/a to\ ke/rdos. ou(/tw d' e)/xein tou=to kai\ e)n tai=s politei/ais fai/netai: ou) ga\r tima=tai o( mhde\n a)gaqo\n tw=| koinw=| pori/zwn: to\ koino\n ga\r di/dotai tw=| to\ koino\n eu)ergetou=nti, h( timh\ de\ koino/n. ou) ga\r e)/stin a(/ma xrhmati/zesqai a)po\ tw=n koinw=n kai\ tima=sqai. e)n pa=si ga\r to\ e)/latton ou)dei\s u(pome/nei: tw=| dh\ peri\ xrh/mata e)lattoume/nw| timh\n a)pone/mousi kai\ tw=| dwrodo/kw| xrh/mata: to\ kat' a)ci/an ga\r e)panisoi= kai\ sw/|zei th\n fili/an, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai. ou(/tw dh\ kai\ toi=s a)ni/sois o(milhte/on, kai\ tw=| ei)s xrh/mata w)feloume/nw| h)\ ei)s a)reth\n timh\n a)ntapodote/on, a)podido/nta ta\ e)ndexo/mena. to\ dunato\n ga\r h( fili/a e)pizhtei=, ou) to\ kat' a)ci/an: ou)de\ ga\r e)/stin e)n pa=si, kaqa/per e)n tai=s pro\s tou\s qeou\s timai=s kai\ tou\s gonei=s: ou)dei\s ga\r th\n a)ci/an pot' a)\n a)podoi/h, ei)s du/namin de\ o( qerapeu/wn e)pieikh\s ei)=nai dokei=. dio\ ka)\n do/ceien ou)k e)cei=nai ui(w=| pate/ra a)pei/pasqai, patri\ d' ui(o/n: o)fei/lonta ga\r a)podote/on, ou)de\n de\ poih/sas a)/cion tw=n u(phrgme/nwn de/draken, w(/st' a)ei\ o)fei/lei. oi(=s d' o)fei/letai, e)cousi/a a)fei=nai: kai\ tw=| patri\ dh/. a(/ma d' i)/sws ou)dei/s pot' a)\n a)posth=nai dokei= mh\ u(perba/llontos moxqhri/a|: xwri\s ga\r th=s fusikh=s fili/as th\n e)pikouri/an a)nqrwpiko\n mh\ diwqei=sqai. tw=| de\ feukto\n h)\ ou) spoudasto\n to\ e)parkei=n, moxqhrw=| o)/nti: eu)= pa/sxein ga\r oi( polloi\ bou/lontai, to\ de\ poiei=n feu/gousin w(s a)lusitele/s. peri\ me\n ou)=n tou/twn e)pi\ tosou=ton ei)rh/sqw.
Book 9
e)n pa/sais de\ tai=s a)nomoioeide/si fili/ais to\ a)na/logon i)sa/zei kai\ sw/|zei th\n fili/an, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai, oi(=on kai\ e)n th=| politikh=| tw=| skutoto/mw| a)nti\ tw=n u(podhma/twn a)moibh\ gi/netai kat' a)ci/an, kai\ tw=| u(fa/nth| kai\ toi=s loipoi=s.
e)ntau=qa me\n ou)=n pepo/ristai koino\n me/tron to\ no/misma, kai\ pro\s tou=to dh\ pa/nta a)nafe/retai kai\ tou/tw| metrei=tai: e)n de\ th=| e)rwtikh=| e)ni/ote me\n o( e)rasth\s e)gkalei= o(/ti u(perfilw=n ou)k a)ntifilei=tai, ou)de\n e)/xwn filhto/n, ei) ou(/tws e)/tuxen, polla/kis d' o( e)rw/menos o(/ti pro/teron e)paggello/menos pa/nta nu=n ou)de\n e)pitelei=. sumbai/nei de\ ta\ toiau=ta, e)peida\n o(\ me\n di' h(donh\n to\n e)rw/menon filh=|, o(\ de\ dia\ to\ xrh/simon to\n e)rasth/n, tau=ta de\ mh\ a)mfoi=n u(pa/rxh|. dia\ tau=ta ga\r th=s fili/as ou)/shs dia/lusis gi/netai, e)peida\n mh\ gi/nhtai w(=n e(/neka e)fi/loun: ou) ga\r au)tou\s e)/stergon a)lla\ ta\ u(pa/rxonta, ou) mo/nima o)/nta: dio\ toiau=tai kai\ ai( fili/ai. h( de\ tw=n h)qw=n kaq' au(th\n ou)=sa me/nei, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai. diafe/rontai d' o(/tan e(/tera gi/nhtai au)toi=s kai\ mh\ w(=n o)re/gontai: o(/moion ga\r tw=| mhde\n gi/nesqai, o(/tan ou(= e)fi/etai mh\ tugxa/nh|, oi(=on kai\ tw=| kiqarw|dw=| o( e)paggello/menos, kai\ o(/sw| a)/meinon a)/|seien, tosou/tw| plei/w: ei)s e(/w d' a)paitou=nti ta\s u(posxe/seis a)nq' h(donh=s h(donh\n a)podedwke/nai e)/fh. ei) me\n ou)=n e(ka/teros tou=to e)bou/leto, i(kanw=s a)\n ei)=xen: ei) d' o(\ me\n te/ryin o(\ de\ ke/rdos, kai\ o(\ me\n e)/xei o(\ de\ mh/, ou)k a)\n ei)/h ta\ kata\ th\n koinwni/an kalw=s: w(=n ga\r deo/menos tugxa/nei, tou/tois kai\ prose/xei, ka)kei/nou ge xa/rin tau=ta dw/sei. th\n a)ci/an de\ pote/rou ta/cai e)sti/, tou= proi+eme/nou h)\ tou= prolabo/ntos; o( ga\r proi+e/menos e)/oik' e)pitre/pein e)kei/nw|. o(/per fasi\ kai\ *prwtago/ran poiei=n: o(/te ga\r dida/ceien a(dh/pote, timh=sai to\n maqo/nta e)ke/leuen o(/sou dokei= a)/cia e)pi/stasqai, kai\ e)la/mbane tosou=ton. e)n toi=s toiou/tois d' e)ni/ois a)re/skei to\ misqo\s d' a)ndri/.
oi( de\ prolamba/nontes to\ a)rgu/rion, ei)=ta mhde\n poiou=ntes w(=n e)/fasan dia\ ta\s u(perbola\s tw=n e)paggeliw=n, ei)ko/tws e)n e)gklh/masi gi/nontai: ou) ga\r e)pitelou=sin a(\ w(molo/ghsan. tou=to d' i)/sws poiei=n oi( sofistai\ a)nagka/zontai dia\ to\ mhde/na a)\n dou=nai a)rgu/rion w(=n e)pi/stantai. ou(=toi me\n ou)=n w(=n e)/labon to\n misqo/n, mh\ poiou=ntes ei)ko/tws e)n e)gklh/masi/n ei)sin. e)n oi(=s de\ mh\ gi/netai diomologi/a th=s u(pourgi/as, oi( me\n di' au)tou\s proi+e/menoi ei)/rhtai o(/ti a)ne/gklhtoi （toiau/th ga\r h( kat' a)reth\n fili/a）,
th\n a)moibh/n te poihte/on kata\ th\n proai/resin （au(/th ga\r tou= fi/lou kai\ th=s a)reth=s）: ou(/tw d' e)/oike kai\ toi=s filosofi/as koinwnh/sasin: ou) ga\r pro\s xrh/maq' h( a)ci/a metrei=tai, timh/ t' i)so/rropos ou)k a)\n ge/noito, a)ll' i)/sws i(kano/n, kaqa/per kai\ pro\s qeou\s kai\ pro\s gonei=s, to\ e)ndexo/menon. mh\ toiau/ths d' ou)/shs th=s do/sews a)ll' e)pi/ tini, ma/lista me\n i)/sws dei= th\n a)ntapo/dosin gi/nesqai dokou=san a)mfoi=n kat' a)ci/an ei)=nai, ei) de\ tou=to mh\ sumbai/noi, ou) mo/non a)nagkai=on do/ceien a)\n to\n proe/xonta ta/ttein, a)lla\ kai\ di/kaion: o(/son ga\r ou(=tos w)felh/qh h)\ a)nq' o(/sou th\n h(donh\n ei(/let' a)/n, tosou=ton a)ntilabw\n e(/cei th\n para\ tou/tou a)ci/an. kai\ ga\r e)n toi=s w)ni/ois ou(/tw fai/netai gino/menon, e)niaxou= t' ei)si\ no/moi tw=n e(kousi/wn sumbolai/wn di/kas mh\ ei)=nai, w(s de/on, w(=| e)pi/steuse, dialuqh=nai pro\s tou=ton kaqa/per e)koinw/nhsen. w(=| ga\r e)petra/fqh, tou=ton oi)/etai dikaio/teron ei)=nai ta/cai tou= e)pitre/yantos. ta\ polla\ ga\r ou) tou= i)/sou timw=sin oi( e)/xontes kai\ oi( boulo/menoi labei=n: ta\ ga\r oi)kei=a kai\ a(\ dido/asin e(ka/stois fai/netai pollou= a)/cia: a)ll' o(/mws h( a)moibh\ gi/netai pro\s tosou=ton o(/son a)\n ta/ttwsin oi( lamba/nontes. dei= d' i)/sws ou) tosou/tou tima=n o(/sou e)/xonti fai/netai a)/cion, a)ll' o(/sou pri\n e)/xein e)ti/ma.
a)pori/an d' e)/xei kai\ ta\ toiau=ta, oi(=on po/teron dei= pa/nta tw=| patri\ a)pone/mein kai\ pei/qesqai, h)\ ka/mnonta me\n i)atrw=| pisteu/ein, strathgo\n de\ xeirotonhte/on to\n polemiko/n: o(moi/ws de\ fi/lw| ma=llon h)\ spoudai/w| u(phrethte/on, kai\ eu)erge/th| a)ntapodote/on xa/rin ma=llon h)\ e(tai/rw| proete/on, e)a\n a)/mfw mh\ e)nde/xhtai. a)=r' ou)=n pa/nta ta\ toiau=ta a)kribw=s me\n diori/sai ou) r(a/|dion; polla\s ga\r kai\ pantoi/as e)/xei diafora\s kai\ mege/qei kai\ mikro/thti kai\ tw=| kalw=| kai\ a)nagkai/w|. o(/ti d' ou) pa/nta tw=| au)tw=| a)podote/on, ou)k a)/dhlon: kai\ ta\s me\n eu)ergesi/as a)ntapodote/on w(s e)pi\ to\ polu\ ma=llon h)\ xariste/on e(tai/rois, w(/sper kai\ da/neion w(=| o)fei/lei a)podote/on ma=llon h)\ e(tai/rw| dote/on. i)/sws d' ou)de\ tou=t' a)ei/, oi(=on tw=| lutrwqe/nti para\ lh|stw=n po/tera to\n lusa/menon a)ntilutrwte/on, ka)\n o(stisou=n h)=|, h)\ mh\ e(alwko/ti a)paitou=nti de\ a)podote/on,
h)\ to\n pate/ra lutrwte/on; do/ceie ga\r a)\n kai\ e(autou= ma=llon to\n pate/ra. o(/per ou)=n ei)/rhtai, kaqo/lou me\n to\ o)fei/lhma a)podote/on, e)a\n d' u(pertei/nh| h( do/sis tw=| kalw=| h)\ tw=| a)nagkai/w|, pro\s tau=t' a)poklite/on. e)ni/ote ga\r ou)d' e)sti\n i)/son to\ th\n prou+parxh\n a)mei/yasqai, e)peida\n o(\ me\n spoudai=on ei)dw\s eu)= poih/sh|, tw=| de\ h( a)ntapo/dosis gi/nhtai o(\n oi)/etai moxqhro\n ei)=nai. ou)de\ ga\r tw=| danei/santi e)ni/ote a)ntidaneiste/on: o(\ me\n ga\r oi)o/menos komiei=sqai e)da/neisen e)pieikei= o)/nti, o(\ d' ou)k e)lpi/zei komiei=sqai para\ ponhrou=. ei)/te toi/nun th=| a)lhqei/a| ou(/tws e)/xei, ou)k i)/son to\ a)ci/wma: ei)/t' e)/xei me\n mh\ ou(/tws oi)/ontai de/, ou)k a)\n do/caien a)/topa poiei=n. o(/per ou)=n polla/kis ei)/rhtai, oi( peri\ ta\ pa/qh kai\ ta\s pra/ceis lo/goi o(moi/ws e)/xousi to\ w(risme/non toi=s peri\ a(/ ei)sin. o(/ti me\n ou)=n ou) tau)ta\ pa=sin a)podote/on, ou)de\ tw=| patri\ pa/nta, kaqa/per ou)de\ tw=| *dii\ qu/etai, ou)k a)/dhlon: e)pei\ d' e(/tera goneu=si kai\ a)delfoi=s kai\ e(tai/rois kai\ eu)erge/tais, e(ka/stois ta\ oi)kei=a kai\ ta\ a(rmo/ttonta a)ponemhte/on. ou(/tw de\ kai\ poiei=n fai/nontai: ei)s ga/mous me\n ga\r kalou=si tou\s suggenei=s: tou/tois ga\r koino\n to\ ge/nos kai\ ai( peri\ tou=to dh\ pra/ceis: kai\ ei)s ta\ kh/dh de\ ma/list' oi)/ontai dei=n tou\s suggenei=s a)panta=n dia\ tau)to/. do/ceie d' a)\n trofh=s me\n goneu=si dei=n ma/list' e)parkei=n, w(s o)fei/lontas, kai\ toi=s ai)ti/ois tou= ei)=nai ka/llion o)\n h)\ e(autoi=s ei)s tau=t' e)parkei=n: kai\ timh\n de\ goneu=si kaqa/per qeoi=s, ou) pa=san de/: ou)de\ ga\r th\n au)th\n patri\ kai\ mhtri/, ou)d' au)= th\n tou= sofou= h)\ th\n tou= strathgou=, a)lla\ th\n patrikh/n, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ mhtrikh/n. kai\ panti\ de\ tw=| presbute/rw| timh\n kaq' h(liki/an, u(panasta/sei kai\ katakli/sei kai\ toi=s toiou/tois: pro\s e(tai/rous d' au)= kai\ a)delfou\s parrhsi/an kai\ a(pa/ntwn koino/thta. kai\ suggene/si de\ kai\ fule/tais kai\ poli/tais kai\ toi=s loipoi=s a(/pasin a)ei\ peirate/on to\ oi)kei=on a)pone/mein, kai\ sugkri/nein ta\ e(ka/stois u(pa/rxonta kat' oi)keio/thta kai\ a)reth\n h)\ xrh=sin. tw=n me\n ou)=n o(mogenw=n r(a/|wn h( su/gkrisis, tw=n de\ diafero/ntwn e)rgwdeste/ra. ou) mh\n dia/ ge tou=to a)postate/on, a)ll' w(s a)\n e)nde/xhtai, ou(/tw dioriste/on.
e)/xei d' a)pori/an kai\ peri\ tou= dialu/esqai ta\s fili/as
h)\ mh\ pro\s tou\s mh\ diame/nontas. h)\ pro\s me\n tou\s dia\ to\ xrh/simon h)\ to\ h(du\ fi/lous o)/ntas, o(/tan mhke/ti tau=t' e)/xwsin, ou)de\n a)/topon dialu/esqai; e)kei/nwn ga\r h)=san fi/loi: w(=n a)polipo/ntwn eu)/logon to\ mh\ filei=n. e)gkale/seie d' a)/n tis, ei) dia\ to\ xrh/simon h)\ to\ h(du\ a)gapw=n prosepoiei=to dia\ to\ h)=qos. o(\ ga\r e)n a)rxh=| ei)/pomen, plei=stai diaforai\ gi/nontai toi=s fi/lois, o(/tan mh\ o(moi/ws oi)/wntai kai\ w)=si fi/loi. o(/tan me\n ou)=n diayeusqh=| tis kai\ u(pola/bh| filei=sqai dia\ to\ h)=qos, mhde\n toiou=ton e)kei/nou pra/ttontos, e(auto\n ai)tiw=|t' a)/n: o(/tan d' u(po\ th=s e)kei/nou prospoih/sews a)pathqh=|, di/kaion e)gkalei=n tw=| a)path/santi, kai\ ma=llon h)\ toi=s to\ no/misma kibdhleu/ousin, o(/sw| peri\ timiw/teron h( kakourgi/a. e)a\n d' a)pode/xhtai w(s a)gaqo/n, ge/nhtai de\ moxqhro\s kai\ dokh=|, a)=r' e)/ti filhte/on; h)\ ou) dunato/n, ei)/per mh\ pa=n filhto\n a)lla\ ta)gaqo/n; ou)/te de\ filhto\n to\ ponhro\n ou)/te dei=: filopo/nhron ga\r ou) xrh\ ei)=nai, ou)d' o(moiou=sqai fau/lw|: ei)/rhtai d' o(/ti to\ o(/moion tw=| o(moi/w| fi/lon. a)=r' ou)=n eu)qu\s dialute/on; h)\ ou) pa=sin, a)lla\ toi=s a)nia/tois kata\ th\n moxqhri/an; e)pano/rqwsin d' e)/xousi ma=llon bohqhte/on ei)s to\ h)=qos h)\ th\n ou)si/an, o(/sw| be/ltion kai\ th=s fili/as oi)keio/teron. do/ceie d' a)\n o( dialuo/menos ou)de\n a)/topon poiei=n: ou) ga\r tw=| toiou/tw| fi/los h)=n: a)lloiwqe/nta ou)=n a)dunatw=n a)nasw=sai a)fi/statai. ei) d' o(\ me\n diame/noi o(\ d' e)pieike/steros gi/noito kai\ polu\ dialla/ttoi th=| a)reth=|, a)=ra xrhste/on fi/lw|; h)\ ou)k e)nde/xetai; e)n mega/lh| de\ diasta/sei ma/lista dh=lon gi/netai, oi(=on e)n tai=s paidikai=s fili/ais: ei) ga\r o(\ me\n diame/noi th\n dia/noian pai=s o(\ d' a)nh\r ei)/h oi(=os kra/tistos, pw=s a)\n ei)=en fi/loi mh/t' a)resko/menoi toi=s au)toi=s mh/te xai/rontes kai\ lupou/menoi; ou)de\ ga\r peri\ a)llh/lous tau=q' u(pa/rcei au)toi=s, a)/neu de\ tou/twn ou)k h)=n fi/lous ei)=nai: sumbiou=n ga\r ou)x oi(=o/n te. ei)/rhtai de\ peri\ tou/twn. a)=r' ou)=n ou)qe\n a)lloio/teron pro\s au)to\n e(kte/on h)\ ei) mh\ e)gego/nei fi/los mhde/pote; h)\ dei= mnei/an e)/xein th=s genome/nhs sunhqei/as, kai\ kaqa/per fi/lois ma=llon h)\ o)qnei/ois oi)o/meqa dei=n xari/zesqai, ou(/tw kai\ toi=s genome/nois a)ponemhte/on ti dia\ th\n progenome/nhn fili/an, o(/tan mh\ di' u(perbolh\n moxqhri/as dia/lusis ge/nhtai.
