[74]
Or
from contradictions: “He who is wise is not a
fool.” Or from consequences necessary or probable1: “If justice is a good thing, we must give
[p. 243]
right judgment”: “If breach of faith is a bad
thing, we must not deceive.” And such arguments
may also be reversed. Similar to these are the
following arguments, which must therefore be
classed under this same head, since it is to this
that they naturally belong: “A man has not lost
what he never had”: “A man does not wittingly
injure him whom he loves”: “If one man has appointed another as his heir, he regarded, still regards
and will continue to regard him with affection.”
However, such arguments, being incontrovertible,
are of the nature of absolute indications.2
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