ta\ filika\ de\ ta\ pro\s tou\s pe/las, kai\ oi(=s ai( fili/ai o(ri/zontai, e)/oiken e)k tw=n pro\s e(auto\n e)lhluqe/nai. tiqe/asi ga\r fi/lon to\n boulo/menon kai\ pra/ttonta ta)gaqa\ h)\ ta\ faino/mena e)kei/nou e(/neka, h)\ to\n boulo/menon ei)=nai kai\ zh=n to\n fi/lon au)tou= xa/rin: o(/per ai( mhte/res pro\s ta\ te/kna pepo/nqasi, kai\ tw=n fi/lwn oi( proskekrouko/tes. oi(\ de\ to\n sundia/gonta kai\ tau)ta\ ai(rou/menon, h)\ to\n sunalgou=nta kai\ sugxai/ronta tw=| fi/lw|: ma/lista de\ kai\ tou=to peri\ ta\s mhte/ras sumbai/nei. tou/twn de/ tini kai\ th\n fili/an o(ri/zontai. pro\s e(auto\n de\ tou/twn e(/kaston tw=| e)pieikei= u(pa/rxei （toi=s de\ loipoi=s, h(=| toiou=toi u(polamba/nousin ei)=nai: e)/oike de/, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai, me/tron e(ka/stwn h( a)reth\ kai\ o( spoudai=os ei)=nai）: ou(=tos ga\r o(mognwmonei= e(autw=|, kai\ tw=n au)tw=n o)re/getai kata\ pa=san th\n yuxh/n: kai\ bou/letai dh\ e(autw=| ta)gaqa\ kai\ ta\ faino/mena kai\ pra/ttei （tou= ga\r a)gaqou= ta)gaqo\n diaponei=n） kai\ e(autou= e(/neka （tou= ga\r dianohtikou= xa/rin, o(/per e(/kastos ei)=nai dokei=）: kai\ zh=n de\ bou/letai e(auto\n kai\ sw/|zesqai, kai\ ma/lista tou=to w(=| fronei=. a)gaqo\n ga\r tw=| spoudai/w| to\ ei)=nai, e(/kastos d' e(autw=| bou/letai ta)gaqa/, geno/menos d' a)/llos ai(rei=tai ou)dei\s pa/nt' e)/xein e)kei=no to\ geno/menon （e)/xei ga\r kai\ nu=n o( qeo\s ta)gaqo/n） a)ll' w)\n o(/ ti pot' e)sti/n: do/ceie d' a)\n to\ noou=n e(/kastos ei)=nai h)\ ma/lista. sundia/gein te o( toiou=tos e(autw=| bou/letai: h(de/ws ga\r au)to\ poiei=: tw=n te ga\r pepragme/nwn e)piterpei=s ai( mnh=mai, kai\ tw=n mello/ntwn e)lpi/des a)gaqai/, ai( toiau=tai d' h(dei=ai. kai\ qewrhma/twn d' eu)porei= th=| dianoi/a|. sunalgei= te kai\ sunh/detai ma/lisq' e(autw=|: pa/ntote ga/r e)sti to\ au)to\ luphro/n te kai\ h(du/, kai\ ou)k a)/llot' a)/llo: a)metame/lhtos ga\r w(s ei)pei=n. tw=| dh\ pro\s au(to\n e(/kasta tou/twn u(pa/rxein tw=| e)pieikei=, pro\s de\ to\n fi/lon e)/xein w(/sper pro\s au(to/n （e)/sti ga\r o( fi/los a)/llos au)to/s）, kai\ h( fili/a tou/twn ei)=nai/ ti dokei=, kai\ fi/loi oi(=s tau=q' u(pa/rxei. pro\s au(to\n de\ po/teron e)/stin h)\ ou)k e)/sti fili/a, a)fei/sqw e)pi\ tou= paro/ntos: do/ceie d' a)\n tau/th| ei)=nai fili/a, h(=| e)sti\ du/o h)\ plei/w, e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn,
kai\ o(/ti h( u(perbolh\ th=s fili/as th=| pro\s au(to\n o(moiou=tai. fai/netai de\ ta\ ei)rhme/na kai\ toi=s polloi=s u(pa/rxein, kai/per ou)=si fau/lois. a)=r' ou)=n h(=| t' a)re/skousin e(autoi=s kai\ u(polamba/nousin e)pieikei=s ei)=nai, tau/th| mete/xousin au)tw=n; e)pei\ tw=n ge komidh=| fau/lwn kai\ a)nosiourgw=n ou)deni\ tau=q' u(pa/rxei, a)ll' ou)de\ fai/netai. sxedo\n de\ ou)de\ toi=s fau/lois: diafe/rontai ga\r e(autoi=s, kai\ e(te/rwn me\n e)piqumou=sin a)/lla de\ bou/lontai, oi(=on oi( a)kratei=s: ai(rou=ntai ga\r a)nti\ tw=n dokou/ntwn e(autoi=s a)gaqw=n ei)=nai ta\ h(de/a blabera\ o)/nta: oi(\ d' au)= dia\ deili/an kai\ a)rgi/an a)fi/stantai tou= pra/ttein a(\ oi)/ontai e(autoi=s be/ltista ei)=nai. oi(=s de\ polla\ kai\ deina\ pe/praktai kai\ dia\ th\n moxqhri/an misou=ntai, kai\ feu/gousi to\ zh=n kai\ a)nairou=sin e(autou/s. zhtou=si/ te oi( moxqhroi\ meq' w(=n sunhmereu/sousin, e(autou\s de\ feu/gousin: a)namimnh/skontai ga\r pollw=n kai\ dusxerw=n, kai\ toiau=q' e(/tera e)lpi/zousi, kaq' e(autou\s o)/ntes, meq' e(te/rwn d' o)/ntes e)pilanqa/nontai. ou)de/n te filhto\n e)/xontes ou)de\n filiko\n pa/sxousi pro\s e(autou/s. ou)de\ dh\ sugxai/rousin ou)de\ sunalgou=sin oi( toiou=toi e(autoi=s: stasia/zei ga\r au)tw=n h( yuxh/, kai\ to\ me\n dia\ moxqhri/an a)lgei= a)pexo/meno/n tinwn, to\ d' h(/detai, kai\ to\ me\n deu=ro to\ d' e)kei=se e(/lkei w(/sper diaspw=nta. ei) de\ mh\ oi(=o/n te a(/ma lupei=sqai kai\ h(/desqai, a)lla\ meta\ mikro/n ge lupei=tai o(/ti h(/sqh, kai\ ou)k a)\n e)bou/leto h(de/a tau=ta gene/sqai au(tw=|: metamelei/as ga\r oi( fau=loi ge/mousin. ou) dh\ fai/netai o( fau=los ou)de\ pro\s e(auto\n filikw=s diakei=sqai dia\ to\ mhde\n e)/xein filhto/n. ei) dh\ to\ ou(/tws e)/xein li/an e)sti\n a)/qlion, feukte/on th\n moxqhri/an diatetame/nws kai\ peirate/on e)pieikh= ei)=nai: ou(/tw ga\r kai\ pro\s e(auto\n filikw=s a)\n e)/xoi kai\ e(te/rw| fi/los ge/noito.
h( d' eu)/noia filikw=| me\n e)/oiken, ou) mh\n e)/sti ge fili/a: gi/netai ga\r eu)/noia kai\ pro\s a)gnw=tas kai\ lanqa/nousa, fili/a d' ou)/. kai\ pro/teron de\ tau=t' ei)/rhtai. a)ll' ou)de\ fi/lhsi/s e)stin. ou) ga\r e)/xei dia/tasin ou)d' o)/recin, th=| filh/sei de\ tau=t' a)kolouqei=: kai\ h( me\n fi/lhsis meta\ sunhqei/as, h( d' eu)/noia kai\ e)k prospai/ou, oi(=on kai\ peri\ tou\s a)gwnista\s sumbai/nei:
eu)=noi ga\r au)toi=s gi/nontai kai\ sunqe/lousin, sumpra/caien d' a)\n ou)de/n: o(/per ga\r ei)/pomen, prospai/ws eu)=noi gi/nontai kai\ e)pipolai/ws ste/rgousin. e)/oike dh\ a)rxh\ fili/as ei)=nai, w(/sper tou= e)ra=n h( dia\ th=s o)/yews h(donh/: mh\ ga\r prohsqei\s th=| i)de/a| ou)dei\s e)ra=|, o( de\ xai/rwn tw=| ei)/dei ou)de\n ma=llon e)ra=|, a)ll' o(/tan kai\ a)po/nta poqh=| kai\ th=s parousi/as e)piqumh=|: ou(/tw dh\ kai\ fi/lous ou)x oi(=o/n t' ei)=nai mh\ eu)/nous genome/nous, oi( d' eu)=noi ou)de\n ma=llon filou=sin: bou/lontai ga\r mo/non ta)gaqa\ oi(=s ei)si\n eu)=noi, sumpra/caien d' a)\n ou)de/n, ou)d' o)xlhqei=en u(pe\r au)tw=n. dio\ metafe/rwn fai/h tis a)\n au)th\n a)rgh\n ei)=nai fili/an, xronizome/nhn de\ kai\ ei)s sunh/qeian a)fiknoume/nhn gi/nesqai fili/an, ou) th\n dia\ to\ xrh/simon ou)de\ th\n dia\ to\ h(du/: ou)de\ ga\r eu)/noia e)pi\ tou/tois gi/netai. o( me\n ga\r eu)ergethqei\s a)nq' w(=n pe/ponqen a)pone/mei th\n eu)/noian, ta\ di/kaia drw=n: o( de\ boulo/meno/s tin' eu)pragei=n, e)lpi/da e)/xwn eu)pori/as di' e)kei/nou, ou)k e)/oik' eu)/nous e)kei/nw| ei)=nai, a)lla\ ma=llon e(autw=|, kaqa/per ou)de\ fi/los, ei) qerapeu/ei au)to\n dia/ tina xrh=sin. o(/lws d' eu)/noia di' a)reth\n kai\ e)piei/keia/n tina gi/netai, o(/tan tw| fanh=| kalo/s tis h)\ a)ndrei=os h)/ ti toiou=ton, kaqa/per kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)gwnistw=n ei)/pomen.
filiko\n de\ kai\ h( o(mo/noia fai/netai. dio/per ou)k e)/stin o(modoci/a: tou=to me\n ga\r kai\ a)gnoou=sin a)llh/lous u(pa/rceien a)/n: ou)de\ tou\s peri\ o(touou=n o(mognwmonou=ntas o(monoei=n fasi/n, oi(=on tou\s peri\ tw=n ou)rani/wn （ou) ga\r filiko\n to\ peri\ tou/twn o(monoei=n）, a)lla\ ta\s po/leis o(monoei=n fasi/n, o(/tan peri\ tw=n sumfero/ntwn o(mognwmonw=si kai\ tau)ta\ proairw=ntai kai\ pra/ttwsi ta\ koinh=| do/canta. peri\ ta\ prakta\ dh\ o(monoou=sin, kai\ tou/twn peri\ ta\ e)n mege/qei kai\ e)ndexo/mena a)mfoi=n u(pa/rxein h)\ pa=sin, oi(=on ai( po/leis, o(/tan pa=si dokh=| ta\s a)rxa\s ai(reta\s ei)=nai, h)\ summaxei=n *lakedaimoni/ois, h)\ a)/rxein *pittako\n o(/te kai\ au)to\s h)/qelen. o(/tan d' e(ka/teros e(auto\n bou/lhtai, w(/sper oi( e)n tai=s *foini/ssais, stasia/zousin: ou) ga/r e)stin o(monoei=n to\ au)to\ e(ka/teron e)nnoei=n o(dh/pote, a)lla\ to\ e)n tw=| au)tw=|, oi(=on o(/tan kai\ o( dh=mos
kai\ oi( e)pieikei=s tou\s a)ri/stous a)/rxein: ou(/tw ga\r pa=si gi/netai ou(= e)fi/entai. politikh\ dh\ fili/a fai/netai h( o(mo/noia, kaqa/per kai\ le/getai: peri\ ta\ sumfe/ronta ga/r e)sti kai\ ta\ ei)s to\n bi/on h(/konta. e)/sti d' h( toiau/th o(mo/noia e)n toi=s e)pieike/sin: ou(=toi ga\r kai\ e(autoi=s o(monoou=si kai\ a)llh/lois, e)pi\ tw=n au)tw=n o)/ntes w(s ei)pei=n （tw=n toiou/twn ga\r me/nei ta\ boulh/mata kai\ ou) metarrei= w(/sper eu)/ripos）, bou/lontai/ te ta\ di/kaia kai\ ta\ sumfe/ronta, tou/twn de\ kai\ koinh=| e)fi/entai. tou\s de\ fau/lous ou)x oi(=o/n te o(monoei=n plh\n e)pi\ mikro/n, kaqa/per kai\ fi/lous ei)=nai, pleoneci/as e)fieme/nous e)n toi=s w)feli/mois, e)n de\ toi=s po/nois kai\ tai=s leitourgi/ais e)llei/pontas: e(autw=| d' e(/kastos boulo/menos tau=ta to\n pe/las e)ceta/zei kai\ kwlu/ei: mh\ ga\r throu/ntwn to\ koino\n a)po/llutai. sumbai/nei ou)=n au)toi=s stasia/zein, a)llh/lous me\n e)panagka/zontas, au)tou\s de\ mh\ boulome/nous ta\ di/kaia poiei=n.
oi( d' eu)erge/tai tou\s eu)ergethqe/ntas dokou=si ma=llon filei=n h)\ oi( eu)= paqo/ntes tou\s dra/santas, kai\ w(s para\ lo/gon gino/menon e)pizhtei=tai. toi=s me\n ou)=n plei/stois fai/netai o(/ti oi(\ me\n o)fei/lousi toi=s de\ o)fei/letai: kaqa/per ou)=n e)pi\ tw=n danei/wn oi( me\n o)fei/lontes bou/lontai mh\ ei)=nai oi(=s o)fei/lousin, oi( de\ danei/santes kai\ e)pimelou=ntai th=s tw=n o)feilo/ntwn swthri/as, ou(/tw kai\ tou\s eu)ergeth/santas bou/lesqai ei)=nai tou\s paqo/ntas w(s komioume/nous ta\s xa/ritas, toi=s d' ou)k ei)=nai e)pimele\s to\ a)ntapodou=nai. *)epi/xarmos me\n ou)=n ta/x' a)\n fai/h tau=ta le/gein au)tou\s e)k ponhrou= qewme/nous, e)/oike d' a)nqrwpikw=|: a)mnh/mones ga\r oi( polloi/, kai\ ma=llon eu)= pa/sxein h)\ poiei=n e)fi/entai. do/ceie d' a)\n fusikw/teron ei)=nai to\ ai)/tion, kai\ ou)d' o(/moion to\ peri\ tou\s danei/santas: ou) ga/r e)sti fi/lhsis peri\ e)kei/nous, a)lla\ tou= sw/|zesqai bou/lhsis th=s komidh=s e(/neka: oi( d' eu)= pepoihko/tes filou=si kai\ a)gapw=si tou\s peponqo/tas ka)\n mhde\n w)=si xrh/simoi mhd' ei)s u(/steron ge/noint' a)/n. o(/per kai\ e)pi\ tw=n texnitw=n sumbe/bhken: pa=s ga\r to\ oi)kei=on e)/rgon a)gapa=| ma=llon h)\ a)gaphqei/h a)\n u(po\ tou= e)/rgou e)myu/xou genome/nou:
ma/lista d' i)/sws tou=to peri\ tou\s poihta\s sumbai/nei: u(peragapw=si ga\r ou(=toi ta\ oi)kei=a poih/mata, ste/rgontes w(/sper te/kna. toiou/tw| dh\ e)/oike kai\ to\ tw=n eu)ergetw=n: to\ ga\r eu)= peponqo\s e)/rgon e)sti\n au)tw=n: tou=to dh\ a)gapw=si ma=llon h)\ to\ e)/rgon to\n poih/santa. tou/tou d' ai)/tion o(/ti to\ ei)=nai pa=sin ai(reto\n kai\ filhto/n, e)sme\n d' e)nergei/a| （tw=| zh=n ga\r kai\ pra/ttein）, e)nergei/a| de\ o( poih/sas to\ e)/rgon e)/sti pws: ste/rgei dh\ to\ e)/rgon, dio/ti kai\ to\ ei)=nai. tou=to de\ fusiko/n: o(\ ga/r e)sti duna/mei, tou=to e)nergei/a| to\ e)/rgon mhnu/ei. a(/ma de\ kai\ tw=| me\n eu)erge/th| kalo\n to\ kata\ th\n pra=cin, w(/ste xai/rein e)n w(=| tou=to, tw=| de\ paqo/nti ou)de\n kalo\n e)n tw=| dra/santi, a)ll' ei)/per, sumfe/ron: tou=to d' h(=tton h(du\ kai\ filhto/n. h(dei=a d' e)sti\ tou= me\n paro/ntos h( e)ne/rgeia, tou= de\ me/llontos h( e)lpi/s, tou= de\ gegenhme/nou h( mnh/mh: h(/diston de\ to\ kata\ th\n e)ne/rgeian, kai\ filhto\n o(moi/ws. tw=| me\n ou)=n pepoihko/ti me/nei to\ e)/rgon （to\ kalo\n ga\r poluxro/nion）, tw=| de\ paqo/nti to\ xrh/simon paroi/xetai. h(/ te mnh/mh tw=n me\n kalw=n h(dei=a, tw=n de\ xrhsi/mwn ou) pa/nu h)\ h(=tton: h( prosdoki/a d' a)na/palin e)/xein e)/oiken. kai\ h( me\n fi/lhsis poih/sei e)/oiken, to\ filei=sqai de\ tw=| pa/sxein: toi=s u(pere/xousi de\ peri\ th\n pra=cin e(/petai to\ filei=n kai\ ta\ filika/. e)/ti de\ ta\ e)pipo/nws geno/mena pa/ntes ma=llon ste/rgousin, oi(=on kai\ ta\ xrh/mata oi( kthsa/menoi tw=n paralabo/ntwn: dokei= de\ to\ me\n eu)= pa/sxein a)/ponon ei)=nai, to\ d' eu)= poiei=n e)rgw=des. dia\ tau=ta de\ kai\ ai( mhte/res filotekno/terai: e)piponwte/ra ga\r h( ge/nnhsis, kai\ ma=llon i)/sasin o(/ti au(tw=n. do/ceie d' a)\n tou=to kai\ toi=s eu)erge/tais oi)kei=on ei)=nai.
a)porei=tai de\ kai\ po/teron dei= filei=n e(auto\n ma/lista h)\ a)/llon tina/. e)pitimw=si ga\r toi=s e(autou\s ma/list' a)gapw=si, kai\ w(s e)n ai)sxrw=| filau/tous a)pokalou=si, dokei= te o( me\n fau=los e(autou= xa/rin pa/nta pra/ttein, kai\ o(/sw| a)\n moxqhro/teros h)=|, tosou/tw| ma=llon—e)gkalou=si dh\ au)tw=| oi(=on o(/ti ou)de\n a)f' e(autou= pra/ttei—o( d' e)pieikh\s dia\ to\ kalo/n, kai\ o(/sw| a)\n belti/wn h)=|, ma=llon dia\ to\ kalo/n, kai\ fi/lou e(/neka, to\ d' au(tou= pari/hsin. toi=s lo/gois de\ tou/tois ta\ e)/rga diafwnei=, ou)k a)lo/gws.
fasi\ ga\r dei=n filei=n ma/lista to\n ma/lista fi/lon, fi/los de\ ma/lista o( boulo/menos w(=| bou/letai ta)gaqa\ e)kei/nou e(/neka, kai\ ei) mhdei\s ei)/setai: tau=ta d' u(pa/rxei ma/list' au)tw=| pro\s au(to/n, kai\ ta\ loipa\ dh\ pa/nq' oi(=s o( fi/los o(ri/zetai: ei)/rhtai ga\r o(/ti a)p' au)tou= pa/nta ta\ filika\ kai\ pro\s tou\s a)/llous dih/kei. kai\ ai( paroimi/ai de\ pa=sai o(mognwmonou=sin, oi(=on to\ mi/a yuxh/
kai\ koina\ ta\ fi/lwn
kai\ i)so/ths filo/ths
kai\ go/nu knh/mhs e)/ggion:
pa/nta ga\r tau=ta pro\s au(to\n ma/list' a)\n u(pa/rxoi: ma/lista ga\r fi/los au(tw=|: kai\ filhte/on dh\ ma/lisq' e(auto/n. a)porei=tai dh\ ei)ko/tws pote/rois xrew\n e(/pesqai, a)mfoi=n e)xo/ntoin to\ pisto/n. i)/sws ou)=n tou\s toiou/tous dei= tw=n lo/gwn diairei=n kai\ diori/zein e)f' o(/son e(ka/teroi kai\ ph=| a)lhqeu/ousin. ei) dh\ la/boimen to\ fi/lauton pw=s e(ka/teroi le/gousin, ta/x' a)\n ge/noito dh=lon. oi( me\n ou)=n ei)s o)/neidos a)/gontes au)to\ filau/tous kalou=si tou\s e(autoi=s a)pone/montas to\ plei=on e)n xrh/masi kai\ timai=s kai\ h(donai=s tai=s swmatikai=s: tou/twn ga\r oi( polloi\ o)re/gontai, kai\ e)spouda/kasi peri\ au)ta\ w(s a)/rista o)/nta, dio\ kai\ perima/xhta/ e)stin. oi( dh\ peri\ tau=ta pleone/ktai xari/zontai tai=s e)piqumi/ais kai\ o(/lws toi=s pa/qesi kai\ tw=| a)lo/gw| th=s yuxh=s: toiou=toi d' ei)si\n oi( polloi/: dio\ kai\ h( proshgori/a gege/nhtai a)po\ tou= pollou= fau/lou o)/ntos: dikai/ws dh\ toi=s ou(/tw filau/tois o)neidi/zetai. o(/ti de\ tou\s ta\ toiau=q' au(toi=s a)pone/montas ei)w/qasi le/gein oi( polloi\ filau/tous, ou)k a)/dhlon: ei) ga/r tis a)ei\ spouda/zoi ta\ di/kaia pra/ttein au)to\s ma/lista pa/ntwn h)\ ta\ sw/frona h)\ o(poiaou=n a)/lla tw=n kata\ ta\s a)reta/s, kai\ o(/lws a)ei\ to\ kalo\n e(autw=| peripoioi=to, ou)dei\s e)rei= tou=ton fi/lauton ou)de\ ye/cei. do/ceie d' a)\n o( toiou=tos ma=llon ei)=nai fi/lautos: a)pone/mei gou=n e(autw=| ta\ ka/llista kai\ ma/list' a)gaqa/, kai\ xari/zetai e(autou= tw=| kuriwta/tw|, kai\ pa/nta tou/tw| pei/qetai: w(/sper de\ kai\ po/lis to\ kuriw/taton ma/list' ei)=nai dokei= kai\ pa=n a)/llo su/sthma, ou(/tw kai\ a)/nqrwpos: kai\ fi/lautos dh\ ma/lista o( tou=to a)gapw=n kai\ tou/tw| xarizo/menos. kai\ e)gkrath\s de\ kai\ a)krath\s le/getai tw=| kratei=n to\n nou=n h)\ mh/, w(s tou/tou e(ka/stou o)/ntos:
kai\ peprage/nai dokou=sin au)toi\ kai\ e(kousi/ws ta\ meta\ lo/gou ma/lista. o(/ti me\n ou)=n tou=q' e(/kasto/s e)stin h)\ ma/lista, ou)k a)/dhlon, kai\ o(/ti o( e)pieikh\s ma/lista tou=t' a)gapa=|. dio\ fi/lautos ma/list' a)\n ei)/h, kaq' e(/teron ei)=dos tou= o)neidizome/nou, kai\ diafe/rwn tosou=ton o(/son to\ kata\ lo/gon zh=n tou= kata\ pa/qos, kai\ o)re/gesqai h)\ tou= kalou= h)\ tou= dokou=ntos sumfe/rein. tou\s me\n ou)=n peri\ ta\s kala\s pra/ceis diafero/ntws spouda/zontas pa/ntes a)pode/xontai kai\ e)painou=sin: pa/ntwn de\ a(millwme/nwn pro\s to\ kalo\n kai\ diateinome/nwn ta\ ka/llista pra/ttein koinh=| t' a)\n pa/nt' ei)/h ta\ de/onta kai\ i)di/a| e(ka/stw| ta\ me/gista tw=n a)gaqw=n, ei)/per h( a)reth\ toiou=to/n e)stin. w(/ste to\n me\n a)gaqo\n dei= fi/lauton ei)=nai （kai\ ga\r au)to\s o)nh/setai ta\ kala\ pra/ttwn kai\ tou\s a)/llous w)felh/sei）, to\n de\ moxqhro\n ou) dei=: bla/yei ga\r kai\ e(auto\n kai\ tou\s pe/las, fau/lois pa/qesin e(po/menos. tw=| moxqhrw=| me\n ou)=n diafwnei= a(\ dei= pra/ttein kai\ a(\ pra/ttei: o( d' e)pieikh/s, a(\ dei=, tau=ta kai\ pra/ttei: pa=s ga\r nou=s ai(rei=tai to\ be/ltiston e(autw=|, o( d' e)pieikh\s peiqarxei= tw=| nw=|. a)lhqe\s de\ peri\ tou= spoudai/ou kai\ to\ tw=n fi/lwn e(/neka polla\ pra/ttein kai\ th=s patri/dos, ka)\n de/h| u(perapoqnh/skein: proh/setai ga\r kai\ xrh/mata kai\ tima\s kai\ o(/lws ta\ perima/xhta a)gaqa/, peripoiou/menos e(autw=| to\ kalo/n: o)li/gon ga\r xro/non h(sqh=nai sfo/dra ma=llon e(/loit' a)\n h)\ polu\n h)re/ma, kai\ biw=sai kalw=s e)niauto\n h)\ po/ll' e)/th tuxo/ntws, kai\ mi/an pra=cin kalh\n kai\ mega/lhn h)\ polla\s kai\ mikra/s. toi=s d' u(perapoqnh/skousi tou=t' i)/sws sumbai/nei: ai(rou=ntai dh\ me/ga kalo\n e(autoi=s. kai\ xrh/mata prooi=nt' a)\n e)f' w(=| plei/ona lh/yontai oi( fi/loi: gi/netai ga\r tw=| me\n fi/lw| xrh/mata, au)tw=| de\ to\ kalo/n: to\ dh\ mei=zon a)gaqo\n e(autw=| a)pone/mei. kai\ peri\ tima\s de\ kai\ a)rxa\s o( au)to\s tro/pos: pa/nta ga\r tw=| fi/lw| tau=ta proh/setai: kalo\n ga\r au)tw=| tou=to kai\ e)paineto/n. ei)ko/tws dh\ dokei= spoudai=os ei)=nai, a)nti\ pa/ntwn ai(rou/menos to\ kalo/n. e)nde/xetai de\ kai\ pra/ceis tw=| fi/lw| proi/+esqai, kai\ ei)=nai ka/llion tou= au)to\n pra=cai to\ ai)/tion tw=| fi/lw| gene/sqai. e)n pa=si dh\ toi=s e)painetoi=s o( spoudai=os fai/netai e(autw=| tou= kalou= ple/on ne/mwn.
ou(/tw me\n ou)=n fi/lauton ei)=nai dei=, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai: w(s d' oi( polloi/, ou) xrh/.
a)mfisbhtei=tai de\ kai\ peri\ to\n eu)dai/mona, ei) deh/setai fi/lwn h)\ mh/. ou)qe\n ga/r fasi dei=n fi/lwn toi=s makari/ois kai\ au)ta/rkesin: u(pa/rxein ga\r au)toi=s ta)gaqa/: au)ta/rkeis ou)=n o)/ntas ou)deno\s prosdei=sqai, to\n de\ fi/lon, e(/teron au)to\n o)/nta, pori/zein a(\ di' au(tou= a)dunatei=: o(/qen o(/tan o( dai/mwn eu)= didw=|, ti/ dei= fi/lwn;
Eur. Orest. 665 e)/oike d' a)to/pw| to\ pa/nt' a)pone/montas ta)gaqa\ tw=| eu)dai/moni fi/lous mh\ a)podido/nai, o(\ dokei= tw=n e)kto\s a)gaqw=n me/giston ei)=nai. ei)/ te fi/lou ma=llo/n e)sti to\ eu)= poiei=n h)\ pa/sxein, kai\ e)/sti tou= a)gaqou= kai\ th=s a)reth=s to\ eu)ergetei=n, ka/llion d' eu)= poiei=n fi/lous o)qnei/wn, tw=n eu)= peisome/nwn deh/setai o( spoudai=os. dio\ kai\ e)pizhtei=tai po/teron e)n eu)tuxi/ais ma=llon dei= fi/lwn h)\ e)n a)tuxi/ais, w(s kai\ tou= a)tuxou=ntos deome/nou tw=n eu)ergethso/ntwn kai\ tw=n eu)tuxou/ntwn ou(\s eu)= poih/sousin. a)/topon d' i)/sws kai\ to\ monw/thn poiei=n to\n maka/rion: ou)dei\s ga\r e(/loit' a)\n kaq' au(to\n ta\ pa/nt' e)/xein a)gaqa/: politiko\n ga\r o( a)/nqrwpos kai\ suzh=n pefuko/s. kai\ tw=| eu)dai/moni dh\ tou=q' u(pa/rxei: ta\ ga\r th=| fu/sei a)gaqa\ e)/xei, dh=lon d' w(s meta\ fi/lwn kai\ e)pieikw=n krei=tton h)\ met' o)qnei/wn kai\ tw=n tuxo/ntwn sunhmereu/ein. dei= a)/ra tw=| eu)dai/moni fi/lwn. ti/ ou)=n le/gousin oi( prw=toi, kai\ ph=| a)lhqeu/ousin; h)\ o(/ti oi( polloi\ fi/lous oi)/ontai tou\s xrhsi/mous ei)=nai; tw=n toiou/twn me\n ou)=n ou)de\n deh/setai o( maka/rios, e)peidh\ ta)gaqa\ u(pa/rxei au)tw=|: ou)de\ dh\ tw=n dia\ to\ h(du/, h)\ e)pi\ mikro/n （h(du\s ga\r o( bi/os w)\n ou)de\n dei=tai e)peisa/ktou h(donh=s）: ou) deo/menos de\ tw=n toiou/twn fi/lwn ou) dokei= dei=sqai fi/lwn. to\ d' ou)k e)/stin i)/sws a)lhqe/s. e)n a)rxh=| ga\r ei)/rhtai o(/ti h( eu)daimoni/a e)ne/rgeia/ tis e)sti/n, h( d' e)ne/rgeia dh=lon o(/ti gi/netai kai\ ou)x u(pa/rxei w(/sper kth=ma/ ti. ei) de\ to\ eu)daimonei=n e)sti\n e)n tw=| zh=n kai\ e)nergei=n, tou= d' a)gaqou= h( e)ne/rgeia spoudai/a kai\ h(dei=a kaq' au(th/n, kaqa/per e)n a)rxh=| ei)/rhtai, e)/sti de\ kai\ to\ oi)kei=on tw=n h(de/wn, qewrei=n de\ ma=llon tou\s pe/las duna/meqa h)\ e(autou\s kai\ ta\s e)kei/nwn pra/ceis h)\ ta\s oi)kei/as, ai( tw=n spoudai/wn de\ pra/ceis fi/lwn o)/ntwn h(dei=ai toi=s a)gaqoi=s
（a)/mfw ga\r e)/xousi ta\ th=| fu/sei h(de/a）: o( maka/rios dh\ fi/lwn toiou/twn deh/setai, ei)/per qewrei=n proairei=tai pra/ceis e)pieikei=s kai\ oi)kei/as, toiau=tai d' ai( tou= a)gaqou= fi/lou o)/ntos. oi)/ontai/ te dei=n h(de/ws zh=n to\n eu)dai/mona. monw/th| me\n ou)=n xalepo\s o( bi/os: ou) ga\r r(a/|dion kaq' au(to\n e)nergei=n sunexw=s, meq' e(te/rwn de\ kai\ pro\s a)/llous r(a=|on. e)/stai ou)=n h( e)ne/rgeia sunexeste/ra, h(dei=a ou)=sa kaq' au(th/n, o(\ dei= peri\ to\n maka/rion ei)=nai: o( ga\r spoudai=os, h(=| spoudai=os, tai=s kat' a)reth\n pra/cesi xai/rei, tai=s d' a)po\ kaki/as dusxerai/nei, kaqa/per o( mousiko\s toi=s kaloi=s me/lesin h(/detai, e)pi\ de\ toi=s fau/lois lupei=tai. gi/noito d' a)\n kai\ a)/skhsi/s tis th=s a)reth=s e)k tou= suzh=n toi=s a)gaqoi=s, kaqa/per kai\ *qe/ogni/s fhsin. fusikw/teron d' e)piskopou=sin e)/oiken o( spoudai=os fi/los tw=| spoudai/w| th=| fu/sei ai(reto\s ei)=nai. to\ ga\r th=| fu/sei a)gaqo\n ei)/rhtai o(/ti tw=| spoudai/w| a)gaqo\n kai\ h(du/ e)sti kaq' au(to/. to\ de\ zh=n o(ri/zontai toi=s zw/|ois duna/mei ai)sqh/sews, a)nqrw/pois d' ai)sqh/sews h)\ noh/sews: h( de\ du/namis ei)s th\n e)ne/rgeian a)na/getai, to\ de\ ku/rion e)n th=| e)nergei/a|: e)/oike dh\ to\ zh=n ei)=nai kuri/ws to\ ai)sqa/nesqai h)\ noei=n. to\ de\ zh=n tw=n kaq' au(to\ a)gaqw=n kai\ h(de/wn: w(risme/non ga/r, to\ d' w(risme/non th=s ta)gaqou= fu/sews: to\ de\ th=| fu/sei a)gaqo\n kai\ tw=| e)pieikei=: dio/per e)/oike pa=sin h(du\ ei)=nai: ou) dei= de\ lamba/nein moxqhra\n zwh\n kai\ diefqarme/nhn, ou)d' e)n lu/pais: a)o/ristos ga\r h( toiau/th, kaqa/per ta\ u(pa/rxonta au)th=|. e)n toi=s e)xome/nois de\ peri\ th=s lu/phs e)/stai fanerw/teron. ei) d' au)to\ to\ zh=n a)gaqo\n kai\ h(du/ （e)/oike de\ kai\ e)k tou= pa/ntas o)re/gesqai au)tou=, kai\ ma/lista tou\s e)pieikei=s kai\ makari/ous: tou/tois ga\r o( bi/os ai(retw/tatos, kai\ h( tou/twn makariwta/th zwh/）, o( d' o(rw=n o(/ti o(ra=| ai)sqa/netai kai\ o( a)kou/wn o(/ti a)kou/ei kai\ o( badi/zwn o(/ti badi/zei, kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn o(moi/ws e)/sti ti to\ ai)sqano/menon o(/ti e)nergou=men, w(/ste a)\n ai)sqanw/meq', o(/ti ai)sqano/meqa, ka)\n now=men, o(/ti noou=men, to\ d' o(/ti ai)sqano/meqa h)\ noou=men, o(/ti e)sme/n （to\ ga\r ei)=nai h)=n ai)sqa/nesqai h)\ noei=n）,
to\ d' ai)sqa/nesqai o(/ti zh=|, tw=n h(de/wn kaq' au(to/ （fu/sei ga\r a)gaqo\n zwh/, to\ d' a)gaqo\n u(pa/rxon e)n e(autw=| ai)sqa/nesqai h(du/）, ai(reto\n de\ to\ zh=n kai\ ma/lista toi=s a)gaqoi=s, o(/ti to\ ei)=nai a)gaqo/n e)stin au)toi=s kai\ h(du/ （sunaisqano/menoi ga\r tou= kaq' au(to\ a)gaqou= h(/dontai）, w(s de\ pro\s e(auto\n e)/xei o( spoudai=os, kai\ pro\s to\n fi/lon （e(/teros ga\r au)to\s o( fi/los e)sti/n）: kaqa/per ou)=n to\ au)to\n ei)=nai ai(reto/n e)stin e(ka/stw|, ou(/tw kai\ to\ to\n fi/lon, h)\ paraplhsi/ws. to\ d' ei)=nai h)=n ai(reto\n dia\ to\ ai)sqa/nesqai au(tou= a)gaqou= o)/ntos, h( de\ toiau/th ai)/sqhsis h(dei=a kaq' e(auth/n. sunaisqa/nesqai a)/ra dei= kai\ tou= fi/lou o(/ti e)/stin, tou=to de\ gi/noit' a)\n e)n tw=| suzh=n kai\ koinwnei=n lo/gwn kai\ dianoi/as: ou(/tw ga\r a)\n do/ceie to\ suzh=n e)pi\ tw=n a)nqrw/pwn le/gesqai, kai\ ou)x w(/sper e)pi\ tw=n boskhma/twn to\ e)n tw=| au)tw=| ne/mesqai. ei) dh\ tw=| makari/w| to\ ei)=nai ai(reto/n e)sti kaq' au(to/, a)gaqo\n th=| fu/sei o)\n kai\ h(du/, paraplh/sion de\ kai\ to\ tou= fi/lou e)sti/n, ka)\n o( fi/los tw=n ai(retw=n ei)/h. o(\ d' e)sti\n au)tw=| ai(reto/n, tou=to dei= u(pa/rxein au)tw=|, h)\ tau/th| e)ndeh\s e)/stai. deh/sei a)/ra tw=| eu)daimonh/sonti fi/lwn spoudai/wn.
a)=r' ou)=n w(s plei/stous fi/lous poihte/on, h)\ kaqa/per e)pi\ th=s ceni/as e)mmelw=s ei)rh=sqai dokei= mh/te polu/ceinos mh/t' a)/ceinos,
Hes. WD 715 kai\ e)pi\ th=s fili/as a(rmo/sei mh/t' a)/filon ei)=nai mh/t' au)= polu/filon kaq' u(perbolh/n; toi=s me\n dh\ pro\s xrh=sin ka)\n pa/nu do/ceien a(rmo/zein to\ lexqe/n: polloi=s ga\r a)nquphretei=n e)pi/ponon, kai\ ou)x i(kano\s o( bi/os au)to\ tou=to pra/ttein. oi( plei/ous dh\ tw=n pro\s to\n oi)kei=on bi/on i(kanw=n peri/ergoi kai\ e)mpo/dioi pro\s to\ kalw=s zh=n: ou)qe\n ou)=n dei= au)tw=n. kai\ oi( pro\s h(donh\n de\ a)rkou=sin o)li/goi, kaqa/per e)n th=| trofh=| to\ h(/dusma. tou\s de\ spoudai/ous po/teron plei/stous kat' a)riqmo/n, h)\ e)/sti ti me/tron kai\ filikou= plh/qous, w(/sper po/lews; ou)/te ga\r e)k de/ka a)nqrw/pwn ge/noit' a)\n po/lis, ou)/t' e)k de/ka muria/dwn e)/ti po/lis e)sti/n. to\ de\ poso\n ou)k e)/stin i)/sws e(/n ti, a)lla\ pa=n to\ metacu\ tinw=n w(risme/nwn.
kai\ fi/lwn dh/ e)sti plh=qos w(risme/non, kai\ i)/sws oi( plei=stoi meq' w(=n a)\n du/naito/ tis suzh=n （tou=to ga\r e)do/kei filikw/taton ei)=nai）: o(/ti d' ou)x oi(=o/n te polloi=s suzh=n kai\ diane/mein e(auto/n, ou)k a)/dhlon. e)/ti de\ ka)kei/nous dei= a)llh/lois fi/lous ei)=nai, ei) me/llousi pa/ntes met' a)llh/lwn sunhmereu/ein: tou=to d' e)rgw=des e)n polloi=s u(pa/rxein. xalepo\n de\ gi/netai kai\ to\ sugxai/rein kai\ to\ sunalgei=n oi)kei/ws polloi=s: ei)ko\s ga\r sumpi/ptein a(/ma tw=| me\n sunh/desqai tw=| de\ suna/xqesqai. i)/sws ou)=n eu)= e)/xei mh\ zhtei=n w(s polufilw/taton ei)=nai, a)lla\ tosou/tous o(/soi ei)s to\ suzh=n i(kanoi/: ou)de\ ga\r e)nde/xesqai do/ceien a)\n polloi=s ei)=nai fi/lon sfo/dra. dio/per ou)d' e)ra=n pleio/nwn: u(perbolh\ ga/r tis ei)=nai bou/letai fili/as, tou=to de\ pro\s e(/na: kai\ to\ sfo/dra dh\ pro\s o)li/gous. ou(/tw d' e)/xein e)/oike kai\ e)pi\ tw=n pragma/twn: ou) gi/nontai ga\r fi/loi polloi\ kata\ th\n e(tairikh\n fili/an, ai( d' u(mnou/menai e)n dusi\ le/gontai. oi( de\ polu/filoi kai\ pa=sin oi)kei/ws e)ntugxa/nontes ou)deni\ dokou=sin ei)=nai fi/loi, plh\n politikw=s, ou(\s kai\ kalou=sin a)re/skous. politikw=s me\n ou)=n e)/sti polloi=s ei)=nai fi/lon kai\ mh\ a)/reskon o)/nta, a)ll' w(s a)lhqw=s e)pieikh=: di' a)reth\n de\ kai\ di' au)tou\s ou)k e)/sti pro\s pollou/s, a)gaphto\n de\ kai\ o)li/gous eu(rei=n toiou/tous.
po/teron d' e)n eu)tuxi/ais ma=llon fi/lwn dei= h)\ e)n dustuxi/ais; e)n a)mfoi=n ga\r e)pizhtou=ntai: oi(/ te ga\r a)tuxou=ntes de/ontai e)pikouri/as, oi(/ t' eu)tuxou=ntes sumbi/wn kai\ ou(\s eu)= poih/sousin: bou/lontai ga\r eu)= dra=n. a)nagkaio/teron me\n dh\ e)n tai=s a)tuxi/ais, dio\ tw=n xrhsi/mwn e)ntau=qa dei=, ka/llion d' e)n tai=s eu)tuxi/ais, dio\ kai\ tou\s e)pieikei=s zhtou=sin: tou/tous ga\r ai(retw/teron eu)ergetei=n kai\ meta\ tou/twn dia/gein. e)/sti ga\r kai\ h( parousi/a au)th\ tw=n fi/lwn h(dei=a kai\ e)n tai=s eu)tuxi/ais kai\ e)n tai=s dustuxi/ais. koufi/zontai ga\r oi( lupou/menoi sunalgou/ntwn tw=n fi/lwn. dio\ ka)\n a)porh/seie/n tis po/teron w(/sper ba/rous metalamba/nousin, h)\ tou=to me\n ou)/, h( parousi/a d' au)tw=n h(dei=a ou)=sa kai\ h( e)/nnoia tou= sunalgei=n e)la/ttw th\n lu/phn poiei=. ei) me\n ou)=n dia\ tau=ta h)\ di' a)/llo ti koufi/zontai, a)fei/sqw: sumbai/nein d' ou)=n fai/netai to\ lexqe/n. e)/oike d' h( parousi/a mikth/ tis au)tw=n ei)=nai. au)to\ me\n ga\r to\ o(ra=n tou\s fi/lous h(du/,
a)/llws te kai\ a)tuxou=nti, kai\ gi/netai/ tis e)pikouri/a pro\s to\ mh\ lupei=sqai （paramuqhtiko\n ga\r o( fi/los kai\ th=| o)/yei kai\ tw=| lo/gw|, e)a\n h)=| e)pide/cios: oi)=de ga\r to\ h)=qos kai\ e)f' oi(=s h(/detai kai\ lupei=tai）: to\ de\ lupou/menon ai)sqa/nesqai e)pi\ tai=s au(tou= a)tuxi/ais luphro/n: pa=s ga\r feu/gei lu/phs ai)/tios ei)=nai toi=s fi/lois. dio/per oi( me\n a)ndrw/deis th\n fu/sin eu)labou=ntai sullupei=n tou\s fi/lous au(toi=s, ka)\n mh\ u(pertei/nh| th=| a)lupi/a|, th\n e)kei/nois ginome/nhn lu/phn ou)x u(pome/nei, o(/lws te sunqrh/nous ou) prosi/etai dia\ to\ mhd' au)to\s ei)=nai qrhnhtiko/s: gu/naia de\ kai\ oi( toiou=toi a)/ndres toi=s suste/nousi xai/rousi, kai\ filou=sin w(s fi/lous kai\ sunalgou=ntas. mimei=sqai d' e)n a(/pasi dei= dh=lon o(/ti to\n belti/w. h( d' e)n tai=s eu)tuxi/ais tw=n fi/lwn parousi/a th/n te diagwgh\n h(dei=an e)/xei kai\ th\n e)/nnoian o(/ti h(/dontai e)pi\ toi=s au(tou= a)gaqoi=s.. dio\ do/ceien a)\n dei=n ei)s me\n ta\s eu)tuxi/as kalei=n tou\s fi/lous proqu/mws （eu)ergetiko\n ga\r ei)=nai kalo/n）, ei)s de\ ta\s a)tuxi/as o)knou=nta: metadido/nai ga\r w(s h(/kista dei= tw=n kakw=n, o(/qen to\ a(/lis e)gw\ dustuxw=n.
ma/lista de\ paraklhte/on o(/tan me/llwsin o)li/ga o)xlhqe/ntes mega/l' au)to\n w)felh/sein. i)e/nai d' a)na/palin i)/sws a(rmo/zei pro\s me\n tou\s a)tuxou=ntas a)/klhton kai\ proqu/mws （fi/lou ga\r eu)= poiei=n, kai\ ma/lista tou\s e)n xrei/a| kai\ to\ mh\ a)ciw/santas: a)mfoi=n ga\r ka/llion kai\ h(/dion）, ei)s de\ ta\s eu)tuxi/as sunergou=nta me\n proqu/mws （kai\ ga\r ei)s tau=ta xrei/a fi/lwn）, pro\s eu)pa/qeian de\ sxolai/ws: ou) ga\r kalo\n to\ proqumei=sqai w)felei=sqai. do/can d' a)hdi/as e)n tw=| diwqei=sqai i)/sws eu)labhte/on: e)ni/ote ga\r sumbai/nei. h( parousi/a dh\ tw=n fi/lwn e)n a(/pasin ai(reth\ fai/netai.
a)=r' ou)=n, w(/sper toi=s e)rw=si to\ o(ra=n a)gaphto/tato/n e)sti kai\ ma=llon ai(rou=ntai tau/thn th\n ai)/sqhsin h)\ ta\s loipa\s w(s kata\ tau/thn ma/lista tou= e)/rwtos o)/ntos kai\ ginome/nou, ou(/tw kai\ toi=s fi/lois ai(retw/tato/n e)sti to\ suzh=n; koinwni/a ga\r h( fili/a, kai\ w(s pro\s e(auto\n e)/xei, ou(/tw kai\ pro\s to\n fi/lon: peri\ au(to\n d' h( ai)/sqhsis o(/ti e)/stin ai(reth/, kai\ peri\ to\n fi/lon dh/: h( d' e)ne/rgeia gi/netai au)th=s e)n tw=| suzh=n,
w(/st' ei)ko/tws tou/tou e)fi/entai. kai\ o(/ pot' e)sti\n e(ka/stois to\ ei)=nai h)\ ou(= xa/rin ai(rou=ntai to\ zh=n, e)n tou/tw| meta\ tw=n fi/lwn bou/lontai dia/gein: dio/per oi(\ me\n sumpi/nousin, oi(\ de\ sugkubeu/ousin, a)/lloi de\ suggumna/zontai kai\ sugkunhgou=sin h)\ sumfilosofou=sin, e(/kastoi e)n tou/tw| sunhmereu/ontes o(/ ti per ma/list' a)gapw=si tw=n e)n tw=| bi/w|: suzh=n ga\r boulo/menoi meta\ tw=n fi/lwn, tau=ta poiou=si kai\ tou/twn koinwnou=sin oi(=s oi)/ontai suzh=n. gi/netai ou)=n h( me\n tw=n fau/lwn fili/a moxqhra/ （koinwnou=si ga\r fau/lwn a)be/baioi o)/ntes, kai\ moxqhroi\ de\ gi/nontai o(moiou/menoi a)llh/lois）, h( de\ tw=n e)pieikw=n e)pieikh/s, sunaucanome/nh tai=s o(mili/ais: dokou=si de\ kai\ belti/ous gi/nesqai e)nergou=ntes kai\ diorqou=ntes a)llh/lous: a)poma/ttontai ga\r par' a)llh/lwn oi(=s a)re/skontai, o(/qen e)sqlw=n me\n ga\r a)/p' e)sqla/.
peri\ me\n ou)=n fili/as e)pi\ tosou=ton ei)rh/sqw: e(po/menon d' a)\n ei)/h dielqei=n peri\ h(donh=s.
Book 10
meta\ de\ tau=ta peri\ h(donh=s i)/sws e(/petai dielqei=n. ma/lista ga\r dokei= sunw|keiw=sqai tw=| ge/nei h(mw=n, dio\ paideu/ousi tou\s ne/ous oi)aki/zontes h(donh=| kai\ lu/ph|: dokei= de\ kai\ pro\s th\n tou= h)/qous a)reth\n me/giston ei)=nai to\ xai/rein oi(=s dei= kai\ misei=n a(\ dei=. diatei/nei ga\r tau=ta dia\ panto\s tou= bi/ou, r(oph\n e)/xonta kai\ du/namin pro\s a)reth/n te kai\ to\n eu)dai/mona bi/on: ta\ me\n ga\r h(de/a proairou=ntai, ta\ de\ luphra\ feu/gousin: u(pe\r de\ tw=n toiou/twn h(/kist' a)\n do/ceie parete/on ei)=nai, a)/llws te kai\ pollh\n e)xo/ntwn a)mfisbh/thsin. oi(\ me\n ga\r ta)gaqo\n h(donh\n le/gousin, oi(\ d' e)c e)nanti/as komidh=| fau=lon, oi(\ me\n i)/sws pepeisme/noi ou(/tw kai\ e)/xein, oi(\ de\ oi)o/menoi be/ltion ei)=nai pro\s to\n bi/on h(mw=n a)pofai/nein th\n h(donh\n tw=n fau/lwn, kai\ ei) mh\ e)sti/n: r(e/pein ga\r tou\s pollou\s pro\s au)th\n kai\ douleu/ein tai=s h(donai=s, dio\ dei=n ei)s tou)nanti/on a)/gein: e)lqei=n ga\r a)\n ou(/tws e)pi\ to\ me/son. mh/ pote de\ ou) kalw=s tou=to le/getai. oi( ga\r peri\ tw=n e)n toi=s pa/qesi kai\ tai=s pra/cesi lo/goi h(=tto/n ei)si pistoi\ tw=n e)/rgwn: o(/tan ou)=n diafwnw=si toi=s kata\ th\n ai)/sqhsin, katafronou/menoi kai\ ta)lhqe\s prosanairou=sin:
o( ga\r ye/gwn th\n h(donh/n, o)fqei/s pot' e)fie/menos, a)pokli/nein dokei= pro\s au)th\n w(s toiau/thn ou)=san a(/pasan: to\ diori/zein ga\r ou)k e)/sti tw=n pollw=n. e)oi/kasin ou)=n oi( a)lhqei=s tw=n lo/gwn ou) mo/non pro\s to\ ei)de/nai xrhsimw/tatoi ei)=nai, a)lla\ kai\ pro\s to\n bi/on: sunw|doi\ ga\r o)/ntes toi=s e)/rgois pisteu/ontai, dio\ protre/pontai tou\s sunie/ntas zh=n kat' au)tou/s. tw=n me\n ou)=n toiou/twn a(/lis: ta\ d' ei)rhme/na peri\ th=s h(donh=s e)pe/lqwmen.
eu)/docos me\n ou)=n th\n h(donh\n ta)gaqo\n w)/|et' ei)=nai dia\ to\ pa/nq' o(ra=n e)fie/mena au)th=s, kai\ e)/lloga kai\ a)/loga, e)n pa=si d' ei)=nai to\ ai(reto\n to\ e)pieike/s, kai\ to\ ma/lista kra/tiston: to\ dh\ pa/nt' e)pi\ tau)to\ fe/resqai mhnu/ein w(s pa=si tou=to a)/riston o)/n （e(/kaston ga\r to\ au(tw=| a)gaqo\n eu(ri/skein, w(/sper kai\ trofh/n）, to\ de\ pa=sin a)gaqo/n, kai\ ou(= pa/nt' e)fi/etai, ta)gaqo\n ei)=nai. e)pisteu/onto d' oi( lo/goi dia\ th\n tou= h)/qous a)reth\n ma=llon h)\ di' au(tou/s: diafero/ntws ga\r e)do/kei sw/frwn ei)=nai: ou) dh\ w(s fi/los th=s h(donh=s e)do/kei tau=ta le/gein, a)ll' ou(/tws e)/xein kat' a)lh/qeian. ou)x h(=tton d' w)/|et' ei)=nai fanero\n e)k tou= e)nanti/ou: th\n ga\r lu/phn kaq' au(to\ pa=si feukto\n ei)=nai, o(moi/ws dh\ tou)nanti/on ai(reto/n: ma/lista d' ei)=nai ai(reto\n o(\ mh\ di' e(/teron mhd' e(te/rou xa/rin ai(rou/meqa: toiou=to d' o(mologoume/nws ei)=nai th\n h(donh/n: ou)de/na ga\r e)perwta=n ti/nos e(/neka h(/detai, w(s kaq' au(th\n ou)=san ai(reth\n th\n h(donh/n. prostiqeme/nhn te o(tw|ou=n tw=n a)gaqw=n ai(retw/teron poiei=n, oi(=on tw=| dikaiopragei=n kai\ swfronei=n, au)/cesqai de\ to\ a)gaqo\n au(tw=|. e)/oike dh\ ou(=to/s ge o( lo/gos tw=n a)gaqw=n au)th\n a)pofai/nein, kai\ ou)de\n ma=llon e(te/rou: pa=n ga\r meq' e(te/rou a)gaqou= ai(retw/teron h)\ monou/menon. toiou/tw| dh\ lo/gw| kai\ *pla/twn a)nairei= o(/ti ou)k e)/stin h(donh\ ta)gaqo/n: ai(retw/teron ga\r ei)=nai to\n h(du\n bi/on meta\ fronh/sews h)\ xwri/s, ei) de\ to\ mikto\n krei=tton, ou)k ei)=nai th\n h(donh\n ta)gaqo/n: ou)deno\s ga\r prosteqe/ntos au)tw=| ta)gaqo\n ai(retw/teron gi/nesqai. dh=lon d' w(s ou)d' a)/llo ou)de\n ta)gaqo\n a)\n ei)/h, o(\ meta/ tinos tw=n kaq' au(to\ a)gaqw=n ai(retw/teron gi/netai. ti/ ou)=n e)sti\ toiou=ton, ou(= kai\ h(mei=s koinwnou=men; toiou=ton ga\r e)pizhtei=tai. oi( d' e)nista/menoi w(s ou)k a)gaqo\n ou(= pa/nt' e)fi/etai, mh\ ou)qe\n le/gousin.
a(\ ga\r pa=si dokei=, tau=t' ei)=nai/ famen: o( d' a)nairw=n tau/thn th\n pi/stin ou) pa/nu pisto/tera e)rei=. ei) me\n ga\r ta\ a)no/hta o)re/getai au)tw=n, h)=n a)/n ti lego/menon, ei) de\ kai\ ta\ fro/nima, pw=s le/goien a)/n ti; i)/sws de\ kai\ e)n toi=s fau/lois e)/sti ti fusiko\n a)gaqo\n krei=tton h)\ kaq' au(ta/, o(\ e)fi/etai tou= oi)kei/ou a)gaqou=. ou)k e)/oike de\ ou)de\ peri\ tou= e)nanti/ou kalw=s le/gesqai. ou) ga/r fasin, ei) h( lu/ph kako/n e)sti, th\n h(donh\n a)gaqo\n ei)=nai: a)ntikei=sqai ga\r kai\ kako\n kakw=| kai\ a)/mfw tw=| mhdete/rw|—le/gontes tau=ta ou) kakw=s, ou) mh\n e)pi/ ge tw=n ei)rhme/nwn a)lhqeu/ontes. a)mfoi=n ga\r o)/ntoin tw=n kakw=n kai\ feukta\ e)/dei a)/mfw ei)=nai, tw=n mhdete/rwn de\ mhde/teron h)\ o(moi/ws: nu=n de\ fai/nontai th\n me\n feu/gontes w(s kako/n, th\n d' ai(rou/menoi w(s a)gaqo/n: ou(/tw dh\ kai\ a)nti/keitai. ou) mh\n ou)d' ei) mh\ tw=n poioth/twn e)sti\n h( h(donh/, dia\ tou=t' ou)de\ tw=n a)gaqw=n: ou)de\ ga\r ai( th=s a)reth=s e)ne/rgeiai poio/thte/s ei)sin, ou)d' h( eu)daimoni/a. le/gousi de\ to\ me\n a)gaqo\n w(ri/sqai, th\n d' h(donh\n a)o/riston ei)=nai, o(/ti de/xetai to\ ma=llon kai\ to\ h(=tton. ei) me\n ou)=n e)k tou= h(/desqai tou=to kri/nousi, kai\ peri\ th\n dikaiosu/nhn kai\ ta\s a)/llas a)reta/s, kaq' a(\s e)nargw=s fasi\ ma=llon kai\ h(=tton tou\s poiou\s u(pa/rxein kai\ pra/ttein kata\ ta\s a)reta/s, e)/stai tau)ta/: di/kaioi ga/r ei)si ma=llon kai\ a)ndrei=oi, e)/sti de\ kai\ dikaiopragei=n kai\ swfronei=n ma=llon kai\ h(=tton. ei) de\ tai=s h(donai=s, mh/ pot' ou) le/gousi to\ ai)/tion, a)\n w)=sin ai(\ me\n a)migei=s ai(\ de\ miktai/. kai\ ti/ kwlu/ei, kaqa/per u(gi/eia w(risme/nh ou)=sa de/xetai to\ ma=llon kai\ to\ h(=tton, ou(/tw kai\ th\n h(donh/n; ou) ga\r h( au)th\ summetri/a e)n pa=si/n e)stin, ou)d' e)n tw=| au)tw=| mi/a tis a)ei/, a)ll' a)nieme/nh diame/nei e(/ws tino/s, kai\ diafe/rei tw=| ma=llon kai\ h(=tton. toiou=ton dh\ kai\ to\ peri\ th\n h(donh\n e)nde/xetai ei)=nai. te/leio/n te ta)gaqo\n tiqe/ntes, ta\s de\ kinh/seis kai\ ta\s gene/seis a)telei=s, th\n h(donh\n ki/nhsin kai\ ge/nesin a)pofai/nein peirw=ntai. ou) kalw=s d' e)oi/kasi le/gein ou)d' ei)=nai ki/nhsin. pa/sh| ga\r oi)kei=on ei)=nai dokei= ta/xos kai\ braduth/s, kai\ ei) mh\ kaq' au(th/n, oi(=on th=| tou= ko/smou, pro\s a)/llo: th=| d' h(donh=| tou/twn ou)de/teron u(pa/rxei. h(sqh=nai me\n ga\r e)/sti taxe/ws w(/sper o)rgisqh=nai,
h(/desqai d' ou)/, ou)de\ pro\s e(/teron, badi/zein de\ kai\ au)/cesqai kai\ pa/nta ta\ toiau=ta. metaba/llein me\n ou)=n ei)s th\n h(donh\n taxe/ws kai\ brade/ws e)/stin, e)nergei=n de\ kat' au)th\n ou)k e)/sti taxe/ws, le/gw d' h(/desqai. ge/nesi/s te pw=s a)\n ei)/h; dokei= ga\r ou)k e)k tou= tuxo/ntos to\ tuxo\n gi/nesqai, a)ll' e)c ou(= gi/netai, ei)s tou=to dialu/esqai: kai\ ou(= ge/nesis h( h(donh/, tou/tou h( lu/ph fqora/. kai\ le/gousi de\ th\n me\n lu/phn e)/ndeian tou= kata\ fu/sin ei)=nai, th\n d' h(donh\n a)naplh/rwsin. tau=ta de\ swmatika/ e)sti ta\ pa/qh. ei) dh/ e)sti tou= kata\ fu/sin a)naplh/rwsis h( h(donh/, e)n w(=| h( a)naplh/rwsis, tou=t' a)\n kai\ h(/doito: to\ sw=ma a)/ra: ou) dokei= de/: ou)d' e)/stin a)/ra h( a)naplh/rwsis h(donh/, a)lla\ ginome/nhs me\n a)naplhrw/sews h(/doit' a)/n tis, kai\ †temno/menos† lupoi=to. h( do/ca d' au(/th dokei= gegenh=sqai e)k tw=n peri\ th\n trofh\n lupw=n kai\ h(donw=n: e)ndeei=s ga\r genome/nous kai\ proluphqe/ntas h(/desqai th=| a)naplhrw/sei. tou=to d' ou) peri\ pa/sas sumbai/nei ta\s h(dona/s: a)/lupoi ga/r ei)sin ai(/ te maqhmatikai\ kai\ tw=n kata\ ta\s ai)sqh/seis ai( dia\ th=s o)sfrh/sews, kai\ a)kroa/mata de\ kai\ o(ra/mata polla\ kai\ mnh=mai kai\ e)lpi/des. ti/nos ou)=n au(=tai gene/seis e)/sontai; ou)deno\s ga\r e)/ndeia gege/nhtai, ou(= ge/noit' a)\n a)naplh/rwsis. pro\s de\ tou\s profe/rontas ta\s e)poneidi/stous tw=n h(donw=n le/goi tis a)\n o(/ti ou)k e)/sti tau=q' h(de/a （ou) ga\r ei) toi=s kakw=s diakeime/nois h(de/a e)sti/n, oi)hte/on au)ta\ kai\ h(de/a ei)=nai plh\n tou/tois, kaqa/per ou)de\ ta\ toi=s ka/mnousin u(gieina\ h)\ gluke/a h)\ pikra/, ou)d' au)= leuka\ ta\ faino/mena toi=s o)fqalmiw=sin）: h)\ ou(/tw le/goi tis a)/n, o(/ti ai( me\n h(donai\ ai(retai/ ei)sin, ou) mh\n a)po/ ge tou/twn, w(/sper kai\ to\ ploutei=n, prodo/nti d' ou)/, kai\ to\ u(giai/nein, ou) mh\n o(tiou=n fago/nti: h)\ tw=| ei)/dei diafe/rousin ai( h(donai/: e(/terai ga\r ai( a)po\ tw=n kalw=n tw=n a)po\ tw=n ai)sxrw=n, kai\ ou)k e)/stin h(sqh=nai th\n tou= dikai/ou mh\ o)/nta di/kaion ou)de\ th\n tou= mousikou= mh\ o)/nta mousiko/n, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn. e)mfani/zein de\ dokei= kai\ o( fi/los e(/teros w)\n tou= ko/lakos ou)k ou)=san a)gaqo\n th\n h(donh\n h)\ diafo/rous ei)/dei: o(\ me\n ga\r pro\s ta)gaqo\n o(milei=n dokei=, o(\ de\ pro\s h(donh/n, kai\ tw=| me\n o)neidi/zetai, to\n d' e)painou=sin w(s pro\s e(/tera o(milou=nta.
ou)dei/s t' a)\n e(/loito zh=n paidi/ou dia/noian e)/xwn dia\ bi/ou, h(do/menos e)f' oi(=s ta\ paidi/a w(s oi(=o/n te ma/lista, ou)de\ xai/rein poiw=n ti tw=n ai)sxi/stwn, mhde/pote me/llwn luphqh=nai. peri\ polla/ te spoudh\n poihsai/meq' a)\n kai\ ei) mhdemi/an e)pife/roi h(donh/n, oi(=on o(ra=n, mnhmoneu/ein, ei)de/nai, ta\s a)reta\s e)/xein. ei) d' e)c a)na/gkhs e(/pontai tou/tois h(donai/, ou)de\n diafe/rei: e(loi/meqa ga\r a)\n tau=ta kai\ ei) mh\ gi/noit' a)p' au)tw=n h(donh/. o(/ti me\n ou)=n ou)/te ta)gaqo\n h( h(donh\ ou)/te pa=sa ai(reth/, dh=lon e)/oiken ei)=nai, kai\ o(/ti ei)si/ tines ai(retai\ kaq' au(ta\s diafe/rousai tw=| ei)/dei h)\ a)f' w(=n. ta\ me\n ou)=n lego/mena peri\ th=s h(donh=s kai\ lu/phs i(kanw=s ei)rh/sqw.
ti/ d' e)sti\n h)\ poi=o/n ti, katafane/steron ge/noit' a)\n a)p' a)rxh=s a)nalabou=sin. dokei= ga\r h( me\n o(/rasis kaq' o(ntinou=n xro/non telei/a ei)=nai: ou) ga/r e)stin e)ndeh\s ou)deno\s o(\ ei)s u(/steron gino/menon teleiw/sei au)th=s to\ ei)=dos: toiou/tw| d' e)/oike kai\ h( h(donh/. o(/lon ga/r ti e)sti/, kai\ kat' ou)de/na xro/non la/boi tis a)\n h(donh\n h(=s e)pi\ plei/w xro/non ginome/nhs teleiwqh/setai to\ ei)=dos. dio/per ou)de\ ki/nhsi/s e)stin. e)n xro/nw| ga\r pa=sa ki/nhsis kai\ te/lous tino/s, oi(=on h( oi)kodomikh/, kai\ telei/a o(/tan poih/sh| ou(= e)fi/etai. h)\ e)n a(/panti dh\ tw=| xro/nw| h)\ tou/tw|. e)n de\ toi=s me/resi kai\ tw=| xro/nw| pa=sai a)telei=s, kai\ e(/terai tw=| ei)/dei th=s o(/lhs kai\ a)llh/lwn. h( ga\r tw=n li/qwn su/nqesis e(te/ra th=s tou= ki/onos r(abdw/sews, kai\ au(=tai th=s tou= naou= poih/sews: kai\ h( me\n tou= naou= telei/a （ou)deno\s ga\r e)ndeh\s pro\s to\ prokei/menon）, h( de\ th=s krhpi=dos kai\ tou= triglu/fou a)telh/s: me/rous ga\r e(kate/ra. tw=| ei)/dei ou)=n diafe/rousi, kai\ ou)k e)/stin e)n o(tw|ou=n xro/nw| labei=n ki/nhsin telei/an tw=| ei)/dei, a)ll' ei)/per, e)n tw=| a(/panti. o(moi/ws de\ kai\ e)pi\ badi/sews kai\ tw=n loipw=n. ei) ga/r e)stin h( fora\ ki/nhsis po/qen poi=, kai\ tau/ths diaforai\ kat' ei)/dh, pth=sis ba/disis a(/lsis kai\ ta\ toiau=ta. ou) mo/non d' ou(/tws, a)lla\ kai\ e)n au)th=| th=| badi/sei: to\ ga\r po/qen poi= ou) to\ au)to\ e)n tw=| stadi/w| kai\ e)n tw=| me/rei, kai\ e)n e(te/rw| me/rei kai\ e)n e(te/rw|, ou)de\ to\ diecie/nai th\n grammh\n th/nde ka)kei/nhn:
ou) mo/non ga\r grammh\n diaporeu/etai, a)lla\ kai\ e)n to/pw| ou)=san, e)n e(te/rw| d' au(/th e)kei/nhs. di' a)kribei/as me\n ou)=n peri\ kinh/sews e)n a)/llois ei)/rhtai, e)/oike d' ou)k e)n a(/panti xro/nw| telei/a ei)=nai, a)ll' ai( pollai\ a)telei=s kai\ diafe/rousai tw=| ei)/dei, ei)/per to\ po/qen poi= ei)dopoio/n. th=s h(donh=s d' e)n o(tw|ou=n xro/nw| te/leion to\ ei)=dos. dh=lon ou)=n w(s e(/terai/ t' a)\n ei)=en a)llh/lwn, kai\ tw=n o(/lwn ti kai\ telei/wn h( h(donh/. do/ceie d' a)\n tou=to kai\ e)k tou= mh\ e)nde/xesqai kinei=sqai mh\ e)n xro/nw|, h(/desqai de/: to\ ga\r e)n tw=| nu=n o(/lon ti. e)k tou/twn de\ dh=lon kai\ o(/ti ou) kalw=s le/gousi ki/nhsin h)\ ge/nesin ei)=nai th\n h(donh/n. ou) ga\r pa/ntwn tau=ta le/getai, a)lla\ tw=n meristw=n kai\ mh\ o(/lwn: ou)de\ ga\r o(ra/sew/s e)sti ge/nesis ou)de\ stigmh=s ou)de\ mona/dos, ou)de\ tou/twn ou)qe\n ki/nhsis ou)de\ ge/nesis: ou)de\ dh\ h(donh=s: o(/lon ga/r ti. ai)sqh/sews de\ pa/shs pro\s to\ ai)sqhto\n e)nergou/shs, telei/ws de\ th=s eu)= diakeime/nhs pro\s to\ ka/lliston tw=n u(po\ th\n ai)/sqhsin （toiou=ton ga\r ma/list' ei)=nai dokei= h( telei/a e)ne/rgeia: au)th\n de\ le/gein e)nergei=n, h)\ e)n w(=| e)sti/, mhqe\n diafere/tw）, kaq' e(ka/sthn dh\ belti/sth e)sti\n h( e)ne/rgeia tou= a)/rista diakeime/nou pro\s to\ kra/tiston tw=n u(p' au)th/n. au(/th d' a)\n teleiota/th ei)/h kai\ h(di/sth. kata\ pa=san ga\r ai)/sqhsi/n e)stin h(donh/, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ dia/noian kai\ qewri/an, h(di/sth d' h( teleiota/th, teleiota/th d' h( tou= eu)= e)/xontos pro\s to\ spoudaio/taton tw=n u(p' au)th/n: teleioi= de\ th\n e)ne/rgeian h( h(donh/. ou) to\n au)to\n de\ tro/pon h(/ te h(donh\ teleioi= kai\ to\ ai)sqhto/n te kai\ h( ai)/sqhsis, spoudai=a o)/nta, w(/sper ou)d' h( u(gi/eia kai\ o( i)atro\s o(moi/ws ai)ti/a e)sti\ tou= u(giai/nein. kaq' e(ka/sthn d' ai)/sqhsin o(/ti gi/netai h(donh/, dh=lon （fame\n ga\r o(ra/mata kai\ a)kou/smata ei)=nai h(de/a）: dh=lon de\ kai\ o(/ti ma/lista, e)peida\n h(/ te ai)/sqhsis h)=| krati/sth kai\ pro\s toiou=ton e)nergh=|: toiou/twn d' o)/ntwn tou= te ai)sqhtou= kai\ tou= ai)sqanome/nou, a)ei\ e)/stai h(donh\ u(pa/rxonto/s ge tou= te poih/sontos kai\ tou= peisome/nou. teleioi= de\ th\n e)ne/rgeian h( h(donh\ ou)x w(s h( e(/cis e)nupa/rxousa, a)ll' w(s e)pigino/meno/n ti te/los, oi(=on toi=s a)kmai/ois h( w(/ra. e(/ws a)\n ou)=n to/ te nohto\n h)\ ai)sqhto\n h)=| oi(=on dei= kai\ to\ kri=non h)\ qewrou=n,
e)/stai e)n th=| e)nergei/a| h( h(donh/: o(moi/wn ga\r o)/ntwn kai\ pro\s a)/llhla to\n au)to\n tro/pon e)xo/ntwn tou= te paqhtikou= kai\ tou= poihtikou= tau)to\ pe/fuke gi/nesqai. pw=s ou)=n ou)dei\s sunexw=s h(/detai; h)\ ka/mnei; pa/nta ga\r ta\ a)nqrw/peia a)dunatei= sunexw=s e)nergei=n. ou) gi/netai ou)=n ou)d' h(donh/: e(/petai ga\r th=| e)nergei/a|. e)/nia de\ te/rpei kaina\ o)/nta, u(/steron de\ ou)x o(moi/ws dia\ tau)to/: to\ me\n ga\r prw=ton parake/klhtai h( dia/noia kai\ diatetame/nws peri\ au)ta\ e)nergei=, w(/sper kata\ th\n o)/yin oi( e)mble/pontes, mete/peita d' ou) toiau/th h( e)ne/rgeia a)lla\ parhmelhme/nh: dio\ kai\ h( h(donh\ a)maurou=tai. o)re/gesqai de\ th=s h(donh=s oi)hqei/h tis a)\n a(/pantas, o(/ti kai\ tou= zh=n a(/pantes e)fi/entai: h( de\ zwh\ e)ne/rgeia/ tis e)sti/, kai\ e(/kastos peri\ tau=ta kai\ tou/tois e)nergei= a(\ kai\ ma/list' a)gapa=|, oi(=on o( me\n mousiko\s th=| a)koh=| peri\ ta\ me/lh, o( de\ filomaqh\s th=| dianoi/a| peri\ ta\ qewrh/mata, ou(/tw de\ kai\ tw=n loipw=n e(/kastos: h( d' h(donh\ teleioi= ta\s e)nergei/as, kai\ to\ zh=n dh/, ou(= o)re/gontai. eu)lo/gws ou)=n kai\ th=s h(donh=s e)fi/entai: teleioi= ga\r e(ka/stw| to\ zh=n, ai(reto\n o)/n. po/teron de\ dia\ th\n h(donh\n to\ zh=n ai(rou/meqa h)\ dia\ to\ zh=n th\n h(donh/n, a)fei/sqw e)n tw=| paro/nti. sunezeu=xqai me\n ga\r tau=ta fai/netai kai\ xwrismo\n ou) de/xesqai: a)/neu te ga\r e)nergei/as ou) gi/netai h(donh/, pa=sa/n te e)ne/rgeian teleioi= h( h(donh/. o(/qen dokou=si kai\ tw=| ei)/dei diafe/rein. ta\ ga\r e(/tera tw=| ei)/dei u(f' e(te/rwn oi)o/meqa teleiou=sqai （ou(/tw ga\r fai/netai kai\ ta\ fusika\ kai\ ta\ u(po\ te/xnhs, oi(=on zw=|a kai\ de/ndra kai\ grafh\ kai\ a)/galma kai\ oi)ki/a kai\ skeu=os）: o(moi/ws de\ kai\ ta\s e)nergei/as ta\s diaferou/sas tw=| ei)/dei u(po\ diafero/ntwn ei)/dei teleiou=sqai. diafe/rousi d' ai( th=s dianoi/as tw=n kata\ ta\s ai)sqh/seis kai\ au)tai\ a)llh/lwn kat' ei)=dos: kai\ ai( teleiou=sai dh\ h(donai/. fanei/h d' a)\n tou=to kai\ e)k tou= sunw|keiw=sqai tw=n h(donw=n e(ka/sthn th=| e)nergei/a| h(\n teleioi=. sunau/cei ga\r th\n e)ne/rgeian h( oi)kei/a h(donh/. ma=llon ga\r e(/kasta kri/nousi kai\ e)cakribou=sin oi( meq' h(donh=s e)nergou=ntes, oi(=on gewmetrikoi\ gi/nontai oi( xai/rontes tw=| gewmetrei=n, kai\ katanoou=sin e(/kasta ma=llon, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ oi( filo/mousoi kai\ filoikodo/moi kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kastoi e)pidido/asin ei)s to\ oi)kei=on e)/rgon xai/rontes au)tw=|: sunau/cousi de\ ai( h(donai/, ta\ de\ sunau/conta oi)kei=a:
toi=s e(te/rois de\ tw=| ei)/dei kai\ ta\ oi)kei=a e(/tera tw=| ei)/dei. e)/ti de\ ma=llon tou=t' a)\n fanei/h e)k tou= ta\s a)f' e(te/rwn h(dona\s e)mpodi/ous tai=s e)nergei/ais ei)=nai. oi( ga\r fi/lauloi a)dunatou=si toi=s lo/gois prose/xein, e)a\n katakou/swsin au)lou=ntos, ma=llon xai/rontes au)lhtikh=| th=s parou/shs e)nergei/as: h( kata\ th\n au)lhtikh\n ou)=n h(donh\ th\n peri\ to\n lo/gon e)ne/rgeian fqei/rei. o(moi/ws de\ tou=to kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn sumbai/nei, o(/tan a(/ma peri\ du/o e)nergh=|: h( ga\r h(di/wn th\n e(te/ran e)kkrou/ei, ka)\n polu\ diafe/rh| kata\ th\n h(donh/n, ma=llon, w(/ste mhd' e)nergei=n kata\ th\n e(te/ran. dio\ xai/rontes o(tw|ou=n sfo/dra ou) pa/nu drw=men e(/teron, kai\ a)/lla poiou=men a)/llois h)re/ma a)resko/menoi, oi(=on kai\ e)n toi=s qea/trois oi( traghmati/zontes, o(/tan fau=loi oi( a)gwnizo/menoi w)=si, to/te ma/list' au)to\ drw=sin. e)pei\ d' h( me\n oi)kei/a h(donh\ e)cakriboi= ta\s e)nergei/as kai\ xroniwte/ras kai\ belti/ous poiei=, ai( d' a)llo/triai lumai/nontai, dh=lon w(s polu\ diesta=sin. sxedo\n ga\r ai( a)llo/triai h(donai\ poiou=sin o(/per ai( oi)kei=ai lu=pai: fqei/rousi ga\r ta\s e)nergei/as ai( oi)kei=ai lu=pai, oi(=on ei)/ tw| to\ gra/fein a)hde\s kai\ e)pi/lupon h)\ to\ logi/zesqai: o(\ me\n ga\r ou) gra/fei, o(\ d' ou) logi/zetai, luphra=s ou)/shs th=s e)nergei/as. sumbai/nei dh\ peri\ th=s e)nergei/as tou)nanti/on a)po\ tw=n oi)kei/wn h(donw=n te kai\ lupw=n: oi)kei=ai d' ei)si\n ai( e)pi\ th=| e)nergei/a| kaq' au(th\n gino/menai. ai( d' a)llo/triai h(donai\ ei)/rhtai o(/ti paraplh/sio/n ti th=| lu/ph| poiou=sin: fqei/rousi ga/r, plh\n ou)x o(moi/ws. diaferousw=n de\ tw=n e)nergeiw=n e)pieikei/a| kai\ faulo/thti, kai\ tw=n me\n ai(retw=n ou)sw=n tw=n de\ feuktw=n tw=n d' ou)dete/rwn, o(moi/ws e)/xousi kai\ ai( h(donai/: kaq' e(ka/sthn ga\r e)ne/rgeian oi)kei/a h(donh\ e)/stin. h( me\n ou)=n th=| spoudai/a| oi)kei/a e)pieikh/s, h( de\ th=| fau/lh| moxqhra/: kai\ ga\r ai( e)piqumi/ai tw=n me\n kalw=n e)painetai/, tw=n d' ai)sxrw=n yektai/. oi)keio/terai de\ tai=s e)nergei/ais ai( e)n au)tai=s h(donai\ tw=n o)re/cewn: ai(\ me\n ga\r diwrisme/nai ei)si\ kai\ toi=s xro/nois kai\ th=| fu/sei, ai(\ de\ su/neggus tai=s e)nergei/ais, kai\ a)dio/ristoi ou(/tws w(/st' e)/xein a)mfisbh/thsin ei) tau)to/n e)stin h( e)ne/rgeia th=| h(donh=|. ou) mh\n e)/oike/ ge h( h(donh\ dia/noia ei)=nai ou)d' ai)/sqhsis （a)/topon ga/r）, a)lla\ dia\ to\ mh\ xwri/zesqai fai/netai/ tisi tau)to/n. w(/sper ou)=n ai( e)ne/rgeiai e(/terai, kai\ ai( h(donai/.
diafe/rei de\ h( o)/yis a(fh=s kaqareio/thti, kai\ a)koh\ kai\ o)/sfrhsis geu/sews: o(moi/ws dh\ diafe/rousi kai\ ai( h(donai/, kai\ tou/twn ai( peri\ th\n dia/noian, kai\ e(ka/terai a)llh/lwn. dokei= d' ei)=nai e(ka/stw| zw/|w| kai\ h(donh\ oi)kei/a, w(/sper kai\ e)/rgon: h( ga\r kata\ th\n e)ne/rgeian. kai\ e)f' e(ka/stw| de\ qewrou=nti tou=t' a)\n fanei/h: e(te/ra ga\r i(/ppou h(donh\ kai\ kuno\s kai\ a)nqrw/pou, kaqa/per *(hra/kleito/s fhsin o)/nous su/rmat' a)\n e(le/sqai ma=llon h)\ xruso/n: h(/dion ga\r xrusou= trofh\ o)/nois. ai( me\n ou)=n tw=n e(te/rwn tw=| ei)/dei diafe/rousin ei)/dei, ta\s de\ tw=n au)tw=n a)diafo/rous eu)/logon ei)=nai. dialla/ttousi d' ou) smikro\n e)pi/ ge tw=n a)nqrw/pwn: ta\ ga\r au)ta\ tou\s me\n te/rpei tou\s de\ lupei=, kai\ toi=s me\n luphra\ kai\ mishta/ e)sti toi=s de\ h(de/a kai\ filhta/. kai\ e)pi\ gluke/wn de\ tou=to sumbai/nei: ou) ga\r ta\ au)ta\ dokei= tw=| pure/ttonti kai\ tw=| u(giai/nonti, ou)de\ qermo\n ei)=nai tw=| a)sqenei= kai\ tw=| eu)ektikw=|. o(moi/ws de\ tou=to kai\ e)f' e(te/rwn sumbai/nei. dokei= d' e)n a(/pasi toi=s toiou/tois ei)=nai to\ faino/menon tw=| spoudai/w|. ei) de\ tou=to kalw=s le/getai, kaqa/per dokei=, kai\ e)/stin e(ka/stou me/tron h( a)reth\ kai\ a(gaqo/s, h(=| toiou=tos, kai\ h(donai\ ei)=en a)\n ai( tou/tw| faino/menai kai\ h(de/a oi(=s ou(=tos xai/rei. ta\ de\ tou/tw| dusxerh= ei)/ tw| fai/netai h(de/a, ou)de\n qaumasto/n: pollai\ ga\r fqorai\ kai\ lu=mai a)nqrw/pwn gi/nontai: h(de/a d' ou)k e)/stin, a)lla\ tou/tois kai\ ou(/tw diakeime/nois. ta\s me\n ou)=n o(mologoume/nws ai)sxra\s dh=lon w(s ou) fate/on h(dona\s ei)=nai, plh\n toi=s diefqarme/nois: tw=n d' e)pieikw=n ei)=nai dokousw=n poi/an h)\ ti/na fate/on tou= a)nqrw/pou ei)=nai; h)\ e)k tw=n e)nergeiw=n dh=lon; tau/tais ga\r e(/pontai ai( h(donai/. ei)/t' ou)=n mi/a e)sti\n ei)/te plei/ous ai( tou= telei/ou kai\ makari/ou a)ndro/s, ai( tau/tas teleiou=sai h(donai\ kuri/ws le/goint' a)\n a)nqrw/pou h(donai\ ei)=nai, ai( de\ loipai\ deute/rws kai\ pollostw=s, w(/sper ai( e)ne/rgeiai.
ei)rhme/nwn de\ tw=n peri\ ta\s a)reta/s te kai\ fili/as kai\ h(dona/s, loipo\n peri\ eu)daimoni/as tu/pw| dielqei=n, e)peidh\ te/los au)th\n ti/qemen tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn. a)nalabou=si dh\ ta\ proeirhme/na suntomw/teros a)\n ei)/h o( lo/gos. ei)/pomen dh\ o(/ti ou)k e)/stin e(/cis: kai\ ga\r tw=| kaqeu/donti dia\ bi/ou u(pa/rxoi a)/n, futw=n zw=nti bi/on, kai\ tw=| dustuxou=nti ta\ me/gista.
ei) dh\ tau=ta mh\ a)re/skei, a)lla\ ma=llon ei)s e)ne/rgeia/n tina qete/on, kaqa/per e)n toi=s pro/teron ei)/rhtai, tw=n d' e)nergeiw=n ai(\ me/n ei)sin a)nagkai=ai kai\ di' e(/tera ai(retai\ ai(\ de\ kaq' au(ta/s, dh=lon o(/ti th\n eu)daimoni/an tw=n kaq' au(ta\s ai(retw=n tina\ qete/on kai\ ou) tw=n di' a)/llo: ou)deno\s ga\r e)ndeh\s h( eu)daimoni/a a)ll' au)ta/rkhs. kaq' au(ta\s d' ei)si\n ai(retai\ a)f' w(=n mhde\n e)pizhtei=tai para\ th\n e)ne/rgeian. toiau=tai d' ei)=nai dokou=sin ai( kat' a)reth\n pra/ceis: ta\ ga\r kala\ kai\ spoudai=a pra/ttein tw=n di' au(ta\ ai(retw=n. kai\ tw=n paidiw=n de\ ai( h(dei=ai: ou) ga\r di' e(/tera au)ta\s ai(rou=ntai: bla/ptontai ga\r a)p' au)tw=n ma=llon h)\ w)felou=ntai, a)melou=ntes tw=n swma/twn kai\ th=s kth/sews. katafeu/gousi d' e)pi\ ta\s toiau/tas diagwga\s tw=n eu)daimonizome/nwn oi( polloi/, dio\ para\ toi=s tura/nnois eu)dokimou=sin oi( e)n tai=s toiau/tais diagwgai=s eu)tra/peloi: w(=n ga\r e)fi/entai, e)n tou/tois pare/xousi sfa=s au)tou\s h(dei=s, de/ontai de\ toiou/twn. dokei= me\n ou)=n eu)daimonika\ tau=ta ei)=nai dia\ to\ tou\s e)n dunastei/ais e)n tou/tois a)posxola/zein, ou)de\n d' i)/sws shmei=on oi( toiou=toi/ ei)sin: ou) ga\r e)n tw=| dunasteu/ein h( a)reth\ ou)d' o( nou=s, a)f' w(=n ai( spoudai=ai e)ne/rgeiai: ou)d' ei) a)/geustoi ou(=toi o)/ntes h(donh=s ei)likrinou=s kai\ e)leuqeri/ou e)pi\ ta\s swmatika\s katafeu/gousin, dia\ tou=to tau/tas oi)hte/on ai(retwte/ras ei)=nai: kai\ ga\r oi( pai=des ta\ par' au(toi=s timw/mena kra/tista oi)/ontai ei)=nai. eu)/logon dh/, w(/sper paisi\ kai\ a)ndra/sin e(/tera fai/netai ti/mia, ou(/tw kai\ fau/lois kai\ e)pieike/sin. kaqa/per ou)=n polla/kis ei)/rhtai, kai\ ti/mia kai\ h(de/a e)sti\ ta\ tw=| spoudai/w| toiau=ta o)/nta: e(ka/stw| d' h( kata\ th\n oi)kei/an e(/cin ai(retwta/th e)ne/rgeia, kai\ tw=| spoudai/w| dh\ h( kata\ th\n a)reth/n. ou)k e)n paidia=| a)/ra h( eu)daimoni/a: kai\ ga\r a)/topon to\ te/los ei)=nai paidia/n, kai\ pragmateu/esqai kai\ kakopaqei=n to\n bi/on a(/panta tou= pai/zein xa/rin. a(/panta ga\r w(s ei)pei=n e(te/rou e(/neka ai(rou/meqa plh\n th=s eu)daimoni/as: te/los ga\r au(/th. spouda/zein de\ kai\ ponei=n paidia=s xa/rin h)li/qion fai/netai kai\ li/an paidiko/n. pai/zein d' o(/pws spouda/zh|, kat' *)ana/xarsin, o)rqw=s e)/xein dokei=: a)napau/sei ga\r e)/oiken h( paidia/, a)dunatou=ntes de\ sunexw=s ponei=n a)napau/sews de/ontai. ou) dh\ te/los h( a)na/pausis:
gi/netai ga\r e(/neka th=s e)nergei/as. dokei= d' o( eu)dai/mwn bi/os kat' a)reth\n ei)=nai: ou(=tos de\ meta\ spoudh=s, a)ll' ou)k e)n paidia=|. belti/w te le/gomen ta\ spoudai=a tw=n geloi/wn kai\ meta\ paidia=s, kai\ tou= belti/onos a)ei\ kai\ mori/ou kai\ a)nqrw/pou spoudaiote/ran th\n e)ne/rgeian: h( de\ tou= belti/onos krei/ttwn kai\ eu)daimonikwte/ra h)/dh. a)polau/seie/ t' a)\n tw=n swmatikw=n h(donw=n o( tuxw\n kai\ a)ndra/podon ou)x h(=tton tou= a)ri/stou: eu)daimoni/as d' ou)dei\s a)ndrapo/dw| metadi/dwsin, ei) mh\ kai\ bi/ou. ou) ga\r e)n tai=s toiau/tais diagwgai=s h( eu)daimoni/a, a)ll' e)n tai=s kat' a)reth\n e)nergei/ais, kaqa/per kai\ pro/teron ei)/rhtai.
ei) d' e)sti\n h( eu)daimoni/a kat' a)reth\n e)ne/rgeia, eu)/logon kata\ th\n krati/sthn: au(/th d' a)\n ei)/h tou= a)ri/stou. ei)/te dh\ nou=s tou=to ei)/te a)/llo ti, o(\ dh\ kata\ fu/sin dokei= a)/rxein kai\ h(gei=sqai kai\ e)/nnoian e)/xein peri\ kalw=n kai\ qei/wn, ei)/te qei=on o)\n kai\ au)to\ ei)/te tw=n e)n h(mi=n to\ qeio/taton, h( tou/tou e)ne/rgeia kata\ th\n oi)kei/an a)reth\n ei)/h a)\n h( telei/a eu)daimoni/a. o(/ti d' e)sti\ qewrhtikh/, ei)/rhtai. o(mologou/menon de\ tou=t' a)\n do/ceien ei)=nai kai\ toi=s pro/teron kai\ tw=| a)lhqei=. krati/sth te ga\r au(/th e)sti\n h( e)ne/rgeia （kai\ ga\r o( nou=s tw=n e)n h(mi=n, kai\ tw=n gnwstw=n, peri\ a(\ o( nou=s）: e)/ti de\ sunexesta/th: qewrei=n te ga\r duna/meqa sunexw=s ma=llon h)\ pra/ttein o(tiou=n. oi)o/meqa/ te dei=n h(donh\n paramemi=xqai th=| eu)daimoni/a|, h(di/sth de\ tw=n kat' a)reth\n e)nergeiw=n h( kata\ th\n sofi/an o(mologoume/nws e)sti/n: dokei= gou=n h( filosofi/a qaumasta\s h(dona\s e)/xein kaqareio/thti kai\ tw=| bebai/w|, eu)/logon de\ toi=s ei)do/si tw=n zhtou/ntwn h(di/w th\n diagwgh\n ei)=nai. h(/ te legome/nh au)ta/rkeia peri\ th\n qewrhtikh\n ma/list' a)\n ei)/h: tw=n me\n ga\r pro\s to\ zh=n a)nagkai/wn kai\ sofo\s kai\ di/kaios kai\ oi( loipoi\ de/ontai, toi=s de\ toiou/tois i(kanw=s kexorhghme/nwn o( me\n di/kaios dei=tai pro\s ou(\s dikaiopragh/sei kai\ meq' w(=n, o(moi/ws de\ kai\ o( sw/frwn kai\ o( a)ndrei=os kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(/kastos, o( de\ sofo\s kai\ kaq' au(to\n w)\n du/natai qewrei=n, kai\ o(/sw| a)\n sofw/teros h)=|, ma=llon: be/ltion d' i)/sws sunergou\s e)/xwn, a)ll' o(/mws au)tarke/statos.
do/cai t' a)\n au)th\ mo/nh di' au(th\n a)gapa=sqai: ou)de\n ga\r a)p' au)th=s gi/netai para\ to\ qewrh=sai, a)po\ de\ tw=n praktikw=n h)\ plei=on h)\ e)/latton peripoiou/meqa para\ th\n pra=cin. dokei= te h( eu)daimoni/a e)n th=| sxolh=| ei)=nai: a)sxolou/meqa ga\r i(/na sxola/zwmen, kai\ polemou=men i(/n' ei)rh/nhn a)/gwmen. tw=n me\n ou)=n praktikw=n a)retw=n e)n toi=s politikoi=s h)\ e)n toi=s polemikoi=s h( e)ne/rgeia, ai( de\ peri\ tau=ta pra/ceis dokou=sin a)/sxoloi ei)=nai, ai( me\n polemikai\ kai\ pantelw=s （ou)dei\s ga\r ai(rei=tai to\ polemei=n tou= polemei=n e(/neka, ou)de\ paraskeua/zei po/lemon: do/cai ga\r a)\n pantelw=s miaifo/nos tis ei)=nai, ei) tou\s fi/lous polemi/ous poioi=to, i(/na ma/xai kai\ fo/noi gi/nointo）: e)/sti de\ kai\ h( tou= politikou= a)/sxolos, kai\ par' au)to\ to\ politeu/esqai peripoioume/nh dunastei/as kai\ tima\s h)\ th/n ge eu)daimoni/an au(tw=| kai\ toi=s poli/tais, e(te/ran ou)=san th=s politikh=s, h(\n kai\ zhtou=men dh=lon w(s e(te/ran ou)=san. ei) dh\ tw=n me\n kata\ ta\s a)reta\s pra/cewn ai( politikai\ kai\ polemikai\ ka/llei kai\ mege/qei proe/xousin, au(=tai d' a)/sxoloi kai\ te/lous tino\s e)fi/entai kai\ ou) di' au(ta\s ai(retai/ ei)sin, h( de\ tou= nou= e)ne/rgeia spoudh=| te diafe/rein dokei= qewrhtikh\ ou)=sa, kai\ par' au(th\n ou)deno\s e)fi/esqai te/lous, kai\ e)/xein th\n h(donh\n oi)kei/an （au(/th de\ sunau/cei th\n e)ne/rgeian）, kai\ to\ au)/tarkes dh\ kai\ sxolastiko\n kai\ a)/truton w(s a)nqrw/pw|, kai\ o(/sa a)/lla tw=| makari/w| a)pone/metai, ta\ kata\ tau/thn th\n e)ne/rgeian fai/netai o)/nta: h( telei/a dh\ eu)daimoni/a au(/th a)\n ei)/h a)nqrw/pou, labou=sa mh=kos bi/ou te/leion: ou)de\n ga\r a)tele/s e)sti tw=n th=s eu)daimoni/as. o( de\ toiou=tos a)\n ei)/h bi/os krei/ttwn h)\ kat' a)/nqrwpon: ou) ga\r h(=| a)/nqrwpo/s e)stin ou(/tw biw/setai, a)ll' h(=| qei=o/n ti e)n au)tw=| u(pa/rxei: o(/son de\ diafe/rei tou=to tou= sunqe/tou, tosou=ton kai\ h( e)ne/rgeia th=s kata\ th\n a)/llhn a)reth/n. ei) dh\ qei=on o( nou=s pro\s to\n a)/nqrwpon, kai\ o( kata\ tou=ton bi/os qei=os pro\s to\n a)nqrw/pinon bi/on. ou) xrh\ de\ kata\ tou\s parainou=ntas a)nqrw/pina fronei=n a)/nqrwpon o)/nta ou)de\ qnhta\ to\n qnhto/n, a)ll' e)f' o(/son e)nde/xetai a)qanati/zein kai\ pa/nta poiei=n pro\s to\ zh=n kata\ to\ kra/tiston tw=n e)n au(tw=|: ei) ga\r kai\ tw=| o)/gkw| mikro/n e)sti,
duna/mei kai\ timio/thti polu\ ma=llon pa/ntwn u(pere/xei. do/ceie d' a)\n kai\ ei)=nai e(/kastos tou=to, ei)/per to\ ku/rion kai\ a)/meinon. a)/topon ou)=n gi/noit' a)/n, ei) mh\ to\n au(tou= bi/on ai(roi=to a)lla/ tinos a)/llou. to\ lexqe/n te pro/teron a(rmo/sei kai\ nu=n: to\ ga\r oi)kei=on e(ka/stw| th=| fu/sei kra/tiston kai\ h(/disto/n e)stin e(ka/stw|: kai\ tw=| a)nqrw/pw| dh\ o( kata\ to\n nou=n bi/os, ei)/per tou=to ma/lista a)/nqrwpos. ou(=tos a)/ra kai\ eu)daimone/statos.
deute/rws d' o( kata\ th\n a)/llhn a)reth/n: ai( ga\r kata\ tau/thn e)ne/rgeiai a)nqrwpikai/. di/kaia ga\r kai\ a)ndrei=a kai\ ta\ a)/lla ta\ kata\ ta\s a)reta\s pro\s a)llh/lous pra/ttomen e)n sunalla/gmasi kai\ xrei/ais kai\ pra/cesi pantoi/ais e)/n te toi=s pa/qesi diathrou=ntes to\ pre/pon e(ka/stw|: tau=ta d' ei)=nai fai/netai pa/nta a)nqrwpika/. e)/nia de\ kai\ sumbai/nein a)po\ tou= sw/matos dokei=, kai\ polla\ sunw|keiw=sqai toi=s pa/qesin h( tou= h)/qous a)reth/. sune/zeuktai de\ kai\ h( fro/nhsis th=| tou= h)/qous a)reth=|, kai\ au(/th th=| fronh/sei, ei)/per ai( me\n th=s fronh/sews a)rxai\ kata\ ta\s h)qika/s ei)sin a)reta/s, to\ d' o)rqo\n tw=n h)qikw=n kata\ th\n fro/nhsin. sunhrthme/nai d' au(=tai kai\ toi=s pa/qesi peri\ to\ su/nqeton a)\n ei)=en: ai( de\ tou= sunqe/tou a)retai\ a)nqrwpikai/: kai\ o( bi/os dh\ o( kata\ tau/tas kai\ h( eu)daimoni/a. h( de\ tou= nou= kexwrisme/nh: tosou=ton ga\r peri\ au)th=s ei)rh/sqw: diakribw=sai ga\r mei=zon tou= prokeime/nou e)sti/n. do/ceie d' a)\n kai\ th=s e)kto\s xorhgi/as e)pi\ mikro\n h)\ e)p' e)/latton dei=sqai th=s h)qikh=s. tw=n me\n ga\r a)nagkai/wn a)mfoi=n xrei/a kai\ e)c i)/sou e)/stw, ei) kai\ ma=llon diaponei= peri\ to\ sw=ma o( politiko/s, kai\ o(/sa toiau=ta: mikro\n ga\r a)/n ti diafe/roi: pro\s de\ ta\s e)nergei/as polu\ dioi/sei. tw=| me\n ga\r e)leuqeri/w| deh/sei xrhma/twn pro\s to\ pra/ttein ta\ e)leuqe/ria, kai\ tw=| dikai/w| dh\ ei)s ta\s a)ntapodo/seis （ai( ga\r boulh/seis a)/dhloi, prospoiou=ntai de\ kai\ oi( mh\ di/kaioi bou/lesqai dikaiopragei=n）, tw=| a)ndrei/w| de\ duna/mews, ei)/per e)pitelei= ti tw=n kata\ th\n a)reth/n, kai\ tw=| sw/froni e)cousi/as: pw=s ga\r dh=los e)/stai h)\ ou(=tos h)\ tw=n a)/llwn tis; a)mfisbhtei=tai/ te po/teron kuriw/teron th=s a)reth=s h( proai/resis h)\ ai( pra/ceis, w(s e)n a)mfoi=n ou)/shs:
to\ dh\ te/leion dh=lon w(s e)n a)mfoi=n a)\n ei)/h: pro\s de\ ta\s pra/ceis pollw=n dei=tai, kai\ o(/sw| a)\n mei/zous w)=si kai\ kalli/ous, pleio/nwn. tw=| de\ qewrou=nti ou)deno\s tw=n toiou/twn pro/s ge th\n e)ne/rgeian xrei/a, a)ll' w(s ei)pei=n kai\ e)mpo/dia/ e)sti pro/s ge th\n qewri/an: h(=| d' a)/nqrwpo/s e)sti kai\ plei/osi suzh=|, ai(rei=tai ta\ kata\ th\n a)reth\n pra/ttein: deh/setai ou)=n tw=n toiou/twn pro\s to\ a)nqrwpeu/esqai. h( de\ telei/a eu)daimoni/a o(/ti qewrhtikh/ tis e)sti\n e)ne/rgeia, kai\ e)nteu=qen a)\n fanei/h. tou\s qeou\s ga\r ma/lista u(peilh/famen makari/ous kai\ eu)dai/monas ei)=nai: pra/ceis de\ poi/as a)ponei=mai xrew\n au)toi=s; po/tera ta\s dikai/as; h)\ geloi=oi fanou=ntai sunalla/ttontes kai\ parakataqh/kas a)podido/ntes kai\ o(/sa toiau=ta; a)lla\ ta\s a)ndrei/ous u(pome/nontas ta\ fobera\ kai\ kinduneu/ontas o(/ti kalo/n; h)\ ta\s e)leuqeri/ous; ti/ni de\ dw/sousin; a)/topon d' ei) kai\ e)/stai au)toi=s no/misma h)/ ti toiou=ton. ai( de\ sw/frones ti/ a)\n ei)=en; h)\ fortiko\s o( e)/painos, o(/ti ou)k e)/xousi fau/las e)piqumi/as; dieciou=si de\ pa/nta fai/noit' a)\n ta\ peri\ ta\s pra/ceis mikra\ kai\ a)na/cia qew=n. a)lla\ mh\n zh=n ge pa/ntes u(peilh/fasin au)tou\s kai\ e)nergei=n a)/ra: ou) ga\r dh\ kaqeu/dein w(/sper to\n *)endumi/wna. tw=| dh\ zw=nti tou= pra/ttein a)fairoume/nou, e)/ti de\ ma=llon tou= poiei=n, ti/ lei/petai plh\n qewri/a; w(/ste h( tou= qeou= e)ne/rgeia, makario/thti diafe/rousa, qewrhtikh\ a)\n ei)/h: kai\ tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn dh\ h( tau/th| suggenesta/th eu)daimonikwta/th. shmei=on de\ kai\ to\ mh\ mete/xein ta\ loipa\ zw=|a eu)daimoni/as, th=s toiau/ths e)nergei/as e)sterhme/na telei/ws. toi=s me\n ga\r qeoi=s a(/pas o( bi/os maka/rios, toi=s d' a)nqrw/pois, e)f' o(/son o(moi/wma/ ti th=s toiau/ths e)nergei/as u(pa/rxei: tw=n d' a)/llwn zw/|wn ou)de\n eu)daimonei=, e)peidh\ ou)damh=| koinwnei= qewri/as. e)f' o(/son dh\ diatei/nei h( qewri/a, kai\ h( eu)daimoni/a, kai\ oi(=s ma=llon u(pa/rxei to\ qewrei=n, kai\ eu)daimonei=n, ou) kata\ sumbebhko\s a)lla\ kata\ th\n qewri/an: au(/th ga\r kaq' au(th\n timi/a. w(/st' ei)/h a)\n h( eu)daimoni/a qewri/a tis.
deh/sei de\ kai\ th=s e)kto\s eu)hmeri/as a)nqrw/pw| o)/nti: ou) ga\r au)ta/rkhs h( fu/sis pro\s to\ qewrei=n, a)lla\ dei= kai\ to\ sw=ma u(giai/nein kai\ trofh\n kai\ th\n loiph\n qerapei/an u(pa/rxein.
ou) mh\n oi)hte/on ge pollw=n kai\ mega/lwn deh/sesqai to\n eu)daimonh/sonta, ei) mh\ e)nde/xetai a)/neu tw=n e)kto\s a)gaqw=n maka/rion ei)=nai: ou) ga\r e)n th=| u(perbolh=| to\ au)/tarkes ou)d' h( pra=cis, dunato\n de\ kai\ mh\ a)/rxonta gh=s kai\ qala/tths pra/ttein ta\ kala/: kai\ ga\r a)po\ metri/wn du/nait' a)/n tis pra/ttein kata\ th\n a)reth/n （tou=to d' e)/stin i)dei=n e)nargw=s: oi( ga\r i)diw=tai tw=n dunastw=n ou)x h(=tton dokou=si ta\ e)pieikh= pra/ttein, a)lla\ kai\ ma=llon）: i(kano\n de\ tosau=q' u(pa/rxein: e)/stai ga\r o( bi/os eu)dai/mwn tou= kata\ th\n a)reth\n e)nergou=ntos. kai\ *so/lwn de\ tou\s eu)dai/monas i)/sws a)pefai/neto kalw=s, ei)pw\n metri/ws toi=s e)kto\s kexorhghme/nous, peprago/tas de\ ta\ ka/llisq', w(s w)/|eto, kai\ bebiwko/tas swfro/nws: e)nde/xetai ga\r me/tria kekthme/nous pra/ttein a(\ dei=. e)/oike de\ kai\ *)anacago/ras ou) plou/sion ou)de\ duna/sthn u(polabei=n to\n eu)dai/mona, ei)pw\n o(/ti ou)k a)\n qauma/seien ei)/ tis a)/topos fanei/h toi=s polloi=s: ou(=toi ga\r kri/nousi toi=s e)kto/s, tou/twn ai)sqano/menoi mo/non. sumfwnei=n dh\ toi=s lo/gois e)oi/kasin ai( tw=n sofw=n do/cai. pi/stin me\n ou)=n kai\ ta\ toiau=ta e)/xei tina/, to\ d' a)lhqe\s e)n toi=s praktikoi=s e)k tw=n e)/rgwn kai\ tou= bi/ou kri/netai: e)n tou/tois ga\r to\ ku/rion. skopei=n dh\ ta\ proeirhme/na xrh\ e)pi\ ta\ e)/rga kai\ to\n bi/on fe/rontas, kai\ suna|do/ntwn me\n toi=s e)/rgois a)podekte/on, diafwnou/ntwn de\ lo/gous u(polhpte/on. o( de\ kata\ nou=n e)nergw=n kai\ tou=ton qerapeu/wn kai\ diakei/menos a)/rista kai\ qeofile/statos e)/oiken. ei) ga/r tis e)pime/leia tw=n a)nqrwpi/nwn u(po\ qew=n gi/netai, w(/sper dokei=, kai\ ei)/h a)\n eu)/logon xai/rein te au)tou\s tw=| a)ri/stw| kai\ suggenesta/tw| （tou=to d' a)\n ei)/h o( nou=s） kai\ tou\s a)gapw=ntas ma/lista tou=to kai\ timw=ntas a)nteupoiei=n w(s tw=n fi/lwn au)toi=s e)pimeloume/nous kai\ o)rqw=s te kai\ kalw=s pra/ttontas. o(/ti de\ pa/nta tau=ta tw=| sofw=| ma/lisq' u(pa/rxei, ou)k a)/dhlon. qeofile/statos a)/ra. to\n au)to\n d' ei)ko\s kai\ eu)daimone/staton: w(/ste ka)\n ou(/tws ei)/h o( sofo\s ma/list' eu)dai/mwn.
a)=r' ou)=n ei) peri/ te tou/twn kai\ tw=n a)retw=n, e)/ti de\ kai\ fili/as kai\ h(donh=s, i(kanw=s ei)/rhtai toi=s tu/pois, te/los e)/xein oi)hte/on th\n proai/resin; h)\ kaqa/per le/getai,
ou)k e)/stin e)n toi=s praktoi=s te/los to\ qewrh=sai e(/kasta kai\ gnw=nai, a)lla\ ma=llon to\ pra/ttein au)ta/: ou)de\ dh\ peri\ a)reth=s i(kano\n to\ ei)de/nai, a)ll' e)/xein kai\ xrh=sqai peirate/on, h)\ ei)/ pws a)/llws a)gaqoi\ gino/meqa; ei) me\n ou)=n h)=san oi( lo/goi au)ta/rkeis pro\s to\ poih=sai e)pieikei=s, pollou\s a)\n misqou\s kai\ mega/lous dikai/ws e)/feron kata\ to\n *qe/ognin, kai\ e)/dei a)\n tou/tous pori/sasqai: nu=n de\ fai/nontai protre/yasqai me\n kai\ parormh=sai tw=n ne/wn tou\s e)leuqeri/ous i)sxu/ein, h)=qo/s t' eu)gene\s kai\ w(s a)lhqw=s filo/kalon poih=sai a)\n katokw/ximon e)k th=s a)reth=s, tou\s de\ pollou\s a)dunatei=n pro\s kalokagaqi/an protre/yasqai: ou) ga\r pefu/kasin ai)doi= peiqarxei=n a)lla\ fo/bw|, ou)d' a)pe/xesqai tw=n fau/lwn dia\ to\ ai)sxro\n a)lla\ dia\ ta\s timwri/as: pa/qei ga\r zw=ntes ta\s oi)kei/as h(dona\s diw/kousi kai\ di' w(=n au(=tai e)/sontai, feu/gousi de\ ta\s a)ntikeime/nas lu/pas, tou= de\ kalou= kai\ w(s a)lhqw=s h(de/os ou)d' e)/nnoian e)/xousin, a)/geustoi o)/ntes. tou\s dh\ toiou/tous ti/s a)\n lo/gos metarruqmi/sai; ou) ga\r oi(=o/n te h)\ ou) r(a/|dion ta\ e)k palaiou= toi=s h)/qesi kateilhmme/na lo/gw| metasth=sai: a)gaphto\n d' i)/sws e)sti\n ei) pa/ntwn u(parxo/ntwn di' w(=n e)pieikei=s dokou=men gi/nesqai, metala/boimen th=s a)reth=s. gi/nesqai d' a)gaqou\s oi)/ontai oi(\ me\n fu/sei oi(\ d' e)/qei oi(\ de\ didaxh=|. to\ me\n ou)=n th=s fu/sews dh=lon w(s ou)k e)f' h(mi=n u(pa/rxei, a)lla\ dia/ tinas qei/as ai)ti/as toi=s w(s a)lhqw=s eu)tuxe/sin u(pa/rxei: o( de\ lo/gos kai\ h( didaxh\ mh/ pot' ou)k e)n a(/pasin i)sxu/ei, a)lla\ dei= prodieirga/sqai toi=s e)/qesi th\n tou= a)kroatou= yuxh\n pro\s to\ kalw=s xai/rein kai\ misei=n, w(/sper gh=n th\n qre/yousan to\ spe/rma. ou) ga\r a)\n a)kou/seie lo/gou a)potre/pontos ou)d' au)= sunei/h o( kata\ pa/qos zw=n: to\n d' ou(/tws e)/xonta pw=s oi(=o/n te metapei=sai; o(/lws t' ou) dokei= lo/gw| u(pei/kein to\ pa/qos a)lla\ bi/a|. dei= dh\ to\ h)=qos prou+pa/rxein pws oi)kei=on th=s a)reth=s, ste/rgon to\ kalo\n kai\ dusxerai=non to\ ai)sxro/n. e)k ne/ou d' a)gwgh=s o)rqh=s tuxei=n pro\s a)reth\n xalepo\n mh\ u(po\ toiou/tois trafe/nta no/mois: to\ ga\r swfro/nws kai\ karterikw=s zh=n ou)x h(du\ toi=s polloi=s, a)/llws te kai\ ne/ois. dio\ no/mois dei= teta/xqai th\n trofh\n kai\ ta\ e)pithdeu/mata: ou)k e)/stai ga\r luphra\ sunh/qh geno/mena.
ou)x i(kano\n d' i)/sws ne/ous o)/ntas trofh=s kai\ e)pimelei/as tuxei=n o)rqh=s, a)ll' e)piedh\ kai\ a)ndrwqe/ntas dei= e)pithdeu/ein au)ta\ kai\ e)qi/zesqai, kai\ peri\ tau=ta deoi/meq' a)\n no/mwn, kai\ o(/lws dh\ peri\ pa/nta to\n bi/on: oi( ga\r polloi\ a)na/gkh| ma=llon h)\ lo/gw| peiqarxou=si kai\ zhmi/ais h)\ tw=| kalw=|. dio/per oi)/ontai/ tines tou\s nomoqetou=ntas dei=n me\n parakalei=n e)pi\ th\n a)reth\n kai\ protre/pesqai tou= kalou= xa/rin, w(s e)pakousome/nwn tw=n e)pieikw=s toi=s e)/qesi prohgme/nwn, a)peiqou=si de\ kai\ a)fueste/rois ou)=si kola/seis te kai\ timwri/as e)pitiqe/nai, tou\s d' a)nia/tous o(/lws e)cori/zein: to\n me\n ga\r e)pieikh= pro\s to\ kalo\n zw=nta tw=| lo/gw| peiqarxh/sein, to\n de\ fau=lon h(donh=s o)rego/menon lu/ph| kola/zesqai w(/sper u(pozu/gion. dio\ kai/ fasi dei=n toiau/tas gi/nesqai ta\s lu/pas ai(\ ma/list' e)nantiou=ntai tai=s a)gapwme/nais h(donai=s. ei) d' ou)=n, kaqa/per ei)/rhtai, to\n e)so/menon a)gaqo\n trafh=nai kalw=s dei= kai\ e)qisqh=nai, ei)=q' ou(/tws e)n e)pithdeu/masin e)pieike/si zh=n kai\ mh/t' a)/konta mh/q' e(ko/nta pra/ttein ta\ fau=la, tau=ta de\ gi/noit' a)\n bioume/nois kata/ tina nou=n kai\ ta/cin o)rqh/n, e)/xousan i)sxu/n: h( me\n ou)=n patrikh\ pro/stacis ou)k e)/xei to\ i)sxuro\n ou)de\ dh\ to\ a)nagkai=on, ou)de\ dh\ o(/lws h( e(no\s a)ndro/s, mh\ basile/ws o)/ntos h)/ tinos toiou/tou: o( de\ no/mos a)nagkastikh\n e)/xei du/namin, lo/gos w)\n a)po/ tinos fronh/sews kai\ nou=. kai\ tw=n me\n a)nqrw/pwn e)xqai/rousi tou\s e)nantioume/nous tai=s o(rmai=s, ka)\n o)rqw=s au)to\ drw=sin: o( de\ no/mos ou)k e)/stin e)paxqh\s ta/ttwn to\ e)pieike/s. e)n mo/nh| de\ th=| *lakedaimoni/wn po/lei h)\ met' o)li/gwn o( nomoqe/ths e)pime/leian dokei= pepoih=sqai trofh=s te kai\ e)pithdeuma/twn: e)n de\ tai=s plei/stais tw=n po/lewn e)chme/lhtai peri\ tw=n toiou/twn, kai\ zh=| e(/kastos w(s bou/letai, kuklwpikw=s qemisteu/wn pai/dwn h)d' a)lo/xou. kra/tiston me\n ou)=n to\ gi/nesqai koinh\n e)pime/leian kai\ o)rqh\n kai\ dra=n au)to\ du/nasqai: koinh=| d' e)cameloume/nwn e(ka/stw| do/ceien a)\n prosh/kein toi=s sfete/rois te/knois kai\ fi/lois ei)s a)reth\n sumba/llesqai, h)\ proairei=sqai/ ge. ma=llon d' a)\n tou=to du/nasqai do/ceien e)k tw=n ei)rhme/nwn nomoqetiko\s geno/menos. ai( me\n ga\r koinai\ e)pime/leiai dh=lon o(/ti dia\ no/mwn gi/nontai, e)pieikei=s d' ai( dia\ tw=n spoudai/wn:
gegramme/nwn d' h)\ a)gra/fwn, ou)de\n a)\n do/ceie diafe/rein, ou)de\ di' w(=n ei(=s h)\ polloi\ paideuqh/sontai, w(/sper ou)d' e)pi\ mousikh=s h)\ gumnastikh=s kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e)pithdeuma/twn. w(/sper ga\r e)n tai=s po/lesin e)nisxu/ei ta\ no/mima kai\ ta\ h)/qh, ou(/tw kai\ e)n oi)ki/ais oi( patrikoi\ lo/goi kai\ ta\ e)/qh, kai\ e)/ti ma=llon dia\ th\n sugge/neian kai\ ta\s eu)ergesi/as: prou+pa/rxousi ga\r ste/rgontes kai\ eu)peiqei=s th=| fu/sei. e)/ti de\ kai\ diafe/rousin ai( kaq' e(/kaston paidei=ai tw=n koinw=n, w(/sper e)p' i)atrikh=s: kaqo/lou me\n ga\r tw=| pure/ttonti sumfe/rei h(suxi/a kai\ a)siti/a, tini\ d' i)/sws ou)/, o(/ te puktiko\s i)/sws ou) pa=si th\n au)th\n ma/xhn periti/qhsin. e)cakribou=sqai dh\ do/ceien a)\n ma=llon to\ kaq' e(/kaston i)di/as th=s e)pimelei/as ginome/nhs: ma=llon ga\r tou= prosfo/rou tugxa/nei e(/kastos. a)ll' e)pimelhqei/h me\n a)\n a)/rista kaq' e(\n kai\ i)atro\s kai\ gumnasth\s kai\ pa=s a)/llos o( kaqo/lou ei)dw/s, ti/ pa=sin h)\ toi=s toioisdi/ （tou= koinou= ga\r ai( e)pisth=mai le/gontai/ te kai\ ei)si/n）: ou) mh\n a)ll' e(no/s tinos ou)de\n i)/sws kwlu/ei kalw=s e)pimelhqh=nai kai\ a)nepisth/mona o)/nta, teqeame/non d' a)kribw=s ta\ sumbai/nonta e)f' e(ka/stw| di' e)mpeiri/an, kaqa/per kai\ i)atroi\ e)/nioi dokou=sin e(autw=n a)/ristoi ei)=nai, e(te/rw| ou)de\n a)\n duna/menoi e)parke/sai. ou)de\n d' h(=tton i)/sws tw=| ge boulome/nw| texnikw=| gene/sqai kai\ qewrhtikw=| e)pi\ to\ kaqo/lou badiste/on ei)=nai do/ceien a)/n, ka)kei=no gnwriste/on w(s e)nde/xetai: ei)/rhtai ga\r o(/ti peri\ tou=q' ai( e)pisth=mai. ta/xa de\ kai\ tw=| boulome/nw| di' e)pimelei/as belti/ous poiei=n, ei)/te pollou\s ei)/t' o)li/gous, nomoqetikw=| peirate/on gene/sqai, ei) dia\ no/mwn a)gaqoi\ genoi/meq' a)/n. o(/ntina ga\r ou)=n kai\ to\n proteqe/nta diaqei=nai kalw=s ou)k e)/sti tou= tuxo/ntos, a)ll' ei)/per tino/s, tou= ei)do/tos, w(/sper e)p' i)atrikh=s kai\ tw=n loipw=n w(=n e)/stin e)pime/leia/ tis kai\ fro/nhsis. a)=r' ou)=n meta\ tou=to e)piskepte/on po/qen h)\ pw=s nomoqetiko\s ge/noit' a)/n tis; h)\ kaqa/per e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn, para\ tw=n politikw=n; mo/rion ga\r e)do/kei th=s politikh=s ei)=nai. h)\ ou)x o(/moion fai/netai e)pi\ th=s politikh=s kai\ tw=n loipw=n e)pisthmw=n te kai\ duna/mewn; e)n me\n ga\r tai=s a)/llais oi( au)toi\ fai/nontai ta/s te duna/meis paradido/ntes kai\ e)nergou=ntes a)p' au)tw=n, oi(=on i)atroi\ grafei=s: ta\ de\ politika\ e)pagge/llontai me\n dida/skein oi( sofistai/,
pra/ttei d' au)tw=n ou)dei/s, a)ll' oi( politeuo/menoi, oi(\ do/caien a)\n duna/mei tini\ tou=to pra/ttein kai\ e)mpeiri/a| ma=llon h)\ dianoi/a|: ou)/te ga\r gra/fontes ou)/te le/gontes peri\ tw=n toiou/twn fai/nontai （kai/toi ka/llion h)=n i)/sws h)\ lo/gous dikanikou/s te kai\ dhmhgorikou/s）, ou)d' au)= politikou\s pepoihko/tes tou\s sfete/rous ui(ei=s h)/ tinas a)/llous tw=n fi/lwn. eu)/logon d' h)=n, ei)/per e)du/nanto: ou)/te ga\r tai=s po/lesin a)/meinon ou)de\n kate/lipon a)/n, ou)/q' au(toi=s u(pa/rcai proe/loint' a)\n ma=llon th=s toiau/ths duna/mews, ou)de\ dh\ toi=s filta/tois. ou) mh\n mikro/n ge e)/oiken h( e)mpeiri/a sumba/llesqai: ou)de\ ga\r e)gi/nont' a)\n dia\ th=s politikh=s sunhqei/as politikoi/: dio\ toi=s e)fieme/nois peri\ politikh=s ei)de/nai prosdei=n e)/oiken e)mpeiri/as. tw=n de\ sofistw=n oi( e)paggello/menoi li/an fai/nontai po/rrw ei)=nai tou= dida/cai. o(/lws ga\r ou)de\ poi=o/n ti e)sti\n h)\ peri\ poi=a i)/sasin: ou) ga\r a)\n th\n au)th\n th=| r(htorikh=| ou)de\ xei/rw e)ti/qesan, ou)d' a)\n w)/|onto r(a/|dion ei)=nai to\ nomoqeth=sai sunagago/nti tou\s eu)dokimou=ntas tw=n no/mwn: e)kle/casqai ga\r ei)=nai tou\s a)ri/stous, w(/sper ou)de\ th\n e)klogh\n ou)=san sune/sews kai\ to\ kri=nai o)rqw=s me/giston, w(/sper e)n toi=s kata\ mousikh/n. oi( ga\r e)/mpeiroi peri\ e(/kasta kri/nousin o)rqw=s ta\ e)/rga, kai\ di' w(=n h)\ pw=s e)pitelei=tai sunia=sin, kai\ poi=a poi/ois suna/|dei: toi=s d' a)pei/rois a)gaphto\n to\ mh\ dialanqa/nein ei) eu)= h)\ kakw=s pepoi/htai to\ e)/rgon, w(/sper e)pi\ grafikh=s. oi( de\ no/moi th=s politikh=s e)/rgois e)oi/kasin:
pw=s ou)=n e)k tou/twn nomoqetiko\s ge/noit' a)/n tis, h)\ tou\s a)ri/stous kri/nai; ou) ga\r fai/nontai ou)d' i)atrikoi\ e)k tw=n suggramma/twn gi/nesqai. kai/toi peirw=ntai/ ge le/gein ou) mo/non ta\ qerapeu/mata, a)lla\ kai\ w(s i)aqei=en a)\n kai\ w(s dei= qerapeu/ein e(ka/stous, dielo/menoi ta\s e(/ceis: tau=ta de\ toi=s me\n e)mpei/rois w)fe/lima ei)=nai dokei=, toi=s d' a)nepisth/mosin a)xrei=a. i)/sws ou)=n kai\ tw=n no/mwn kai\ tw=n politeiw=n ai( sunagwgai\ toi=s me\n duname/nois qewrh=sai kai\ kri=nai ti/ kalw=s h)\ tou)nanti/on kai\ poi=a poi/ois a(rmo/ttei eu)/xrhst' a)\n ei)/h: toi=s d' a)/neu e(/cews ta\ toiau=ta dieciou=si to\ me\n kri/nein kalw=s ou)k a)\n u(pa/rxoi, ei) mh\ a)/ra au)to/maton, eu)sunetw/teroi d' ei)s tau=ta ta/x' a)\n ge/nointo. paralipo/ntwn ou)=n tw=n prote/rwn a)nereu/nhton to\ peri\ th=s nomoqesi/as, au)tou\s e)piske/yasqai ma=llon be/ltion i)/sws, kai\ o(/lws dh\ peri\ politei/as, o(/pws ei)s du/namin h( peri\ ta\ a)nqrw/peia filosofi/a teleiwqh=|. prw=ton me\n ou)=n ei)/ ti kata\ me/ros ei)/rhtai kalw=s u(po\ tw=n progeneste/rwn peiraqw=men e)pelqei=n, ei)=ta e)k tw=n sunhgme/nwn politeiw=n qewrh=sai ta\ poi=a sw/|zei kai\ fqei/rei ta\s po/leis kai\ ta\ poi=a e(ka/stas tw=n politeiw=n, kai\ dia\ ti/nas ai)ti/as ai(\ me\n kalw=s ai(\ de\ tou)nanti/on politeu/ontai. qewrhqe/ntwn ga\r tou/twn ta/x' a)\n ma=llon suni/doimen kai\ poi/a politei/a a)ri/sth, kai\ pw=s e(ka/sth taxqei=sa, kai\ ti/si no/mois kai\ e)/qesi xrwme/nh. le/gwmen ou)=n a)rca/menoi.